Hint Solution String Waves English

Wave on a string
HINTS & SOLUTIONS OF WAVE ON A STRING

EXERCISE-1
PART – I
A-1. (a) amplitude A = 10 mm
(b) wave number k = 5 cm–1
2 2
(c) wavelength  = = cm
k 5

(d) frequency f= = 30 Hz
2
1 1
(e) time period T= = s
f 30
(f) wave velocity u = f = 12 cm/s.
A-2. A2 = A12 + A22 + 2A1 A2 cos 


  A1 = Ym , A2 = Ym
2

Y2 = Y2m + Y2m + 2Y2m × cos
2
Y2 = Ym2 + Ym2 [Y = 2 Ym = 1.41 Ym]
A-3. (a)  = 2f = 10 Red/sec

2 
(b)  × 5 = 20  = 4 m K= = rad/m
 2
(c) y = 12 × 10–2 sin (t – kx + )

= 12 × 10–2 sin (10 t – x + )
2
At t = 0 x=0 & y=0
0 = sin 
  = 0 or 
 y   
= 12 × 10–2  –  cos (100 t – x + )
 x  2 2
At t = 0 ij x=0
 y 
= – 12 × 10–2   cos 
 x 2
 y
should be positive
 x
 

y = 12 × 10–2 sin (10 t – x + )
2

= 12 × 10–2 sin ( x – 10 t)
2
(d) Vmax = A
= 12 × 10–2 × 10 
6
= 1.2  = 
5
(e) Amax = A2 = 12 × 10–2 × 10 × 10 
= 12 2
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ADVST - 1
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Wave on a string
2 2 
A-4. = = =
T 82 3
  
 K= = =
v 36 18
  
 y = 0.5 sin  t  x  
 3 18 
at t = 2, x = 8 , y = 0
7
 =
9
  7 
 y = 0.5 sin  t  x
3 18 9 
A-5. (a) D, E, F  (slope = –ve  vp = +ve)

(b) A, B, H  (slope = +ve  vp = –ve)
(c) At C, G, [slope = 0]
(d) At A, E [slope is maximum]
½
T  1350  3 m
B-1. V= =  –3 
= 300
  5  10  sec
T 20  2.5
B-2. V= = = 100 m/sec
 5  10 –3
D 2 1
t= = = sec
v 100 50
B-3. At the bottom end

mg
V= =f ......(1)

Now at the top
mg   g
V1 = = f´ ......(2)

 = M = mass of string
From equation (1) & (2)
mM 28 3
 ´ = = = 5 = m
m 2 10 5
B-4. T/2 = 5 m sec. (T is time period)

T = 10 m sec.
1
f= (m sec.)–1 = 100 sec–1
10

= 2 cm,  = 4 cm ,
2
v = f = 100 × 0.04 = 4 m/sec
ADVST - 2
Wave on a string
T T
B-5. v= =
 A
v1 2 1
 =
v2 1 2
2 1
=
1 4
1
=4
2
T 4  (10  6)
B-6. V= = = 200 m/sec
 1.6  10–3
Vpully, ground = Vp,string + Vstring, ground = 200 + 40 = 240 m/s
C-1. (a) f = 50Hz

180  10–3
= = 3 × 10–2 Kg/m
6
2A = 15 × 10–2 m
A = 7.5 ×10–2 m
4 = 6  = 3/2 m and v = f  = 75 m/sec
 4
 = 2f = 100 also K= =
v 3
If phase constant is  then
 4 
 Equation is y = 7.5 × 10–2 sin 100t – x  
 3 
2025 2
(b) Pav = 22f2A2v =   625 w
32
C-2. Pav. = 22 f2 A2 V
Pav. = 22 f2 A2  T /  
 Put value Pav = 50 mw
use v = T/
D-1. Equation of reflected wave is

 80a  2  
y=   sin  t  x  
 100    2

( path difference is added as the reflection is from hard surface)
2
(As the surface is Rigid)
D-2. (a) aNetrqY; = 0

(b) aNetrqY; = a1 + a2 = 0.15 + 0.15 = 0.3
D-3. V=f
cm
V = 100 × 2 = 200
sec
2 2  0.01 2 2
(a) × t = =2 (b)  = x = =
T 0.01  2
(c) a = a1 + a2 = 4 mm
a = a1 – a2 = 0
ADVST - 3
Wave on a string
T 25
E-1. v= = = 50
 100  10 –3
10
v 50
 0 = = = 2.5 Hz
2L 2  10
 1 = 20 = 5 Hz
2 = 30 = 7.5 Hz
150 250 m
E-2. (a) V = = ~ 144 m/s
7.2  10–3 3 sec
3
(b) = 90 cm   = 60 cm
2
v 250  100 1250
(c) V = f   f = = = Hz
 3  60 3 3
4
E-3. = 1.5
2
 = 0.75 m
10  10  1.5
v= = 100 m/s
15  103
v 100 400
f= = = Hz
 0.75 3

E-4. (a) As= 0.5 sin x
3

= 0.5 sin (1.5) = 0.5 cm
3
But the amplitude of component wave is A
(b) 2A = 0.5
A = 0.25 cm

K= and  = 40  f = 20 Hz
3

 V= = 120 cm/sec
K
 V
(c) d = = = 3 cm
2 2f
(d) At x = 1.5 cm
9
At t = sec
8
  9
y = 0.5 sin   1.5  cos 40 ×
3  8

= 0.5 sin cos 45 
2
= 0.5 (–1) = – 0.5
So partical is at negative extreme position that is why speed is zero
ADVST - 4
Wave on a string
E-5. (a)
2 = 
4f0 = 400  f0 = 100 Hz
(b)
7 2
=   =
2 7
v 2 v
=  f=7 = 700 Hz
f 7 2
 x 
E-6. (i) y1 = 1.5 cos   72t 
 20 
 x 
y2 = 1.5 cos  – 72t 
 20 
(ii) Nodes fuLian 
x 
= (2 n + 1)
20 2
x = (2 n + 1) 10  x = 10, 30, 50.......
x
(iii) Antinodes izLian  = n  x = 20 n  x = 0, 20, 40, 60.....
20
E-7. As end A is free so antinode is formed


  = 1
4
Now if support is pushed to right by 10 cm so that node is formed at joint
   
 =   2  1 
2  2
As V is same so if wavelength is halfed frequeny will be doubled i.e. 240 Hz
PART - II
5
A-1. As = 20   = 8 cm
2
2 314
K= =
 4
2
 = KV × 350 = 27475
8  10 –2
 314 
 y = 0.05 sin  x – 27475t 
 4 
1
A-2. y= (t = 0)
1  x2
1
y= (t = 2)
1  (x – 2v)2
Now comparing
x – 2v = x – 1
m
v = 0.5
sec
ADVST - 5
Wave on a string
A-3. VPmax = A = Y0 2f = 4V
 2f  Y0
Y0 2f = 4    =
 2 /   2
A-4. Put , , A, x and t in the equation

2
= 0.56 cm–1

2f = 12 sec–1
 12.56  180
x + t + = + 30 = 750º
6 3.14
y = 7.5 cm sin 750º = 3.75 cm.
dy  
v= = A cos  x  t  
dt  6
3
= 7.5 × 12 × = 77.94 cm/sec.
2
A-5.  = 2f = 4 sec–1

2
K= = 2 m–1

 y = 0.5 cos (2x + 4t)
A-6. Distance between boat = /2 = 10 m

  = 20m
time period T = 4 sec .
 V = /T = 20 m / 4sec.= 5m/s.
V V
A-7. RA = , RB 
VA VB
as VA > VB , RA < RB
A-8. (B)
Dotted shape shows pulse position after a short time interval. Direction of the velocities are decided
according to direction of displacements of the particles.
at x = 1.5 slope is +ve
at x = 2.5 slope is –ve
A-9. v = f  
54
 = × 10 = 9 m/sec.
60
B-1. V T
V1 T1 2T 2
= = =
V2 T2 T
ADVST - 6
Wave on a string
6.4g 6400 = 80 m
B-2. VAB = =
10  10 –3 sec
3.2g 4000 = 20 10 m
VCD = =
8  10 –3 sec
1.6g 1600 = 40 m/s
VDE = =
10  10 –3
B-3. Clear from the figure
mg
B-4. 50 = .........(1)

m(g2  a2 )½
52 = ............(2) 

 Solve (1) and (2)
m
  a = 4.1
sec 2
C-1. p0 = A02 02 v

p0
= A2 2 v
2

2 2
A
2= 0 2 20
A 
 As,  = 0 (frequency remains the same)
A
A= 0
2
C-2. By defination
C-3. As <P> = 22 f2 A2 v put values

100
90 = 2 × 10 × f2 × 25 × 10–4 × 4 × 10–2 
4  10 –2
  f = 30 Hz
P 42
C-4. P  A2  2  P = 1.6 watt
0.40 2
D-1. By defination
D-2. By definition
D-3. Amplitude varies between A1 + A2 to A1 – A2
D-4. Reflected wave is inverted so second string is denser so speed will decreases.
ADVST - 7
Wave on a string
D-5. A2net = (ym + ym)2 for  =o
 Anet = 2ym I  Inet  A2net  4ym2 4I
where I  Intensity of either wave
D-6. Path difference is  between B and G.
D-7.
Resultant Amplitude = 32  42 = 5m
E-1. As x = 0 is node  standing wave should be y = 2a sin kx sin t

Now solve
n T n 1 T
E-2. = 350 and = 420
2  2 
n 350 5 2
 =  n = 5   ==
n 1 420 2 5
v 2
=
f 5
v f
 =
2 5
f
 f´ = = 70 Hz
5
 3
E-3. At x1 = and x2 =
3K 2K
Nodes are not formed because neither x1 nor x2 gives sin kx = 0
7
 x = x2 – x1 =
6K
7
1 = and 2 = Kx =
6
 6
 1 =
2 7
T T T
E-4. V= = =
 A r 2 
f1 T1 2 r22 1 1 1
=   = 2  =
f2 T2 1 r12 2 4 2
4V v L
E-5. f=  = = = 40 cm
2L f 2
ADVST - 8
Wave on a string
m
E-6. = = A
m1 = r2
m2 = 4 r2
v1 T / 1
 =
v2 T / 2
Let P loops and q loops are formed respectively 1st and 2nd ire.
p q p 1
 V1 = V2  =
2 2 q 2
E-7. y = a sin t cos Kx

y = 1/2 (2a sin t cos Kx)
 Amplitude of component wave is a
2
PART - III
y y
1. Use x = 0; t = 0 for y and particle velocity . Like for (a), y = 0 at x = 0 and t = 0. > 0 i.e. positive
t t
therefore it matches with (R).
2. (A) Number of loops (of length /2) will be even or odd and node or antinode will respectively be formed
at the middle.
Phase difference between two particle in same loop will be zero and that between two particles in
adjacent loops will be .
(B) and (D) Number of loops will not be integral. Hence neither a node nor an antinode will be formed in
in the middle.
Phase of difference between two particle in same loop will be zero and that between two particles in
adjacent loops will be .
EXERCISE-2
PART - I
measure AB 
1. = = V
measure CD T
2. v is same for all the waves.

From the figure 1 = 3 < 2
So 1 = 3 > 2
 420
3. V = = = 20
k 21
T
 V= = 20

 T = (20)2  = (20)2 × 0.2 = 80N
ADVST - 9
Wave on a string
4.
For the pulse

xg dx
V= = xg =
 dt
x t
dx dx
= xg   = g  dt
dt o x o
x
t= 2 ———(1)
g
for the particle
1
L–x= gt2
2
2(L – x)
t= ———(2)
g
from equation (1) & (2)
L
   x = from the bottom
3
5. If T = mg = vg
1 T
 f= = 300 .....(1)
2 
V
Now T´ = mg – fb = vg – g.
2
 2 – 1 
T´ = vg  
 2 
1 vg (2 – 1)
 f´ = .......(2)
2  2
½ ½
f´  2 – 1   2 – 1 
 =   f´ = 300  
f  2   2 
6.
(a)
d
2T sin = dm.2R
2
d m m2R2
2T = Rd.2R T=
2
T L
 V= = T = R  V=
 m 2
ADVST - 10
Wave on a string
L
(b) VP/R =
2
L L L
VP./G – VR/G =  VP/G – =
2 2 2
 L  L
 VP/G = 2   VP/G =
 2  
L  L  L
(c) VP/R = VP/G –  – =
  2  2 
 VP/G = 0
7. Satisfy the standard equation of wave

n T n–1 T
8. = 384 = 288
2  2 
n 4
 =
n–1 3
V
 n = 4 Now 4   = 384
 2L 
Put L = 75 cm 
  V = 144 m/sec.
9. By difination
10. At t = 2 second, the position of both pulses are separately given by fig.(a) and fig. (b); the superposition
of both pulses is given by fig. (c)
11. Reflected pulse will be inverted as it is reflected by a denser medium. The wall exerts force in
downward direction.
ADVST - 11
Wave on a string
12. As y = A sin (Kx – t + 30º) for incident wave
Now for reflected wave : Energy  Amp2
 Y = 0.8 A sin (–Kx – t + 30 + 180)
Y = 0.8 A sin (–Kx – t + 210)
Y = –0.8 A sin (kx + t –210)
Y = –0.8 A sin [Kx + t – 30 – 180]
Y = 0.8 A sin [180 – (Kx + t – 30)]
Y = 0.8 A sin (Kx + t – 30)
2 2cm
13. K = 0.025  = =
 0.025
 1
Required length = = = 40 cm
2 0.025

14. = V for either component waves
K
15.
v v
n1  n2 
2 1 2 2
v
and n = (for complete length of wire)
2
As  = 1 + 2 + ...
V V V
= + + ...
2n 2n1 2n2
1 1 1
= + + ...
n n1 n2
16. It is obvious that particle at 0.2 L will have larger amplitude that particle at 0.45 L, 0.5 L being the node
and 0.25 being antinode.
1 mg
17. f= = 256 ......(1)
2  40 
1 mg – fb
f= = 256 ......(2)
2  22 
2
mg – fb  22 
=  
mg  40 
v(1)g 402 – 222
=
vg 402
402
=
402 – 222
ADVST - 12
Wave on a string
YA
.
1 T 1 1 9  1010  5  10 –14
18. f= = = = 35 Hz
2  2 1 A 2 9  103
YA 1 YA 4
19. As T = 4  0 = . .......(1)
20 2  24 20 
YA 1 YA 6
and T´ = 6  ´ = . .......(2)
20 2  26 20 
´ 24 6
 =   ´ > 0
 0 26 4
20. v  T
1 mg  upthrust 1
   1
2.2 mg (r.d)
Where r.d = relative density r.d = 1.26
PART – II
2
1. Vmax = A = 5  A =5 
4
10
  A= cm.

T
2. V= = 20 m/s

s = Vt
t = 0.03 sec.
3.
T = M2g = M1g sin 30  M1 = 2M2

T M2 g
Now v = =
 9.8  10–3
M2
100 =  M2 = 10kg
10 –3
  M1 = 20 kg
ADVST - 13
Wave on a string
4.
v
f =   at lowest point

1 mg
f=
 
v1
f1 = at highest point
1
1 (M  m)g
f1=
1 
f 1 = f : no any change in source frq.
1 mg 1 (M  m)g  Mm
= ,  1   
     m 
dM
5. (a)  = Kx =
dx
M L
 dM =
O
 Kx
O
dx
KL2
M=
2
2M
and K =
L2
L t
F F dx F
(b) V =

=
Kx
=
dt 
0
x dx =
K  dt
o
3 3
4L K 4L 2 M 8ML
 t = . = . =
9 F 9F L2 9 F
1
6. 2f = 6, f = 3, T= sec, v = 3 m/sec
3

3=   = 1m
T
x = vt
3 = 3t t=1
3T
total time = t +
4
3  1 5
=1+   = = 1.25 sec.
4 3 4
ADVST - 14
Wave on a string
1
7. =   1 = 2 2 = 
2
 1  V T1
 2 =  1 =2  1 = =2
1 2 2 V2 T2
T1 = 4T2 ——(1)
T1 + T2 = 60
 T1 = 48 N
T2 = 12 N
Now taking moments about right end
48 × 0.4 = 48 × (0.4 – x) + 0.2 × 12
Put T1 & T2
 x = 5 cm  i. e 5 cm from left. 5 cm
4
8. For third overtone =
2
 2 =    =
2
As x = 0 is a node
2
As.. = A sin x

 
 2 1  3
= a sin   =a
  3  2
 2 
9.
(a)  X = 7.5  = 60

 AS = 3.5 = A sin Kx
 2 
3.5 = A sin  7.5   A = 3.5 2 mm
 60 
 A = 3.5 2 mm
(b) 3rd overtone  hich covers 120 cm length of the string
1 1 1m
 2 dmv  2 dmA 2 =  2  2
2 2 2 2
10. Energy E = = x  dx A sin kx
0 0 0 
1m 1
=    A 2 2 sin2kx dx = mA 2 2
0
2  4
v  T  T
As  = 2f = 2 = =
2  m
1 2 T a 2 2 T
 Energy = m a2 2 =
4 m 4
ADVST - 15
Wave on a string
11. Ai = 5 A
Ar = 3 A
As it is the care of partially standing wave
  ANODEfuLian = Ai – Ar
=2A
and AANTINODE izLian = Ai + Ar = 8 A
2 T
12. Use ; n =
2 
13. L=1m
M = 0.04 kg
M
= = 0.04 kg/m
L
T 400
V= = = 100 m/sec
 0.04
For fundamental frequency

L=  = 4L = 4 m
4
100
 f1 = = 25 Hz
4

 (i) 1 = L = 1
4
1 = 4 m
3 2
(ii) =L=1
4
4
2 = m
3
5 3
(iii) =L
4
4
3 = m
5
14.  = 90cm = 0.9m

44  10 –3  44  10–3 
= =  –2 
0.9  90  10 
4v  2v   2v 
f= =    60 =  
2L  L  
60
v= = 30l = 30 × 0.9 = 27
2
T
= 27

44  10 –3
T = (27 × 27 × ) = 27 × 27 ×
90  10 –2
(T = 36 N)
ADVST - 16
Wave on a string
n T
15. = 90
2 
n 1 T n2 T
= 150 = 210
2  2 
n 90
 =  n = 1.5
n 1 150

n T n
 = 90 = V
2  2
V 90 90
= = = 60
2 n 1.5
V
 = 30
4
3V 5V
(b) = 90 and vkSj = 150
4L 4
7V
and = 210
4
(c) overtones are 1st, 2nd, 3rd
v
(d) = 30  v = 96 m/sec.
4  0.8
1 T 1 YAT
16. f= =
2  2 
Put values f =11
T 4.5  107
17. V= =
 0.05
n 4.5  107
= 420 ———(1)
2 0.05
n 1 4.5  107
= 490 ———(2)
2 0.05
n 6
From equation (1) & (2)  = n = 6
n 1 7
6
Put n in (1)  3 × 102 = 420
2
6
 3 × 102 = 420
2
30000 1500
= = = 214 cm
140 7
ADVST - 17
Wave on a string
18. Initially
T = mg
V
f = 10 f0 = 10 
2
10 Mg
 f= .......(1)
2 
11 mg – fb
Finally ;  = .......(2)
2 
1 = 2  100 mg = 121 (mg – fb)
100 m = 121m – 121 Vw
100 V = 121 V – 121 Vw ( is the density of block)
21/ = 121 /w (w = 1)
121 gm
= = 5.8
21 cm3
19. Let number of loops in steel are P and in aluminium number of loops are Q.
P T Q T
 =
2 s s 2 Al  Al
P 4
 = .....(1)
Q 3
For minimum frequency
4 40
f=
80 106  7.8  103
2
100
f = 180 Hz
1 T 1 1 T 2
20. f1 = f2 =
2 1 m 2 2 m
f1 (1– 20)
 = 2
= 1
f2 1 1
f1
= (1 – 10) (By Binomial theorem, assuming temperature change to be small)
f2
f2 – f1
= = 10–4 ºC–1
10f2
PART - III
1*. Standard equation
2*. Compare with y = a sin (t + Kx)
3*. Compare with y = A sin (t – Kx)
4*. Satisfy the standard equation of wave
ADVST - 18
Wave on a string
5*. Comparing with y = A cos (t – kx)
 = 500 s–1, k = 0.025 m–1,
500
v= = 2 × 104 m/s
0.025
500
= = 80  m
0.025
y = A cos (t – kx)
v 10
6*. Vmax = A =  10–3 2f = 
10 10
1000
  f= Hz
2
Now V = f  find 
7*. V T
f T
½
 
f  T  10
=   =
f  15  T  21T  11
 100 
11f = 10f + 150
f = 150 Hz
8. y1 = A sin (2f + t – kx)

2f = 
y2 = 3A sin (2f + t + kx)
due to superposition (y = y1 + y2)
 y = (A sin (t – kx) + 3A sin (t + kx))
y = (4A cos kx sin t – 2A sin kx cos t)
So at the point on the path average displacement is zero
A1 sin  = 2A sin kx
A1 cos  = 4A cos kx
A1 = 4A sin kx  16A cos kx
2 2 2 2
So A1 change with x (position)
9*.
A and B point will move in opposite direction displacement level of A and B will be equal
11*. Use principle of superposition
ADVST - 19
Wave on a string
 
12*. Compare with y = A cos  t   cos (kx)
 2
  
y = A cos  t   cos (kx)
 2
i.e. y = A sin t cos Kx
 = 50 , k = 10  , v = 5 m/s
2
= 10 

1  3
= = 0.2 m Position of antinode = 0, ,, , 2
5 2 2
= 0 , 0.1, 0.2, 0.3
position of node = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25,
13*. Compare with y = A sin Kx cos t

y = A sin Kx cos t ls rqyuk djsa
14*. =1m = 10 sin (80  t – 4x)

 For superimposed second wave is
2 = 10sin (80  t + 4x)
Amplitude of stationary wave = 2A = 2 × 10 = 20m
2
K = 4 =

2 1
= = = 0.5 m
4 2
 = 1m
( = 2)
Total (N = 5)
15.
y= 0
vmax at y  0
So Kmat at y = 0
 C
So maxm P.E. at y = 0
 D
ADVST - 20
Wave on a string
PART – IV
1. Shape of the pulse at t = 0
y(cm)
1
x(cm)
–4 0 1
That is a triangular pulse

Area of the pulse
1
= [(4 × 1) + (1 × 1)]
2
1
= cm2
2
T
2. v= = 10 m/s

Solution of the wave equation that gives displacement of any piece of the string at any time
 (x  vt)
  1 for vt  4  x  vt
4

y  f(x, t)  (x  vt)  1 for vt  x  vt  1
 0 otherwise


 (x  vt)
 1 vt  4  x  vt ds fy,
4

y  f(x, t)  (x  vt)  1 vt  x  vt  1 ds fy,
 0 vU; Fkk


Using v = 1000 cm/s, t = 0.01 s
vt = 10 cm
as (vt – 4) < (x = 7 cm) < vt
1 1
y= (7 – 10) + 1 = cm = 0.25 cm
4 4
y
3. Transverse velocity =
t
at t = 0.015 s, vt = 15 cm
as for x = 13 cm (vt – 4) < x < vt
y
=
t
t = 0.015 s, vt = 15 cm
x = 13 cm (vt – 4) < x < vt
therefore
y v
= – = – 250 cm/s
t 4
ADVST - 21
Wave on a string
1
4-6 f = 120 A= ×10–2
2
T
V = = 100 and

  = 90 × 10–3 Kg met
1
VPmax = A = × 10–2 × 2. 120 = 1.2 
2
(Ty)max = (T sin )max = (T tan )max
 y  VP
= T  = T max
  x max Vw
900  1.2
= = 10.8  N
100
Pmax = 42 f2 A2 v = 12.962 watt
Pmin = 0
1
When minimum power transfer occurs displacement is = cm.
2
7-9 Medium of string BC is denser. These will be  phase difference between reflected and transmitted
wave.
 r v1 2
 
t v2 1
1 4  3
Now  so r 
2 9 t 2
v 2  v1
Ai
Ar v  v2 v  v1 1
= 1 = 2 =
At 2v 2 2v 2 4
.Ai
v1  v 2
EXERCISE-3
PART - I
1. Maximum particle velocity vmax =  A = 3 m/s
Maximum particle acceleration amax = 2 A = 90 m/s2
3 3
amax = vmax  =  × 3 = 90 m/s2    = 30 s–1  A= = = 0.1 m
 30
 30 3
k= = = [where v is velocity of wave]
v 20 2
 3 
Equation of wave in string y = 0.1 sin  30 t  x    [where  is initial phase]
 2 
ADVST - 22
Wave on a string
1
2. =   1 = 2
2

2 =     1 = 2
2
v1 / f
2
v2 / f
v1 T1 /  T
=2=  1 =4 ——(1)
v2 T2 /  T2
Now moment about P : T1 x = T2 ( – x)
 – x = 4x x = //5
3. V= A 2  y2
VP = 2f A 2  y2
V 2
VP = 2   A 2  y2 = × 0.1 (0.1)2  (0.05)2
 0.5
3
VP = j m/s Ans. (A)
50
T 0.5
4. v= = = 10 m/sec.
 103 / 0.2
v = f
10 = (100)   = 0.1 m = 10 cm

Distance between two successive nodes = = 5 cm
2
Ans. 5
5. Aeq = A12  A 22  2A1A 2 cos 


Aeq = 42  32  2(4)(3)cos
2
Aeq = 5.
ADVST - 23
Wave on a string
6. (A) There are 5 complete loops.
Total number of nodes = 6
(B)  = 628 sec–1

2 1
k = 62.8 m–1 =   
 10
 628
vw = = = 10 ms–1
k 62.8
5
L=  0.25
2
(C) 2A = 0.01 = maximum amplitude of antinode
v 10
(D) f =  = 20 Hz.
2 2  0.25
7. V = 100 m/s
Possible modes of vibration


 = (2n +1)
4
12
= m
(2n  1)
2 2 (2n  1)
k= = =
 12 /(2n  1) 6
 (2n  1) 50 
 = vk = 100 (2n + 1) =
6 3
 50 
if n=0 k= =
6 3
5  250 
n=1 k= =
6 3
5 
n=7 k=  = 250 
2
ADVST - 24
Wave on a string
T
8.* V , so speed at any position will be same for both pulses, therefore time taken by both pulses

will be same.
V
f = v       V , since when pulse 1 reaches at A, speed decreases therefore  decreases.
f
At mid point, magnitude of velocity is same, but direction will be opposite. Hence velocity will be in
opposite direction.
PART – II
v
1. (n + 1) = 420 ......(1)
2
nv
= 315 ......(2)
2
V
(1) – (2) = 105 Hz f = = 105 Hz
 min
2 2 2 2
2.  =  = = 25   = = 
 0.08 T 2

3. By equation
1
f= and  = 0.5
0.04
1 25
 V= × 0.5 =
0.04 2
2
T  25   625
by V =   2  = T= × 0.04
   0.04 4
T = 6.25 N
4. y(x,t)  e[ ax  bt]2
y(x,t)  e(ax bt)

2
It is transverse type
b
Speed v =
a
and wave is moving along –x direction.
y(x,t)  e[ ax  bt]2
5. Y = A sin(t – kx) + A sin(t + kx)

Y = 2A sint coskx standing wave
For nodes coskx = 0
2 
.x = (2n + 1)
 2
(2n  1)
 x= , n = 0,1,2,3,........
4
ADVST - 25
Wave on a string
v 1 T 1 T
6. f=  
2 2  2 Ad
T T Y
Also Y =  
A A
1 y
 f=
2 d

 = 1.5m, = 0.01, d = 7.7 × 103 kg/m3
y = 2.2 × 1011 N/m2

After solving
2 103
f=  Hz.
7 3
f  178.2 Hz. Ans. (2)
7. Let mass per unit length be .

x=
x=0
T
T = gx v= = gx

v2 = gx,
vdv g
a= 
dx 2
4

1g 2 t=
t  2 2 sec
22 g
HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.
nv
f1 = 420 =
2L
mv
f2 = 315 =
2L
f1 420 n
= = (here, n and m are integers)
f2 315 m
So n = 4 , m = 3
No any resonant frequency so
4v
420 =
2L
v  420 
f2 = =   = 105 H2 (Lowest resonant frequency.)
2L  4 
3
V = (105) (2L) = 105 × 2 × 0.75 = 105 × = 157.5 m/sec.
2
ADVST - 26
Wave on a string
2.
Steel Aluminium
T = 104
1 = 7.8 gm / cm3 2 = 2.6 gm /cm3
A1 = A2 = 1 mm2
T 104
V1 = =
1A1 7.8  10 –3
–6
 1 10 –6
10
 200 
V1 =   m/ sec.
 3 
T 104
v2 =
2 A 2 2.6  10–3
= 2 × 102 m/sec.
for lowest freq.
f1 = f2
n1V1 n V
= 2 2
2L1 2L 2
n1  200 n2  200
=
2  3  50 3 2  60  1
n  5 
  1   
 n2  2  
So lowest freq.
n V 2  200 1000
f2 = 2 = = Hz
2L 2  0.6 3
3.
A = 1 × 10–6 m, T = 10g = 100N

1 = 2.6 ×103kg/m2 2 = 1.04 × 104 kg /m3
100 103
v1  6
= m / sec
1 10  2.6  103
26
100 103
v2 = =
1 10–6  1.04 104 2 26
f1 = f2
n1  103 n2  103  n1 1 
=   
2  0.6 26 2  2  0.9 26  n2 3 
n1v1 1 103
Lowest frequency = =
2L1 26  2  0.6
4
10
= = 162 vibration/sec.
12 26
ADVST - 27
Wave on a string
n1  1
=  
n2 3
One side 1 loop and other side 3 loop
So excluding the two nodes at ends total nodes is 3
1 T
4. f=
2L 
If length is constant
1
f'  T ' 2
=  
f T
'
f =f+6, T' = T + 0.44 T = 1.44 T
f 6 1.44T
=
f T
f = 30Hz
If T is constant
f ''
=
f 1.20
f 300
f'' = =
1.2 12
f'' = 25Hz
f = f'' – f = 25 – 30 = – 5Hz
So fundamental freq. Will decrease by 5Hz
5.
If temperature decreases,s tension in wire increases and v increases

F
v1 =

F = v12
F = YA T
F  F F  YA  T
v2 = =
 
YA  T
v22 = v12 +

YA  T
= v22 – v12
(m / )
Y  T  (v 22 – v12 )
= v22 – v12 =
 Y T
10
6. V1 =
4  10 –3
= 50 m/sec
10
V2 =
16  10 –3
10 4 100
= = = 25 m/sec
16 4
ADVST - 28
Wave on a string
7.
Fy = T sin = T tan 
y
–~ T
x
y = A sin (t – kx)
 2 
= 0.02 sin  t – x
 0.50  2 
y
= – 0.02 × 2 cos  t – 2x 
 x
At x = 0
y
= –0.02 × 2 cos t
 x
 y 
 x  = 0.02 × 2
  max
  y 2
Fy =  T  = 0.02 × 2 × 10 = N
  x 5
8. (n = 2)
2v
f1 = ———(i)
2L
n=6
6v
f2 = ———(i)
2L
f2 6v / 2L
= =3
f1 2V
2L
f2 = 3f1 = 3 × 100 = (300 Hz)
1 F
9. f=
2L 
as F and  are fixed
f1 L f 90
= 2 L2 = 1 L1 = × 180cm = 120 cm
f2 L1 f2 135
Thus the string should be pressed at 120 cm from an end
ADVST - 29
Wave on a string
10.  = 90 cm = 0.9m
4
= gm/cm
90
4
= Kg/m
900
f = 125
1 T
f=
2L 
1 T  900
125 =
2  0.9 4
T = 225 N
1 T
11. n1 =
2L1 
1 T
n2 =
2L 2 
1 T
n3 =
2L 3 
n1 : n2 : n3 : 1 : 2 : 3
n2 = 2n1
n3 = 3n1
n L 
L2 = 1 L1 =  1 
n2 2
L1 + L2 + L3 = 1.21
L L 632
L1 + 1 + 1 = 1.21 L1   = 1.21
2 3  6 
 11 
L1   = 1.21
6
6  121 6  11
L1 = = = 0.66m
11 100 100
L 0.66
L2 = 1 = = 0.33m
2 2
L 0.66
L3 = 1 = = 0.22m
3 3
12. yp = 2 sin (100t + 300)

 25 
y = 2 sin 100(t  )  300  = 2 sin(100t – 50 + 30°)
 50 
  75  
z = 3 sin 100  t    600 
  50  
 
= 3sin 100 t  150   60 0 = 3 sin(100t + 60°)
r(in mm esa )  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ
= 25000iˆ  2sin(100  300 )jˆ  3sin(100t  600 )kˆ
dr
v  2  100 cos(100t  30)jˆ  3  100 cos(100t  60)kˆ
dt
v(in m/s) = 0.2 cos(100t  30)jˆ  0.3 cos(100t  60)kˆ
Phase difference at time ‘t’ = 30° constant always after they meet at ‘P’.
ADVST - 30
Wave on a string
13.
m
max
equation of standing wave :

y = maxsinkxcost
dy
Vy = = –amaxsinkxsint
dt
dy
Vy = = –maxsinkxsint
dt
(a) For maximum velocity sint = 1
then Vy = –maxsinkx
Then kinetic energy :
1
dk = (dm)Vy2
2
1
dk  (dx)max
2
2 sin2 kx
2
1 2 /2
 dk  max   sin kxdx
2 2
2 0
1 2 2 1 
k = 2 max   2 
 
1 2
K= max 2
4
(b) Average kinetic energy for strip of length dx :
1 1
<dk> = < dmv2> = < (dx) (maxsinkxsint)2>
2 2
2 / 
1 1 2
<dk> = 2max2 sin2kxdx  sin t = max
2
2 sin2 kxdx
2 0 4
Averge ower all mole cubes :
1 2
<k> = max 2  sin2 kx 
4
1 2
<k> = max 2 Ans.
8
From (i) and (ii) :
dE = dU + ak
1
dE = a2 2 [sin2kxsin2t + cos2kx cos2t] dx …(iii)
2
Average value of dE at (dx) element.
1

<dE> = a2 2 sin2 kx  sin2 t   cos2 kx  cos2 t  dx
2

 2
 dE  = 1 a  [sin kx  cos kx ]dx
2 2
4
1  2/2 1 
 E   a   dx  a 22
4 0 4 2
1
 E   a 2 .…(iv)
8
 2
Also  = and = pat in …(iv)
s K
1 (a)2
 E   s Ans.
4 k
ADVST - 31
Wave on a string
Analysis :
on kinetic energy : from (i) :
1
dk = a 22 sin2 kx sin2 t dx
2
At node point : sinkx = 0
then dk = 0 (always at rech time)
At antinode point : sinkx = ±1
1
then dk = a 22 sin2 t dx
2
this equation suggest that kinetic energy will be
variable and it maximum when sint = 1  cost = 0
then string particle will beat mean position.
On potential Energy from (ii)
1
dU = a 22 cos2 kx cos2 t dx
2
At node point : sinkx = 0  coskx = ±1
And hence potential energy will be maximum at node and minimum (0) at antinode always
At node :
1
dU = a 22 cos2 t dx
2
Potential energy at node will be maximum when
cost = 1 and this instant all particles will be at extreme position
Analysis :
Energy between two node from (iii)
1 2 2 2 /2 2 /2 
E = 2 a  sin t  sin kx dx  cos t  cos kx dx
2 2
 0 0 
1 2 2   sin2 t  cos2 t  
E= a   4 4 
2 
a 22
E=  = const dues not depend on time.
8
Energy is confined between two node.
Explanation with mechanics
C
T

A B
T T
Here point A and B Due node points which displace ment are zero. Hence work done by tension will be
zero. And then energy will be conserved.
For point C : Tension component work and hence energy wil charge of particle and each half cycle work
done by tension will Zero. And energy will be conserved in each half cycle.
Method : 2
Since enegy between two nodes are conserved at reach instant of time. Now calculate energy when
string is at mean position and at mean position potential energy is zero. Hence total energy will be
equal to kinetic energy at mean position.
ADVST - 32
Wave on a string
At mean position :
E=U+K
Here U = 0
1
Now K =  (dm)v 2
2
1
K =  (dm)v 2 …(i)
2
dE
Now v= = –asinkxsint
dt
from (i) :
1
K =  (dx)a 22 sin2 kx sin2 t …(ii)
2

At mean position  = 0 cost = 0  t =
2
from (ii)
1
K =  a 22 sin2 kx dx
2
1 2 2/2 2 a 22
a   sin kx dx 
2 0 8
a 22 2
E=K= Put   s and  
8 K
1 (a)2
E =  s
4 k
ADVST - 33

Hint Solution String Waves English

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Wave on a string

HINTS & SOLUTIONS OF WAVE ON A STRING

A-2. A2 = A12 + A22 + 2A1 A2 cos 

A-3. (a)  = 2f = 10 Red/sec

A-5. (a) D, E, F  (slope = –ve  vp = +ve)

B-3. At the bottom end

B-4. T/2 = 5 m sec. (T is time period)

C-1. (a) f = 50Hz

D-1. Equation of reflected wave is

D-2. (a) aNetrqY; = 0

E-7. As end A is free so antinode is formed

A-4. Put , , A, x and t in the equation

A-5.  = 2f = 4 sec–1

A-6. Distance between boat = /2 = 10 m

B-3. Clear from the figure

C-1. p0 = A02 02 v

C-3. As <P> = 22 f2 A2 v put values

D-3. Amplitude varies between A1 + A2 to A1 – A2

D-6. Path difference is  between B and G.

Resultant Amplitude = 32  42 = 5m

E-1. As x = 0 is node  standing wave should be y = 2a sin kx sin t

E-7. y = a sin t cos Kx

2. v is same for all the waves.

For the pulse

7. Satisfy the standard equation of wave

Where r.d = relative density r.d = 1.26

T = M2g = M1g sin 30  M1 = 2M2

(a)  X = 7.5  = 60

14.  = 90cm = 0.9m

2*. Compare with y = a sin (t + Kx)

3*. Compare with y = A sin (t – Kx)

4*. Satisfy the standard equation of wave

8. y1 = A sin (2f + t – kx)

So A1 change with x (position)

11*. Use principle of superposition

13*. Compare with y = A sin Kx cos t

14*. =1m = 10 sin (80  t – 4x)

That is a triangular pulse

5. Aeq = A12  A 22  2A1A 2 cos 

(B)  = 628 sec–1

Possible modes of vibration

4. y(x,t)  e[ ax  bt]2

y(x,t)  e(ax bt)

5. Y = A sin(t – kx) + A sin(t + kx)

y = 2.2 × 1011 N/m2

7. Let mass per unit length be .

HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)

A = 1 × 10–6 m, T = 10g = 100N

So excluding the two nodes at ends total nodes is 3

If temperature decreases,s tension in wire increases and v increases

12. yp = 2 sin (100t + 300)

equation of standing wave :

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