Problems

Section 7-2: Capacitors

P7.2-1
1 t
v (t ) = v ( 0) + i (τ ) dτ
C ∫0
and q = Cv

∫ i (τ ) dτ .
t
In our case, the current is constant so
0

∴ Cv ( t ) = Cv ( 0 ) + i t
q −Cv( 0 ) 150×10 −(15×10 )( 5 )
−6 −6

∴ t= = = 3 ms
i 25×10−3

P7.2-2
12 cos ( 2t + 30° ) = (12 )( −2 ) sin ( 2t + 30° ) = 3cos ( 2t + 120° ) A
d 1d 1
i (t ) = C v (t ) =
dt 8 dt 8

P7.2-3
( 3×10 ) cos ( 500t + 45 ) = C dtd
−3 °
12 cos ( 500t − 45° ) = C (12 )( −500 ) sin ( 500t − 45° )

= C ( 6000 ) cos ( 500t + 45° )

3×10−3 1 1
so C= = ×10−6 = μ F
6×10 3
2 2
P7.2-4
1 t 1
v (t ) = i (τ ) dτ + v ( 0 ) = ∫ i (τ ) dτ − 10
t
∫
−3

C 0 2 × 10−12 0

0 < t < 2 × 10 −9 1
is ( t ) = 0 ⇒ v ( t ) =
t
∫ 0 dτ − 10
−3
= −10−3
2 × 10−12 0

2 × 10−9 < t < 3 × 10−9 is ( t ) = 4 × 10−6 A

−12 ∫2ns (
4 × 10−6 ) dτ − 10−3 = −5 × 10−3 + ( 2 × 106 ) t
1
⇒ v (t ) =
t

2 ×10
In particular, v ( 3 × 10−9 ) = −5 × 10 −3 + ( 2 × 106 ) ( 3 × 10 −9 ) = 10−3
3 × 10 −9 < t < 5 × 10 −9 is ( t ) = −2 × 10−6 A

−12 ∫3ns (
−2 × 10−6 ) dτ + 10−3 = 4 × 10−3 − (106 ) t
1
⇒ v (t ) =
t

2 ×10
In particular, v ( 5 × 10 −9 ) = 4 × 10 −3 − (106 ) ( 5 × 10 −9 ) = −10 −3 V
5 × 10 −9 < t 1
is ( t ) = 0 ⇒ v ( t ) =
t

2 × 10−12 ∫
5ns
0 dτ − 10−3 = −10−3 V

P7.2-5
(b) ⎧ 0 0 < t <1
⎪
d ⎪ 4 1< t < 2
i (t ) = C v(t ) = ⎨
dt ⎪ −4 2 < t < 3
⎪⎩ 0 3<t
(a) 1 t
v ( t ) = ∫ i (τ ) dτ + v ( 0 ) = ∫ i (τ ) dτ
t

C 0 0

v ( t ) = ∫ 0 dτ + 0 = 0 V
t
For 0 < t < 1, i(t) = 0 A so
0

For 1 < t < 2, i(t) = (4t − 4) A so

( ) 1=2 t
t
v ( t ) = ∫ ( 4τ − 4 ) dτ + 0 = 2τ 2 − 4τ
t
2
− 4t + 2 V
1

( )
v(2) = 2 22 − 4 ( 2 ) + 2 = 2 V . For 2 < t < 3, i(t) = (−4t + 12) A so

( ) 1+2= ( −2 t )
t
v ( t ) = ∫ ( −4τ + 12 ) dτ + 2 = −2τ 2 + 12τ
t
2
+ 12 t − 14 V
2

( )
v (3) = −2 32 + 12 ( 3) − 14 = 4 V

For 3 < t, i(t) = 0 A so v ( t ) = ∫ 0 dτ + 4 = 4 V

t

0
P7.2-6
(a) ⎧ 0 0<t <2
d ⎪
i (t ) = C v(t ) = ⎨0.1 2 < t < 6
dt ⎪0
⎩ 6<t
(b) 1 t
v ( t ) = ∫ i (τ ) dτ + v ( 0 ) = 2 ∫ i (τ ) dτ
t

C 0 0

For 0 < t < 2, i(t) = 0 A so v ( t ) = 2∫ 0 dτ + 0 = 0 V

t

For 2 < t < 6, i(t) = 0.2 t − 0.4 V so

( ) 2 =0.2 t
t
v ( t ) = 2∫ ( 0.2τ − 0.4 ) dτ + 0 = 0.2τ 2 − 0.8τ
t
2
− 0.8 t + 0.8 V
1

( )
v (6) = 0.2 62 − 0.8 ( 6 ) + 0.8 = 3.2 V . For 6 < t, i(t) = 0.8 A so

v ( t ) = 2 ∫ 0.8 dτ + 3.2 = 1.6 t − 6.4 V

t

P7.2-7
v (t ) = v ( 0) +
1 t
C ∫ 0
i (τ ) dτ = 25 + 2.5 × 10 ∫
4 t
0
( 6×10−3 ) e−6τ dτ

= 25 + 150∫ 0 e −6τ dτ
t

t
⎡ 1 ⎤
= 2 5 + 150 ⎢ − e −6τ ⎥ = 50 − 25e −6t V
⎣ 6 ⎦0

P7.2-8
= (1− 2e−2t ) × 10−3 = 25 (1− 2e−2t ) μ A
v 1
iR =
200×10 3
40
iC = C
dv
dt ( )
= 10×10−6 ( −2 ) ( −10 e−2t ) = 200 e−2 t μ A

i = iR + i C = 200 e−2t + 25 − 50 e −2t

= 25 + 150e−2t μA
P7.2-9
v ( t ) = 2∫ i ( t ) dt + 1
t

=1 for 0≤t ≤2
= 2∫ 2 dt + 1 = 4 ( t − 2 ) + 1 = 4t − 7
t
for 2≤t ≤3
2

= 2∫ 2 dt + 2∫ −2 dt + 1 = 4 − 4 ( t − 3) + 1 = −4t + 17
3 t
for 3≤t ≤ 4
2 3
3 4
= 2∫ 2 dt + 2∫ −2 dt + 1 = 1 for t≥4
2 3

In summary
⎧ 1 0≤t ≤2
⎪ 4t − 7 2 ≤ t ≤ 3
⎪
v (t ) = ⎨
⎪−4t + 17 3 ≤ t ≤ 4
⎪⎩ 1 4≤t

P7.2-10
1 t
v (t ) = v ( 0) + i s ( t ) dt = −4 + 10 ∫ i s ( t ) dt
t
∫
C 0 0

For 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.25 ( i s ( t ) = 8t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.25 )

t
⎛τ 2 ⎞
v ( t ) = −4 + 10 ∫ 8τ dτ = −4 + 80 ⎜ ⎟ = −4 + 40t 2
t

0
⎝ 2 ⎠0
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
For example v ( 0 ) = −4, v ⎜ ⎟ = −3.375, v ⎜ ⎟ = −1.5
⎝8⎠ ⎝4⎠
For 0.25 ≤ t ≤ 0.5
v ( t ) = −1.5 + 10 ∫ 2 dτ = −1.5 + 20 ( t − 0.25 ) = 20t − 6.5
t

0.25

For example v ( 0.25) = −1.5, v ( 0.5) = 3.5

For 0.5 ≤ t
v ( t ) = 3.5 + 10 ∫ 0 dτ = 3.5
t

0.5

In summary
⎧−4 + 40t 2 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.25 s
⎪
v ( t ) = ⎨ 20t − 6.5 0.25 ≤ t ≤ 0.5 s
⎪ 3.5 t ≥ 0.5 s
⎩
P7.2-11
Representing vs(t) using equations of the straight line segments gives

⎧ 0 t ≤ 0.5
⎪ 40t − 20 0.5 ≤ t ≤ 1.0
⎪
vs (t ) = ⎨
⎪−20t + 40 1.0 ≤ t ≤ 2.0
⎪⎩ 0 2.0 ≤ t
Use KCL to get
⎧ 0 t ≤ 0.5
⎪
⎪ 20 + 40t − 20 0.5 ≤ t ≤ 1.0
1 d vs (t ) ⎪
i (t ) = vs (t ) +
5
=⎨
2 dt 5 ⎪ −10 + 40 − 20t 1.0 ≤ t ≤ 2.0
⎪ 5
⎪ t ≥ 2.0
⎩ 0

⎧ 0 t ≤ 0.5
⎪ 8t − 16 0.5 ≤ t ≤ 1.0
⎪
i (t ) = ⎨
⎪−4t − 2 1.0 ≤ t ≤ 2.0
⎪⎩ 0 t ≥ 2.0

P7.2-12

1 d
iC (t ) = v (t )
20 dt
= ( +20e−2t )
1
20
= e−2t A for t > 0
Apply KCL to get

i ( t ) = 2 − i C ( t ) = 2 − e−2t A for t > 0

(checked: LNAP 6/25/04)

P7.2-13

We’ll write and solve a node equation. Label

the node voltages as shown. Apply KCL at
node a to get

v (t ) − v a va v a − 12 20v ( t ) + 12
= + ⇒ va =
20 100 400 25
so
v a = 2.4 + 4.48e−5t V for t > 0
Then
va
i (t ) = = 24 + 44.8e−5t mA for t > 0
100
(checked: LNAP 6/25/04)

P7.2-14
Apply KCL to get
v (t ) d
i (t ) + + 0.020 v ( t ) = 0
60 dt
−5t
10 − 8e
− 0.020 (10 − 8e −5t ) = − − e −5t A for t > 0
d 1 2
i (t ) = −
60 dt 6 3

(checked: LNAP 6/25/04)

P7.2-15
1 t 1 t
( ) i (τ ) dτ − 12
C ∫t 0 1 ∫0 s
v(t ) = i s τ d τ + v (t 0 ) =

3
t
v(t ) = 3∫ 4 dτ − 12 = 12 t − 12 for 0 < t < 4 In particular, v(4) = 36 V.
0

v(t ) = 3∫ ( −2 ) dτ + 36 = 60 − 6 t for 4 < t < 10

t
In particular, v(10) = 0 V.
4

t
v(t ) = 3∫ 0 dτ + 0 = 0 for 10 < t
10