Task 1

a) To find the rate of change (or derivative) of this function with respect to time, we’ll differentiate
it with respect to ( t ):
2
T ( t )=200+ 30t−0.5t
dT
=30−1 t=30−1 ( 10 )=20 cars per minute at time=10
dt
b) Graph:
 5600
c) m= =400
14
If the gradient is positive, it indicates that traffic flow is increasing.
If the gradient is negative, it suggests that traffic flow is decreasing.
In our case, since we found the rate of change at ( t = 10 ) to be 20 vehicles per minute, the
tangent line’s gradient at that point is 20. This means that at that moment, traffic flow is
increasing by 20 vehicles per minute.

Task 2
2
( ) 200t
a) Q t =
√t +e 0.1 t
Q '(t )=200 ¿ ¿
'
Q (t )=386.123
 INTERPRETATION: The instantaneous gradient (Q'(t)) signifies the rate of change of the
hydraulic flow rate with respect to time. A positive value indicates the flow rate is increasing,
while a negative value indicates it's decreasing.
When making construction vehicles, sometimes it's good to have steep slopes for quick
movements, like lifting heavy things. Other times, you might need to slow down(decrease)
for smoother work, like lowering loads carefully.

b)

( ) ( )
2 2
d 200 t d 200 t
=
dt √ t+ e0.1 t
dt t
√ t+ e 10

( )
2
d t
¿ 200
dt t
√ t+e 10
¿ 200 ¿
¿ 200 ¿ ¿
 △ Q 1320
Using the graph, m= = =264
△t 5

Analyze any discrepancies and discuss potential sources of error.

When calculating values, the precision level can affect the accuracy of results. There may be
some discrepancies between analytical and numerical results due to this. It is important to
note that estimating gradients from graphs may not always be as precise as calculating them
analytically. This is particularly true when the graph is not very detailed or when the points
are not clearly defined. In cases where there are discontinuities or sudden changes in the
function, estimating gradients from the graph can result in inaccuracies. Additionally, errors
may arise when estimating values between plotted points, especially if the function exhibits
complex behavior in between those points.

Task 3

3 2
f ( x )=x −5 x +2 x+6
f ' ( x )=3 x 2−10 x+ 2
Turning points : Maximum=6.2 , Minimum=−6.1

When looking at how a function changes (whether it goes up or down): The highest point
where the cost is highest is known as the maximum turning point. The lowest point where the
cost is lowest is known as the minimum turning point. In the manufacturing industry: It is
important to pinpoint the minimum turning point on the cost function graph to optimize costs.
This specific production level (shown by the x-value at the minimum point) indicates the
most efficient volume of production in terms of cost. Going past the maximum turning point
in production could result in much higher costs due to inefficiencies or diminishing returns.

Task 4

( )( )
4 4 3 2 3 2
4 ( 4) 6 ( 4 ) 4 (0 ) 6 (0)
a. ∫ ( Q ( t ) )=¿ ∫ ( 4 t 2−6 t+ 10 )= 3
−
2
+10 ( 4 ) −
3
−
2
+ 10 ( 0 ) ¿
0 0
232
Total heat Transfer= =77.33 kW
3
 d d
b. ( Q ( t ) ) = ( 4 t 2−6 t +10 )=8 t−6
dt dt

c. To determine the extreme points:

8 t−6=0
8 t=6
6 3
t= = =0.75
8 4
To determine whether it is maximum or minimum, we take the second derivative:
2
d Q
2
=8
dt
Since its positive, t=0.75, is the minimum point of the rate of heat transfer.
The implication for the efficiency of the heat exchanger is that at t=0.75
hours, the rate of heat transfer is at its minimum. This means that the heat exchanger is
transferring heat at the slowest rate at this point. It could indicate a bottleneck or
inefficiency in the heat transfer process at this time.

Task 5
a. To calculate the work done by the hydraulic system over the displacement range 𝑥=0
to 𝑥=4 meters using the strip theory, we need to sum up the approximate areas of
elemental strips:
4
Total Work¿ ∫ (3 x −2 x +5)
2

( )
3 2
3 (4 ) 2 (4 )
Total Work Done= − +5 ( 4 ) −( 0−0+0 )=68 kN
3 2

b. Mean Value of F(x)=

1
a−b ( )
( Total Work Done )=
4−0
1
( )
( 68 )=17 kN

Task 6
a. f ( x )=3 x 2−2 x +5
Trapezoidal Rule
∆x
Tn= (f ( x 0 ) +2 f ( x 1 ) +2 f ( x 2 ) +…+2 f ( xn−1 )+ f ( xn ) )
2
b−a 5−0
∆ x= = =1
n 5
Subintervals=(0 , 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
1 1
Tn= ( f ( 0 ) +2 f ( 1 ) +2 f ( 2 ) +2 f ( 3 ) +2 f ( 4 ) + f ( 5 ) )= ( 5+12+26+ 52+ 90+70 ) =127.5 MPa
2 2
Mid-ordinate Rule
n
Mn=∑ f (mi)∆ x
i=1
 b−a 5−0
n=5 , ∆ x= = =1
n 5
Sub-interval points:(0,1),(1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5)
Mid− points :¿

M 5=( 1 ) f
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )] [
1
2
+f
3
2
+f
5
2
+f
7
2
+f
9
2
=
19 35 75 139 227
+ + +
4 4 4 4
+
4
=123.75 MPa
]
Simpson’s Rule
5−0 5
∆ x= =
2 2
5
End points [0 , +5 ]
2
∆x
S n= [f ( x 0 )+ 4 f ( x 1 ) +2 f ( x 2 )+ 4 f ( x 3 ) +2 f ( x 4 )+ …+2 f ( xn−2 )+ 4 f ( xn−1 ) + f ( xn ) ]
3
5 1
[
Sn= × f ( 0 )+ 4 f
2 3 () 5
2 ] [ ( ) ]
5
+ f ( 5 ) = 5+ 4
6
75
4
+70 =125 MPa

Trapezoidal Rule=127.5 MPa

Mid-ordinate Rule=123.75 MPa
Simpson’s Rule=125 MPa
The Simpson’s Rule generally provides more accurate results compared to the
Trapezoidal Rule and Mid-ordinate Rule, but it requires more computations. In
other words, the Trapezoidal and Mid-ordinate Rules are simpler and
computationally less intensive, while Simpson's Rule is more complex but often
provides more accurate results, making it suitable for a wider range of functions.

5
b. ∫ ( 3 x 2−2 x +5 ) dx=¿
0
The answer obtained analytically is similar and equal to the one obtained using
the Simpson’s Rule.

c.