Google

Como se recoge en el título del trabajo, su finalidad es la de especificar los estudios relacionados con el periodismo en Internet además de los elementos que configuran y determinan la comunicación de estos nuevos medios. Las investigaciones sobre periodismo en Internet y Nuevas Tecnologías aplicadas a la comunicación versan sobre diferentes temas, aunque no todos han sido investigados con la misma profundidad. Una situación que provoca la existencia de cuestiones especialmente analizadas, frente a otras que no lo son.

Por ello se hacía necesario realizar una investigación básica que definiese las áreas temáticas que poseen más estudios, así como aquellos aspectos sobre las nuevas tecnologías y el periodismo que aún no han sido examinados. De esta forma se pueden presentar nuevas y futuras investigaciones, evaluando sus debilidades y fortalezas. Además, para ofrecer una visión más completa del estudio inicial en cuestión, no sólo se han recogido las publicaciones que hasta el momento hay sobre esta temática, sino que se ha ampliado el objetivo del trabajo. Por ello, he procedido a la lectura de algunas de las publicaciones encontradas, para conocer los datos más relevantes y las características que configuran el periodismo en Internet, así como sus consecuencias.

As a result of latest breakthroughs in technology and dehumanizing efforts, recent developments in artificial intelligence technologies have gained momentum. In particular, the research and development processes related to the proficiency of artificial intelligence in deep learning are being financed by the public and private sectors and an attempt is being made to accelerate the development of deep learning technologies in this direction. These developments in machine learning algorithms offer new ways to manage customer relationships for companies. A chatbot is a chat tool that based on a machine learning algorithm which interacts with people and communicate with them in a natural language on a specific topic. (Huang, 2007) Beginning to use Chatbot services, which emerged as a result of information and communication technologies, in the customer relations services by businesses, makes machine learning algorithms a commercial feature. After Facebook Messenger allowed developers to place Chatbots on their platform in 2016, the number of active Chatbots in the application has exceeded the number of three hundred thousand according to the May 2018 data.

Based on the assumption of using Chatbots in customer relationships may caused different reflections on customers; a research were conducted on the attitudes and perceptions of users in different age groups. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen people selected from purposive sampling method among different age groups and the obtained information was shared under the findings of the paper.

In this thesis, I have examined whether the current approach to competition policy is suitable for the distinct characteristics of the digital economy. It is particularly difficult to define the relevant market and rely on market share test as a proxy for market power in the digital economy mainly because of its dynamic nature. As the market boundaries shift so rapidly in dynamic markets, having a static perspective when defining the relevant market might fall short when assessing competitive constraints that an undertaking may face in the near future. In this regard, this thesis calls for a change in the traditional assessment of market power, and it proposes to replace the relevant market/market share paradigm with a more economic effects-based method, such as estimating the elasticity of residual demand. By doing so, competition authorities can assess competitive constraints from a broader perspective without necessarily being limited to a particular relevant market or any formalistic structure.

In order to identify the most suitable way to assess market power in the digital economy, this thesis is structured as follows. Chapter II explains what digital economy is, how it emerged, and what makes it different from the rest of the economy by identifying its distinguishing characteristics. After providing an overview of the digital economy, Chapter III gives more theoretical insight to the concept of market power. First, it explains the importance of market power within the social market economy. In the second part, it introduces various definitions of market power as provided by different institutions and scholars, describing the defining characteristics of these definitions afterwards. Having explained the concept of market power, Chapter IV focuses on how market power is assessed. By doing so, it explains not only the traditional indirect assessment of market power, but also the direct assessment of the latter. After clarifying what the digital economy is, as well as the concept of market power and how it is assessed, Chapter V evaluates the suitability of current understanding of market power in the digital economy. Then it explains what the challenges of assessing market power in the digital economy are when applying conventional techniques. In the light of these findings, it finally suggests a blueprint of how to assess market power in the digital economy. Lastly, Chapter VI provides the summary of findings and the final conclusion.

En primer lugar, el estudio señala la percepción libertaria que marcó el origen de internet y explica no pocos fenómenos actuales. Se indican los diversos movimientos sociales y los conflictos que habitualmente se generan, así como su traducción jurídica. Se exponen también algunas divergencias importantes entre España y Europa y Estados Unidos. En segundo lugar, se pretende reafirmar que la libertad de expresión e información no queda reservada a tradicionales medios de comunicación –si es que hoy días los hay-. Se señalan los peligros que implica para las libertades informativas esta negativa inercia. Frente esta corriente, se sostiene que, “por defecto”,  la libertad de expresión e información se generaliza a toda difusión de ideas, opiniones e informaciones de interés público que se lleve a cabo tanto por grandes prestadores de servicios o intermediarios de internet cuanto por los los miles de millones de usuarios. La clave reside esencialmente en la especial protección constitucional de los contenidos de interés público y esta condición no viene determinada por el sujeto que los produce o los difunde. De igual modo, se aboga por el reconocimiento a los grandes prestadores e intermediarios de la garantía institucional que tradicionalmente ha reforzado hasta la fecha a los medios de comunicación. En tercer lugar, se recuerda que los tribunales europeos no han afrontado la libertad de expresión e información en internet hasta fechas recientes. En todo caso, se analizan las líneas jurisprudenciales tanto del TJUE cuanto del TEDH. Se llama especialmente la atención sobre la decisión del TEDH de 2013 en el caso Delfi vs. Estonia en materia de responsabilidad por contenidos ilícitos en internet. Queda pendiente la sentencia definitiva de la Gran Sala. En cuarto lugar, se analiza la sentencia del caso Google vs. España sobre el derecho al olvido de 2014 y sus posibles consecuencias. Se critica especialmente que dicha sentencia “olvida” la libertad de expresión e información en internet. Esta sentencia unida al caso Delfi pueden suponer un giro hacia un internet más controlado, con importantes consecuencias para la libertad de expresión. Se sostiene que el legislador no puede eludir más su responsabilidad y dejar totalmente en manos de los tribunales estas cuestiones. En las conclusiones del estudio se señalan los temas claves que habrían de ser regulados en Europa y en España respecto de las libertades en internet en los próximos años. No obstante, el autor no tiene excesiva confianza en que tal regulación se adopte o, en su caso, produzca los efectos deseados.

This is a book review of Ethan Katsh and Orna Rabinovich-Einy's Digital Justice: Technology and the Internet of Disputes. According to Katsh and Rabinovich-Einy, "disputes... are the collateral damage of innovation." While that may be true, it is also true that we do not all share the same risk of becoming collateral damage and that we do not share equally in the spoils of innovation. While the online dispute resolution approach championed in Digital Justice holds great promise for improving procedural justice in commercial and institutional transactions, its idealization of technology makes it unsuitable for resolving anti-social interactions facilitated by social media. The internet is currently overrun with violence, threats, revenge porn, propaganda, and conspiracy theories. These conflicts, which disproportionately burden women and racial, religious, and sexual minorities, are facilitated by powerful tech corporations with little incentive to pour their considerable resources into eliminating them. Resolving or preventing these disputes requires the rejection of technological determinism and engagement with the reality of consent, power, labor, and compromised intermediaries.

This study aimed to learn the morphology accessory glands of male reproductive of pangolin by macroanatomy. Male reproductive organs of a pangolin were used in this study. Morphometric observations included measurements of length, diameter/width of the accesoriae gland were analyzed descriptively. Results of microscopic observation showed that the vesicularis glands had a pair laid at the base of the ampulla dexter and sinister that led to the urethra in the form of an enlarged conical with the width at the caudal and protruding toward ventrad, with the average length and thickness is 1.07 cm and 0.41 cm. There was prostata when the conical structure met both, observed enlargement of the base of the urethra were also prominent in the direction ventrad. The length and thickness of the prostata pangolin was 1.17 cm and 0.54 cm. In macroanatomy gland bulbourethralis not visible because it was covered by muscles and glands in the radix penis is attached to the anales gland. Accessory gland of the male reproductive pangolin consists vesikularis glands, prostate and bulbourethralis glands (Cowper's) play an important role in the reproduction process that is vesicularis and prostate gland as a producer of seminal plasma, whereas bulbourethralis glands act as a producer of seminal plasma as well as rinse of urethra channel.

... of meanings between both worlds through visual properties that creates new sub-culture, which is Real life “virtual” sub-culture. ... [3] Hall, Stuart, 1997. ... Bahasa Rupa; Prasejarah, Newton sampai Einstein dan Relevansinya pada Kebudayaan Kontemporer, Bandung, Indonesia. ...

Oggi troppi giornalisti si fanno condizionare dalla SEO, contravvenendo non solo alle regole del giornalismo “di una volta” ma anche al buon senso. Certo, occorre conoscerla per farne un buon uso e per potersi difendere da eventuali manipolazioni. Però non deve diventare la bussola per decidere cosa pubblicare.

Link: https://www.agendadigitale.eu/cultura-digitale/il-giornalismo-nella-morsa-del-seo-ecco-perche-ora-i-topic-valgono-piu-della-notizia/

We are in the middle of a perfect storm that has brought together the chaos and disruption of the Digital Age,  the final stages of the Only Money Matters Cycle, and all three variations of Spiral Dynamics' Large-Scale change. This paper examines the trials and tribulations of our socioeconomic journey to second tier values and the corrective actions that organizations and cultures must take to ensure our survival and eventual blossoming into second tier ecosystems.

Firewall adalah sebuah sistem atau perangkat yang mengizinkan lalu lintas jaringan yang dianggap aman untuk melaluinya dan mencegah lalu lintas jaringan yang tidak aman. Firewall umumnya juga digunakan untuk mengontrol akses terhadap siapa saja yang memiliki akses terhadap jaringan pribadi dari pihak luar. Saat ini, istilah firewall menjadi istilah umum yaitu pada sistem yang mengatur komunikasi antar dua jaringan yang berbeda. Cara Kerja AVS Firewall AVS Firewall adalah sebuah aplikasi untuk melindungi file kita dari program yang tidak kita ketahui, memblokir pop-up, memantau koneksi internet, dan lain sebagainya. Program ini juga akan mengirimkan pemberitahuan ke desktop kita dengan aktifitas internet. Untuk menjalankan proses instalasi, dianjurkan agar menonaktifkan semua aplikasi firewall dan anti virus. Dan setelah instalasi selesai, pastikan me-restart komputer. Gambar 1 : AVS Firewall Scheme AVS Firewall memberikan kita akses ke berbagai tools yang akan membantu kita mengamankan komputer dari utilitas berbahaya, memblokir iklan online, menawarkan laporan rinci dengan aktifitas internet, dan lain-lain. Kita juga dapat memilih untuk diberitahu setiap kali

In 1597 Francis Bacon claimed, “Knowledge is power”. For today,
Google has become the preeminent steward of the knowledge,
information and power (Stross, 2009: p. 2). Google has started its
operation in 1998, and since the begging of the 20th century became a
prominent and irreplaceable space of information source for the whole
population (Stross, 2009: p.1-3). This ultimate utility search engine has
absolutely changed the culture of information perception. Thanks to the
invention of Google, it became elementary to find, or “to google”, any
information from the web. The following essay is going to discover the
nature and aims of Google. In addition to that, it is going to analyse the
advatages and disadvatanges of the Google’s services and how its
extensive power influences the current society. Particularly, the
following essay is going to consider two controversial arguments. On
the one hand, it is going to look on whether the existance of Google
creates threats to the current society by being too powerful in terms of
its access to information and its capability to curate and control the
culture and the perception of knowledge. On the another hand, the
essay is going to examine whether Google is a benefitial extension of
the knowledge and democracy and what impacts it brings to the Web
2.0 society.

Ia tidak membenarkan atau membolehkan akses dari pelbagai domain. Anda tidak boleh ‘log-in’ dengan menggunakan akaun Gmail peribadi anda, anda perlu ‘log-in’ dengan menggunakan ‘Google Apps for education’. Ini akan mengecewakan anda kerana memerlukan ID dan password baharu.

A short meditation on Revelation 2:12-17
Pergamum church was faithful is spite of trials and suffering, and evildoers people. They hold fast the name of Christ and continued to witness but few things they needed to improve. We are good but in some areas the word of telling us to repent from evildoers. Hope you will be bless as you read this short sermon.

Il 5 dicembre 2017 il robot AlphaZero ha vinto ripetutamente  contro Stockfish, il (fino a quel momento) migliore giocatore automatico di scacchi - più precisamente, il Top Chess Engine Championship del 2016. AlphaZero è un algoritmo di deep-learning: invece di valutare tutte le possibilità del tavolo per decidere la mossa migliore, il robot parte da una tabula rasa, su cui vengono inserite solo le regole fondamentali del gioco, dato che AlphaZero si auto-insegna la strategia affrontando innumerevoli partite contro sé stesso. Ci sono volute solo ventiquattro ore perché il robot fosse in grado di giocare a un livello «sovrumano» e superasse ogni giocatore mai esistito, umano o computerizzato. I creatori di AlphaZero sono ricercatori presso DeepMind, azienda gestita da Alphabet Inc., a sua volta società madre di Google. Anche Google usa degli algoritmi di apprendimento, che si nutrono delle informazioni fornite dagli utenti, le quali vanno a formare i cosiddetti Big Data, vale a dire enormi quantità di dati all'interno dei quali vengono identificati dei trend in grado di spiegare «come agiremo di qui a poco». Come AlphaZero diventa un giocatore migliore dopo ogni partita giocata contro sé stesso, Google (ma anche le altre «techno-corporation») crea un profilo sempre più preciso di ogni suo utente ogni volta che tale utente fa uso di un suo servizio (dal motore di ricerca, alle mappe, all'indirizzo email). Il modo in cui techno-corporation come Google, Facebook, Amazon, Airbnb e «altre decine di piattaforme che utilizziamo sempre» raccolgono e usano i nostri dati è un tema centrale nel Manuale di Nicola Zamperini, ma più centrale ancora è la riflessione sul bassissimo livello di consapevolezza che l'utente medio ha di questo processo. Il volume di Zamperini è una chiamata alla presa di coscienza in primis riguardo al fatto che nelle transazioni quotidiane con le techno-corporation noi da una parte riceviamo servizi, ma dall’altra siamo anche la «materia prima». La disobbedienza, o meglio l’imprevedibilità, viene presentata come caratteristica fondamentalmente umana e incomprensibile a un computer. Zamperini propone di sfruttarla a nostro vantaggio per confondere gli algoritmi di apprendimento: incita alla «diserzione», a inserire di proposito l’errore, e suggerisce di «praticare gesti di follia a casaccio, momenti di imprevedibilità digitale e inversioni di rotta non programmate».

In day today life the utilization of power turns to be necessary for each work .The power delivered in this paper will not contaminate the surroundings and it is also will not to rely upon the climate conditions. The paper proposes a novel technique for the creation of power utilizing piezoelectric sensors kept along the footpaths which can ready to charge the battery and ready to supply the force at whatever time of our prerequisite. The footstep power generation technique through piezoelectric sensors produces electrical force by changing mechanical energy of the development of individuals on the floor to electrical energy. The benefits of piezoelectric force generation framework is that it is sheltered and secure to utilize, it doesn't make any issue or distress for the general population strolling through footpath, and it is absolutely chance free strategy. Footstep power generation technique has mechanical part and in addition electrical part, however the electrical and mechanical losses are negligible. This framework additionally has the ability to store the electrical force away battery. The power produced by this technique can be utilized for helping up the road lights, additionally for activity reason, sign boards of streets. At long last the force which will be abandoned can be given to national grid for power reason.

Although much has been written regarding Internet theory, there is still work to be done exploring the nature of lived experience online to assess the validity of such theoretical discussion. This ethnographic research explores the relationship between online and offline experience, the process of online community creation, and tensions between self-promotion and community endeavour, focusing on a group of Hip-Hop musicians on the website Soundcloud. 

Being disembodied from those day-to-day activities that have long created community cohesion and powered the process of enculturation means that online community formation differs from its offline counterpart. Websites such as Soundcloud provide an important locus for musicians to create knowledge-exchange networks, collaborate on musical ventures, and by the sharing of compositions involve themselves in collective musical exploration. However, a key question is whether such connections lead to the creation of social bonds. This research sought to evaluate the extent of communal processes on Soundcloud through ethnographic research and extended discussions with twenty users, aiming to discover whether their actions are driven commercially by the desire for promotion or by shared, communal goals.

The findings reveal a surprising depth of community and local identity online, with users regular meeting offline to compose and organizing concerts to create live performance opportunities. Musicians are also coming together to create independent labels to help promote their music as collectives, and developing music deeply rooted in local sounds. This combination of high levels of online communication, and an ongoing process of organization and performance offline initiates a move from connections to the formation of social bonds and the building of offline friendships and communities based around Soundcloud as an online hub.

While previous digital ethnomusicology has focused on online experience, this preliminary research illustrates the importance of an integrative approach that considers both the online and the offline worlds.

Evidence identification, extraction and analysis are crucial in the field of digital forensics and security at large. Evidence credibility, integrity and admissibility can help in deciding whether a criminal will be refuted or charged in a law court. One of the founts through which evidence is mined is Google chrome. Apart from Explorer, Edge, Firefox, Safari, Opera, UC Browser among many other browsers, Google chrome is one of the leading web browser versions which is compatible with many OS platforms including Android devices. Suspects can exploit web browsers in many ways, for instance by using them to collect information about their targets, to hide their crime as well as to search about new crime methods. Significantly, searching for artefacts left by browsing activities is significant in unearthing these activities. This research aims to establish forensic artefacts left by Google chrome web browser when using History Eraser version 4.8.7.5 extension installed on Google Chrome...

Do people really care about their privacy? Surveys show that privacy is a primary concern for citizens in the digital age. On the other hand, if we look at the way those people behave behave - they reveal personal information for relatively small rewards, often just for drawing the attention of peers in an online social network. This inconsistency between privacy attitudes and privacy behavior is what we referred to as the “privacy paradox”. In this presentation I argue that the concept of the Google Self help us to untangle the privacy paradox.
You can watch the recorded lecture at : https://vimeo.com/474690648/85df5b1037

This book presents the latest research on the challenges and solutions affecting the equilibrium between freedom of speech, freedom of information, information security, and the right to informational privacy. Given the complexity of the topics addressed, the book shows how old legal and ethical frameworks may need to be not only updated, but also supplemented and complemented by new conceptual solutions. Neither a conservative attitude (“more of the same”) nor a revolutionary zeal (“never seen before”) is likely to lead to satisfactory solutions. Instead, more reflection and better conceptual design are needed, not least to harmonise different perspectives and legal frameworks internationally. The focus of the book is on how we may reconcile high levels of information security with robust degrees of informational privacy, also in connection with recent challenges presented by phenomena such as “big data” and security scandals, as well as new legislation initiatives, such as those concerning “the right to be forgotten” and the use of personal data in biomedical research. The book seeks to offer analyses and solutions of the new tensions, in order to build a fair, shareable, and sustainable balance in this vital area of human interactions.

This exploratory paper analyses monetary and power relations between Facebook and news companies by investigating their web traffic sources, social sharing practices and content distribution on Facebook. The paper also seeks to determine the extent to which news companies’ revenue is derived from the platform. This is an ambitious task because news corporations don’t publish any social media related revenue. Similarly, constant tweaks on Facebook algorithms means that the data about news companies news sharing, traffic and potential revenue is constantly changing, and this may distort some findings. Four New Zealand media companies are used as case studies to examine the issue. Two of the companies are news publishers, one a broadcaster and one a digital start-up. The findings of the paper are primarily based on the quantitative analysis of web traffic and social sharing data. In general, academic and industry related reports have concluded that news publishers have become overly reliant on Facebook in terms of news distribution, audience attention and traffic. However, there are contradictory views about the nature and extent of this dependency, and this requires further evaluation.
Social media has become a popular research topic in academia, and the field of research is expanding. Researchers such as Christian Fuchs have extensively analysed social media companies in terms of audience commodification, monetisation and exploitation of digital labour. The Tow Center for Digital Journalism has also examined the power relations between Facebook and news publishers. However, this relationship requires in-depth empirical investigation especially in regard to social sharing and the monetisation of news content on Facebook.
To aid the analysis of relations between Facebook and news companies the concept of platform capitalism is utilised. Platforms make a profit by extraditing large amounts of data from their users and by operating as an intermediary between different user groups, and this business model allows them to control users and set rules for other participants on the platform. With the evidence gathered from the five case studies, the paper will consider the usefulness of the platform capitalism concept in understanding the monetary and power relations between news companies and Facebook.

Référence complète : Frison-Roche, M.-A., Les conséquences régulatoires d'un monde repensé à partir de la notion de "donnée", in Frison-Roche, M.-A. (dir.), Internet, espace d'interrégulation, série "Régulation", Journal of Regulation - Dalloz, 2016, p.183-207.

Lien : http://mafr.fr/fr/article/les-consequences-regulatoires-dun-monde-repensee-a/

Résumé : La première conséquence régulatoire tient au fait que ce que l'on désigne souvent comme "l'objet" de la donnée (la personne, l'entreprise pour la donnée financière, l'économie pour le rating, etc.), n'est que sa source, son "sous-jacent", la donnée étant fabriquée par une entreprise ou par l’État  tandis que son objet est bien plutôt l'usage pour lequel cette donnée a été construite et articulée à d'autres.  La donnée est donc autonome de son sous-jacent, est mise en masses affectées, prend une valeur économique en fonction des désirs qu'en ont ses utilisateurs et ses acheteurs, devient disponible hors du temps et de l'espace dans le numérique. Cela implique une interrégulation spécifique.

Mais la donnée est aussi le Janus du numérique, car, nouvel or noir, pur instrument financier, par nature immatérielle, la donnée conserve pourtant la trace des personnes. Elle la conserve, la met en exergue et en danger. Le Droit peut alors établir de force une indissociabilité entre la donnée et son sous-jacent, pour protéger celui-ci, notamment s'il s'agit d'une personne, ou pour atteindre celui qui utilise l'information.  Cette double-face de la donnée entraîne des chocs de régulations dans Internet. Le cas Safe Harbor l'illustre.

En outre, tout Internet ramène vers l'internaute, dans lequel l'on verrait volontiers "Le Grand Interrégulateur". Mais est-ce si adéquat, légitime et efficace ? Le "consentement," auquel renvoie l'interrégulation assurée par l'internaute lui-même, fait naître le doute. En revanche, sous le vocable déplacé de "droit à l'oubli" se dissimule une arme efficace qui peut frapper ceux qui accaparent les données dans une économie numérique qui semble se constituer dans un mécanisme anté-marché, c'est-à-dire dans une régression qui pulvérise l'autorégulation marchande elle-même pour remplacer les actes juridiques d'échange par des actes juridiques conjonctifs, organisation que pour l'instant le Droit et la Régulation ont bien du mal à appréhender, faute des qualifications juridiques pour ce faire.

Le "droit à l'oubli" requalifié à travers la catégorie des actes conjonctifs serait un premier pas pour satisfaire un objectif de la régulation, assurant à la fois la protection de l'innovation et la protection des personnes, dans un futur qui doit rester toujours ouvert et que nulle puissance économique ou politique ne peut s'approprier.

Traditional, institutionally supported learning management systems (LMSs) provide many features and benefits; however, most LMSs do not provide tools and features that are comparable with emerging learning technologies. In addition, since many LMS products require expensive licensing agreements or support teams, these tools are not necessarily the best models for users who may wish to implement their own online learning initiatives. In this paper, an evaluation of the use of Google Sites and Google+ in place of several LMS components for an online graduate-level course will be reported. Data were gathered from students over multiple offerings of a course that utilized Google tools for information presentation and discussion. Participants provided personal perceptions and reactions to using the Google platform, in general, as well as feedback and comparative opinions between the Google platform and previous experiences using the institutionally supported LMS.

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Oxford University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Quarterly Journal of Economics.

The paper demonstrates the qualitative evaluation of the English to Urdu Machine Translation Systems, namely PBSMT and NMT hosted on Google’s Translate. This system is popularly known as Rosetta, formerly governed by Phrase-based approach and is presently governed by the neural module of source and target languages. In this study, a model corpus set of 100 English sentences has been applied out of 1k cross-domain data considering various types of verbs as input text to evaluate the output of the online systems in Urdu. In order to evaluate the output text in a qualitative manner, the Inter-translator Agreement (IA) of three human translators has been considered with their scores on a five-point scale. The scores are calculated by the Fleiss’ Kappa statistical measure with regard to comprehensibility and grammaticality on the basis of which error analysis and suggestions have been provided for improvement. The Kappa scores of PBSMT for comprehensibility and grammaticality are 0.24 an...

The values that underpin good journalism, the need of citizens for reliable and abundant information, and the importance of such information for a healthy society and a robust democracy: these are perennial, and provide compass-bearings for anyone trying to make sense of current changes across the media landscape.

This paper reports on an investigation into the online visibility of work undertaken in South Africa in the field of poverty alleviation. An experiment with
Google searches was undertaken, motivated by concerns about the visibility of South African research and development work, particularly in a context where social
inequality is extreme and poverty such a critical issue. Aware that much attention – through research and the practice of development work – is being paid to
poverty alleviation1
, the authors set out to examine whether that work could be found easily, and what the nature of the search results would be. Significant sums
of public money are invested in research, which should result in the production and dissemination of locally generated knowledge as a public good grounded in
local realities. A great deal of national and international funding is also spent. Thus, research published online should inform and reflect on national and regional
development practice, while contributing perspectives from the South to the global corpus of poverty research. Research to understand poverty and inform the design
and targeting of poverty alleviation programmes needs to be freely available and actively shared in order for it to accumulate value. In this regard it is argued that
there are exponentially beneficial linkages between research, scholarly publication and social development, which originate with local knowledge production and
are amplified by the availability and discoverability of that research. Availability and discoverability add breadth and depth to the potential use, value and impact
of the knowledge produced