Form 5: Chapter 20 (Motion Along a Straight Line)

SPM Practice
Fully-Worked Solutions

Paper 2

1 (a) (i) v = ∫ a dt (b) v (m s–1)

v = ∫ (8 – 2t) dt
2t 2
v = 8t – +c
2 (4, 36)
v = 8t – t 2 + c
20
When t = 0, v = 20 m s–1.
t (s)
Thus, c = 20. O 10
∴ v = 8t – t 2 + 20
At the maximum velocity, Total distance travelled during the period
of 0 ≤ t ≤ 10
dv
=0 = Area below the v – t graph
dt 10
8 –2t = 0 =∫ 0
v dt
t=4 10
d 2v =∫ 0
(8t – t 2 + 20) dt
= –2 (negative)
dt 2
冤 冥
10
8t 2 t 3
= – + 20t
Therefore, v is a maximum. 2 3 0

冤 冥
3 10
When t = 4, t
= 4t 2 – + 20t
vmax = 8(4) – 42 + 20 3 0
3
= 36 m s–1 = 4(10)2 –
10
+ 20(10) – 0
3
(ii) When v = 0,
2
8t – t 2 + 20 = 0 = 266 m
3
t 2 – 8t –20 = 0
(t + 2)(t –10) = 0 2 (a) v = 3t(4 –t)
t = –2 or 10 = 12t –3t 2
t = –2 is not accepted dv
= 12 – 6t
dt
∴ t = 10
∴ n = 10 At maximum velocity,
dv
=0
dt
12 – 6t = 0
t=2
d 2v
= –6 (negative)
dt 2
Hence, v is a maximum.
∴ vmax = 12(2) –3(2)2
= 12 m s–1

77
 (b) s = ∫ v dt (b) At point C, vP = 0
4 + 2t – 2t 2 = 0
s = ∫ (12t – 3t 2) dt 2 + t – t2 = 0
12t 2 3t 3 t2 – t – 2 = 0
s= – +c
2 3 (t – 2)(t + 1) = 0
2 3
s = 6t – t + c t = 2 or –1
When t = 0, s = 0. t = –1 is not accepted
Thus, c = 0. ∴t=2
∴ s = 6t 2 – t 3 For object P,
Distance travelled during the 3rd second sP = ∫ vP dt
= |s3 – s2 |
sP = ∫ (4 + 2t – 2t 2) dt
= |[6(3)2 –33] –[6(2)2 – 23]|
2t 3
= |27 –16| sP = 4t + t 2 – +c
3
= |11|
When t = 0, sP = 0.
= 11 m
Thus, c = 0.
(c) When the particle passes through point O 2t 3
∴ sP = 4t + t 2 –
again, s = 0. 3
When s = 0, When t = 2,
6t 2 – t 3 = 0 2(2)3
sP = 4(2) + 22 –
t 2(6 – t) = 0 3
t = 0 or 6 2
t = 0 is not accepted sP = 6 m
3
∴t=6
This displacement is
(d) When a particle reverses its direction, it is at measured from point A.
instantaneous rest, i.e. v = 0.
When v = 0, For object Q,
3t(4 – t) = 0 sQ = (vQ × t) + 24
t = 0 or 4
t = 0 is not accepted
Displacement
∴t=4
= Uniform velocity × Time
3 (a) vP = 4 + 2t –2t 2
sQ = –7t + 24 We have to “plus
When object P travels at a maximum velocity,
dvP When t = 2, 24” here because
= 0. at the beginning of
dt sQ = –7(2) + 24
the motion, object
dvP = 10 m
Q is at 24 m to the
When = 0,
dt right of point A.
2 – 4t = 0
1 Hence, the distance between object P and
t=
2 2 1
object Q is 10 –6 = 3 m
d 2vP 3 3
= –4 (negative)
dt 2 (c) When object P and object Q meet,
sP = sQ
Hence, the velocity of object P is a maximum.
2t 3
∴ vP (max) = 4 + 2
1
2 冢冣 冢冣
–2
1 2
2
4t + t 2 –
2
3
3
= –7t + 24
12t + 3t –2t = –21t + 72
1 2t 3 –3t 2 –33t + 72 = 0 (shown)
= 4 m s–1
2

78
4 (a) (i) v = t 2 – 6t + k (ii) Total distance travelled in the first 4 s
When t = 0, v = 8 = Area under the v – t graph
8 = 02 – 6(0) + k 2 4
= ∫ 0 v dt + 冨 ∫ 2 v dt 冨
k=8
2 4
(ii) When v < 0, = ∫ 0 (t 2 – 6t + 8) dt + 冨 ∫ 2 (t 2 – 6t + 8) dt 冨
t 2 – 6t + 8 < 0
冤 t3 – 3t 冥 + 冨冤 t3 – 3t 冥冨
3 2 3 4
(t – 2)(t – 4) < 0 = 2
+ 8t 2
+ 8t
0 2
3
2
t = – 3(2)2 + 8(2) – 0 +
2 4 3

Hence, the range of values of t when the

43
3冨– 3(4)2 + 8(4) –
23
3 冢
– 3(2)2 + 8(2) 冣冨
冨 冨
particle moves to the left is 2 < t < 4. 20 16 20
= + –
3 3 3
dv
冨 冨
(iii) a = = 2t – 6 20 4
dt = + –
3 3
When a < 0, 20 4
= +
2t – 6 < 0 3 3
2t < 6 =8m
t<3
5 (a) v = –10 + 7t – t 2
Hence, the range of values of t when the
When t = 0, v = –10
particle decelerates is 0 ≤ t < 3.
Hence, the initial velocity is –10 m s–1.
(b) (i)
(b) At maximum velocity,
t(s) 0 1 2 3 4 dv
=0
dt
–1
v (m s ) 8 3 0 –1 0 7 – 2t = 0
t = 3.5
v (m s–1) When t = 3.5
v = –10 + 7(3.5) – (3.5)2
8
v = 2.25
d 2v
= –2 (< 0)
dt 2
Hence, the maximum velocity is 2.25 m s–1.

O
t (s) (c) When the particle travels to the right,
2 4
(3, –1)
v >0
–10 + 7t – t 2 > 0
t 2 – 7t + 10 < 0
(t – 2)(t – 5) < 0

t
2 5

Hence, the range of values of t during which

the particle travels to the right is 2 < t < 5.

79
 dv
(d) When v = 0, a=
dt
–10 + 7t – t 2 = 0
t 2 – 7t + 10 = 0 a = 4 – 2t
(t – 2)(t – 5) = 0
When t = 6,
t = 2 or 5
a = 4 – 2(6)
Therefore, the particle comes to = –8 m s–2
instantaneous rest for the second time
(b) At maximum velocity,
at t = 5.
dv
=0
s = ∫ v dt dt
4 – 2t = 0
s = ∫ (–10 + 7t – t 2) dt
t=2
7t 2 t 3
s = –10t + – +c
2 3 d 2v
= –2 (< 0)
dt 2
When t = 0, s = 0.
Thus, c = 0. ∴ vmax = 12 + 4(2) – 22
7t 2 t 3 = 16 m s–1
∴ s = –10t + –
2 3
(c) s = ∫ v dt
t 0 2 5
s = ∫ (12 + 4t – t 2) dt
2 1 t3
s 0 –8 –4 = 12t + 2t 2 – + c
3 6 3
When t = 0, s = 0.
t=2
Thus, c = 0.
t3
∴ s = 12t + 2t 2 –
–8
2
–4
1 0 3
3 6

t 0 6 10
t=5
1
s 0 72 – 13
3
Hence, the total distance travelled
2
=8 + 8 –4
3
2
3 冢 1
6 冣 t=0 t=6

2 1
=8 +4 1 0 72
3 2 –13
3
1
= 13 m
6
t = 10
6 (a) At point A,
v=0 Total distance travelled
12 + 4t – t 2 = 0 1
= 72 + 72 + 13
t 2 – 4t – 12 = 0 3
(t + 2)(t – 6) = 0 1
= 157 m
t = –2 or 6 3
t = –2 is not accepted
∴t=6

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