Udin Juhrodin

The activity of helping the harvest in exchange for rice straw is a habit for residents, especially in Warukut Village, Cileunyi District, Bandung Regency. Giving rewards in the form of straw when helping with the harvest is also an activity that comes from someone's initiative with the aim of helping with a sincere heart and not feeling disadvantaged. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on giving rewards in the form of straw when helping harvest. The subjects of this research are several residents who have cattle and also several local religious leaders, totaling 2 people. The results showed that the activity of giving rice straw rewards when helping with the harvest as a thank you to the owner of the cow who had helped the harvest. This study uses descriptive qualitative data collection using interviews and analysis using qualitative analysis with content analysis based on istihsan analysis. The conclusion of this research is as a thank you and can also be said to help each other to help fellow human beings. In giving a straw reward, of course, one must be sincere and also do not feel disadvantaged or burdened. This activity is also allowed by local religious leaders with good intentions and not excessive. God willing, there will be a good value for those who give rice straw in return with a sincere heart with the aim of helping.

The ta'aruf process that involves online application and must be viewed from a legal perspective, in this case utilizing the Istihsan Bil Maslahah approach discussed in this paper as a phenomenon that occurs in cyberspace or known as the period of digitization. Methodology This research is included in descriptive qualitative research, where the author only describes the phenomena that occur, namely those related to online ta'aruf in terms of ihtisan bil maslahah analysis, because the object of research is online media, the research location is through social media platforms, one of which is Instagram account. Taarufnikah.ig. In this research, the data were collected using interview techniques and document studies. Data analysis in this study used qualitative analysis. There is no reason to prohibit the practice of online ta'aruf, and doing so does not violate Islamic law. Both men and women who have difficulty finding a mate can benefit from the practice of online ta'aruf. Restrictions on online ta'aruf participants and strict guidelines on identification and profiles of online ta'aruf participants are just two drawbacks that must be taken into account in addition to the advantages.

Botram is a kind of tradition or activity of gathering and sharing which is usually done by the Sundanese people. The atmosphere of family and togetherness is very strong in this activity. This activity can be done anywhere be it at home, yard, beach or other places. Botram or ngabotram is usually carried out as a companion activity, one of which is during a thanksgiving event to occupy a new house. The method used is descriptive qualitative research in the form of words, verbal and observable actions whose purpose is to observe community social activities. For data collection using observation or interview techniques. This research was conducted in Padasuka Complex, Cibeunying Kidul District, Pasirlayung Village, Bandung City.

The activity of sharing food in children's birthday celebrations is something we often encounter in the community around us. Children's Birthday Thanksgiving is meant to be grateful for the age that has been given by God for us or for our children. There are those who pray together, there are also those who pray together and make tumpeng or yellow rice and also snacks for children with the intention of sharing fortune with children around the house. This study was intended to determine the perspective of ostihsan on food sharing activities in children's milad tasyakur events. Research in Kp. Cibeuneur Rt.001 Rw.006 Ganjarsabar Village, Nagreg District. This research uses descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews and observations. The subjects of the study were families who held a celebration for children's birthdays and religious leaders around the house. Is there a birthday or milad in Islam? This birthday celebration is not meant for worship, but just a tradition, custom, custom or maybe just having fun. If so, it is necessary to know beforehand that in Islam, the day that is celebrated repeatedly is called Eid, for example Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, also Friday is the day of Eid in Islam. And it should also be noted that each tribe has its own Eid. So Islam also has its own Eid. This activity makes the author want to directly examine how it is legal to distribute food during the Children's Birthday celebration, whether it is allowed or not in the perspective of istihsan bil urf.

Keywords: Distributing food during child's birthday celebration, Istihsan, urf

Community tourism in the Thousands is one of the phenomena that occurs among the community so that several perspectives emergee of the existence of negative and positive impacts on community tourism activities, with this tourism the surrounding community can feel the benefits in terms of the economy but basically these tourist attractions often raise the issue of negative impacts. in the neighborhood of Kampung Cikoneng Babakan Cieunyi Kulon. This study aims to determine the perspective of istihsan bil maslahat on the tradition of community tourism activities of the thousand stairs of Kampung Cikoneng Babakan Cileunyi Kulon. This research is using descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews and observations. The subject of this research is the religious leaders of Kampung Cikoneng, the tourism manager and the surrounding community. The results of the study indicate that community tourism activities in the Thousand Islands have positive and negative impacts. The positive impact of this tour is that the surrounding community can sell in that place, while the negative impact of this tour is that many young people make the place a place to be together, this is contrary to the Koran about the prohibition of approaching adultery. The conclusion from this research is that in terms of the analysis of istihsan bil maslahat there are two values of negative and positive impacts from the existence of community tourism activities in the thousand villages of Cikoneng Babakan.

In Javanese tradition, making rujak is done by the mother of the unborn baby. If the seasoning tastes salty, usually the baby is born female. If it's not salty, it's usually a boy. However, because medical technology is so advanced, until four-dimensional ultrasound was discovered. The sex of the baby can be known early. In this 7-month event that is in Javanese custom, namely Mitoni, and Mitoni is a tradition that is quite ingrained in the community, then a myth appears which states that if you don't do mitoni, you are afraid that bad things will happen to pregnant women and the unborn baby. In the mythological tradition, Rujak Gobet has a high philosophical value. Prospective parents expect the child who is born later to be able to gather and mingle by all levels of society. This procession is also intended so that the child's future can achieve success and fulfill his financial needs. So, this tradition is actually made to ask for help and prayer for the safety of the mother and the fetus she is carrying. Not only that, this seven-month procession is also expected to be a prayer so that later babies born are healthy and have good personalities and are devoted to their parents.

The among-among tradition is an acculturation of Javanese traditions brought by the Javanese people living in the West Java area and carried out for generations by the Rancaekek people. Amongamong tradition is one of simple thanksgiving to Allah SWT. The research method used is the historical method (historical). The historical research steps include: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Data collection techniques used in this study are: literature study, interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the among-among tradition is a Javanese tradition that is acculturated to Rancaekek Kencana Village, because it is the indigenous people of Central Java who carry their traditions. The purpose of the among-among is a form of gratitude to Allah SWT for the blessings given. Usually among-among is held in the afternoon or evening. Food and utensils that have a symbolic meaning among-among are: white rice, red and white porridge, urab (boiled vegetables), boiled eggs, tampah, water in a container with dadap leaves, and market snacks. Analysis of bil urf in the among-among tradition, namely religious values, social values, and educational values. In terms of Urf Amali, it is permissible in terms of habits that do not come out of the Sunnah and hadiths that are in the Qur'an and in terms of coverage included in Al-Urf Al-khas which underlies the habits of a place that has carried out traditions that are accustomed to being carried out with no notes. violate the rules as Muslims have regulated.

Rice cakes are a popular food in the Kampung Pasirjoho area, Pangandaran Regency. The location of Kampung Pasirjoho can indeed be said to be far from the city center, so there are still many who consume traditional food compared to fast food or junk food. This rice cake is made from rice flour with various fillings according to taste, cooked by steaming with banana leaves, has a soft, chewy texture and can be enjoyed by various groups. The beginning of this tradition arose because a long time ago there were youths from Baubau from Southeast Sulawesi who lived in Pasirjoho village, as we know that Baubau village is thick with South Korean culture. Then one of the most distinctive cultures of South Korea is to give a package of tteok (rice mochi) from new residents to the local community. This culture was then brought by the young man from Baubau to the Pangandaran area, more precisely the Pasirjoho village, so that this tradition emerged and was preserved. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on the tradition of giving rice cakes from residents who have just moved to local residents in Pasirjoho village, Pangandaran district by using urf analysis. This research is descriptive using data collection using interviews and observations. The research subjects were 3 residents of Pasirjoho village, Pangandaran district. The results showed that the activity of distributing rice cakes to local residents was the first step in building good kinship between neighbors, making it easier for new residents to adapt to the new environment, and making interaction and communication between residents more flexible and close. The conclusion of this research is that the tradition of distributing rice cakes from new residents to the local community from the perspective of urf has positive values in creating the expected social relations, this of course does not contradict the Qur'an, Hadith and logic. This activity is also considered to be able to increase a sense of brotherhood, solidarity, cooperation, concern and ta'awun, so that this tradition can be allowed by istihsan.

The activity of imitating the sounds and movements of animals is a habit that is often done by teachers at the POS PAUD Nurul Islam school. In the activity of sound and movement of animals it is a habit of teachers at PP Nurul Islam in stimulating the socio-emotional development of children. According to experts, children at this age are true imitators, activities are activities that are most liked by early childhood. And imitating the sounds and movements of animals is the most preferred activity for children at PP Nurul Islam in learning while playing. This research is to find out whether the activity of imitating the sounds and movements of animals in early childhood learning is against Islamic teachings or not in the analysis of 'Urf. This research was conducted at the POS PAUD Nurul Islam school in Kp. Cikalage Hilir, Hegarmanah Village, Cikancung District, by conducting interviews first with teachers in PP Nurul Islam and religious leaders in Cikalage Hilir village. This article is the result of empirical research using qualitative research. This habit has often been done by PP Nurul Islam teachers in stimulating children's social, emotional and gross motor development. As for the object of Urf, this activity in terms of its aspects includes urf amali (actions), in terms of its scope it is included in Urf Al-Khas (specifically), and in terms of its validity, it is included in urf sahi (not contrary to Islamic standards and sharia).
Keywords: copy, positives values,  urf.

Fence is a structure that divides a field into two which is used to limit the insulating yard, land or house from one area to another. This study aims to analyze Mashlahat Mursalah in making house fences in Cikeruh Village, Kec. Jatinangor, Kab. Sumedang. Maslahat Mursalah has the meaning of an action that has a benefit value or that has benefits and refuses or prevents mafsadah. The method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative data collection using interviews and analysis using qualitative analysis with content analysis based on mashlahat Mursalah analysis. The research subjects were the person who installs the fence, the local government (RT) and local religious leaders. The results of the analysis in this study according to Mashlahat Mursalah, namely the construction of a house fence in Kampung Ciseke Desa Cikeruh, Kec. Jatinangor, Kab. Sumedang is included in the form of Maslahah Al-Gharibah which is Maslahah Mursahat which has no syara' testimony.

Keywords: Fence, Mashlahat, Mursalah

The activity of congratulating flowers is to give appreciation or gifts to someone. Gifts do not have to be in the form of certain items or things that everyone is used to giving, congratulating flowers with flowers is also a sign of affection or attention to someone, be it for the closest relatives, relatives, parents, spouses and for everyone. As was done in Kp. Cileunyi RT.04 RW.23 Cileunyi Kulon. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on the activity of congratulating with flowers on Walimatul 'ursy using urf analysis. The study used descriptive qualitative data collection using interviews and observations. The subject of the research is a flower bouquet entrepreneur who has been pioneering for approximately one year with various kinds of orders that have been made using flowers as congratulations. Consumers who use a bouquet of flowers as a sign of congratulation to Walimatul 'Ursy, and finally to the ulama figures regarding the law, congratulate using flowers on Walimatul 'Ursy. Based on the law of istihsan bil urf regarding congratulating flowers with walimatul 'ursy, the law is permissible as long as it does not bring harm to those who give and receive. If people give a bouquet of flowers to the poor (forced to give) then it is better not to use the flower bouquet and need to avoid it.

Keywords: congratulations, flowers, walimatul 'ursy, positive values, istihsan, urf.

Bridal shower trends as a pre-marriage ritual and releasing single status ceremony is a Western cultures that has been adapted and become lifestyle in linggar village, thus researcher is interested to examine with the formulation of the problem: what are the reasons / factors behind linggar village women doing bridal showers and how the process and implementation of the bridal shower procession in linggar village; and what symbols and meaning that appear in the procession. The research method that used is qualitative and data collection techniques through observation and interviews with informants who have done bridal showers in linggar village (as the brides, bridesmaids/friends, and decoration services). This study was analyzed using the concept of rite by Van Gennep, lifestyle theory by David Chaney, and symbolic interpretivism by Clifford Geertz. The results of this research indicate that the reason to do bridal shower is: as a manifestation of participating in the happiness of a married friend; there are natural demands in friendship groups; farewell party; and follow lifestyle trends. The procession of bridal shower in linggar village is a combination of farewell and transitional rites, namely the release the single status and the transition of status to wife / mother, which in the procession also socializes the brides on their new roles. In the procession also bring out some symbols of the marriage, sex, and roles that are interpreted together. Bridal shower also used as a practice to show the self existence and group.

Making up the house before the wedding is a phenomenon that occurs in the community and throughout Indonesia, especially in kp. Cibiru Village. Cihanyir Kab. Bandung. Which is done every time before the wedding. Dressing up the house before the wedding is a menas activity at the house that will be used as a place for the wedding to be held in one house on the part of the bride-to-be with the aim of knowing Istihsan Bil Urfi's perspective on the tradition of making up the house before the wedding among the people in kp. Cibiru Village. Cihanyir Kab. Bandung, using Ihtisan Bil Urfi's analysis, qualitative, descriptive research with data collection using interviews or observations, research subjects are house make-up artists, people who have had their house made-up and religious leaders. The results of the study show that the activity of making up the house before the wedding began in the past, the community has never lost this kind of custom in approaching the wedding, because this tradition is a declining tradition of furun, this tradition is also valued by all the people, especially in the Cibiru village village Cihanyir Kab. Bandung, as a positive activity because it can make a house that is made up for a wedding better because it has become a tradition from our ancestors. The conclusion from this study is that the tradition of making up the house before the wedding seen from the aspect of Ihtisan Bil Urfi is a type of urfi sahih that does not conflict with the Qur'an, hadith and logic, besides that if there is a conflict, maybe the tradition has not been carried out, the tradition of making up the house before the wedding. Marriage has a positive starting value, namely for the comfort of the invited guests, and its beauty so that this tradition is allowed by Ibtisa Bil Urfi

Prayer is a form of request or request of a servant to his God, prayer is the need of every Muslim both individually and in groups, Prayer is prayed according to the needs of the situation and conditions faced by his servant. This study aims to find out the perspective of istihsan on THE ACTIVITY OF ASKING FOR HEALING PRAYERS FOR THE SICK THROUGH WATER MEDIA (Research in Kp. Kebon Kalapa Ganjar Sabar Village Kec.Nagreg Bandung) using urf analysis. The research used descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews and observations. The subject of the study was a person who carried out the activity of asking for prayers through the medium of water 2 0rang, then 2 religious figures, namely Ust. Udin and Ustd Tika, 2 health workers, namely Dr. Heizy Priastuti and Sari Anggraeni's mother (Nurse), as well as 3 general public people RT 03 RW 08 Ganjar Sabar Village. The results showed that the activity of asking for prayers for healing for people who are sick through the medium of water is a form of endeavor and or testament to Allah, this has become commonplace in Ganjar Sabar village, and it is allowed, This activity of asking to be prayed has happened for a long time and even happened in the time of the Prophet and was considered by them as a positive activity because it can provide benefits, and foster an attitude of caring, helping each other, and helping each other. The conclusion of this study is that the activity of requesting healing prayers through the medium of water is seen from the aspect of urf, it is a type of urf shahih that does not contradict the Quran, al-Hadith and logic. In addition, these activities or traditions have good positive values ,so that these traditions can be allowed in an istihsan manner.

The research raises the theme of Bridesmaid or Bride's Companion, which is now a trend and is carried out by young people today, especially in the village. Cikijing Rt005/Rw10, Linggar Village, Kec. Rancaekek, Bndung Regency. This new tradition is starting to be known by millennials in Indonesia, because this event is a culture from European countries. Thus, for the State of Indonesia, which has an eastern culture, the culture is very different from western culture. This tradition has existed since ancient Greece. Basically, the term 'bridesmaid' is used to refer to the bride's companion who will help with all the preparations for the wedding. In a well-known story Jacob in The Bible, his two wives, Leah and Rachel, are ushered into the wedding by their own maids, hence the name brides' maids. At that time, bridesmaids were usually chosen from domestic workers who took care of all the needs of the bride and groom until the H-day arrived. However, apart from being servants, they were chosen to be bridesmaids because they are very close to the bride and groom. This research method is field research, which is a study that aims to collect data from the location or field, so that the type of research used is a qualitative research type. Meanwhile, for data collection, the writer uses observation and interviews. 'Urf is a thing that is known and has become a habit of the community, either in the form of words or deeds. Bridesmaids or bridesmaids have existed since ancient times, only in Indonesia known as Ayu Fence, but Ayu Fence is more in Javanese tradition. Bridesmaid and Ayu Fence are both companions of the prospective bride, but Bridesmaid and Ayu Fence have different tasks.

Pungutan is a phenomenon that occurs among women in the Bumi orange Complex, which is often held every holiday. Pemungutan is an activity of eating together, with each bringing rice and side dishes, or cooking in one house and eating them together. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on traditional pungutan among mothers in the GS complex by using mashlahat analysis. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data collection using interviews and observations. The research subjects were women from RT 03 RW 09 who opened 15 people. The results showed that pungutan activities began during the pandemic, and mothers had to stay at home, and to relieve boredom, they finally made pungutan activities. pungutan also, assessed by them as a positive activity because it can relieve stress caused by staying at home, and foster an attitude of caring, helping each other, helping each other. The conclusion of this research is that the pungutan tradition is seen from the mashlahat aspect, it is a type of authentic mashlahat that does not conflict with the Koran, al-Hadith and logic. In addition, the pungutan tradition has good positive values, namely solidarity, togetherness, caring, and ta'awun., so that this tradition can be allowed by istihsan.

Wearing couple clothes has become a customary tradition that is known in several regions, even in almost all corners of the world this tradition is inherent in some people, not only adults, children also like this tradition a lot. Most people consider couple clothes to be formal clothes and even look different from the others. in Pangrumasan Village, it is considered that when wearing couple clothes to important events, especially for example weddings, closeness or family harmony is visible. This research was conducted in Pangrumasan village by conducting interviews with the people concerned and even religious leaders. This article is the result of empirical research using qualitative research. As for the point of view, it is included in urf shahi (not against the rules of Islamic religious law). This tradition has become a hereditary custom the pangrumasan community.

The concept of discount in Islam is in the realm of buying and selling that brings benefits and benefits to the perpetrators based on divinity, ethics, humanity and balance. In the discount process at RA Bani Sulaiman Cileunyi-Bandung, there is a method that is developed by following the terms and conditions of the wave. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on discounts in education costs for the community, especially the Cileunyi-Bandung area, urf analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews and observations and there are research sources from secondary and primary sources. The research subjects were parents, school principals, school teachers and the community around the school. The results of the study show that the discount activity for the new student registration fee based on the wave provides good benefits for the perpetrators of the activity as well as parents who get reduced school fees and also the school which can increase the number of new students with this discount promotion. The conclusion of this study is that the activity of discounting the cost of registering new students is seen from the urf aspect, it is a type of authentic urf that does not conflict with the Koran, al-Hadith and logic. In addition, this activity has good positive values, namely usefulness, relief, convenience for the local community and the school.

Keywords: Discount, education, Islamic law, istihsan.

The huap lingkung tradition has a meaning as a release to a married child and an expression of welcome to the son-in-law, because both parents will not take care of it anymore, do not feed as before and then they themselves take care of their needs. This study aims to determine the tradition of huap lingkung at Sundanese traditional weddings using urf analysis. The research was carried out using descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews. The research subjects were 4 people, namely 1 person who had carried out the Huap Lingkung tradition, 1 person as the executor or guide of the Huap Lingkung tradition, and 2 people as religious leaders.
The results show that the Huap Lingkung tradition has been carried out since ancient times or since the time of the ancestors. The tradition of huap lingkung is considered by the Sundanese community as a positive activity because it provides value for giving each other love, and harmony in the family through the bribes given. However, in the religious tradition of huap lingkung it is not recommended because the activity of bribing each other between couples in public is included in activities that show affection in public, which is prohibited in religion. The conclusion of this research is that the huap lingkung tradition is seen from the urf aspect, it is a type of urf fasid which is contrary to Al-Quran al-Hadiths and logic, so this tradition is not allowed.

Keywords: huap lingkung tradition, Sundanese traditional wedding, urf.

Teaching religion with the pat method is one of the methods applied or carried out by the teachers at RA Al-Ihsan Rancaekek. This pat method is intended to teach the teachings of islam to children in away that is fun for children. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on religious teaching with the pat method at RA Al-Ihsan Rancaekek. This research uses descriptive qualitative with data collection through interview. The research subjects were teachers, parent/ guardian of student, and local religious leaders. The results showed that teaching religion with the pat methode was carried out before teaching the actual practice of worship to children, as well as providing fun teaching for early childhood, but religion said that patting was haram. The conclusion of this research is that teaching religion using the pat method in istihsan analysis does not conflict with the Qur'an, al-hadits if is only used for children as a learning method.

Giving shalawat money to attendants is a phenomenon that occurs in the community in Kp. Bojongkaliki, Sukamanah Village, Majalaya District, this phenomenon is usually carried out after the funeral is over and given to the attendants of the corpse both for children and adults. This prayer is usually given from the bereaved family. This study aims to determine the urf's perspective on the tradition of giving shalawat money to attendants after the funeral in Kp. Bojong Kaliki, Sukamanah Village, Majalaya District Bandung Regency by using urf analysis. This research is using descriptive qualitative with 3 respondents representing in Kp. Bojong Kaliki Sukamanah Village. With data collected through interviews and analyzed using qualitative analysis based on URF analysis. The results showed that the activity of giving shalawat money to the attendants of the corpse had started since ancient times which was handed down by their ancestors with the aim of giving alms on behalf of the person left behind. The distribution of shalawat money to the attendants is also a positive thing because in addition to being a charity for the deceased and the families left behind, it also indirectly raises awareness for the attendants that as long as we live, we will return to the ruler. So the conclusion of this study is that the tradition of distributing shalawat money to the attendants after the funeral is seen from the 'urf aspect, it is a typical type of 'urf because it is carried out at certain places, times and circumstances. In addition, the tradition of distributing shalawat money to attendants after the funeral has good positive values, namely caring, social and self-awareness, so this tradition can be carried out in an 'urf manner.

The connection activity is a tradition of "sending / giving" all the needs needed in the celebration event. As for what is sent, it can be in the form of materials needed for the celebration, such as rice, mineral water, meat, chicken pieces, fish, vegetables, fruits, and various kinds of cakes and other dishes. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on connection activities that have become a tradition by using istihsan bil urf analysis. The study used qualitative descriptive data collection with interviews and observations. The research subjects were several people from kp dago kulon and local religious leaders. The results showed that this connection activity has become one of the traditions in the kp area. Dago subang district. This tradition has been passed down from generation to generation which is still practiced today. This connection tradition is usually carried out at celebration events, such as weddings, circumcisions, and other celebration events. This connection activity is also considered as a positive activity because it is one of the ties of friendship between neighbors, and fosters an attitude of caring, helping each other, and helping each other. The conclusion of this research is the connection activity seen from istihsan bil urf, is a tradition that has good positive values, namely as a form of maintaining friendship, caring for each other, helping each other, helping each other, and also not contradicting the Qur'an, hadith and logic.

Motorcycle printing and checking activities are community activities throughout Indonesia and one of them is at the Duck Garage workshop which is carried out every day. Motorcycle painting and motorcycle checking is one form that is carried out by the community so that the motorbike becomes comfortable again and there are no obstacles to In the future, this activity is usually carried out by many variations that are carried out by mechanics in the workshop, there are those who do oil changes, replace motor paint and lower the motor engine itself. istihsan analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative by collecting data using interviews and observations. The research subjects are customers who come to the Duck Garage workshop in Kp.lio girang RT.02 RW.07, totaling 5 people. The results show that the activity car painting The operation of the motor has started when the workshop was opened. This activity occurred because of the desire of the costumers to make the motorbike itself better when used. The conclusion of this research is that the painting activity of the motorbike is seen from the istihsan aspect and there is no coercion.

Bedug is an early marker before the call to prayer which invites Muslims to pray. Bedug has the meaning of a big drum (a mosque or mosque that is beaten to announce prayer times). This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on the drum tradition before the call to prayer in the kp area. Darussalam Ds. Nagreg Kec. Nagreg by using urf analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews and observations. The research subjects were Mr. DKM Mesjid Darusalam, community leaders and religious leaders/ustadz. The results showed that the drum activity before the call to prayer had become a tradition in Kp. Darussalam Ds. The sound of the drum drum is always played before the call to prayer. Moreover, if the loudspeaker does not function to announce the call to prayer, this is the best solution to inform the public that the time for prayer has arrived. And the lesson is that the community quickly responded and rushed home to pray at the mosque. The conclusion of this research is that the tradition of the drum before the call to prayer is seen from the urf aspect, it is a type of authentic urf that does not conflict with the Koran, al-Hadith and logic. In addition, the tradition of the drum before the call to prayer has a good positive value, namely providing information about the entry of prayer times, so that this tradition can be allowed by istihsan.

Going home on holidays is a custom that is known in some areas, generally this is a feature that the habit of going home or going home is a habit that may not be separated from the Indonesian people because it has become a tradition that when Eid arrives, you return to your place of origin to carry out friendship. to his parents and other extended family. This study aims to determine whether the activity of returning home on holidays is contrary to Islamic teachings or not in the view of Urf' analysis. This research was conducted in Kp. Nyalindung Rt 03 Rw 09 Cileunyi Wetan Village Kec. Cileunyi Kab. Bandung by conducting interviews with several religious and community leaders in Kp. Protect. This article is the result of empirical research using a qualitative approach. This research is a qualitative descriptive juridical research, namely research that was conducted by qualitatively observing the phenomenon of going home to the village on Hari Raya. As for the Urf' view, this activity is seen from the object point of view, including urf amali (actions), in terms of its scope, it is included in urf al-khas (specifically) and in terms of the validity of this tradition, it is included in urf sahi (not contrary to the rules and shari'a of Islam).

The activity of reading Barjanzi is a tradition that is carried out during the celebration of the Prophet's Birthday, aqiqah, and one of them is Tasyakuran for newborns to ask for blessings and intercession and the contents of Barjanzi's reading are in Arabic and are sung with light. This Barjanzi begins with Tawassul and prayers, then reads Barjanzi readings with representatives of 3 teenagers or people who can recite Barjanzi readings with light, then marhabaan by shaving the baby's hair. gold to be used as charity for babies and distributed to the poor. This study aims to determine istihsan's perspective on the tradition of reading Barjanzi on the 7th day of baby celebration by using urf analysis. This study uses descriptive qualitative data collection using interviews and observations. The research subjects were the ustadz who was the administrator of the mosque in Kp. Reuma and Ms. Ustazah, the administrator of the santri in Kp. Reuma. The results showed that the activity of reading Barjanzi is a form of gratitude for the sustenance that Allah has given as well as a form of respect and glorify the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Reading Barjanzi is also considered by the community as a positive activity because it can gather friendship with neighbors. The conclusion of this research is that the tradition of reading Barjanzi seen from the urf aspect, it is a type of authentic urf that does not conflict with the Koran, al-Hadith and logic. In addition, the tradition of reading Barjanzi has good positive values, namely togetherness and understanding the ties of friendship with neighbors which are rarely found, so the activity of reading Barjanzi in Kp. Reuma rt 02 has become a habit so it is allowed by Istihsan Bil Urfi.

Disposing of garbage on Friday is an activity to clean the environment at school by means of mutual cooperation on Friday before the school holiday carried out by the principal, teachers and students of RA Nurul Huda Kec. Rancaekek Kab. Bandung. Disposing of garbage on Friday is an activity to create a healthy environment and instill good character education from an early age and the privilege of Friday. This study aims to determine the perspective of istihsan on Friday's garbage disposal activities at Ra Nurul Huda by using istishan analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews and observations and there are research sources from secondary and primary sources. The research subjects were the principal, parents of students and local religious leaders. The results of the study showed that the activities of throwing garbage on Friday in students of RA Nurul Huda Kec. Rancaekek Kab. Bandung has been done for a long time, with the aim of creating a healthy environment and inculcating good character from an early age seen from the urf aspect, it is a type of authentic urf that does not conflict with the Koran, al-Hadith and logic. In addition, the garbage disposal activity on Friday has good positive values, namely mutual cooperation, good character, protecting the environment and concern for cleanliness so that this activity can be allowed on an istihsan basis.

This study aims to determine the tradition of Rebo Wekasan in Babakan Village, both in the prayers used, the sequence of events. This tradition is called hajat buruan rebo wekasan or can be interpreted as a celebration in front of the house on the last Wednesday of the month of shafar. Rebo weksan is a tradition framed by a religious form. Because tradition cannot be eliminated and has been embedded in various regions before the entry of Islam into Indonesia, therefore some rituals that come out of the Shari'a are replaced with various Islamic religious Shari'a. The rebo-wekasan occurred because there was a statement from the ulema that on the last Wednesday of the month of Safar, 320,000-500,000 diseases and disasters were sent down. This hunt in the Babakan village was carried out after the prayer of rejecting reinforcements which was held at the house of the RT by praying and eating food. This study uses field research methods and library sources, which are outlined in the form of a description or called qualitative research. The instrument used is in the form of interviews with sources and sources of books, journals and articles.

The Ngaburah panglay tradition is a tradition that occurred among old people, which was carried out on newborns in the late afternoon. Ngaburah panglay is done by chewing the panglay to be smooth and then the panglay chewing is smeared on the baby's big toe and the crown of the baby's head. This study aims to determine the perspective of istihsan on the tradition of ngaburah panglay in infants in the afternoon before magrib using urf analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews and observations. The research subject is a resident in the Cibatu Garut area, totaling 2 people. The results showed that the ngaburah panglay activity for babies in the afternoon before magrib was carried out to keep babies safe from disturbances by spirits, because it was believed by some people. The conclusion from this research is that ngaburah panglay in infants in the afternoon before sunset from the aspect of urf, it is a type of urf shohih because there are benefits in carrying out the activities of ngaburah the baby.

Soil processing with the maro system is a form of cooperation for the results of rice fields or gardens which is usually done by some people in Kp. Cipaku RT 02 RW 11 Ds. Mekarsari Cilawu-Garut. In the maro system, the land owner hands over the management of his land to workers who are willing to cooperate, where the harvest from the land will be divided between the land owner and the workers who manage the land. This study aims to determine the analysis of maslahah mursalah on land management using the maro system in Kp. Cipaku RT 02 RW 11 Ds. Mekarsari Cilawu-Garut. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection using interviews, observations and literature studies. The research subjects are the people of Kp. Cipaku which uses the maro system in tillage. The results showed that cooperation in land management using the maro system had many benefits and advantages for both parties, although there were still losses. However, when viewed from the mursalah benefit, this collaboration has a beneficial value by prioritizing deliberation and agreement on land management with the maro system. The conclusion of this research is that tillage using maro in Kp. Cipaku from the aspect of maslahat mursalah, has a benefit value for land owners and workers who manage the land and does not conflict with the Koran, al-Hadith and logic. In addition, land cultivation with the maro system is very helpful for landowners who cannot manage their land and workers who do not have land to manage.

The prohibition of wanci sareupna exit in children is a phenomenon that occurs among the people of Sumedang precisely in the hamlet of Cilengkrang village. Which has been attached for a long time and trusted by the surrounding community, especially the elderly. This prohibition arises from parents' concerns about their children considering the myths or stories circulating about something that happened when the children were still outside when entering magrib time. This study aims to find out the perspective of saddu dzariah on the prohibition of leaving the house wanci sareupna for children in cilengkrang villages by using quantitative ansalysis which collects data through interviews and observations. The subject of the study is a family consisting of fathers, mothers and one child who are in Rt 02 Rw 02 Cimedang hamlet Cilengkrang village Wado district Sumedang regency.The author focused the study in this journal, based on the background of the existing problems, then the problem can be formulated as follows: First what is behind the ban on magrib exit for children in this village of Cilengkrang sumedang? Secondly, what is the provision of the magrib exit ban according to the perspective of sadd al-dzari'ah? The results showed that the ban began long ago from great-grandparents in the area. Firstly, it is faculted by the hadith of the prophet SAW and also the stories circulating, secondly from the perspective of Sadd Al-dzariah there are several mafsadat that arise the first health and safety of children from the disturbances of jinn and satan, and negligence in worship because wanci sareupna coincides with the coming time of magrib prayer.

Nyawer is a form of Sundanese tradition that is well-known in various regions, one of which is when a family has been blessed with the gift of a child. This saweran tradition is carried out as a form of gratitude to Allah SWT who has given favors and sustenance in the form of children. In addition, nyawer is also a medium that strengthens togetherness, teaches how to share with others, and teaches that as God's creatures, it is appropriate to always be grateful to Him for everything that is achieved.
This study aims to describe how the process of the newborn nyawer tradition that occurs in Kp. Cibiru in the perspective of 'urf. This article is the result of empirical research using a qualitative approach. This research was conducted first by interviewing local people as informants to explore related traditions. This tradition has long been carried out from generation to generation by the people in Cibiru village because this tradition is a form of gratitude to Allah SWT for the blessings that have been given and reminds to share with each other. As for the view of Urf tardisi, in terms of the object, it includes urf amali (actions), in terms of its scope, it is included in urf al-khas (specifically) and in terms of the validity of this tradition, it is included in urf shahi (not against the rules and laws of Islam).
Keywoards: Nyawer, Tradition, urf

The word Ngeuyeuk Seureuh comes from the Sundanese language 'ngaheuyeuk' which means to cultivate. This ceremony is carried out to ask for the blessing of the parents of the two prospective brides at the woman's house. Usually this ceremony is carried out one day before the marriage ceremony, and at the same time as the offering procession. This ceremony is also filled with household advice and often contains sex education. The ceremony is presided over by a Nini Pangeuyeuk, or a woman who is familiar with this ceremony and is often a Sundanese make-up artist. Not everyone is allowed to attend this ceremony, only the bride and groom, their closest family and parents have a special role. Not only that, a girl, a teenager who has not yet experienced puberty, and an adult woman who has never been married are also not allowed to attend this ceremony. Through this ritual, the bride and groom are expected to realize the philosophy of 'Kawas Gula Jeung Peuet' which literally means 'like sugar with ripe sap'. This proverb describes a harmonious life, loving each other and avoiding disputes as much as possible.

Munggahan is a tradition in Cidarangdan village the day before the month of Ramadhan. Munggahan is an activity to gather with family to cook special food eaten with family and share with neighborn and forgive each other among family members and neighborn. This study aims to determine the urf perspective on the uploading tradition in Cidarangdan village by using urf analysis. The type of research that the researcher uses is descriptive qualitative research in the form of written or spoken words from one of the sources from residents in Cidarangdan village, with observation and interview techniques collecting data. The results of the interview show that the uploading activity has been going on for a long time in Cidarangdan village and it is not know who exactly brought the tradition, but the tradition has existed for a long time and has been passed down from generation to generation. The munggahan tradisi is consideret a positive activity because it strengthens friendship, sharing, caring for each other, and forgiving each other's past mistakes before the month of Ramadhan. The conclusion of this research is that the munggahan tradition is seen from the urf aspect, it is a kind of urf shahih that does not conflict with the Qur'an, hadis dan logic.

The ruwatan tradition teaches us as cultured humans to be responsible for preserving nature and everything in it. In this tradition, human dignity is increased in various efforts to foster harmony between communities, based on the belief that these efforts are beneficial for all of us. Ruwatan itself comes from the word ruwat which means free or free. Ruwatan is a ceremony carried out to eliminate the impact that can take the form of bad luck, keep away all the bad possibilities that can occur if someone is one of the people who must be treated. From the research that has been carried out, it shows that the Ruwatan Bumi traditional ceremony in Karangpetir Village, Tambak District, Banyumas Regency has existed since the era of the Mataram kingdom, because Tambak is the territory of the kingdom. This tradition is preserved by traditional Javanese society. Ruwatan bumi does not only contain spiritual magical function values, but also has social function values to strengthen human relations. The progress of civilization in the era of globalization as it is today does not dampen the enthusiasm of residents in Karangpetir Village, Tambak District, Banyumas Regency to continue to preserve one of the kejawen traditions. So that this tradition can be allowed istihsan.

Banners are one of the promotional media, which are currently popular and contain a series of messages aimed at one-to-many communication, slogans or other information and are intended for the general public. At first glance, one of these printing products plays an important role, especially since every event requires its presence. It feels incomplete if holding an event without this one object, it could even be that the activity is not optimal. Its use is now well known in all aspects of life. For example, for announcements or appeals to support recitations or any activities at the mosque. This study aims to determine the community's perspective on the use of banners in this recitation event by using istihsan analysis. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection using interviews / interviews and observation. The subjects of this research are several residents in Cisaranten village. The conclusion of this study is that the use of banners in recitation activities is seen from the istihsan aspect, this is a type of istihsan with Nash.

Keywords: banners, recitation, istihsan..

The tradition of bathing flowers for new motorbikes or cars in Galumpit village with the aim of getting blessings, benefits and a form of gratitude for the sustenance from Allah SWT. This tradition begins with the gathering of relatives, residents, thanksgiving, prayer readings, the the main procession of bathing the vehicle accompanied by saweran in the form of coins. This study uses descriptive qualitative research, to collect data by means of interviews and observations. The research subject is one of the residents of Galumpit village, namely Mrs.Dewi and Mr. Ustadz. The conslusion of this study is that this flower bathing activity is considered a good habit and does'nt deviate from the syara' law and has also been widely carried out by local people and wether they want to take a flower bath or not depends on their respective beliefs because the goal is to get blessings and benefits from Allah SWT. So that this tradition can be allowed 'Urf.

Melalui kegiatan pembelajaran dalam bentuk tatap muka, diskusi, tanya jawab, mahasiswa dapat: 1. Menjelaskan definisi tipe-tipe kepemimpinan; 2. Membedakan tipe kepemimpinan dengan gaya kepemimpinan 3. Menjelaskan macam-macam tipe kepemimpinan (ciri-ciri, keunggulan, kelemahan dan implementasinya.

Melalui kegiatan pembelajaran dalam bentuk tatap muka, diskusi, tanya jawab, mahasiswa dapat: 1. Menjelaskan definisi gaya-gaya kepemimpinan; 2. Menjelaskan macam-macam gaya kepemimpinan (ciri-ciri, keunggulan, kelemahan dan implementasinya).

Melalui pengalaman belajar dalam bentuk tatap muka, diskusi, dan tanya jawab, mahasiswa dapat: 1. Memahami dan menjelaskan definisi kepemimpinan 2. Memahami dan menjelaskan unsur-unsur dan syarat kepemimpinan 3. Memahami dan menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan kepemimpinan 4. Memahami dan menjelaksan fungsi pemimpin 5. Memahami dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor kepemimpinan 6. Memahami dan menjelaskan pandangan Islam tentang kepemimpinan

Capaian Pembelajaran (CP) Capaian Pembelajaran Lulus Program Studi: CPS-01 Bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan mampu menunjukkan sikap religius. CPS-03 Berkontribusi dalam peningkatan mutu kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, bernegara, dan kemajuan peradaban berdasarkan Pancasila. CPS-04 Berperan sebagai warga negara yang bangga dan cinta tanah air, memiliki nasionalisme serta rasa tanggung jawab pada negara dan bangsa. CPS-07 Taat hukum dan disiplin dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara. CPP-11 Menguasai landasan filosofis, yuridis, historis, sosiologis, kultural, psikologis, dan empiris dalam penyelenggaraanpendidikan dan pembelajaran PAI (Pendidikan Agama Islam). CKU-01 Mampu menerapkan pemikiran logis, kritis, sistematis, dan inovatif dalam kontek pengembangan atau implementasi ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang memperhatikan dan menerapkan nilai humaniora yang sesuai dengan bidang keahliannya. CKU-05 Mampu mengambil keputusan secara tepat, dalam konteks penyelasaian masalah di bidang keahliannya berdasarkan hasil analisis informasi dan data. CKU-12 Mampu berkolaborasi dalam team, menunjukkan kemampuan kreatif (creativity skill), inovatif (innovation skill), berpikir kritis (critical thinking) dan pemecahan masalah (problem solving skill) dalam pengembangan keilmuan dan pelaksanaan tugas di dunia kerja: CKK-01 Mampu menerapkan kurikulum mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di sekolah/madrasah sesuai dengan prosedur dan prinsip-prinsip dalam pengembangan kurikulum.

Uji ini membantu memperoleh kemungkinan yang eksak akan munculnya data yang ada dalam observasi kita dibawah H0. Selain itu, kita tidak memerlukan asumsi kenormalan dan juga homogenitas varian. Dengan persyaratan-persyaratan tertentu, uji ini merupakan uji nonparametrik yang paling kuat di antara yang lain, dan dapat digunakan apabila pengukurannya sedemikian rupa sehingga harga skor bermakna numerik. Dengan kata lain, Untuk uji randomisasi dilakukan untuk menguji perbedaan rata-rata nilai numerik dua populasi berdasarkan rata-rata nilai dua sampel berpasangan, dengan cara melihat kemungkinan yang pasti akan munculnya data yang ada dalam penelitian berdasarkan Ho.

Uji Walsh adalah metode statistik non-parametrik alternatif untuk paired-t test. Tes yang dikembangkan oleh Walsh ini digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan skor pada dua sampel yang berhubungan. Tes ini berasumsi bahwa dua sampel tersebut diambil dari populasi simetris, namun tidak harus berasal dari populasi yang sama dan memiliki distribusi normal. Populasi dikatakan simetris apabila mean dari setiap populasi akurat menggambarkan harga tengah, dan sama dengan median (Siegel, 1986 dan Mc.Cuen, 2003). Uji Walsh dapat kita aplikasikan dengan memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut: a) dua sampel berpasangan bersifat kontinyu dan simetris; b) pengukuran sekurang-kurangnya dalam skala interval; dan c) jumlah sampel atau N ≤ 15 (Cohen & Holiday, 1996 dan Siegel, 1986). Kelebihan dari Uji Walsh adalah asumsi pembatasnya hanya diperlukan populasi/sampel yang simetris, selain itu juga uji ini lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan Uji Tanda (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1978). Kekurangan dari Uji Walsh adalah tidak dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis sampel lebih dari 15 (Coshall, 1989). Untuk menggunakan Tes Walsh, harus didapatkan selisih skor dari masing-masing pasangan (di), kemudian diurutkan sehingga didapatkan d1 adalah selisih terendah dan dn adalah selisih terbesar (d1≤d2≤d3≤.....≤dn).

Uji Wilcoxon merupakan penyempurnaan dari uji tanda (sign test). Nama Wilcoxon mengikuti nama Frank Wilcoxon. Yang membedakan uji Wilcoxon dengan Uji Tanda adalah bila pada uji tanda, besarnya selisih nilai angka antara yang berinisial positif dan negative tidak diperhitungkan, maka pada uji Wilcoxon skor-skor tersebut menjadi diperhitungkan. Sebagaimana pada Uji Tanda, uji Wilcoxon digunakan pada dua sampel berpasangan dengan jenis data merupakan data dengan sekala ordinal (jenjang).

Sign Test digunakan untuk uji komparatif dari dua kondisi yang berbeda untuk dua sampel yang berpasangan, bila data berskala ordinal. Uji ini dinamakan uji tanda (sign test) karena data yang dianalisis dinyatakan dalam bentuk tanda-tanda, yaitu tanda positif dan negatif. Jadi, dalam hal ini tidak menanyakan berapa pengaruhnya secara kuantitatif, tetapi hanya pernyataan mempunyai pengaruh positif atau negatif. Untuk sampel yang kecil (n<25) pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip sebaran Binomial dengan p = q = 0,5.

This study aims to describe the process of implementing the seren taun tradition, the social and cultural values contained in it, and to find out the process of inheriting social and cultural values in the seren taun tradition. Data collection was carried out. This research used a qualitative approach research method which is included in the type of library research, where the data were collected from various sources of literature (books, scientific journals, and so on). Collecting data in this study the authors collected books, articles, journals, and so on. The data analysis of this research is that all the data that has been collected is researched and analyzed to produce a picture as an understanding of the study under study. The results of this study indicate that the seren taun tradition is an expression of gratitude for the Sundanese people which is carried out every year while hoping that their agricultural output in the coming year will increase. The process of implementing the seren taun tradition consists of three stages, namely damar sewu, dadung party, and buyung dance. In the celebration of the seren taun tradition, it contains positive values for humans and their culture. The social and cultural values contained in the seren taun tradition in Cigugur Village include the value of togetherness, the value of unity, the value of mutual cooperation, the value of religiosity reflected in the collective prayer carried out by the Cigugur community consisting of various religious followers, the value of cultural preservation, mutual respect, and mutual respect for each other. The process of inheriting the social and cultural values of the Seren taun tradition can be carried out through the family, society and the mass media.

Culture / tradition is the result of human thought which is a source of trust from a particular community which aims to take the goodness of that tradition, one of which is; the tradition of kissing the teacher's hand among students is a very good tradition, students learn how to respect teachers and elders. In this research, the writer aims to know the tradition of kissing the teacher's hand among the students at Al-Muawwanah Islamic Boarding School Kp. Central Tegal Ds. Cangkuang Kec. Rancaekek Kab. Bandung. The type of research that researchers use is descriptive qualitative research, in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The purpose of using qualitative research is to understand social phenomena, through a holistic picture and multiply deep understanding. After the researcher observed and interviewed, the tradition of kissing the teacher's hand among the students at the Al-Muawwanah Islamic Boarding School Kp. Central Tegal Ds. Cangkuang Kec. Rancaekek Kab. Bandung is an obligation that must be carried out by all students learning the Koran. The tradition of kissing the teacher's hand is a good tradition at any time, besides bringing blessings, students will be accustomed to kissing the teacher's hand and to older people. Because in essence, students can recite the Koran because of a teacher Keyword: Santri, the tradition of kissing the teacher's hand, 'Urf ABSTRAK Budaya merupakan hasil buah pikir manusia yang menjadi sumber kepercayaan dari suatu komunitas tertentu yang bertujuan untuk mengambil kebaikan-kebaikan dari tradisi tersebut. Salah satunya adalah tradisi cium tangan guru dikalangan santri merupakan tradisi yang sangat mulia, dimana santri di didik bagaimana cara menghormati kepada guru dan orang tua. Dalam penelitian ini penulis bertujuan untuk mengetahui tradisi cium tangan guru dikalangan santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Muawwanah Kp. Tegal Tengah Ds. Cangkuang Kec. Rancaekek Kab. Bandung. Jenis penelitian yang peneliti gunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif .yaitu berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati.Tujuan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif adalah untuk memahami fenomena sosial, melalui gambaran holistik dan memperbanyak pemahaman yang mendalam. Setelah peneliti observasi dan interview, tradisi cium tangan guru dikalangan santri yang ada di Pondok Pesantren Al-Muawwanah merupakan sebuah kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan oleh semua santri yang belajar. Tradisi cium tangan ini merupakan tradisi yang baik dimana santri selalu menjaga adab terhadap semua gurunya. Disamping mendatangkan keberkahan ilmu, santri akan terlatih dan terbiasa mencium tangan guru dan orang tua. Karena pada hakikatnya santri bisa mengaji karena adanya sosok seorang guru.

Banyak definisi para ahli tentang kerangka pemikiran. Dari semua pendapat yang ada kita dapat menarik beberapa pemahaman tentang apa yang disebut kerangka pemikiran, sebagai berikut: 1. Kerangka pemikiran merupakan deskripsi konseptual tentang gejala-gejala pada objek penelitian atau masalah yang diteliti didasarkan kepada tinjauan pustaka dan/atau hasil-hasil penelitian yang relevan. 2. Dalam penelitian tertentu, kerangka pemikiran merupakan garis-garis besar alur logika jalannya penelitian yang dapat digambarkan dalam bentuk diagram/skema penelitian yang di dalamnya menjelaskan katerkaitan antarvariabel penelitian. 3. Kerangka pemikiran membantu peneliti dalam merancang dan menetapkan hipotesis penelitian. 4. Kerangka pemikiran memiliki sebutan yang bervariasi: kerangka konsep, kerangka teoretis, model teoretis. Dengan demikian, gambaran praktis tentang kerangka pemikiran dapat diilustrasikan sebagai berikut: B. Kegunaan dan Manfaat Kerangka Pemikiran Masuknya kerangka pemikiran dalam dokumen (proposal) penelitian bukan merupakan hal yang wajib. Akan tetapi karena kerangka pemikiran dapat memberikan manfaat yang berharga bagi para pembaca pada saat membaca penelitian dalam memahami alur, teori dan konsep yang mendasari penelitian pada tahap awal, maka banyak para ahli penelitian menyarankan untuk memasukkan kerangka pemikiran sebagai bagian dari dokumen penelitian.

Ebook ini adalah versi terjemah The Everything Kids Learning Activities. Memuat berbagai kegiatan menarik dan ramah anak yang bisa dilakukan oleh anak-anak bersama orangtua sebagai kegiatan yang menyenangkan sambil meningkatkan kemampuan anak mulai dari bidang bahasa, sains hingg sosial.
Semoga bermanfaat!

*Matematika untuk Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini*
Mengajarkan matematika pada anak usia dini, bukanlah hal yang mudah... akan tetapi bukan berarti itu sulit. Ebook ini mengupas tuntas bagaimana konsep matematika menjadi lebih faimiliar bagi kalangan anak-anak.
Semoga bermanfaat.

Memahami hadis bukan hanya sekedar bahwa suatu hadis adalah sabda Nabi, akan tetapi jauh dibalik itu diperlukan kecerdasan dan literasi terhadap proses, cara, perjalanan, sejarah sehingga hadis tersebut bisa sampai ke tangan kita dengan label shahih, atau dhaif.
Jarak yang membentang 1400 tahun, telah membuktikan kehebatan tradisi keilmuan (Islam) bagaimana para pioner dan ulama telah berhasil menyusun metode dan epistemologi tentang penerimaan, penyaringan, penyampaian dan pengambilan keputusan tentang informasi yang dibatasi waktu yang jauh namun terjamin keasliannya. Subhanallah!
Semoga ringkasan ini bermanfaat!

Buku ini diterjemahkan dari buku teks perkuliahan "Political Ideologies and Worldview: an Introduction". Merupakan buku dasar tentang pengenalan terhadap ideologi-ideologi yang berkembang sejak awal hingga sekarang, serta pengaruhnya terhadap bidang politik khususnya dan bidang-bidang lain.
Semoga bermanfaat.

ebook ini menjelaskan pengantar memasuki logika dengan pendekatan contoh-contoh sehingga memudahkan pembaca untuk memahami. Dua bidang ilmu logika dikupas, logika formal dan logika informal sekaligus menguliti berbagai kekeliruan-kekeliruan dalam berlogika (fallacy).
Semoga bermanfaat.

Di kalangan para guru dan pendidik, taksonomi Bloom adalah Rukun Pedagogis, yang akan ditemukan dalam setiap aktivitas pengajaran dan penilaian. Meski demikian, pemahaman kita tentangnya kebanyakan bersumber dari orang kedua (the second hand). Termasuk ketika Anderson dan kawan-kawan melakukan revisi, kebanyakan kita mendapatnya dari seminar-seminar dan buku-buku orang kedua.
ebook ini diterjemahkan dari versi singkat Taksonomi Anderson, et.al. dan saya persembahkan untuk kawan-kawan semua. Semoga bermanfaat!

Segala puji bagi Allah, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan buku ajar. Tak lupa juga mengucapkan salawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW, karena berkat beliau, kita mampu keluar dari kegelapan menuju jalan yang lebih terang.

Buku ini menjelaskan 7 pilar-pilar kepemimpinan digital dalam dunia pendidikan. Berisi teori, motivasi, tips dan kisah-kisah sukses penerapan teknologi dan informasi dalam dunia pendidikan di Amerika.
Banyak yang dapat diambil dari buku ini dan diterapkan di lembaga pendidikan di tanah air, intinya hanya satu: "Jangan Takut Berubah!"

Buku ini disiapkan oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan buku pendidikan yang bermutu, murah, dan merata sesuai dengan amanat dalam UU No. 3 Tahun 2017. Buku ini digunakan secara terbatas pada Sekolah Penggerak. Buku ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi serta Kementerian Agama. Buku ini merupakan dokumen hidup yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan yang  ialamatkan kepada penulis atau melalui alamat surel buku@kemdikbud.go.id diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini.

Buku ini disiapkan oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan buku pendidikan yang bermutu, murah, dan merata sesuai dengan amanat dalam UU No. 3 Tahun 2017. Buku ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. Buku ini merupakan dokumen hidup yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan yang dialamatkan kepada penulis atau melalui alamat surel buku@kemdikbud.go.id diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini.

Buku ini disiapkan oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan buku pendidikan yang bermutu, murah, dan merata sesuai dengan amanat dalam UU No. 3 Tahun 2017. Buku ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. Buku ini merupakan dokumen hidup yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan yang dialamatkan kepada penulis atau melalui alamat surel buku@kemdikbud.go.id diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini.

Buku ini disiapkan oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan buku pendidikan yang bermutu, murah, dan merata sesuai dengan amanat dalam UU No. 3 Tahun 2017. Buku ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. Buku ini merupakan dokumen hidup yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan yang dialamatkan kepada penulis atau melalui alamat surel buku@kemdikbud.go.id diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini.

Buku ini disiapkan oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan buku pendidikan yang bermutu, murah, dan merata sesuai dengan amanat dalam UU No. 3 Tahun 2017. Buku ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. Buku ini merupakan dokumen hidup yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan yang dialamatkan kepada penulis atau melalui alamat surel buku@kemdikbud.go.id diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini.

Buku ini disiapkan oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan buku pendidikan yang bermutu, murah, dan merata sesuai dengan amanat dalam UU No. 3 Tahun 2017. Buku ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. Buku ini merupakan dokumen hidup yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan yang dialamatkan kepada penulis atau melalui alamat surel buku@kemdikbud.go.id diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini.

Kajian tentang diri dan kepribadian tentu saja merupakan kajian sepanjang hayat dan berkesinambungan, selama manusia dan kemanusiaannya terus bertahan di bumi ini. Persoalan-persoalan kejiwaan dan psikis manusia memang merupakan ‘hidangan’ menyegarkan. Bahkan Islam sendiri memiliki adagium yang sangat provokatif terkait dengan ini, yaitu: “man ‘arafa nafsah faqad ‘arafa rabbah’ (barang siapa yang mengenal diri (jiwa)-nya sendiri, maka dia akan mengenal Tuhannya). Sepertinya tidak berlebihan kalua kajian tentang jiwa merupakan bidang ilmu yang disyariatkan dalam Islam.