Section

n 8.7 The Response

R of
o a First-O
Order Cirrcuit to a N
Nonconstaant Sourcee

P 8.7-1
Solutionn:
Assume that
t the circu
uit is at stead
dy state befo
ore t = 0:

KVL : 12ix + 3(3 ix ) + 38.5 = 0 ⇒ ix = −1.83 A

0− ) = −12 ix = 22 V = vc (0+ )
Then vc (0

After t = 0:

KVL
K : 12i (t ) − 8e −5t + v ( t ) = 0
x c
dv ( t ) 1 dvc ( t )
KCL
K : −ix ( t )−2ix ( t ) + (1
1 36) c = 0 ⇒ ix ( t ) =
dt 108 dt
⎡ 1 dv d c (t ) ⎤
∴ 12 ⎢ ⎥ − 8e
−5t
+ v (t ) = 0
⎣108 dt ⎦ c
d (t )
dv
c + 9v (t ) = 72e −5t ⇒ v (t ) = Ae −9t
dt c cn
T v (t ) = Be −5t & substitute
Try s intto the differeential equation ⇒ B = 18
cf
A −9t + 18 e−5t
∴ v (t ) = Ae
c
v (0) = 22 = A + 18 ⇒ A = 4
c
∴ v (t ) = 4e−9t + 18e−5t V
c
P 8.7-2
Solutionn:
Assume that
t the circu
uit is at stead
dy state befo
ore t = 0:

Replace the
t circuit co
onnected to the capacito
or by its Thevvenin equivaalent (after t=
=0) to get:

⎛ dvc ( t ) ⎞ dvvc ( t )
30 dt ⎟ c ( )
5 ⎜1
KVL: − 10 cos 2t + 15 +v t =0 ⇒ + 2vc ( t ) = 20 cos 2tt
⎝ ⎠ ddt

A −2t , Try v f (t ) = B cos 2t + C sin 2t & substitute into the diffferential equation to get
vn (t ) = Ae
B = C = 5 ⇒ v f (t ) = 5cos 2t + 5sin 2t. ∴ vc (t ) = vn (t ) + v f (t ) = Ae −2t + 5coos 2t + 5sinn 2t
Now vc (0) = 0 = A + 5 ⇒ A = −5 ⇒ vc (t ) = −5e −2t + 5cos 2t + 5sin 2t V

P 8.7-3
Solutionn:
Assume that
t the circu uit is at stead
dy state befo
ore t = 0. Theere are no soources in thee circuit so i((0) =
0 A. Afteer t = 0, we have:
h
dii ( t )
KVL : − 10sin100t + i ( t ) + 5 + v (t ) = 0
ddt
v( t )
Ohm's law : i ( t ) =
8
dv ( t )
∴ +18 v( t ) = 160sin100t
ddt

∴ vn (t ) = Ae −18t , try v f (t ) = B coss100t + C sinn100t , substtitute into thee differentiall equation

and equaate like termss ⇒ B = −1..55 & C = 0.279
0 ⇒ v f (t ) = −1.55coos100t + 0.2279sin100t
∴ v(t ) = vn (t ) + v f (t ) = Ae −18t −1.5
55 cos100 t + 0.279 sin1000 t
v(0) = 8 i (0) = 0 ⇒ v (0) = 0 = A−1.55 ⇒ A = 1.555
so v(t ) = 1.55e −18t −1.55cos100t + 0.279 sin
n100t V
P 8.7-4
Solutionn:
Assume that
t the circu
uit is at stead
dy state
before t = 0.
vo ( t ) = −vc ( t )

vC (0+ ) = vC (0− ) = −10 V

After t = 0, we have
vs ( t ) 8 e −5 t
i (t ) = = = 0.5333 e −5 t mA
15000
1 15
5000
The circu
uit is represeented by the differential
dvv ( t ) vC ( t )
equation: i ( t ) = C C + . Then
dt R

dvc ( t ) dvc ( t )
( 0.533 ×10 ) e
−3 −5 t
= ( 0.25 × 10
0−6 )
dt
+ (10−3 ) vc ( t ) ⇒
dt
+ 4000 vc ( t ) = 4000 e −5t

Then vn ( t ) = Ae−40000t . Try v f ( t ) = Be−5t . Suubstitute intoo the differenntial equatioon to get

(
d B e −5t ) + 4000 ( B e ) = 40000 e
−5t −5t
⇒ B=
4000
= −1.00125 ≅ −1
dt −3995
vC (t ) = v f ( t ) + vn ( t ) = e−5tt + Ae −4000t

0) = −10 = 1 + A ⇒ A = −11 ⇒ vC (t ) = 1 e −2t − 11 e −4000 t V

vC (0

Finally vo (t ) = − vC (t ) = 11 e −4000t −1 e −5t V , t ≥ 0

P 8.7-5
Solutionn:
Assume that
t the circu uit is at stead
dy state befo
ore
t = 0.
2
v (0+ ) = v (0− ) = 30 = 10 V
4+ 2

After t = 0 we have

5 d v( t ) ⎛ 1 d v( t ) ⎞
KVL : + v (t ) + 4 ⎜ −i ⎟ = 30
2 dt ⎝ 2 dt ⎠
⎛ 1 d v( t ) ⎞
2 i ( t ) + 4⎜ i ( t ) − ⎟ +30 = e
−3t

⎝ 2 dt ⎠

uit is represeented by the differential equation

The circu e
d v( t ) 6 6 2
+ v (t ) = (100 + e −3t )
dt 19 19 3
−( 6 /19 ) t
Take vn ( t ) = Ae . Try , v f ( t ) = B + Cee −3t , substituute into the ddifferential eequation to gget
6 60 4 −3t
Ce −3t +
−3C ( B + Ce −3t ) = + e
19 19 19
Equate co
oefficients to
o get
4 4
B = 10 , C = − ⇒ v f ( t ) = e −3t + Ae − (6 /19)t
51 551
4
Then v ( t ) = vn ( t ) + v f ( t ) = 10 − e −3t + Ae − (6 / 19)t
51
4 4
Finally vc (0+ ) = 10 V, ⇒ 10 1 = 10 − + A ⇒ A =
51 51
4 − (6 /19) t −3t
∴ vc (t ) = 10 + (e −e ) V
51
P 8.7-6
Solution n:
We are given
g v(0) = 0. From partt b of the
figure:
⎧5t 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 s
vs ( t ) = ⎨
⎩10
1 t > 2s
Find the Thevenin eq quivalent of the part of th
he
hat is connected to the caapacitor:
circuit th

n circuit volttage:
The open The shhort circuit cuurrent:

(ix=0 bbecause of thhe short acrooss the right 2 Ω

resistorr)
Replace the
t part of th
he circuit con
nnected to th
he capacitor by its Thevenin equivallent:
dv( t )
2 + v ( t ) − vs ( t ) = 0
dt
dv( t ) v ( t ) vs ( t )
+ =
dt 2 2
vn ( t ) = Ae −0.5 t

For 0 < t < 2 s, vs ( t ) = 5 t . Try v f ( t ) = B + C t . Substituuting into thee differentiall equation annd
equating coefficientss gives B = −10 5. Therefore v ( t ) = 5t − 110 + A e −t / 2 . Using v(0) = 0,
− and C =5
quently, v ( t ) = 5t + 10(e − 1) .
−t / 2
mine that A =10. Conseq
we determ
s v( 2 ) = 10e −1 = 3.68 .
At t = 2 s,
Next, forr t > 2 s, vs ( t ) = 10 V . Try
T v f ( t ) = B . Substitutting into the differential equation andd
Using v ( 2 ) = 3.68 , we
− (t − 2) / 2
equating coefficientss gives B = 10. Thereforee v ( t ) = 10 + Ae .U
− (t − 2) / 2
ne that A = −6
determin quently, v ( t ) = 10 − 6.322 e
6.32. Conseq .
P 8.7-7
Solutionn:
⎡ d v (t ) ⎤
KVL: − kt + Rs ⎢C C ⎥ + vC ( t ) = 0
⎣ ddt ⎦
d vC ( t ) 1 k
⇒ + vC ( t ) = t
dt Rs C Rs C
vc ( t ) = vn ( t ) + v f ( t ) , where vc ( t ) = Ae − t / RsC . Try v f ( t ) = B0 + B1 t
1 k
& plug into D.E. ⇒ B1 + [ B0 + B1t ] = Rs C , B1 = k .
t thuus B0 = − kR
Rs C Rs C
Now we have vc (t ) = Ae − t / Rs C + k (t − Rs C ). Use
U vc (0) = 0 to get 0 = A − kRs C ⇒ A = kRs C.
∴ vc (t ) = k[t − Rs C (1− e − t / Rs C )]. Plugging
P in k =1000 , Rs = 625 kΩ & C = 2000 pF
F get
vc (t ) = 1000[
1 t − 1.25 × 10−3 (1 − e −800
8 t
)]

v(t) and vC(t) track weell on a milli second timee scale.