PENYELESAIAN LENGKAP: TOPIK 8 (TINGKATAN 5)

KERTAS 2 Jumlah jarak yang dilalui

Total distance travelled
13 2 = Luas di antata garis lurus dan paksi-t
1. (a) s = 10t + t – t3
2
Area between the straight line and the t-axis
𝑑𝑠 1 1
v= = 10 + 13t – 3t2 = (10)(1) + (20)(2)
𝑑𝑡 2 2
= 5 + 20
Apabila t = 0, v = 10 + 13(0) – 3(0) = 25 m
= 10 m s1
Kaedah Lain
(b) Apabila v = 0, 10 + 13t – 3t2 = 0
3t2 – 13t – 10 = 0 Apabila t = 1, s = 5(12) – 10(1) = –5
(3t + 2)(t – 5) = 0 Apabila t = 3, s = 5(32) – 10(3) = 15
2
t=– atau t = 5
3

Oleh sebab t > 0, maka t = 5.

13
Apabila t = 5, s = 10(5) + (52) – 53
2
1 Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
= 87 m
2 Total distance travelled
= 5 + 5 + 15
(c) Apabila v < 0, (3t + 2)(t – 5) < 0 = 25 m
2
– <t<5
3
3. (a) Apabila t = 6, sA = 6p – 62 = 0
Julat masa ialah 0 < t < 5. 6p = 36
The time interval is 0 < t < 5. p=6

(b) sA = sB
2. (a) s = 5t2 + (1 – 3p)t 6t – t2 = 2t
t2 – 4t = 0
Apabila t = 2, s = 0. t(t – 4) = 0
5(22) + (1 – 3p)(2) = 0 t = 0 atau t = 4
20 + 2(1 – 3p) = 0 Zarah A dan zarah B bertemu selepas 4 saat.
10 + (1 – 3p) = 0 The particles A and B meet after 4 seconds.
3p = 11
11 𝑑𝑠𝐴
p= (c) = 6 – 2t = 0
3 𝑑𝑡
2t = 6
(b) s = 5t2 – 10t t=3
𝑑𝑠
v= = 10t – 10 Apabila t = 3, sA = 6(3) – 32
𝑑𝑡 =9m
Apabila v = 0, 10t – 10 = 0
(d) Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah A dalam
10t = 10
6 saat pertama
t=1
Distance travelled by particle A in the
first 6 seconds
(c)
=2×9
= 18 m

Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah B dalam

6 saat pertama
Distance travelled by particle B in the
first 6 seconds
=2×6
= 12 m

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 Perbezaan jarak yang dilalui (b) Apabila v = 0, t2 – 9t = 0
Difference in distances travelled t(t – 9) = 0
= 18 – 12 t = 0 atau t = 9
=6m
𝑑𝑣
a= = 2t – 9
𝑑𝑡
4. (a) s = 32t – 2t2
𝑑𝑠 Apabila t = 0, a = 2(0) – 9 = –9 m s–2
v= = 32 – 4t
𝑑𝑡
Apabila t = 9, a = 2(9) – 9 = 9 m s–2
Apabila v > 0, maka 32 – 4t > 0
32 > 4t (c)
t<8

Zarah itu bergerak ke arah kanan O dalam

8 saat pertama.
The particle moves to the right of O for the
first 8 seconds.

𝑑𝑣
(b) a = = –4 m s2
𝑑𝑡
Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
(c) Apabila v = 0, 32 – 4t = 0 Total distance travelled
32 = 4t
 t  9t  dt
4

t=8  2
0
4
1 9 
Apabila t = 10, v = 32 – 4(10) = –8   t3  t2 
3 2 0
1 3 9 2
 (4)  (4)
3 2
2
  50
3
2
 50 m
3

6. (a) v = 2t2 – 3t
𝑑𝑣
a= = 4t – 3
𝑑𝑡

Apabila t = 3, a = 4(3) – 3
Jumlah jarak yang dilalui = 9 m s–2
Total distance travelled
= Luas di antata garis lurus dan paksi-t (b) s  ∫(2𝑡 2 − 3𝑡) dt
Area between the straight line and the t-axis 2𝑡 3 3𝑡 2
1 1   +c
= (8)(32) + (2)(8) 3 2
2 2
= 128 + 8 Apabila t = 0, s = 0.  c = 0
= 136 m
2𝑡 3 3𝑡 2
s 
3 2

5. (a) v = t – 9t 2
2𝑡 3 3𝑡 2
𝑑𝑣 Apabila s = 0,  =0
= 2t – 9 3 2
𝑑𝑡 2𝑡 3
t2 (  )=0
3 2
𝑑𝑣 2𝑡 3
Apabila = 0, 2t – 9 = 0 =
𝑑𝑡 3 2
9
t= 9
2 t=
4
9 9
Halaju minimum = ( )2 – 9( ) 1
2 2 Zarah itu kembali ke O pada masa 2 saat.
4
1 1
= –20 m s–1 The particle returns to O at time 2 seconds.
4 4

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 (c) 8. (a) v = 8 + pt + qt2
a = p + 2qt

Apabila t = 3, v = 7 dan a = 8.

8 + 3p + 9q = 7
3p + 9q = 15
p + 3q = 5 ……

p + 6q = 8 ……

: 3q = 3
Jumlah jarak yang dilalui q = 1
Total distance travelled
= Luas di antata lengkung dan paksi-t Dari : p + 3(1) = 5
Area between the curve and the t-axis p = 2
3 9
   2t  3t  dt  34  2t 2  3t  dt
2 2
0 (b) v = 8  2t  t2
2
3 9 Apabila zarah itu bergerak ke kanan,
2 3 2 2 3 4
  t3  t2    t3  t 2  When the particle is travelling to the right,
3 2 0 3 2 3
2 v>0
1   1  8  2t  t2 > 0
  1  0   1  
8   8  t2 + 2t  8 < 0
1 (t + 4)(t – 2) < 0
2 m –4 < t < 2
4
Oleh sebab t > 0, maka julat ialah 0 < t < 2.
7. (a) vQ = 4
(c)
sQ = 4t + c

Apabila t = 0, s = 8.  c = 8
 sQ = 4t + 8

(b) vP = 4 + t
𝑡2
sP = 4t + +k
2 Jarak yang dilalui
Distance travelled
Apabila t = 0, sP = 0  k = 0
  8  2t  t 2  dt
2

𝑡2 0
 sP = 4t + 2
2  1 
 8t  t 2  t 3 
 3 0
Apabila dua zarah itu bertemu,
1
When the two particles meet,  8(2)  22  (23 )  0
3
sP = sQ 1
9 m
𝑡2 3
4t + = 4t + 8
2
𝑡2
=8 9. (a) a = 3t – 5
2
3 2
2
t = 16 v= t – 5t + c
2
t=4
Apabila t = 0, v = 4.  c = 4
(c) Apabila t = 4, sQ = 4(4) + 8 = 24
3
 v  t2 – 5t + 4
2
Zarah P dan zarah Q bertemu pada kedudukan
24 m dari titik O. 3
The particles P and Q meet at 24 m away Apabila t = 4, v = (42) – 5(4) + 4
2
from point O. = 8 m s–1

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 3 2 Jarak yang dilalui
(b) Apabila v = 0, t – 5t + 4 = 0
2 Distance travelled
3t2 – 10t + 8 = 0 3 1 
(3t – 4)(t – 2) = 0    t 2  3t  3  dt
4
0
2 
t= atau t = 2 3
3 1 3 
  t 3  t 2  3t 
 6 2 0
Zarah itu berhenti seketika pada masa
1 1 3 3 2
1 saat dan 2 saat.  (3 )  (3 )  3(3)  0
3 6 2
The particle stops momentarily at the times  27 m
1
1 seconds and 2 seconds.
3

(c) Apabila a = 3t – 5 = 4 11. (a) v = pt2 – qt

3t = 9 a = 2pt – q
t=3
3 2 Apabila t = 5, v = 0.
v t – 5t + 4 v = 25p – 5q = 0
2
1 3 5 2 5p – q = 0 ……
s t – t + 4t + k
2 2
Apabila t = 2, a = 3.
Apabila t = 0, s = 0.  k = 0 a = 4p – q = 3 ……
1 3 5 2
s t – t + 4t : p = –3
2 2

1 5 Dari : 5(–3) – q = 0
Apabila t = 3, s = (33) – (32) + 4(3) –15 – q = 0
2 2
=3m q = –15

(b) v = –3t2 + 15t

10. (a) Apabila t = 3, a = 3 + 3
=6 Apabila zarah itu bergerak ke kanan,
When the particle moves to the right,
v>0
2
–3t + 15t > 0
3t2 – 15t < 0
t2 – 5t < 0
t(t – 5) < 0
0<t<5

(c) Jarak yang dilalui

(b) Halaju Distance travelled
 3t  15t  dt
Velocity 3
= Luas di antata garis lurus dan paksi-t  2
2
Area between the straight line and the t-axis  15 
3

1   t 3  t 2 
=
2
(3 + 6)(3)  2 2
= 13.5 m s–1  15   15 
  (33 )  (32 )    (23 )  (22 ) 
 2   2 
(c) a = t + 3
= 40.5  22
1 2
v= t + 3t + c = 18.5 m
2

Apabila t = 0, v = 3.  c = 3
1 2
v t + 3t + 3
2

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12. (a) v = 12 + t  t2 13. (a) v = ht2  4t

Apabila t = 0, v = 12 + 0  02 a = 2ht  4
= 12 m s–1
Apabila t = 4, a = 2h(4)  4 = 12
(b) Apabila v = 0, 12 + t  t2 = 0 8h = 16
t2  t  12 = 0 h=2
(t + 3)(t  4) = 0
t = –3 atau t = 4 (b) Apabila halaju zarah itu menyusut,
When the velocity of the particle is decreasing,
Oleh sebab t > 0, maka t = 4.
a<0
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑎 4t  4 < 0
(c) = 1  2t dan = 2 < 0 4t < 4
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
t<1
𝑑𝑣
Apabila = 0, 1  2t = 0
𝑑𝑡
1 Julat masa ialah 0 < t < 1.
t= The time interval is 0 < t < 1.
2

1 1 (c) Apabila v = 0, 2t2  4t = 0

Halaju maksimum = 12 +  ( )2
2 2 t2  2t = 0
= 12.25 in m s–1
t(t  2) = 0
t = 0 atau t = 2
(d)
Zarah itu berhenti seketika apabila t = 2.
The particle stops instantaneously when t = 2.

(d) s  ∫(2𝑡 2 − 4𝑡) dt

2𝑡 3
  2t2 + c
3

Apabila t = 0, s = 0.  c = 0
Jumlah jarak yang dilalui 2𝑡 3
s  2t2
Total distance travelled 3

  12  t  t 2  dt   12  t  t  dt
4 5
2
2(23 ) 2
0 4 Apabila t = 2, s =  2(22) = 2
3 3
4 5
 t2 t3   t2 t3 
 12t     12t    2(43 ) 2
 2 30  2 34 Apabila t = 4, s =  2(42) = 10
3 3

 64  
 12(4)  8    0
 3  
 25 125   64 
 12(5)     12(4)  8  
 2 3   3 
2 5 2
 34  30  34
3 6 3
2 5 Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
 34   3
3 6 Total distance travelled
2 2
1 = 2(2 ) + 10
 38 m 3 3
2 = 16 m

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14. (a) sQ = 3t3 – 4t 15. (a) Apabila v = 0, 4t – 2t2 = 0
𝑑𝑠𝑄 2t(2 – t) = 0
vQ = = 9t2 – 4 t = 0 atau t = 2
𝑑𝑡

Apabila t = 0, vQ = 9(02) – 4 Kereta itu berhenti seketika apabila t = 2.

= –4 The car is momentarily at rest when t = 2.

Halaju awal zarah Q ialah –4 m s–1. (b) Apabila t = 1, v = 4(1) – 2(12) = 2

The initial velocity of particle Q is –4 m s–1.
Apabila t = 3, v = 4(3) – 2(32) = –6
(b) Apabila vQ = 0, 9t2 – 4 = 0
9t2 = 4
4
t2 =
9
2
t= (t > 0)
3

2 2 3 2 7
Apabila t = , sQ = 3(3) – 4(3) = 1
3 9

Apabila t = 3, sQ = 3(33) – 4(3) = 69

(c) Jumlah jarak yang dilalui

Total distance travelled
   4t  2t 2  dt    4t  2t  dt
2 3
2
0 2
2 3
 2   2 
Jumlah jarak yang dilalui   2t 2  t 3    2t 2  t 3 
 3 0  3 2
Total distance travelled
7 2 2
= 2(1 9) + 69  2  2
5 3 3
= 72 m 1
9
5 m
3
(c) vP = 9t2 + 12

sP  ∫(9𝑡 2 + 12) dt
16. (a) v = t2 – 6t + 8
 3t3 + 12t + c
𝑑𝑣
a= = 2t – 6
𝑑𝑡
Apabila t = 0, s = –32.  c = –32
 sP  3t3 + 12t – 32 Apabila t = 4, a = 2(4) – 6
= 2 m s–2
Apabila dua zarah itu bertemu,
When the two particles meet, (b) Apabila v = 0, t2 – 6t + 8 = 0
sP  sQ (t – 2)(t – 4) = 0
3t3 + 12t – 32 = 3t3 – 4t t = 2 atau t = 4
12t – 32 = –4t
16t = 32 Cicak itu berhenti seketika pada masa 2 saat
t=2 dan 4 saat.
The lizard is momentarily at rest at the times
Apabila t = 2, sQ = 3(23) – 4(2) 2 seconds and 4 seconds.
= 16
(c) s  ∫(𝑡 2 − 6𝑡 + 8) dt
𝑡3
Dua zarah itu bertemu pada 16 m dari titik L.   3t2 + 8t + c
Both the particles meet at 16 m from point L. 3

Apabila t = 0, s = 0.  c = 0
𝑡3
s  3t2 + 8t
3

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 23 2 18. (a) (i) Daripada graf s = f(t):
Apabila t = 2, s =  3(22) + 8(2) = 6
3 3 Apabila t = 0, s = 1.
43 1
Apabila t = 4, s =  3(42) + 8(4) = 5 Sesaran awal ialah 1 m.
3 3
The initial displacement is 1 m.
Jarak di antara titik A dan titik B
Distance between points A and B (ii) Daripada graf v = g(t), objek itu
2 1 mempunyai halaju maksimum 1 m s–1
=6 5 apabila t = 1.
3 3
1 From the graph v = g(t), the object has a
=1 m
3 maximum velocity of 1 m s–1 when t = 1.

(iii) Daripada graf v = g(t):

𝑑𝑣
17. (a) (i) Apabila
𝑑𝑡
=a=0 Apabila t = 1, v = 1 m s–1.
–2t + 6 = 0 Apabila t = 2, v = 0 m s–1.
2t = 6
t=3 Maka, objek itu mengalami nyahpecutan
dalam julat masa 1 < t < 2.
v  ∫(−2𝑡 + 6) dt Hence, the object is decelerating during
 t2 + 6t + c the period 1 < t < 2.

Apabila t = 0, v = 7.  c = 7 (b) Katakan v = k(t – 1)2 + 1.

 v  t2 + 6t + 7 Apabila t = 0, v = k(0 – 1)2 + 1 = 0

k+1=0
Maximum velocity = (32) + 6(3) + 7 k = –1
= 16 m s–1
 v = –(t – 1)2 + 1
𝑑𝑠
(ii) Apabila 𝑑𝑡 = v = 0, t + 6t + 7 = 0
2 = –(t2 – 2t + 1) + 1
= –t2 + 2t
t2  6t  7 = 0
(t + 1)(t – 7) = 0
t = –1 atau t = 7 (c) s  ∫(−𝑡 2 + 2𝑡) dt
1
 – t3 + t2 + c
Oleh sebab t > 0, maka t = 7. 3

(b) Apabila t = 0, s = 1.  c = 1
1
 s  – t3 + t2 + 1
3

Daripada graf s = f(t), sesaran objek itu dari O

adalah maksimum apabila t = 2.
From the graph s = f(t), the displacement of
the object from O is maximum when t = 2.

Sesaran maksimum
Maximum displacement
(c) Jumlah jarak yang dilalui 1
= – (23) + 22 + 1
Total distance travelled 3

   t  6t  7  dt
7
2 1
=2 m
0 3
7
 1 
   t 3  3t 2  7t  (d) Jarak yang dilalui oleh objek
 3 0
Distance travelled by the object
1 1
  (73 )  3(7 2 )  7(7)  0 =2 m1m
3 3
2 1
 81 m =1 m
3 3

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