Chapter 15

Apply It 15.1 Thus,

1. S (t ) = ∫ −4te0.1t dt
( )
P(t ) = 0.05(t ln t )2 − 0.05t 2 ln t − 0.025t 2 + C

= 0.05(t ln t ) 2 − 0.05t 2 ln t + 0.025t 2 + C

Let u = –4t and dv = e0.1t dt , so du = –4 dt, and
1 0.1t
v = ∫ e0.1t dt = e = 10e0.1t . Problems 15.1
0.1

∫ −4te
0.1t
( ) (
dt = (−4t ) 10e0.1t − ∫ 10e0.1t (−4)dt) 1. ∫ f ( x)dx = uv − ∫ v du
2 3 2 3
= −40te0.1t + ∫ 40e0.1t dt = x ⋅ ( x + 5) 2 − ∫ ( x + 5) 2 dx
3 3
e0.1t 2 3 2 2 5
= −40te0.1t + 40 +C = x( x + 5) 2 − ⋅ ( x + 5) 2 + C
0.1 3 3 5
= −40te0.1t + 400e0.1t + C 2 3 4 5
= x( x + 5) 2 − ( x + 5) 2 + C
S (t ) = −40te0.1t + 400e0.1t + C and S(0) = 5000 3 15

5000 = 0 + 400e0 + C 3 x +1
C = 4600
2. ∫ xe dx

S (t ) = −40te0.1t + 400e0.1t + 4600 If u = x and dv = e3 x +1dx, then du = dx and

1
v = e3 x +1.
2. P(t ) = ∫ 0.1t (ln t )2 dt 3
3 x +1 x 3 x +1 1 3 x +1
Let u = (ln t )2 and dv = 0.1t dt, so ∫ xe dx = 3 e − ∫ 3 e dx
⎛1⎞ 2 ln t x 1 1
du = 2(ln t ) ⎜ ⎟ dt = dt and = e3 x +1 − ⋅ ∫ e3 x +1[3 dx]
⎝ ⎠
t t 3 3 3
x 3 x +1 1 3 x +1
t2 = e − e +C
v = ∫ 0.1t dt = 0.1 = 0.05t 2 3 9
2 1
= e3 x +1 (3x − 1) + C
∫ 0.1t (ln t )
2
dt 9

( ⎝ t ⎠
)
⎛ 2ln t ⎞
= 0.05t 2 (ln t ) 2 − ∫ 0.05t 2 ⎜ ⎟ dt 3. ∫ xe
−x
dx

= 0.05(t ln t )2 − ∫ 0.1t ln t dt Letting u = x, dv = e − x dx , then du = dx,

v = −e − x .
For ∫ 0.1t ln t dt , let u = ln t and dv = 0.1t dt, so −x
dx = − xe− x − ∫ −e − x dx
1 ∫ xe
du = dt and v = 0.05t 2 .
t = − xe− x − ∫ e− x [−dx] = − xe− x − e − x + C

∫ 0.1t ln t dt = 0.05t
2
( ) ⎛1⎞
ln t − ∫ 0.05t 2 ⎜ ⎟ dt
⎝t⎠
= −e− x ( x + 1) + C

= 0.05t 2 ln t − ∫ 0.05t dt
t2
= 0.05t 2 ln t − 0.05 +C
2
= 0.05t 2 ln t − 0.025t 2 + C

622
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.1

⎛ t ⎞
∫ xe
ax
4. dx 8. ∫ ⎜⎝ et ⎟⎠ dt
Letting u = x, dv = e ax dx, then du = dx,
1 Letting u = t, dv = e −t dt , then du = dt, v = −e −t
v = eax . ⎛ t ⎞ −t −t
a
x ax 1
∫ ⎜⎝ et ⎟⎠ dt = −te − ∫ −e dt
∫ xe e − ∫ eax dx
ax
dx =
a a = −te−t − e−t + C = −e−t (t + 1) + C
x ax 1 ax
= e − e +C
a a2 9. ∫x ax + b dx
Letting u = x, dv = ax + b dx, then du = dx,
∫y
3
5. ln y dy
1 (ax + b)3/2 2
⎛1⎞ v= ⋅ = (ax + b)3/2 .
Letting u = ln y, dv = y3 dy , then du = ⎜ ⎟ dy , a 3 3a
⎝ y⎠ 2

y4 ∫ x ax + b dx
v= 2x 2
4 = (ax + b)3/2 − ∫ (ax + b)3/2 dx
3a 3a
y 4 ln y y4 ⎛ 1 ⎞
∫y −∫
3
ln y dy = ⎜ dy ⎟ 2x 3/2 2 (ax + b)5/2
4 4 ⎝y ⎠ = (ax + b) − ⋅ +C
3a 3a 2 5
2
y 4 ln y y3 y 4 ln y y 4
= −∫ dy = − +C =
2x
(ax + b)3/2 −
4
(ax + b)5/2 + C
4 4 4 16 3a 15a 2
y4 ⎡ 1⎤
= ⎢ln( y ) − 4 ⎥ + C
4 ⎣ ⎦ 12 x
10. ∫ 1 + 4x
dx

∫x
2
6. ln x dx − 12
Letting u = 12x, dv = (1 + 4 x) dx ,
2 1
Letting u = ln x, dv = x dx , then du = dx , 1 1

x then du = 12dx, v = (1 + 4 x) 2
2
x3 1
v= 12 x 1 + 4x (1 + 4 x) 2
3 ∫ 1 + 4x
dx = 12 x ⋅
2
−∫
2
⋅12dx
3 3
x ln x x ⎛1 ⎞
∫ x ln x dx = − ∫ ⎜ dx ⎟
2 3
3 3 ⎝x ⎠ = 6 x 1 + 4 x − (1 + 4 x) 2 + C

x3 ln x x3 x3 ⎡ 1⎤ = 4 x − 1[6 x − (1 + 4 x)] + C
= − +C = ln( x) − ⎥ + C
3 9 3 ⎢⎣ 3⎦ = (2 x − 1) 4 x + 1 + C

x
7. ∫ ln(4 x) dx 11. ∫ (5 x + 2)3 dx
⎛1⎞
Letting u = ln(4x), dv = dx, then du = ⎜ ⎟ dx , Letting u = x, dv = (5 x + 3)−3 dx, then du = dx
⎝x⎠
1
v = x. and v = − (5 x + 3) −2 .
⎛1 ⎞ 10
∫ ln(4 x)dx = x ln(4 x) − ∫ x ⎜⎝ x dx ⎟⎠
= x ln(4 x) − ∫ dx = x ln(4 x) − x + C
= x[ln(4x) – 1] + C

623
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

x 2
∫ (5x + 2)3 dx ∫1 4 xe
2x
15. dx

x 1 Letting u = 4x, dv = e 2x dx , then du = 4dx,

=− −∫− (5 x + 3)−2 dx
10(5 x + 3)2 10 1
v = e2 x
1 (5 x + 3)−1
2
x
=− + ⋅ +C 2 2
10(5 x + 3)2 10 5(−1)
∫1 4 xe
2x
dx = ⎡ 2 xe2 x − ∫ 2e2 x dx ⎤
⎣ ⎦1
x 1
=− − +C 2 2
10(5 x + 3)2 50(5 x + 3) = ⎡ 2 xe 2 x − e2 x ⎤ = e 2 x (2 x − 1)
⎣ ⎦1 1

12.
ln( x + 1) 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
∫ 2( x + 1) dx = 2 ∫ ln( x + 1) ⎢⎣ x + 1 dx ⎥⎦
= e4 (3) − e 2 (1) = e2 3e 2 − 1 ( )
(Form: ∫ u n du )
2 −3 x
16. ∫1 2 xe dx
2
ln( x + 1) ln( x + 1) Letting u = 2x, dv = e −3 x dx, then du = 2 dx and
∫ 2( x + 1) dx = 4
+C
1
v = − e −3 x .
3
ln x
13. ∫ x2
dx
2 −3 x
1 ∫1 2 xe dx
Letting u = ln x, dv = x −2 dx , then du = dx , 2
x ⎡ 2 xe−3 x 2 ⎤
= ⎢− − ∫ − e−3 x dx ⎥
v = − x −1 .
⎣⎢ 3 3 ⎦⎥ 1
ln x ln x −1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
∫ x 2 dx = − x − ∫ − x ⎜⎝ x dx ⎟⎠ ⎡ 2 xe−3 x 2 e −3 x ⎤
2

= ⎢− + ⋅ ⎥
ln x ln x 1 ⎣⎢ 3 3 −3 ⎦⎥
=− + ∫ x −2 dx = − − +C 1
x x x 2
⎡ 2 xe−3 x 2e −3 x ⎤
1 = ⎢− − ⎥
= − (1 + ln x) + C
x ⎣⎢ 3 9 ⎦⎥
1
2
⎡ 2e −3 x ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
2x + 7 = ⎢−
14. ∫ dx ⎜ x + 3 ⎟⎥
33 x ⎣⎢ 3 ⎝ ⎠ ⎦⎥
1
Letting u = 2x + 7, dv = e −3 x dx, then du = 2 dx ⎡ 2e −6 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ 2e −3 ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
= ⎢− ⎜ 2 + 3 ⎟⎥ − ⎢ − 3 ⎜1 + 3 ⎟ ⎥
1 ⎣⎢ 3 ⎝ ⎠ ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦⎥
and v = − e−3 x .
3 2e −6 ⎡ 7 3 ⎛ 4 ⎞ ⎤
2x + 7 2 x + 7 2 −3 x =− ⎢ − e ⎜ ⎟⎥
∫ e3x dx = − 3e3x + 3 ∫ e dx 3 ⎣3 ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦
2
2x + 7 2 =− [7 − 4e3 ]
=− − +C 9e 6
3x
3e 9 e3 x
1 − x2 1 1 − x2
∫0 xe 2 ∫0 ∫e
u
17. dx = − e (−2 x dx ) (Form: du )
1
1 1 −1
( 1
) ( )
2
= − e− x =− e − 1 = 1 − e−1
2 0 2 2

624
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.1

18. ∫
3x3
dx
For ∫ ln( x)dx , let u = ln x, dv = dx. Then
4 − x2 ⎛1⎞
du ⎜ ⎟ dx , v = x, so
⎝x⎠
( )
− 12
Letting u = 3x 2 , dv = x 4 − x 2 dx , then
⎛1 ⎞
du = 6x dx, ∫ ln( x)dx = x ln x − ∫ x ⎜⎝ x dx ⎟⎠ = x[ln( x) − 1] + C1 .
( )
1
v = − 4 − x2 dx = x ⎡(ln x)2 − 2 ln( x) + 2⎤ + C .
2
∫ (ln x)
. 2
Thus
⎣ ⎦
3x3
∫ dx 21. ∫ 3(2 x − 2) ln( x − 2)dx
4 − x2
Letting u = 3 ln(x − 2), dv = (2x − 2)dx, then
( ) ( )
1 1
= −3 x 2 4 − x 2 − ∫ − 4 − x2
2 2
(6 x dx) 3
du = dx and v = x 2 − 2 x = x( x − 2).
x−2
(4 − x ) ( ) +C
1 3
= −3 x 2 2
− 2 4 − x2
2 2

∫ 3(2 x − 2) ln( x − 2)dx

= − 4 − x 2 ⎡3 x 2 + 2 ( 4 − x )⎤ + C
2
= 3 x( x − 2) ln( x − 2) − ∫ x( x − 2) ⋅
3
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ dx
x−2
(
= − x2 + 8 ) 4 − x2 + C = 3 x( x − 2) ln( x − 2) − ∫ 3x dx
3 2
= 3 x( x − 2) ln( x − 2) − x +C
8 4x 2
19. ∫5 9− x
dx
xe x
Letting u = 4x, dv = (9 − x)−1/2 dx, then 22. ∫ ( x + 1)2 dx
(9 − x)1/2
du = 4 dx and v = −1 ⋅
1
= −2(9 − x)1/2 . Letting u = xe x , dv = ( x + 1)−2 dx , then
du = ( x + 1)e x dx , v = −( x + 1)−1 .
2
8 4x
∫5 9− x
dx xe x xe x
∫ ( x + 1)2 dx = − x + 1 + ∫ e
x
dx
8 8
= −8 x 9 − x + 8 ∫ 9 − x dx
5 5 xe x
8 =− + ex + C
8(9 − x) 3/2 x +1
= −8(8) 9 − 8 + 8(5) 9 − 5 −
3 ⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ x +1− x ⎞ ex
2 5 = e x ⎜1 − ⎟ = ex ⎜ ⎟ +C = +C
16 ⎝ x +1 ⎠ ⎝ x +1 ⎠ x +1
= −64 + 80 − [(9 − 8)3/2 − (9 − 5)3/2 ]
3
∫x
2 x
16 23. e dx
= 16 − (1 − 8)
3
160 Letting u = x 2 , dv = e x dx , then du = 2x dx and
=
3 v = ex .
∫x e dx = x 2 e x − ∫ e x (2 x dx)
2 x

∫ (ln x)
2
20. dx
= x 2 e x − 2∫ xe x dx
2
Letting u = (ln x) , dv = dx, then
∫ xe
x
For dx , let u = x, dv = e x dx . Then du = dx,
⎡ 2 ln x ⎤
du = ⎢ ⎥ dx , v = x. v = e x and
⎣ x ⎦
∫ xe dx = xe x − ∫ e x dx = xe x − e x + C1
x
⎡ 2 ln x ⎤
∫ (ln x) dx = x(ln x) − ∫ x ⎢⎣ x dx ⎥⎦
2 2
= e x ( x − 1) + C1 .
= x(ln x) 2 − 2∫ ln( x)dx

625
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

e dx = x 2 e x − 2 ⎡ e x ( x − 1) ⎤ + C
Thus,
∫x
2 x
Thus
⎣ ⎦ 1 2 3x 2 ⎛ 1 3 x 1 3 x ⎞
∫x
2 3x
e dx = x e − ⎜ xe − e ⎟ + C
(
= e x x2 − 2 x + 2 + C . ) 3
1 3x
3⎝3 9 ⎠
= e (9 x 2 − 6 x − 2) + C
4 4 27
24. ∫1 x ln( x9 )dx = 9∫ x1/2 ln x dx
1
3 x2
Letting u = ln x and dv = x1/2 dx, then du =
1
dx
27. ∫x e dx
x 2
Letting u = x 2 , dv = xe x dx , then du = 2x dx,
2 3/2
and v = x . ⎛1⎞ 2
3 v = ⎜ ⎟ ex .
4 ⎝2⎠
9∫ x1/2 ln x dx 2 2
1 2 x2e x ex
∫ x e dx = −∫
4 3 x
2 2 4 x3/2 (2 x dx)
= 9 ⋅ ln x ⋅ x3/2 − 9 ⋅ ∫ dx 2 2
3 1 3 1 x 2 2 2

= 6x 3/2
ln x − 6∫
4
1 1
4 1/2
x dx =
x2e x
2
−
ex
2
+C =
ex
2
( x − 1) + C
2

4
x3/2 5 x2
= 6(4 3/2
ln 4 − 1 3/2
ln1) − 6 ⋅
3
28. ∫x e dx
2 2
1
2 3/2 3/2 Letting u = x 4 and dv = xe x dx, then
= 48ln 2 − 4(4 −1 )
1 2
= 96 ln 2 − 28 du = 4 x3 dx and v = e x .
2

∫( ) ( )
2 x4 x2 1 2
x − e− x dx = ∫ x 2 − 2 xe − x + e−2 x dx
2
∫ x e dx = e − ∫ e x ⋅ 4 x3 dx
5 x
25.
2 2
3 −2 x x4 x2
x e 2
= − − 2∫ xe− x dx = e − 2 ∫ x3e x dx
3 2 2
−x 3 x2
Using Problem 3 for ∫ xe dx , Using Problem 27 for ∫x e dx,
x 3 e −2 x
∫(x − e )
−x
2 x4 x2 ⎡1 2 ⎤
+ 2e− x ( x + 1) + C
2
dx = − ∫ x e dx =
5 x
e − 2 ⋅ ⎢ e x ( x 2 − 1) ⎥ + C
3 2 2 ⎣2 ⎦
x4 x2 2
= e − e x ( x 2 − 1) + C
∫x
2 3x
26. e dx 2
1 x2 4
Letting u = x 2 , dv = e3 x dx, then du = 2x dx and = e ( x − 2 x 2 + 2) + C
2
1
v = e3 x .
3
∫ (e + x )2 dx = ∫ (e2 x + 2 xe x + x 2 )dx
x
29.
1 2 3x 1 3x
∫ x e dx = 3 x e − ∫ 3 e ⋅ 2 x dx
2 3x
= ∫ e2 x dx + ∫ 2 xe x dx + ∫ x 2 dx
1 2
= x 2 e3 x − ∫ xe3 x dx For ∫ 2 xe
x
dx, let u = 2x, dv = e x dx. Then
3 3
du = 2dx, v = e x , and
∫ xe
3x
For dx, let u = x, dv = e3 x dx, then
∫ 2 xe dx = 2 xe x − 2 ∫ e x dx = 2 xe x − 2e x + C.
x
1
du = dx, v = e3 x , and
3 1 2x x3
∫ (e + x) dx =
x 2
Thus e + 2 xe x − 2e x + +C
1 1 3x
∫ xe dx = 3 xe − ∫ 3 e dx 2 3
3x 3x
1 x3
1 1 = e 2 x + 2e x ( x − 1) + +C
= xe3 x − e3 x + C1. 2 3
3 9

626
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.1

d ⎡ ⎛ ⎤
ln ⎜ x + x 2 + 1 ⎞⎟ ⎥ ∫ xe = xe x − ∫ e x dx = xe x − e x = e x ( x − 1).
x
30.
dx ⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦ 1
1 2 x
1 ⎛
⎜1 +
x ⎞
⎟
Thus ∫0 x e dx = ( x 2 e x − 2[e x ( x − 1)])
= 0
x + x 2 + 1 ⎜⎝ x 2 + 1 ⎟⎠
1
x 2
= (e [ x − 2 x + 2])
0
1 ⎛ x2 + 1 + x ⎞ 1 = e−2
= ⎜ ⎟=
The area is (e − 2) sq units.
x + x 2 + 1 ⎜⎝ x 2 + 1 ⎟⎠ x2 + 1

For ∫ ln ⎛⎜ x + x 2 + 1 ⎞⎟ dx , let
2
33. Area = ∫ x 2 ln x dx.
⎝ ⎠ 1

⎛ ⎞ 1
2
u = ln ⎜ x + x + 1 ⎟ , dv = dx. Then Letting u = ln x, dv = x 2 dx, then du = dx,
⎝ ⎠ x
1 x3
du = dx , v = x, and v= .
2
x +1 3
2
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ x3 x3 1 ⎞
∫ ln ⎜⎝ x + x + 1 ⎟⎠ dx
2 2 2
∫1
x ln x dx = ⎜ ln x − ∫ ⋅ dx ⎟
⎜ 3 3 x ⎟⎠
⎝ 1
( )
− 12
= x ln ⎛⎜ x + x 2 + 1 ⎞⎟ − ∫ x x 2 + 1 dx ⎛ x3 ⎞
2
⎝ ⎠ 1
= ⎜ ln x − ∫ x 2 dx ⎟
⎜ 3 ⎟
+ 1 ⎞⎟ − ∫ ( x + 1)
−2 1
⎝ 3 ⎠1
= x ln ⎛⎜ x + x 2
1 2
[2 x dx]
⎝ ⎠ 2 ⎛ x3
2
1 ⎞
= ⎜ ln x − x3 ⎟
= x ln ⎛⎜ x + x 2 + 1 ⎞⎟ − x 2 + 1 + C ⎜ 3 9 ⎟⎠
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 1
⎛8 8⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
= ⎜ ln 2 − ⎟ − ⎜ 0 − ⎟
e3 ⎝3 9⎠ ⎝ 9⎠
31. Area = ∫ (ln x)dx . Letting u = ln x, dv = dx,
1 8 7
= ln(2) −
⎛1⎞ 3 9
then du = ⎜ ⎟ dx , v = x.
⎝x⎠ ⎛8 7⎞
The area is ⎜ ln(2) − ⎟ sq units.
e3 ⎝3 9⎠
e3 ⎡ 1 ⎤
∫1 (ln x)dx = ⎢ ( x ln x) − ∫ x ⋅ dx ⎥
⎣ x ⎦1
34. p = 5(q + 5)e−( q +5)/5 = 5(q + 5)e −0.2 q −1
e3
e3 When q = 7, p = 60e−2.4 .
= ⎡ ( x ln x) − ∫ dx ⎤ = [ x ln( x) − x]
⎣ ⎦1 7
1 CS = ∫ [5(q + 5)e−0.2 q −1 − 60e−2.4 ]dq
0
= ⎡ e3 ⋅ 3 − e3 ⎤ − [1 ⋅ 0 − 1] = 2e3 + 1
7 7
⎣ ⎦ = 5∫ (q + 5)e−0.2 q −1dq − 60∫ e −2.4 dq
0 0
The area is (2e3 + 1) sq units. For the first integral, let u = q + 5,
dv = e−0.2 q −1dq. Then du = dq, v = −5e −0.2 q −1 ,
1
32. Area = ∫ x 2 e x dx.
7
0
and 5∫ (q + 5)e −0.2 q −1dq
0
Letting u = x 2 , dv = e x dx, then du = 2x dx and ⎡ 7 7 ⎤
= 5 ⎢(q + 5)(−5e −0.2 q −1) + 5∫ e−0.2 q −1dq ⎥
v = ex. ⎣ 0 0 ⎦
⎡ 7 ⎤
e −0.2 q −1 ⎥
∫x e = x 2 e x − 2 ∫ xe x dx
2 x
= 5 ⎢12(−5e −2.4 ) − 5(−5e−1 ) + 5 ⋅
⎢ −0.2 ⎥
∫ xe
x
For dx, let u = x and dv = e x dx, then ⎣ 0⎦
= 5[−60e −2.4 + 25e−1 − 25(e−2.4 − e−1 )]
du = dx and v = e x .
= −425e −2.4 + 250e−1
627
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

7 x
Thus, CS = −425e−2.4 + 250e−1 − 60e−2.4 q So ∫f
−1
( x) dx = xf −1 ( x) − ∫ dx.
0 f ′( f −1 ( x))
= −425e−2.4 + 250e−1 − 60e−2.4 (7) x
≈ $15.31 To evaluate ∫ f ′( f −1 ( x)) dx we will use the fact
35. a. Consider ∫ p dq . Letting u = p, dv = dq, that x = f ( f −1 ( x)) and
dp 1
then du = dq , v = q. Thus ( f −1 )′( x) = .
dq
f ′( f −1 ( x))
dp dp
∫ p dq = pq − ∫ q dq dq = r − ∫ q dq dq Hence
x −1
∫ f ′( f −1 ( x)) dx = ∫ f ( f ( x)) ⋅ ( f −1 )′( x) dx
(since r = pq).

b.
dp
From (a), r = ∫ p dq + ∫ q dq . = F ( f −1 ( x))
dq since F ′ = f . Finally,
Combining the integrals gives −1
∫f ( x) dx = xf −1 ( x ) − F ( f −1 ( x)) + C.
⎛ dp ⎞
r = ∫ ⎜ p + q ⎟ dq .
⎝ dq ⎠ Apply It 15.2
dr dp
c. From (b), = p+q . Thus 5(q + 4)
dq dq 3. r (q) = ∫ r ′(q)dq = ∫ dq
2
q + 4q + 3
q0 ⎛ dp ⎞
∫0 ⎜ p + q ⎟ dq
⎝ dq ⎠ Express
5(q + 4)
2
as a sum of partial
q + 4q + 3
q0 dr
=∫ dq = r ( q0 ) − r (0) = r ( q0 ) fractions.
0 dq 5(q + 4) 5(q + 4) A B
= = +
[since r(0) = 0]. 2
q + 4q + 3 ( q + 1)( q + 3) q + 1 q +3

∫ f ( x )e
x 5(q + 4) = A(q + 3) + B(q + 1)
36. dx
5
Letting u = f(x), dv = e x dx , then du = f ′( x)dx , When q = –3, we get 5(1) = –2B, so B = − .
2
v = e x . Using integration by parts, 15
When q = –1, we get 5(3) = A(2), so A = .
∫ f ( x)e dx = f ( x)e − ∫ f ′( x)e dx . Thus
x x x 2
5(q + 4)
r (q) = ∫
∫ f ( x)e dx + ∫ f ′( x)e dx = f ( x)e + C dx
x x x
2
q + 4q + 3
15 5
37. f and its inverse f −1
satisfy the equation =∫ 2 dq − ∫ 2 dq
q +1 q+3
f ( f −1 ( x)) = x. Differentiating this equation 15 5
using the Chain Rule we get: = ln q + 1 − ln q + 3 + C
2 2
f ′( f −1 ( x)) ⋅ ( f −1 )′( x) = 1. Thus 5 (q + 1)3
1 = ln +C
( f −1 )′( x) = . Now to evaluate 2 q+3
f ′( f −1 ( x))
5 1 5
f −1 ( x) dx we will use integration by parts, Since r(0) = 0, 0 = ln + C so C = ln 3 and
∫ 2 3 2
letting u = f −1 ( x) and dv = dx. Then 5 3(q + 1)3
r (q) = ln .
1 2 q+3
du = dx and v = x.
f ′( f −1 ( x))

628
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.2

300t 3 2 x 2 − 15 −10 x − 15
4. V (t ) = ∫ V ′(t )dt = ∫ dt 4. = 2+(by long division).
2 2
t +6 x + 5x x2 + 5x
Since the degree of the numerator is greater than −10 x − 15 −10 x − 15 A B
the degree of the denominator, we first divide = = +
2
x + 5x x( x + 5) x x+5
300t 3 by t 2 + 6 to reduce the fraction. –10x – 15 = A(x + 5) + Bx. If x = 0, then
300t 3 300t 3 + 1800t − 1800t –15 = 5A, or A = –3. If x = –5, then 35 = –5B,
= or B = –7.
t2 + 6 t2 + 6
( )
3 7
300t t 2 + 6 − 1800t Answer: 2 − −
1800t x x+5
= = 300t −
2
t +6 t2 + 6
3x − 1 3x − 1 A B
t 2 + 6 is irreducible. To integrate
1800t
, let 5. f ( x) = = = +
2
x − 2 x + 1 ( x − 1) 2 x − 1 ( x − 1)2
t2 + 6
3x − 1 = A(x − 1) + B
u = t 2 + 6 , so du = 2t dt
If x = 1, then 2 = B. If x = 0, then −1 = −A + B,
300t 3 1800t A = 1 + B = 1 + 2 = 3, or A = 3.
∫ t 2 + 6 dt = ∫ 300t dt − ∫ t 2 + 6 dt 3 2
Answer: +
= 150t 2 − 900 ln t 2 + 6 + C x − 1 ( x − 1)2

(
V (t ) = 150t 2 − 900 ln t 2 + 6 + C ) 6.
2x + 3
=
A B
+ +
C
2
x ( x − 1) x x2 x − 1
Problems 15.2
2 x + 3 = Ax( x − 1) + B ( x − 1) + Cx 2
10 x 10 x A B If x = 0, then 3 = –B, or B = –3. If x = 1, then
1. = = + 5 = C. If x = –1, then 1 = 2A – 2B + C,
2
x + 7x + 6 ( x + 6)( x + 1) x + 6 x + 1
1 = 2A + 6 + 5, or A = –5.
10 x = A( x + 1) + B ( x + 6)
5 3 5
If x = –1, then –10 = 5B, or B = –2. If x = –6, Answer: − − +
then –60 = –5A, or A = 12. x x 2 x −1
12 2
Answer − x2 + 3 x2 + 3 A Bx + C
x + 6 x +1 7. = = +
x+5 x+5 A B
3
x +x ( ) x x2 + 1 x x2 + 1
= = +
+ 3 = A ( x + 1) + ( Bx + C ) x
2.
2
x −1 ( x − 1)( x + 1) x − 1 x +1 x2 2

x + 5 = A(x + 1) + B(x – 1)
If x = –1, then 4 = –2B, or B = –2. If x = 1, then x 2 + 3 = ( A + B ) x 2 + Cx + A
6 = 2A, or A = 3. Thus A + B = 1, C = 0, A = 3. This gives A = 3,
3 2 B = –2, C = 0.
Answer −
x −1 x +1 Answer: −
3 2x
x x2 + 1
2 x2 −10 x − 12
3. = 2+
2
x + 5x + 6 x2 + 5x + 6 3x 2 + 5 Ax + B Cx + D
8. = +
−10 x − 12 −10 x − 12
(x ) (x )
A B 2
x +42 2
= = + 2
+4 2
+4
2
x + 5x + 6 ( x + 2)( x + 3) x + 2 x +3
−10x − 12 = A(x + 3) + B(x + 2)
If x = −3, then 18 = −B, or B = −18.
(
3x 2 + 5 = ( Ax + B ) x 2 + 4 + (Cx + D ) )
If x = −2, then 8 = A. 3x 2 + 5 = Ax3 + Bx 2 + (4 A + C ) x + (4 B + D )
8 18 Thus A = 0, B = 3, 4A + C = 0, 4B + D = 5. This
Answer: 2 + −
x+2 x+3

629
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

gives A = 0, B = 3, C = 0, D = –7. 3x3 − 3x + 4 1 3 x3 − 3 x + 4

3 7 13. = ⋅
Answer: − 4 x2 − 4 4 x2 − 1
( )
2 2
x +4 x2 + 4 1⎛ 4 ⎞
= ⎜ 3x + ⎟
4⎝ 2
x −1 ⎠
5x − 2 5x − 2 A B 4 4 A B
9. = = + = = +
2
x −x x ( x − 1) x x −1 2
x −1 ( x − 1)( x + 1) x − 1 x +1
5x – 2 = A(x – 1) + Bx 4 = A(x + 1) + B(x – 1)
If x = 1, then 3 = B. If x = 0, then –2 = –A, or If x = –1, then 4 = –2B, or B = –2. If x = 1, then
A = 2. 4 = 2A, or A = 2.
5x − 2 ⎛2 3 ⎞ 3x3 − 3 x + 4 1 ⎛ −2 ⎞
∫ x 2 − x dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ x + x − 1 ⎟⎠ dx 2
∫ 4 x2 − 4 dx = 4 ∫ ⎜⎝ 3x + x − 1 + x + 1 ⎟⎠ dx
= 2 ln x + 3ln x − 1 + C = ln x 2 ( x − 1)3 + C ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎡ 3x
2 ⎤
= ⎜ ⎟⎢ + 2 ln x − 1 − 2 ln x + 1 ⎥ + C
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
15 x + 5 15 x + 5 A B
10. = = +
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎡ 3x x −1 ⎤
2
2
x + 5x x ( x + 5) x x +5 2
= ⎜ ⎟⎢ + ln ⎥+C
15x + 5 = A(x + 5) + Bx ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎢⎣ 2 x +1 ⎥
If x = 0, then 5 = 5A + 0, or A = 1. ⎦
If x = 1, then 20 = 6A + B = 6 + B, or B = 14.
15 x + 5 7(4 − x 2 ) 7(2 + x)(2 − x)
⎛ 1 14 ⎞ =
∫ x2 + 5 x dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ x + x + 5 ⎟⎠ dx
14.
( x − 4)( x − 2)( x + 3) ( x − 4)( x − 2)( x + 3)
= ln x + 14 ln x + 5 + C −7( x + 2) A B
= = +
( x − 4)( x + 3) x − 4 x + 3
x + 10 x + 10 A B −7(x + 2) = A(x + 3) + B(x − 4)
11. = = +
2
x −x−2 ( x + 1)( x − 2) x + 1 x −2 If x = −3, then 7 = −7B, or B = −1. If x = 4, then
x + 10 = A(x – 2) + B(x + 1) −42 = 7A, or A = −6.
If x = 2, then 12 = 3B, or B = 4. If x = –1, then 7(4 − x 2 ) ⎛ −6 −1 ⎞
9 = –3A, or A = –3. ∫ ( x − 4)( x − 2)( x + 3) dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ x − 4 + x + 3 ⎟⎠ dx
x + 10 ⎛ −3 4 ⎞
∫ x 2 − x − 2 dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ x + 1 + x − 2 ⎟⎠ dx = −6 ln x − 4 − ln x + 3 + C

= − ln ( x − 4)6 ( x + 3) + C
( x − 2)4
= −3ln x + 1 + 4 ln x − 2 + C = ln +C
( x + 1)3
19 x 2 − 5 x − 36 19 x 2 − 5 x − 36
15. =
2x −1 2x −1 A B 2 x3 − 2 x 2 − 12 x 2 x( x − 3)( x + 2)
12. = = + A B C
2
x − x − 12 ( x − 4)( x + 3) x − 4 x + 3 = + +
2x x − 3 x + 2
2x − 1 = A(x + 3) + B(x − 4)
If x = −3, then −7 = −7B, or B = 1. If x = 4, then 19 x 2 − 5 x − 36
7 = 7A, or A = 1. = ( x − 3)( x + 2) A + 2 x( x + 2) B + 2 x( x − 3)C
2x −1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ If x = 0, then −36 = −6A, or A = 6.
∫ x 2 − x − 12 dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ x − 4 + x + 3 ⎟⎠ dx If x = 3, then 120 = 30B, or B = 4.
= ln x − 4 + ln x + 3 + C = ln ( x − 4)( x + 3) + C

630
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.2

5
If x = −2, then 50 = 20C, or C = .
2
19 x 2 − 5 x − 36
∫ 2 x3 − 2 x 2 − 12 x dx
6 4 5 1
=∫ dx + ∫ dx + ∫ dx
2x x −3 2 x+2
5
= 3ln x + 4 ln x − 3 + ln x + 2 + C
2

4− x 4− x A B C D
16. = = + + +
4
x −x 2 2
x ( x + 1)( x − 1) x x2 x + 1 x − 1
4 − x = Ax( x + 1)( x − 1) + B( x + 1)( x − 1) + Cx 2 ( x − 1) + Dx 2 ( x + 1)
5 3
If x = 0, then 4 = −B, or B = −4. If x = −1, then 5 = −2C, or C = − . If x = 1, then 3 = 2D, or D = . If x = 2,
2 2
then 2 = 6A + 3B + 4C + 12D, 2 = 6A − 12 − 10 + 18, or 2 = 6A − 4, so A = 1.
4− x ⎛1 4 − 52 3 ⎞
∫ x 4 − x 2 dx = ∫ ⎜ x − x2 + x + 1 + x − 1 ⎟⎟ dx
⎜ 2

⎝ ⎠
4 5 3
= ln x + − ln x + 1 + ln x − 1 + C
x 2 2
4 1 x 2 ( x − 1)3
= + ln +C
x 2 ( x + 1)5

∫ x6 + 2 x4 − x2 − 2dx = ∫ x6 + 2 x 4 − x 2 − 2 ⎡⎣⎢( 6 x )
2(3x5 + 4 x3 − x)
+ 8 x3 − 2 x dx ⎤
1 5
17.
⎦⎥
⎛ ⎛1⎞ ⎞
⎜ Form: ∫ ⎜ ⎟ du ⎟ (Partial fractions not required.)
⎝ ⎝u⎠ ⎠
Answer: ln x6 + 2 x 4 − x 2 − 2 + C

x 4 − 2 x3 + 6 x 2 − 11x + 2 7 x 2 − 13x + 2
18. = x +1+
x3 − 3x 2 + 2 x x3 − 3x 2 + 2 x
7 x 2 − 13x + 2 7 x 2 − 13x + 2 A B C
= = + +
x − 3x + 2 x x( x − 1)( x − 2) x x − 1 x − 2
3 2

7 x 2 − 13x + 2 = A( x − 1)( x − 2) + Bx( x − 2) + Cx( x − 1)

If x = 0, then 2 = 2A, or A = 1. If x = 1, then −4 = −B, or B = 4. If x = 2, then 4 = 2C, or C = 2.
x 4 − 2 x3 + 6 x 2 − 11x + 2 ⎛ 1 4 2 ⎞
∫ 3 2
x − 3x + 2 x
= ∫ ⎜ x +1+ +
⎝ x x − 1
+
x −
⎟ dx
2⎠
x2
= + x + ln x + 4 ln x − 1 + 2 ln x − 2 + C
2
x2
= + x + ln x( x − 1)4 ( x − 2)2 + C
2

631
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

2 x2 − 5 x − 2 A B C
19. = + +
2
( x − 2) ( x − 1) x − 1 x − 2 ( x − 2)2
2 x 2 − 5 x − 2 = A( x − 2)2 + B ( x − 1)( x − 2) + C ( x − 1)
If x = 1, then –5 = A. If x = 2, then –4 = C.
If x = 0, then –2 = 4A + 2B – C, –2 = –20 + 2B + 4, or B = 7.
2 x2 − 5x − 2 ⎡ −5 7 −4 ⎤
∫ ( x − 2)2 ( x − 1) dx = ∫ ⎢⎢ x − 1 + x − 2 + ( x − 2)2 ⎥⎥ dx
⎣ ⎦
4 4 ( x − 2)7
= −5ln x − 1 + 7 ln x − 2 + +C = + ln +C
x−2 x−2 ( x − 1)5

5 x3 + x 2 + x − 3 5 x3 + x 2 + x − 3
A B C D
20. = + + + =
4
x −x 3
x ( x − 1) x x 3
2
x 3 x −1
5 x + x + x − 3 = Ax ( x − 1) + Bx( x − 1) + C ( x − 1) + Dx3
3 2 2

If x = 0, −3 = −C, or C = 3.
If x = 1, 4 = D.
If x = −1, −8 = −2A + 2B − 2C − D, or 2 = −2A + 2B and 1 = −A + B.
If x = 2, 43 = 4A + 2B + C + 8D, or 8 = 4A + 2B and −4 = −2A − B.
This gives A = 1 and B = 2.
5 x3 + x 2 + x − 3 1 1 1 1
∫ x −x4 3
dx = ∫ x dx + 2∫ x2 dx + 3∫ x3 dx + 4∫ x − 1 dx
x −1 x −2
= ln x + 2 ⋅ +3 + 4 ln x − 1 + C
−1 −2
2 3
= ln x( x − 1)4 − − +C
x 2x2

2( x 2 + 8) 2 x 2 + 16 A Bx + C
21. = = +
3
x + 4x (
x x +4 2
) x x2 + 4

(
2 x 2 + 16 = A x 2 + 4 + ( Bx + C ) x )
2 x 2 + 16 = ( A + B) x 2 + Cx + 4 A
Thus A + B = 2, C = 0, 4A = 16. This gives A = 4, B = –2, C = 0.
⎡ x4 ⎤
∫
2( x 2 + 8)
x3 + 4 x
⎛4
dx = ∫ ⎜ +
−2 x ⎞
⎟
⎝ x x2 + 4 ⎠
dx = 4
1
dx −
1
∫ x ∫ x2 + 4 [2 x dx ] = 4 ln x − ln x 2
+ 4 + C = ln (
⎢ 2 ) ⎥+C
⎣⎢ x + 4 ⎦⎥

4 x3 − 3 x 2 + 2 x − 3 Ax + B C D
22. = + +
2
( x + 3)( x + 1)( x − 2) 2
x +3 x +1 x − 2
4 x3 − 3x 2 + 2 x − 3 = ( Ax + B)( x + 1)( x − 2) + C ( x 2 + 3)( x − 2) + D ( x 2 + 3)( x + 1)
If x = −1, then −12 = −12C, or C = 1.
If x = 2, then 21 = 21D, or D = 1.
If x = 0, then −3 = −2B − 6C + 3D, −3 = −2B − 6 + 3, 0 = −2B, or B = 0.

632
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.2

If x = 1, then 0 = −2(A + B) − 4C + 8D, 0 = −2A − 4 + 8, −4 = −2A, or A = 2.

4 x3 − 3 x 2 + 2 x − 3 ⎛ 2x 1 1 ⎞
∫ ( x 2 + 3)( x + 1)( x − 2) dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ x2 + 3 + x + 1 + x − 2 ⎟⎠ dx
= ln( x 2 + 3) + ln x + 1 + ln x − 2 + C
= ln ( x 2 + 3)( x + 1)( x − 2) + C

− x3 + 8 x 2 − 9 x + 2 Ax + B C D
23. = + +
( x + 1) ( x − 3)
2 2 2
x +1 x − 3 ( x − 3)2

( ) (
− x3 + 8 x 2 − 9 x + 2 = ( Ax + B)( x − 3)2 + C ( x − 3) x 2 + 1 + D x 2 + 1 )
= ( Ax + B) ( x − 6 x + 9 ) +C ( x
2 3
) (
− 3x 2 + x − 3 + D x2 + 1 )
3 2
= ( A + C ) x + ( B − 6 A − 3C + D) x + (9 A − 6 B + C ) x + (9 B − 3C + D)
Thus A + C = –1, B – 6A – 3C + D = 8, 9A – 6B + C = –9, 9B – 3C + D = 2. This gives A = –1, B = 0, C = 0,
D = 2.
⎛ −x 2 ⎞
− x3 + 8 x 2 − 9 x + 2 0 1
( 2
∫ x 2 + 1 ( x − 3)2 dx = ∫ ⎜⎜ x 2 + 1 + x − 3 + ( x − 3)2 ⎟⎟ dx = − 2 ln x + 1 − x − 3 + C
2
)
( ) ⎝ ⎠

5 x 4 + 9 x2 + 3 A Bx + C Dx + E
24. = + +
2 2 x x + 1 ( x 2 + 1)2
2
x( x + 1)
5 x 4 + 9 x 2 + 3 = A( x 2 + 1)2 + ( Bx + C ) x( x 2 + 1) + ( Dx + E ) x
= A( x 4 + 2 x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x3 + x) + Dx 2 + Ex
= ( A + B) x 4 + Cx3 + (2 A + B + D) x 2 + (C + E ) x + A
Thus, A + B = 5, C = 0, 2A + B + D = 9, C + E = 0, and A = 3. This gives A = 3, B = 2, C = 0, D = 1, and E = 0.
5x4 + 9 x2 + 3 ⎛3 2x x ⎞
∫ x( x 2 + 1)2 dx = ∫ ⎜⎜ x + x2 + 1 + ( x 2 + 1)2 ⎟⎟ dx
⎝ ⎠
2 1
= 3ln x + ln x + 1 − +C
2( x 2 + 1)
1
= ln x3 ( x 2 + 1) − +C
2
2( x + 1)

7 x3 + 24 x Ax + B Cx + D
25. = +
2 2 2
( x + 3)( x + 4) x +3 x2 + 4
7 x3 + 24 x = ( Ax + B )( x 2 + 4) + (Cx + D)( x 2 + 3)
= ( A + C ) x3 + ( B + D ) x 2 + (4 A + 3C ) x + (4 B + 3D)
Thus A + C = 7, B + D = 0, 4A + 3C = 24, 4B + 3D = 0.
This gives A = 3, B = 0, C = 4, and D = 0.

633
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

7 x3 + 24 x 3x 4x
∫ ( x 2 + 3)( x 2 + 4) dx = ∫ x 2 + 3 dx + ∫ x2 + 4 dx
3 2x 2x
= ∫
2 x +3 2
dx + 2∫
2
x +4
dx
3
= ln x 2 + 3 + 2 ln x 2 + 4 + C
2
= ln ( x 2 + 3)3/2 ( x 2 + 4) 2 + C

12 x3 + 20 x 2 + 28 x + 4 1 ⎛ Ax + B Cx + D ⎞
26. = ⎜ + ⎟
2 2
3( x + 2 x + 3)( x + 1) 3 ⎝ x + 2 x + 3 x2 + 1 ⎠
2

12 x3 + 20 x 2 + 28 x + 4 = ( Ax + B)( x 2 + 1) + ( x 2 + 2 x + 3)(Cx + D)
= ( A + C ) x3 + ( B + D + 2C ) x 2 + ( A + 2 D + 3C ) x + ( B + 3D )
Thus, A + C = 12, B + D + 2C = 20, A + 2D + 3C = 28, B + 3D = 4. This gives A = 4, B = 4, C = 8, D = 0.
12 x3 + 20 x 2 + 28 x + 4 1 ⎛ 4x + 4 8x ⎞
∫ 3 x 2 + 2 x + 3 x2 + 1 dx = 3 ∫ ⎜⎝ x2 + 2 x + 3 + x2 + 1 ⎟⎠ dx
( )( )
=
1⎡
3 ⎢⎣
( )
2ln x 2 + 2 x + 3 + 4 ln x 2 + 1 ( )⎤⎥⎦ + C
⎡ ⎤
( ) ( x + 1)
2 4
= ln ⎢ x 2 + 2 x + 3 2
⎥+C
3 3

⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

3x3 + 8 x Ax + B Cx + D
27. = +
2 2 2
( x + 2) x +2 ( x 2 + 2)2
3x3 + 8 x = ( Ax + B )( x 2 + 2) + Cx + D
= Ax3 + Bx 2 + (2 A + C ) x + (2 B + D)
Thus, A = 3, B = 0, 2A + C = 8, 2B + D = 0.
This gives A = 3, B = 0, C = 2, D = 0.
3x3 + 8 x ⎛ 3x 2x ⎞
∫ ( x 2 + 2)2 dx = ∫ ⎜⎜ x 2 + 2 + ( x 2 + 2)2 ⎟⎟ dx
⎝ ⎠
3 2 1
= ln( x + 2) − +C
2 x2 + 2

3x 2 − 8 x + 4
28. ∫ x3 − 4 x 2 + 4 x − 6 dx
=∫
1
x − 4 x + 4 x − 6 ⎢⎣
3 2 (
⎡ 3x 2 − 8 x + 4 dx ⎤
⎥⎦ )
⎛ ⎛1⎞ ⎞
⎜ Form: ∫ ⎜ ⎟ du ⎟ (Partial fractions not required.)
⎝ ⎝u⎠ ⎠
Answer: ln x3 − 4 x 2 + 4 x − 6 + C

634
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.3

29.
2 − 2x 2 − 2x
= =
A
+
B
16 ( x + 1) dx
2
2
x + 7 x + 12 ( x + 3)( x + 4) x + 3 x +4 ∫0 ( x + 2)2
2 – 2x = A(x + 4) + B(x + 3)
If x = –4, then 10 = –B, or B = –10. If x = –3, 1⎡ −24 30 ⎤
then 8 = A. = ∫ ⎢6 + + ⎥ dx
0
⎣⎢ x + 2 ( x + 2)2 ⎦⎥
1 2 − 2x 1⎛ 8 −10 ⎞
∫0 x2 + 7 x + 12 dx = ∫0 ⎜⎝ x + 3 + x + 4 ⎟⎠ dx ⎡ 30 ⎤
1
= ⎢ 6 x − 24 ln x + 2 −
1 ⎣ x + 2 ⎥⎦ 0
= ⎡⎣8ln x + 3 − 10 ln x + 4 ⎤⎦
0 = 6 − 24 ln 3 − 10 − (−24 ln 2 − 15)
= 8 ln 4 − 10 ln 5 − (8 ln 3 − 10 ln 4)
2
= 18 ln(4) – 10 ln(5) – 8 ln(3) = 11 + 24 ln
3
x2 + 5x + 5 2x + 3 2x + 3 The area is 11 + 24 ln
2
30. = 1+ = 1+ sq units.
2
x + 3x + 2 x + 3x + 2 2 ( x + 2)( x + 1) 3
2x + 3 A B
= + 10 ⎡ 200( q + 3) 325 ⎤
( x + 2)( x + 1) x + 2 x + 1 32. CS = ∫ ⎢ − ⎥ dq
0 q 2 + 7q + 6
2 x + 3 = ( x + 1) A + ( x + 2) B ⎢⎣ 22 ⎥⎦
If x = −1, 1 = B. If x = −2, −1 = −A, or A = 1. 200(q + 3) 200(q + 3) A B
= = +
1 x2 + 5x + 5 1 1 1 1 1 q + 7q + 6 (q + 6)(q + 1) q + 6 q + 1
2
∫0 x2 + 3x + 2 dx = ∫0 dx + ∫0 x + 2 dx + ∫0 x + 1 dx 200(q + 3) = A(q + 1) + B(q + 6)
1 1 1 If q = –1, then 400 = 5B, or B = 80. If q = –6,
= x0 + ln x + 2 + ln x +1
0 0 then –600 = –5A, or A = 120.
= 1 + ln 3 − ln 2 + ln 2 − ln1 10 ⎡ 120 80 325 ⎤
= 1 + ln 3 CS = ∫ ⎢ + − ⎥ dq
0 q + 6 q +1
⎣ 22 ⎦

(
6 x2 + 1 ) ≥ 0 on [0, 1]. ⎡
= ⎢120 ln q + 6 − 80 ln q + 1 −
325 ⎤
q
10

22 ⎥⎦ 0
31. Note that
( x + 2)2 ⎣
1 6( x 2 + 1) ⎡ 3250 ⎤
Area = ∫ = ⎢120 ln(16) + 80 ln(11) − − [120 ln(6)]
22 ⎥⎦
dx
0 ( x + 2) 2 ⎣
2 8 1625
6( x + 1) −24 x − 18 = 120 ln + 80 ln(11) − ≈ $161.80
= 6+ (by long division) 3 11
2
( x + 2) ( x + 2)2
−24 x − 18 A B Problems 15.3
= +
( x + 2) 2 x + 2 ( x + 2)2
–24x – 18 = A(x + 2) + B 1. Let u = x, a 2 = 6 . Then du = dx.
If x = –2, then 30 = B. If x = 0, then –18 = 2A + B, dx x
–18 = 2A + 30, or A = –24. ∫ (6 − x 2 )3/2 = +C
6 6 − x2

635
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

2. Let u = 2x, a 2 = 25 . Then du = 2dx. 8. Formula 32 with u = x, a 2 = 7 . Then du = dx.

dx 1 (2dx) dx x
∫ = ∫ ∫ ( x 2 + 7)3 / 2 = 2 + C
( )
3 3
2 ⎡ 25 − (2 x)2 ⎤ 2 7 x +7
25 − 4 x 2
2
⎣ ⎦
⎡ ⎤ 9. Formula 12 with u = x, a = 2, b = 3, c = 4, k = 5.
1 (2 x)
= ⎢ ⎥+C Then du = dx.
2 ⎢ 25 25 − (2 x) 2 ⎥ x dx
⎣ ⎦
x
∫ (2 + 3x)(4 + 5 x)
= +C
25 25 − 4 x 2 1 ⎡4 2 ⎤
= ln 4 + 5 x − ln 2 + 3x ⎥ + C
2 ⎢⎣ 5 3 ⎦
3. Let u = 4x, a 2 = 3 . Then du = 4 dx.
10. Formula 37 with u = 5x, a = 2. Then du = 5 dx.
dx (4 dx)
∫ 2 = 4∫ 1 5x 1 25 x
∫ 2 dx = 5 ∫ 2 (5 dx) = 5 ⋅ ln 2 + C
2 5x
x 16 x + 3 (4 x) (4 x) 2 + 3
2

⎡ (4 x)2 + 3 ⎤⎥
= 4 ⎢− +C 11. Formula 45 with u = x, a = 1, b = 2, c = 3. Then
⎢ 3(4 x) ⎥
⎣
2
⎦ du = dx. ∫
dx
1 + 2e 3x
1
(
= 3x − ln 1 + 2e3 x + C
3
)
16 x + 3
=− +C
3x 12. Formula 14 with u = x, a = 1, b = 1. Then
du = dx.
4. Let u = x 2 , a 2 = 9. Then du = 2x dx.
( )
3
2 8 − 12 x + 15 x 2 (1 + x) 2
∫x
3 dx 3 (2 x dx) 2
1 + x dx = +C
∫ 3 4 = 2∫ 2 2 2 2 105
x x −9 (x ) (x ) − 9
⎡ 2 2 ⎤ 13. Formula 9 with u = x, a = 5, b = 2. Then du = dx.
3 ⎢ − (x ) − 9
= − + C⎥ ⎡ ⎤
2⎢ ⎥ 7 dx dx
⎣
9x2
⎦ ∫ x(5 + 2 x)2 = 7 ⎢⎢ ∫ x(5 + 2 x)2 ⎥⎥
⎣ ⎦
x4 − 9 ⎡
= +C 1 1 x ⎤
6 x2 = 7⎢ + ln ⎥+C
⎣ 5(5 + 2 x) 25 5 + 2 x ⎦
5. Formula 5 with u = x, a = 6, b = 7. Then du = dx.
14. Formula 20 with u = 11x , a = 5 . Then
dx 1 x
∫ x(6 + 7 x) = 6 ln 6 + 7 x + C du = 11 dx .
dx 11dx
6. Formula 8 with u = x, a = 2, b = 3. Then du = dx. ∫ =∫
x 5 − 11x 2
( ) ( 5) −( )
2 2
5 x 2 dx 11x 11x
∫ (2 + 3x)2
1 5 + 5 − 11x 2
⎡ x 2 dx ⎤ =− ln +C
= 5 ⎢∫ ⎥ 5 11x
2
⎣⎢ (2 + 3x) ⎦⎥
⎡x 4 4 ⎤ 15. Formula 3 with u = x, a = 2, b = 1. Then du = dx.
= 5⎢ − − ln 2 + 3x ⎥ + C
⎣ 9 27(2 + 3x) 27 ⎦
∫0 2 + x = ( x − 2 ln 2 + x ) 0 = 1 − 2 ln 3 + 2 ln 2
1 x dx 1

7. Formula 28 with u = x, a = 3. Then du = dx.

⎛4⎞
= 1 – ln 9 + ln 4 = 1 + ln ⎜ ⎟
dx 1 x2 + 9 − 3 ⎝9⎠
∫ = ln +C
x x +9 3
2 x

636
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.3

16. Formula 4 with u = x, a = 2, b = −5. Then du = dx.

−3x 2 dx x 2 dx
∫ 2 − 5x = − 3∫ 2 − 5x
⎛ x2 2 x 4 ⎞
= −3 ⎜ − + ln 2 − 5 x ⎟ + C
⎜ −10 25 −125 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ x2 2x 4 ⎞
= 3⎜ + + ln 2 − 5 x ⎟ + C
⎜ 10 25 125 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

17. Formula 23 with u = x, a 2 = 3 . Then du = dx.

1⎛ ⎞
∫ x − 3 dx = 2 ⎜⎝ x x − 3 − 3ln x + x − 3 ⎟⎠ + C
2 2 2

18. Formula 11 with u = x, a = 1, b = 5, c = 3, k = 2. Then du = dx.

dx 1 1 + 5x
∫ (1 + 5x)(2 x + 3) = 13 ln 2 x + 3 + C
19. Formula 38 with u = x, a = 12. Then du = dx.
1/12
1/12 e12 x 1 1
∫0
12 x
xe dx = (12 x − 1) = [e(0) − 1(−1)] =
144 144 144
0

20. Formula 46 with u = 3x, a = 2, b = 5.

Then du = 3 dx.
2 + 3x 2 + 3x
1 1
∫ 5 + 3x dx = 3 ∫ 5 + 3x (3 dx) = 3 ⎣⎡ (2 + 3x)(5 + 3x) − 3ln ( )
2 + 3x + 5 + 3x ⎤ + C
⎦

21. Formula 39 with u = x, n = 3, a = 1. Then du = dx.

∫x e dx = x3e x − 3∫ x 2 e x dx
3 x

∫ x e dx with u = x, n = 2, and a = 1 (so du = dx) gives ∫ x e dx = x e − 2∫ xe

2 x 2 x 2 x x
Applying Formula 39 to dx .

∫ xe dx with u = x, a = 1 (so du = dx) gives ∫ xe dx = e ( x − 1) + C1. Thus

x x x
Applying Formula 38 to

∫x e
3 x
dx = x3e x − 3x 2 e x + 6e x ( x − 1) + C.

22. Formula 6 with u = x, a = 1, b = 1. Then du = dx.

2
2 4 dx 2 ⎛ 1
dx 1+ x ⎞ ⎛ 1 3⎞ 3
∫1 x 2 (1 + x) = 4∫1 x 2 (1 + x) = 4 ⎜⎝ − x + ln x ⎟ = 4 ⎜ − + ln ⎟ − 4(−1 + ln 2) = 2 + 4 ln
⎠1 ⎝ 2 2⎠ 4

23. Formula 26 with u = 5 x, a 2 = 1. Then du = 5 dx.

5x2 + 1 5x2 + 1
∫ 2 x2
dx =
2
5
5
∫ 5 x2
( 5 dx )
5 ⎛⎜ 5 x2 + 1 ⎞
= − + ln 5 x + 5 x 2 + 1 ⎟ + C
2 ⎜ 5x ⎟
⎝ ⎠

637
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

24. Formula 17 with u = x, a = 2, b = –1. Then du = dx.

dx 1 2−x − 2
∫x 2− x
=
2
ln
2− x + 2
+C

25. Formula 7 with u = x, a = 1, b = 3. Then du = dx.

x dx 1⎛ 1 ⎞
∫ (1 + 3x)2 = 9 ⎜⎝ ln 1 + 3x + 1 + 3x ⎟⎠ + C
26. Formula 47 with u = 2x, a = 1, b = 3. Then du = 2 dx.
2 dx
∫ (1 + 2 x)(3 + 2 x) = ln 2 + 2 x + (1 + 2 x)(3 + 2 x) + C

27. Formula 34 with u = 5 x, a = 7 . Then du = 5dx

1 ⎛ 1 7 + 5x ⎞
2( )
dx 1 1
∫ 7 − 5x2 = ∫ 5dx = ⎜
5 ⎜⎝ 2 7
ln ⎟+C
7 − 5 x ⎟⎠
( 7 ) − ( 5x)
5 2

28. Formula 24 with u = 3 x, a 2 = 6 . Then du = 3dx .

∫( ) ( 3x ) ( )
7 2 2
∫ 7x
2
3 x 2 − 6 dx = 3x −6 3 dx
( )
3
3
7 ⎡ 3x 36 ⎤
= ⎢ (6 x 2 − 6) 3x 2 − 6 − ln 3 x + 3x 2 − 6 ⎥ + C
3 3⎣ 8 8 ⎦

29. Formula 42 with u = 3x, n = 5. Then du = 3 dx.

36
∫ 36 x ln(3x)dx = 36∫ x ln(3x)dx = 36 ∫ (3x) ln(3x)(3 dx)
5 5 5

4 ⎡ (3 x)6 ln(3x) (3x)6 ⎤ 6

= ⎢ − ⎥ + C = x [6 ln(3 x) − 1] + C
81 ⎣⎢ 6 36 ⎦⎥

30. Formula 10 with u = x, a = 3, b = 2. Then du = dx.

5 dx ⎡ dx ⎤
∫ x 2 (3 + 2 x)2 = 5 ⎢⎢ ∫ x2 (3 + 2 x)2 ⎥⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎡ 3 + 4x 4 3 + 2x ⎤
= 5 ⎢− + ln ⎥+C
⎣ 9 x(3 + 2 x) 27 x ⎦

31. Formula 13 with u = x, a = 1, b = 2. Then du = dx.

⎡ 3
⎤
⎢ 2(6 x − 2)(1 + 2 x) 2 ⎥+C
∫ 5 x 1 + 2 xdx = 5∫ x 1 + 2 x dx = 5 ⎢ 15 ⋅ 4 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
1
= (3x − 1)(1 + 2 x)3/2 + C
3

638
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.3

32. Formula 42 with u = x, n = 2. Then du = dx. 37. Formula 45 with u = x , a = π, b = 7, c = 4 .

∫ 9 x ln x dx = 9∫ x ln x dx
2 2
1
Then du = dx
⎛ x ln x x ⎞
3 3 2 x
= 9⎜ − ⎟ + C = 3 x3 (ln x) − x3 + C
⎜ 3 9 ⎟⎠ dx 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
⎝ ∫ = 2∫ ⎜ dx ⎟

2
33. Formula 27 with u = 2x, a = 13 . Then
(
x π + 7e 4 x ) π + 7e 4 x ⎝ 2 x ⎠

du = 2 dx. ⎡ 1 ⎛ ⎞⎤
= 2 ⎢ ⎜ 4 x − ln π + 7e 4 x
⎟⎥ + C
dx 1 1 ⎣ 4π ⎝ ⎠⎦
∫ 2 = ∫
2
(2 dx)
1 ⎛ ⎞
4 x − 13 (2 x )2 − 13 = ⎜ 4 x − ln π + 7e
4 x
⎟+C
2π ⎝ ⎠
1
= ln 2 x + 4 x 2 − 13 + C
2
38. Formula 2 with u = x3 , a = 1, b = 2. Then
34. Formula 44 with u = 2x. Then du = 2 dx. du = 3 x 2 dx.
dx (2 dx)
∫ x ln(2 x) = ∫ (2 x) ln(2 x) 1 3x 2 1dx
1
∫0 1 + 2 x3 2 ln 1 + 2 x 0
3
=
= ln ln(2 x) + C
1 1
= ln 3 − ln 1 = ln 3
2 2
35. Formula 21 with u = 3x, a 2 = 16. Then
du = 3 dx. 1
2 dx (3 dx) 39. Can be put in the form ∫ u du .
∫ 2 = 2(3) ∫
x 16 − 9 x 2 (3x) 2 16 − (3x) 2 x dx 1 1
⎛ 16 − 9 x 2 ⎞ ∫ x 2 + 1 = 2 ∫ x 2 + 1 (2 x dx)
= 6⎜ − ⎟+C
⎜
⎝
16(3x) ⎟
⎠ =
1
2
(
ln x 2 + 1 + C )
16 − 9 x 2
=− +C
∫e
u
8x 40. Can be put in the form du.
5/ 2 2 x5 / 2 ⎡ 5 3/ 2 ⎤
36. Formula 22 with u = x, a = 3. Then du = dx. ∫ 3x xe x dx = 3 ⋅
5∫
e ⎢ 2 x dx ⎥
⎣ ⎦
3 − x2 6 5/ 2
∫ x
dx = ex + C
5

( 3)
2
− ( x)2
=∫ dx 41. Can be put in the form ∫ u n du .
x
(ln x)3 3 ⎡1 ⎤ 1
∫ x dx = ∫ (ln x) ⎢⎣ x dx ⎥⎦ = 4 (ln x) + C
4
3 + 3 − x2
= 3 − x 2 − 3 ln +C
x
5 x3 − x ⎛ 5 2 1 −1 ⎞
42. ∫ 2 x dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ 2 x − 2 x 2 ⎟⎠ dx
5
= x3 − x + C
6

639
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

1 1 49. Formula 43 and then Formula 41. For Formula

43. ∫ x 2 − 5x + 6 dx = ∫ ( x − 3)( x − 2) dx 43, let u = x, n = 0, and m = 2. Then du = dx.
∫ ln x dx = x ln 2 x − 2 ∫ ln x dx
2
Formula 11 with u = x, a = −3, b = 1, c = −2, and
k = 1. Then du = dx. Now we apply Formula 41 to the last integral
1 1 with u = x (so du = dx).
∫ x 2 − 5x + 6 dx = ∫ ( x − 3)( x − 2) dx
∫ ln
2
x dx = x(ln x)2 − 2 x(ln x ) + 2 x + C
x−3
= ln +C
x−2 50. Formula 41 with u = x 2 . Then du = 2x dx.
3
∫1 3x ln x
2
dx
44. Can be put in the form ∫ u n du .
e
3 e 3
( ) 2 ∫1
e2 x 1 − 12 = ln( x 2 )[2 x dx] = [ x 2 ln( x 2 ) − x 2 ]
∫ 2x
dx = ∫ e2 x + 3
2
(2e 2 x dx) 2 1
e +3 3 2 2 2
= [(e ln(e ) − e ) − (1 ⋅ ln1 − 1)]
= e2 x + 3 + C 2
3
= (e2 + 1)
45. Formula 42 with u = x and n = 3. Then du = dx. 2
x4 ⎡ 1⎤
∫ x ln x dx = 4 ⎢⎣ln( x) − 4 ⎥⎦ + C
3
51. Formula 15 with u = x, a = 3, and b = 1. Then
du = dx.
1
46. Formula 38 with u = 3x − 2, a = −10. 1 x dx 2( x − 6) 3 + x
Then du = 3 dx. ∫−2 3+ x
=
3
−2
∫ (9x − 6)e
−30 x + 20
dx 10 16
=− 4+ 1
= ∫ 3(3x − 2)e −10(3 x − 2) dx
3 3
4
=−
e −30 x + 20 3
= [ −10(3 x − 2) − 1] + C
100
1 −30 x + 20 52. Formula 13 with u = x, a = 2, and b = 3. Then
= e (−30 x + 19) + C du = dx.
100 3
3 2(9 x − 4)(2 + 3 x)3 / 2
47. Formula 38 with u = x 2 and a = 3. Then ∫2 x 2 + 3 x dx =
135
2
du = 2x dx.
2
3 3x2 2 = [23(11)3 / 2 − 14(8)3 / 2 ]
∫ 4x e dx = 2∫ x 2 e3 x [2 x dx] 135

= 2⎢
⎡ e3 x 2 ⎤
(3x 2 − 1) ⎥ + C
=
2
135
(
253 11 − 224 2 )
⎢ 9 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
2 3 x2 2
= e (3x − 1) + C
9

48. Formula 14 with u = x, a = 3 and b = 2. Then

du = dx.
2 2 2
∫1 35x ∫1 x
2
3 + 2 xdx = 35 3 + 2 xdx
2
( )
3
2 72 − 72 x + 60 x 2 (3 + 2 x) 2
= 35 ⋅
840
1
= 98 7 − 25 5

640
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.3

53. Can be put in the form ∫ u n du . 55. Integration by parts or Formula 42. For Formula
42, let u = 2x, n = 1. Then du = 2 dx.

( )
1 2 x dx 1 − 12 1 2
∫0 = −∫ 8 − x2
2

8 − x2
0
(−2 x dx) ∫1 x ln(2 x)dx = 4 ∫1 (2 x) ln(2 x)[2 dx]
1 2
1 ⎡ (2 x)2 ln(2 x) (2 x) 2 ⎤
(8 − x )
1
2 2
= ⎢ − ⎥
=− 4 ⎢⎣ 2 4 ⎥⎦
1 1
2
1 1
0 = 2 ln(4) − 1 − ln(2) +
2 4
1 1
= −2 8 − x 2( ) 2
= −2 ( 7− 8 ) ( ) 1
= 2 ln 22 − ln(2) −
2
3
4
0
= −2 ( 7 −2 2 ) 1
= 4 ln(2) − ln(2) −
2
3
4
(
=2 2 2− 7 ) 7
= (ln 2) −
3
2 4
54. Formula 39 with u = x, n = 2, a = 3. Then
du = dx. 56. Can be put in the form ∫ k dx .
x 2 e3 x 2
∫ − ∫ xe3 x dx
2 3x
= 5 5
∫3 dA = ∫3 1 dA = A 3 = 5 − 3 = 2
x e dx 5
3 3
∫ xe
3x
For dx, use Formula 38 with u = x and
57. Formula 5 with u = q, a = 1, and b = –1. Then
a = 3. Then du = dx. du = dq.
x 2 e3 x 2 ⎡ e3 x ⎤ qn
∫ x e dx =
2 3x
− ⎢ (3 x − 1) ⎥ qn dq q qn q0
3 3 ⎢⎣ 9 ⎥⎦ ∫q0 q(1 − q) = ln 1 − q = ln
1 − qn
− ln
1 − q0
3x q0
e
= [9 x 2 − 6 x + 2] qn (1 − q0 )
27 = ln
ln 2 q0 (1 − qn )
ln 2 2 3 x ⎛ e3 x ⎞
∫0
x e dx = ⎜
⎜ 27
[9 x 2 − 6 x + 2] ⎟
⎟
⎝ ⎠0 58. Formula 6 with u = q, a = 1 and b = –1. Then
8 2 1 du = dq.
= [9(ln 2) − 6 ln 2 + 2] − [2] 1 0.1 dq
0.4 ∫0.3 q 2 (1 − q)
27 27 n=−
2
= [36(ln 2) 2 − 24 ln 2 + 7]
27 0.1
1 ⎡ 1 1− q ⎤
=− ⎢ − − ln ⎥
0.4 ⎣⎢ q q ⎥⎦
0.3
1 ⎧ ⎡ 10 7 ⎤⎫
=− ⎨[−10 − ln 9] − ⎢ − − ln ⎥ ⎬
0.4 ⎩ ⎣ 3 3 ⎦⎭
1 ⎛ 20 7⎞
=− − − ln 9 + ln ⎟ ≈ 20
0.4 ⎜⎝ 3 3⎠

641
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

9 10
59. a. For ∫0 1000e
−0.04t
dt , the form ∫e
u
du can b. ∫0 200e0.01(10−t ) dt
10
be applied. = 200 ∫ e0.1−0.01t dt
9 −0.04t 0
∫0 1000e dt 10
200e0.1 e−0.01t dt
1000 9 −0.04t
=
0 ∫
−0.04 ∫0
= e (−0.04 dt ) ⎛ 1 ⎞ 10 −0.01t
9
= 200e0.1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −0.01 ⎠ 0
e ∫
(−0.01 dt )
1000 −0.04t
=− e 10
0.04 0
= −20, 000e0.1 ⋅ e−0.01t
0
1000 −0.36 0.1 −0.1
=− (e − 1) = −20, 000e (e − 1)
0.04 ≈ $2103.42
≈ $7558.09
62. Use Formula 38 with u = t and a = −0.07, so
10 −0.06t
b. For ∫0 500te dt use Formula 38 with du = dt.
5 5
−0.07t
t = u and a = −0.06, so du = dt. ∫0 50, 000te dt = 50, 000∫ te−0.07t dt
0
10
∫0 500te−0.06t dt
5
⎡ e−0.07t ⎤
10 = 50,000 ⎢ (−0.07t − 1) ⎥
= 500∫ te−0.06t dt ⎢⎣ 0.0049 ⎥⎦ 0
0
10 50, 000 −0.35
⎡ e −0.06t ⎤ = [e (−1.35) − 1(−1)]
= 500 ⎢ (−0.06t − 1) ⎥ 0.0049
⎢⎣ 0.0036 ⎥⎦ 0 = $496, 640
500
= [e −0.6 (−1.6) − (−1)] Problems 15.4
0.0036
≈ $16,930.75 3
1 3 2 1 x3 1⎛ 1⎞ 7
⎛ 1 ⎞ T − rt −ke− rt
T
1. f =
3 − (−1) −1 ∫
x dx = ⋅
4 3
= ⎜9 + ⎟ =
4⎝ 3⎠ 3
T − rt −1
60. ∫0 ke dt = k ⎜ r ⎟ ∫0
⎝
−
⎠
e ( − r dt ) =
r
0 1 1 1
ke − rT
k ⎛ 1− e − rT ⎞ 2. f =
1− 0 ∫0
(2 x + 1)dx = ( x 2 + x) = 2 − 0 = 2
0
=− + = k⎜ ⎟
r r ⎜ r ⎟
⎝ ⎠

10 10
3. f =
1
∫
2
2 − (−1) −1
(
2 − 3x 2 dx )
61. a. ∫0 100e0.02(10 −t ) dt = 100 ∫ e0.2−0.02t dt
0 2
10
= 100 e0.2 e−0.02t dt
∫
=
1
3
(2 x − x3 ) −1
= −1
0
10 −0.02t
= 100e0.2 e ∫ dt
0
⎛ 1 ⎞ 10 −0.02t
4. f =
1 3 2
3 − 1 ∫1
(
x + x + 1 dx )
= 100e0.2 ⎜ ⎟∫ e (−0.02 dt )
⎝ −0.02 ⎠ 0 3
1 ⎛ x3 x 2 ⎞ 22
10 = ⎜ + + x⎟ =
= −5000e0.2 e−0.02t ⎜
2⎝ 3 2 ⎟
⎠1 3
0
= −5000e0.2 ⎡e−0.2 − 1⎤
⎣ ⎦
≈ $1107.01

642
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.4

1 3 1 2
∫ 2 − 0 ∫0
5. f = 2t 5 dt 11. 3000e0.05t dt
3 − (−3) −3
3 3000 1 2 0.05t
2 0.05 ∫0
1 t6 = ⋅ e [0.05 dt ]
= ⋅
6 3
( )
−3 2
1 = 30,000e0.05t = 30, 000 e0.1 − 1 ≈ 3155.13
= [36 − (−3)6 ] 0
18 Answer: $3155.13
=0
1 T R 1 T R(1 + α t )2
T − 0 ∫0 F (t ) T ∫0
1 4 2 12. C = dt = dt
4 − 0 ∫0
6. f = t t + 9 dt F1
T
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞ 4 R ⎡ (1 + α t )3 ⎤
= ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ∫ t 2 + 9[2t dt ] R 1 T
⋅ ∫ (1 + α t )2 [α dt ] = ⎢ ⎥
⎝ 4 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ 0 TF1 α 0 αTF1 ⎣⎢ 3 ⎦⎥
4 0
⎡ 2 ⎤
( )
3
R ⎡ (1 + α T ) 1⎤ 3
1 ⎢2 t +9
2
⎥ 49 = ⎢ − ⎥
= ⎢ ⎥ = αTF1 ⎢⎣ 3 3 ⎥⎦
8⎢ 3 ⎥ 6
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ R ⎡
0 = 1 + 3α T + 3α 2T 2 + α 3T 3 − 1⎤
3α TF1 ⎣ ⎦
1
1 1 2 2 R ⎛ 1 ⎞
1 − 0 ∫0
7. f = x dx = x3/2 = = (3αT ) ⎜1 + α T + α 2T 2 ⎟
3 0 3 3α TF1 ⎝ 3 ⎠

1 3 5 1 5 1⎛ 5
3
⎞ =
(
R 1 + α T + 13 α 2T 2 )
3 − 1 ∫1 x 2
f = dx = ⋅ − = − + 5⎟
2 x 1 2 ⎜⎝ 3
8. F1
⎠
5
= 1 dr
3 13. Average value = ∫
q0 − 0 dq
dq .

1
9. P =
1
100 − 0 ∫0
100
(
369q − 2.1q 2 − 400 dq ) = ⎡ r ( q0 ) − r (0) ⎤⎦
q0 ⎣
100 r ( q0 )
=
1
100
(
184.5q 2 − 0.7q3 − 400q
0
) But r(0) = 0, so avg. value =
q0
. Since

1 r ( q0 )
= (1,845, 000 − 700, 000 − 40, 000) − 0
100 = [price per unit when q0 units are sold] ⋅q0 ,
= 11,050 we have
Answer: $11,050 ⎡ price per unit ⎤
⎢ when q units ⎥ ⋅ q
0
⎢ ⎥ 0
10. c =
1 500
500 − 100 ∫100
(
4000 + 10q + 0.1q 2 dq ) avg. value = ⎣
are sold ⎦
q0
500
1 ⎛ 0.1q3 ⎞ = price per unit when ⋅q0 units are sold.
= ⎜ 4000q + 5q 2 + ⎟ ≈ 17,333.33
400 ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
100 1 1 1
1 − 0 ∫0 x 2 − 4 x + 5
Answer: $17,333.33 14. f = dx ≈ 0.32

643
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

Apply It 15.5 dy
3. − 2 x ln( x 2 + 1) = 0
dx
5. Separating variables, we have
dy = 2 x ln( x 2 + 1)dx
dI
= −0.0085I
∫ dy = ∫ 2 x ln( x + 1)dx
2
dx
∫ dy = ∫ ln( x + 1)[2 x dx]
2
dI
= −0.0085dx
I Using Formula 41 gives
1 y = ( x 2 + 1) ln( x 2 + 1) − ( x 2 + 1) + C.
∫ I dI = −∫ 0.0085 dx
ln I = −0.0085 x + C1 dy x
4. =
To solve for I, we convert to exponential dx y
Formula y dy = x dx
I = e−0.0085 x +C1 = Ce−0.0085 x . Since I = I 0
∫ y dy = ∫ x dx
when x = 0, I 0 = Ce0 = C , so
y 2 x2
−0.0085 x = + C1
I ( x) = I 0 e . 2 2
y 2 = x 2 + 2C1
Problems 15.5
y 2 = x2 + C
1. y′ = 2 xy 2
dy
dy
= 2 xy 2 5. = y , where y > 0.
dx dx
dy
dy
= 2 x dx = dx
y
y2
dy
∫y
−2
dy = ∫ 2 x dx ∫ y ∫
= dx
1 ln y = x + C1
− = x2 + C
y
y = e x +C1 = eC1 e x = Ce x , where C = eC1 . Thus
1
y=− y = Ce x , where C > 0.
x2 + C

2. y ′ = x 2 y 2 6. y ′ = e x y 3
dy
dy = e x y3
= x2 y 2 dx
dx dy
dy = e x dx
= x 2 dx y3
2
y
dy
∫ y3 = ∫ e dx
x
dy
∫ y2 = ∫ x
2
dx 1
− = ex + C
1 x3 2 y2
− = + C1 1
y 3 y2 = −
x
1 1 2(e + C )
− = ( x3 + 3C1 )
y 3
1 1
= − ( x3 + C )
y 3
3
y=−
3
x +C

644
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.5

7. y′ =
y
, where x, y > 0. Since y(0) = 0, we have e0 = e0 + C , 1 = 1 + C,
x C = 0. Thus e y = e x , so y = x.
dy y
=
dx x 11. e y y′ − x 2 = 0 , where y = 0 when x = 0.
dy dx dy
= ey = x2
y x dx
dy dx e y dy = x 2 dx
∫ y
=∫
x
∫e dy = ∫ x 2 dx
y
ln y = ln x + C1
ln y = ln x + ln C, where C > 0. x3
ey = +C
ln y = ln(Cx) ⇒ y = Cx , where C > 0. 3
Given that y(0) = 0, we have e0 = 0 + C , so
dy
8. − x ln x = 0 x3 x3 + 3
dx 1 = C ⇒ ey = +1 , ey = , so
dy = x ln x dx 3 3
x3 + 3
∫ dy = ∫ x ln x dx y = ln .
3
Using Formula 42 gives
x 2 ln x x 2 1
y= − +C 12. x 2 y′ + = 0, where y(1) = 2
2 22 y2
1 1
= x 2 ln x − x 2 + C. dy 1
2 4 x2 =−
dx y2
1 dx
9. y ′ = where y(1) = 1. y 2 dy = −
y2 x2
dy 1 dx
∫y dy = − ∫
= 2
dx y 2 x2
2 3
y dy = dx y 1
= +C
∫ y dy = ∫ dx
2 3 x
5
y3 Now, y(1) = 2 implies C = . Thus
= x+C 3
3
13 y3 1 5 3 3
Given y(1) = 1, we obtain = 1 + C , so = + , y 3 = + 5, y = 3 + 5.
3 3 x 3 x x
2 ⎛ 2⎞
C = − . Thus y 3 = 3 ⎜ x − ⎟ = 3x − 2, 13. (3 x 2 + 2)3 y ′ − xy 2 = 0, where y (0) = 2.
3 ⎝ 3⎠
dy
y = 3 3x − 2. (3 x 2 + 2)3 = xy 2
dx
dy x
= dx
10. y′ = e x − y , where y(0) = 0 y 2
(3x + 2)3
2

dy e x dy x
= ∫ y 2 = ∫ (3x2 + 2)3 dx
dx e y
−2 1 −3
e y dy = e x dx ∫ y dy = 6 ∫ (3x + 2) [6 x dx]
2

∫e dy = ∫ e x dx
y
1 1
− =− +C
e y = ex + C
y 12(3 x + 2)2
2

Given that y (0) = 2 we have

645
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

1 1 1 23 Thus
− =− + C = − + C , so C = − .
(1 + y ) 3x2 3
1
2
2 12(0 + 2) 48 48 2 2
= +
Thus, 2 2
2
1 1 23 4 + 23(3x 2 + 2)2 ⎡ 3x 2 3 ⎤
− =− − =− . 1+ y = ⎢ 2
+ ⎥
y 12(3x 2 + 2)2 48 48(3x 2 + 2) 2
⎣⎢ 2 2 ⎥⎦
48(3x 2 + 2)2 2
Hence, y =
2 2
. ⎡ 3x 2 3 ⎤
2
4 + 23(3x + 2) y =⎢ + ⎥ −1
⎢⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
14. y ′ + x3 y = 0 and y = e when x = 0. ⎡ 3x2 3 ⎤
2

dy Since y > 0, y = ⎢ + ⎥ −1 .
= − x3 y ⎣⎢ 2 2 ⎥⎦
dx
dy
= − x3 dx
( ) dydx = 3xy
2
y +2
16. 2 y x3 + 2 x + 1 , where y(0) = 0.
dy 2
+9
∫ y = −∫ x dx
3

3x2 + 2
ln y = −
x4
+C ∫ 2y y 2 + 9 dy = ∫
x3 + 2 x + 1
dx
4
∫( ) ( )
1
Given y(0) = e, ln e = 0 + C, so C = 1. y2 + 9
2
[2 y dy ] = ∫
1 ⎡ 3x 2 + 2 dx ⎤
x4
4
− x +1 x + 2 x + 1 ⎢⎣
3 ⎥⎦
Thus ln y = − + 1, so y = e 4 .
( )
3
4 2 2
y +9 = ln x3 + 2 x + 1 + C
2

3
2
dy 3 x 1 + y 2
15. = , where y > 0 and y (1) = 8 . Now y(0) = 0 implies that (27) = ln(1) + C , so
dx y 3
y dy C = 18. Thus
= 3x dx
( )
3
2 2
y + 9 = ln x3 + 2 x + 1 + 18 .
2
1 + y2
3
( )
1 − 12

2∫
1+ y2 [2 y dy ] = 3∫ x dx
dy xe− y
17. 2 = , where y(1) = 0.
(1 + y ) 3x2
1
2 dx x2 + 3
= +C
2

2
( )
1 −2 1

3 1 e y dy = x x2 + 3 dx
y (1) = 8 ⇒ (1 + 8) = + C 2
2
2
( )
1 1 − 12
∫ 2 2∫
y 2
3 e dy = ⋅ x + 3 [2 x dx]
C=
2
( )
1
1 2
ey = x +3 +C
2

2
1
Now, y (1) = 0 ⇒ e0 = (2) + C , so C = 0. Thus
2

( ) ⎛1 2 ⎞
1
1
ey = x 2 + 3 ⇒ y = ln ⎜ x +3⎟.
2

2 ⎝2 ⎠

646
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.5

2
18. dy = 2 xye x dx, where y > 0 and y(0) = e. ln y = −0.025t + ln1000. To find t when money
dy 2 is 95% new, we note that y would be
= 2 xe x dx 5%(1000) = 50. Solving
y
ln 50 = −0.025t + ln 1000 gives
dy x2
∫ y = ∫ 2 xe dx t=
ln1000 − ln 50
≈ 120 weeks.
0.025
dy x2
∫ y = ∫ e [2 x dx] dr −r
2 22. = (50 − 4q)e 5
ln y = e x + C dq
Now y(0) = e gives ln e = 1 = e0 + C = 1 + C , so
r

2 x 2
∫ e 5 dr = ∫ (50 − 4q)dq
C = 0. Thus ln y = e x , or eln y = y = ee . r
5e 5 = 50q − 2q 2 + C
Since r = 0 when q = 0, we have 5(1) = C, C = 5.
dc
19. (q + 1)2 = cq r
5e 5 = 50q − 2q 2 + 5
dq
r 2
1 q e 5 = 10q − q 2 + 1
∫ c dc = ∫ (q + 1)2 dq 5
r 2
Using partial fractions or Formula 7 for = ln 10q − q 2 + 1
5 5
q
∫ (q + 1)2 dq , we obtain 2
r = 5ln 10q − q 2 + 1
5
1
ln c = ln(q + 1) + + C . Now, fixed cost is 1 5 2
Since r = pq, p = r = ln 10q − q 2 + 1 .
q +1 q q 5
given to be e, which means that c = e when q =
0. This implies 1 = 0 + 1 + C, so C = 0. Thus 23. Let N be the population at time t, where t = 0
1 ln( q +1) + q1+1 corresponds to 1990. Since N follows
ln c = ln(q + 1) + ⇒c=e ,
q +1 exponential growth, N = N0 ekt . Now,
1 1
c = eln( q +1) e q +1
, or c = (q + 1)e q +1
. N = 60,000 when t = 0, so N 0 = 60, 000 .
Therefore N = 60, 000ekt . Since N = 64,000
dy xe x when t = 10, we have 64, 000 = 60, 000e10k ,
20. = xe x − y =
dx ey ln 16
16 16
= e10 k , ln = 10k , k = 15
∫e dy = ∫ xe dx
y x
15 15 10
Using integration by parts or formula 38 gives
Thus N = 60, 000e
( ln 1615 )( 10t )
e y = e x ( x − 1) + C . Now,
t /10
f (1) = 0 ⇒ 1 = e(0) + C , 1 = C, so ⎛ ln 16 ⎞
= 60, 000 ⎜ e 15 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
e y = e x ( x − 1) + 1 , y = ln ⎡e x ( x − 1) + 1⎤ . Thus t /10
⎣ ⎦ ⎛ 16 ⎞
= 60, 000 ⎜ ⎟ .
(
f (2) = ln e2 + 1 . ) ⎝ 15 ⎠
20/10
⎛ 16 ⎞
N (2010) = 60, 000 ⎜ ⎟ ≈ 68, 267
21.
dy
= −0.025 y ⎝ 15 ⎠
dt
1 24. Exponential growth applies, so N = N0 ekt .
∫ y dy = −0.025∫ dt
When t = 0, then N = 50,000, So N 0 = 50, 000 .
ln y = −0.025t + C
Thus N = 50, 000ekt . When t = 50, then
Given that y = 1000 when t = 0, we have
ln 1000 = −0 + C = C. Thus
647
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

N = 100,000, or 100, 000 = 50, 000e50k or 27. Let N be amount of sample that remains after t
ln 2 seconds. Then N = N0 e −λt , where N 0 is the
k= . Thus initial amount present. When t = 100, then
50
t ln 2 N = 0.3N 0 . Thus
N = 50, 000e 50 (*)
0.3N 0 = N 0 e−100λ
N = 50, 000e
( )t 0.69

0.3 = e−100λ
50

N = 50, 000e 0.0138t

(First form) −100λ = ln 0.3
t ln 0.3
From (*), N = 50, 000 ⎡eln 2 ⎤
50
, so λ=−
⎣ ⎦ 100
t Thus λ ≈ 0.01204 . The half-life is
N = 50, 000(2) 50 . (Second form)
ln 2 ln 2 ln 2
When t = 100, then = = −100 ≈ 57.57 s.
100
λ − ln 0.3 ln 0.3
100
N = 50, 000(2) 50 = 50, 000(2)2 = 200, 000
28. N = N0 e −λ t
25. Let N be the population (in billions) at time t,
where t is the number of years past 1930. After 100 s, 80% remains.
N follows exponential growth, so N = N0 ekt . 0.8 N 0 = N0 e −100λ
When t = 0, then N = 2, so N 0 = 2 . Thus 0.8 = e −100λ
−100λ = ln 0.8
N = 2ekt . Since N = 3 when t = 30, then ln 0.8
3 = 2e30 k
λ=−
100
3 λ ≈ 0.0022314
= e30k The half-life is
2
3 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2
30k = ln = = −100 ≈ 310.63 s.
2 λ − 100
ln 0.8 ln 0.8
ln 32
k=
30 29. Let N be the amount of 14 C present in the scroll
t
ln 3 t years after it was made. Then N = N0 e −λt ,
Thus N = 2e 30 2 .
In 2015, t = 85 and so where N 0 is amount of 14 C present when t = 0.
85
ln 32 We must find t when N = 0.7 N0 .
N = 2e 30 ≈ 2e1.14882 billion.
0.7 N0 = N0 e −λt
26. Let N = population at time t and
N 0 = population at t = 0. Then N = N0 e kt . 0.7 = e−λt
−λ t = ln 0.7
When t = 100, then N = 3 N0 , so
ln 0.7
ln 3 so t = − . By Equation 15 in the text,
3N 0 = N 0 e100k or k = . λ
100
ln 2
Setting N = 2 N0 and solving for t gives λ= , so
5730
t ln 3
2 N 0 = N 0 e 100 ln 0.7 5730 ln 0.7
t=− =− ≈ 2900 years.
t ln 3 ln 2 ln 2
2 = e 100 5730
t ln 3
ln 2 =
100
100 ln 2
t= ≈ 63.
ln 3
The population will double in approximately
63 years.

648
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.5

30. N = N 0 e −λ t 34. N = N 0 e −λ t
0.1N 0 = N 0 e−λt We want to find t when
⎛3⎞
0.1 = e−λt N = ⎜ ⎟ N0
⎝5⎠
−λ t = ln(0.1)
⎛3⎞ − λt
t=−
ln 0.1 ⎜ 5 ⎟ N0 = N 0 e
λ ⎝ ⎠
3
By Equation 15 in the text, λ =
ln 2
, so = e − λt
5730 5
ln 0.1 5730 ln 0.1 ⎛3⎞
t=− =− ≈ 19, 000 years. −λ t = ln ⎜ ⎟
ln 2 ln 2 ⎝5⎠
5730
ln 53
t=−
31.
dN
= kN λ
dt ln 2 ln 2
kt By Equation 15 in the text, 8 = ,λ= .
N = Ae λ 8
kt0
N 0 = Ae ln 3 8 ln 3
Thus t = − 5 =− 5
≈ 5.9 days.
N0 ln 2 ln 2
A= 8
ekt0
Thus N =
e
N0
kt0 (e ) = N e
kt
0
kt − kt0
, or 35.
dA
dt
= 200 − 0.50 A

k ( t − t0 ) dA
N = N0 e , where t ≥ t0 . ∫ 200 − 0.50 A = ∫ dt
ln 2 1
32. a. From Equation 15 in the text, 140 = . − ln(200 − 0.50 A) = t + C1
λ 0.50
ln 2 ln(200 − 0.50 A) = −0.50t − 0.50C1
Thus λ = . = −0.50t + C2
140
Thus
− t140 − 365ln 200 − 0.50 A = e −0.50t +C2 = e−0.50t eC2
ln 2 2
−λ t
b. N = N0 e = N0e = N0e 140

A
N − 365ln 2
= e 140 ≈ 0.164 200 − = Ce−0.50t
N0 2
Given that A = 0 when t = 0, we have C = 200,
A −t
33. N = N 0 e −λ t so 200 − = 200e 2
2
When t = 2, then N = 12. Thus 12 = N 0 e−2λ , −t A
200 − 200e 2 =
N 0 = 12e2λ . By Equation 15 in the text, 2
⎛ − 2t ⎞ A
ln 2 200 ⎜ 1 − e ⎟ =
6= ⎝ ⎠ 2
λ
⎛ −t ⎞
ln 2 Thus A = 400 ⎜1 − e 2 ⎟ . If t = 1,
λ= ⎝ ⎠
6
Thus ⎛ − ⎞
1
A = 400 ⎜1 − e 2 ⎟ ≈ 157 grams per square meter.
2 ln62 ln 2
⎝ ⎠
N 0 = 12e = 12e 3 = 12 ⋅ 21/3 ≈ 15.1 units.

649
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

36.
dP
= k (150, 000 − 2 P) 38,900 = 60,000e9.5k
dx 389
dP = e9.5k
∫ 150, 000 − 2P = ∫ k dx 600
⎛ 389 ⎞
1 9.5k = ln ⎜ ⎟
− ln[150, 000 − 2 P] = kx + C ⎝ 600 ⎠
2 1 ⎛ 389 ⎞
Since P(0) = 15,000, we have k= ln ⎜ ⎟
9.5 ⎝ 600 ⎠
1
− ln[150, 000 − 30, 000] = C , so
2 Thus V = 60, 000e 9.5
t
ln ( 389
600 )
.
1 1
− ln[150, 000 − 2 P] = kx − ln[120, 000].
2 2
b.
t
14, 000 = 60, 000e 9.5
ln ( 389
600 )
Since P(1000) = 70,000,
1 7 ( )
t ln 389
= e 9.5 600
− ln[150, 000 − 140, 000]
2 30
1 ⎛ 7 ⎞ t ⎛ 389 ⎞
= 1000k − ln[120, 000] ln ⎜ ⎟ = ln ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ ⎠
30 9.5 ⎝ 600 ⎠
k= ⋅
1 ln[120, 000] − ln[10, 000] ln12
= t=
( )
9.5ln 30 7
≈ 31.903
Thus
2 1000 2000
( )
ln 389
600
1 ln12 1 This corresponds to about 31 years and
− ln[150,000 − 2 P] = x − ln[120, 000] 11 months after July 1, 1996 ⇒ June 2028.
2 2000 2
ln12
ln[150,000 − 2 P] = − x + ln[120, 000] Problems 15.6
1000
− 1000
ln12 x
150, 000 − 2 P = e eln[120,000] M
1. N =
− 1000 1 + be−ct
ln12 x
150, 000 − 2 P = 120, 000e
M = 100,000
1⎛ − 1000
ln12 x
⎞ Since N = 50,000 at t = 0 (1995), we have
P= ⎜150, 000 − 120,000e ⎟
2⎝ ⎠ 100, 000 100, 000
50, 000 = , so 1 + b = = 2, or
⎛ − 1000
x
⎞ 1+ b 50, 000
= 75, 000 − 60, 000 ⎜12 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ b = 1.
If x = 2000, then 100, 000
Hence, N = . If t = 5, then N = 60,000,
P = 75, 000 − 60, 000(12−2 ) ≈ $74,583. 1 + e −ct
so
dV 100, 000
37. a. = kV 60, 000 =
dt 1 + e−5c
100, 000 5
1 1 + e −5c =
∫ V dV = ∫ k dt 60, 000 3
=

lnV = kt + C1 5 2
e −5c = − 1 =
3 3
V = ekt eC1 1/ 5
⎛ 2 ⎞
or V = Ce kt . Now t = 0 corresponds to e−c = ⎜ ⎟
⎝3⎠
July 1, 1996 where
V = 0.75 ⋅ 80,000 = 60,000, so 100, 000
Hence, N = . In 2005, t = 10, so
( )
t /5
60,000 = C(1). Thus V = 60, 000ekt . Also 1 + 23
V = 38,900 for t = 9.5, so
100, 000
N= ≈ 69, 200.
( )
2
1 + 23

650
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.6

M 40, 000
2. N = Hence N = .
( )
−ct t
1 + be 1 + 1999 1999
399
Since M = 500, and N = 200 when t = 0, we have
500 40, 000
200 = If t = 2, then N = ≈ 500.
( )
2
1+ b 1 + 1999 1999
399
500 5 3
1+ b = = ⇒b= .
200 2 2 M
500 4. N =
Hence N = . When t = 1 we are given 1 + be −ct
1 + 32 e −ct Since M = 50,000, and N = 500 when t = 0, we
N = 300. Thus have
500 50, 000
300 = 500 =
1+ b
1 + 32 e −c
50, 000
3 500 5 1+ b = = 100
1 + e−c = = 500
2 300 3 b = 99
3 −c 2 50, 000
e = Hence N = . If t = 1, then N = 1500.
2 3 1 + 99e −ct
4 Thus
e−c =
9 50, 000
1500 =
Hence N =
500
. When t = 2, then 1 + 99e−c
( )
t 50, 000 100
1 + 32 94 1 + 99e−c = =
1500 3
500
N= ≈ 386 . 99e−c =
97
( )
2
1 + 32 94 3
97
e−c =
M 297
3. N =
1 + be −ct Hence N =
50, 000
.
( )
M = 40,000, and N = 20 when t = 0, so t
1 + 99 297
97
40, 000
20 =
1+ b
40, 000 M
1+ b = = 2000 5. N =
20 1 + be −ct
b = 1999 M = 100,000, and since N = 500 when t = 0, we
40, 000 have
Hence N = . 100, 000
1 + 1999e−ct 500 =
1+ b
40, 000
Since N = 100 when t = 1, 100 = , 100, 000
1 + 1999e−c 1+ b = = 200
500
40, 000
1 + 1999e−c = = 400 b = 199
100
100, 000
399 Hence N =
e−c =
. If t = 1, then
1999 1 + 199e−ct
N = 1000. Thus

651
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

100, 000 1
1000 = when N = .
−c
1 + 199e 2
100, 000 1 1
1 + 199e−c = = 100 =
1000 2 1 + e −t
199e−c = 99 1 + e −t = 2
99 e −t = 1
e−c =
199 t=0
100, 000 ⎛ 1⎞
Hence N = . If t = 2, then Thus the point ⎜ 0, ⎟ is an inflection point
⎝ 2⎠
( )
t
1 + 199 199
99
on the graph.
100, 000
N= ≈ 1990 . 1 1
( )
2
1 + 199 199
99 c. f (t ) = −
−t
1+ e 2
2 − (1 + e−t )
dN =
6. a. = N (1 − N ) 2(1 + e−t )
dt
dN 1 − e −t
= dt =
N (1 − N ) 2(1 + e−t )
dN et − 1
∫ N (1 − N ) = ∫ dt =
2(et + 1)
Using Formula 5 in the Table of Integrals, Replace t by −t then multiply numerator and
dN N
for ∫ , we get ln = t + C. denominator by et .
N (1 − N ) 1− N
e −t − 1 1 − et et − 1
1 = =− = − f (t )
Since N (0) =
1
, ln 2
= ln1 = 0 = C. 2(e −t + 1) 2(1 + et ) 2(et + 1)
2 1 − 12 Thus, f(t) is symmetric about the origin.
Also, N > 0, and since M = 1, N < 1. Thus
d. The graph of N(t) is the graph of f(t) shifted
⎛ N ⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟ = t. 1
⎝ 1− N ⎠ unit upward. Thus, since f(t) is symmetric
2
N
= et about (0, 0), N(t) is symmetric about
1− N ⎛ 1⎞
N = (1 − N )et ⎜ 0, ⎟ .
⎝ 2⎠
N (et + 1) = et 1
N (t ) = f (t ) +
et 1 2
N= =
t
e +1 1 + e −t 1
N ( −t ) = f ( −t ) +
2
dN 1
b. = N (1 − N ) = N − N 2 = − f (t ) +
dt 2
d2N ⎡ 1⎤
= 1 − 2N = − ⎢ f (t ) + ⎥ + 1
dt 2 ⎣ 2⎦
= 1 − N (t )
d2N 1
= 0 when N = .
2 2
dt
1
1 − 2N > 0 when N < and 1 − 2N < 0
2
1
when N > , so there is an inflection point
2

652
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.6

e. 1.5
N ⎛ 42 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
If T = 37, then ln ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ln ⎟ t
⎝ 32 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
ln 42
t = 32 ≈ −0.945 hr
ln 34
t which corresponds to 57 minutes. Time of
3 murder: 3:17 A.M. − 57 min = 2:20 A.M.
dp
10. = kp ( I − p)
375 375 dt
7. a. N= =
5.2 − 2.3t 5.2 −2.3t This is logistic growth, so the maximum rate of
1+ e 1+ e e
I
≈
375 formation (growth) occurs when p = , which
2
1 + 181.27e−2.3t
is when there are equal amounts of both
enzymes.
375
b. lim N = = 375
t →∞ 1 + 181.27(0) dx
11. = k (200, 000 − x)
dt
0.2524 dx
8. a. N=
e −2.128 x
+ 0.005125 ∫ 200, 000 − x = ∫ k dt
0.2524 − ln(200, 000 − x) = kt + C
0.005125
= ln(200,000 – x) = –kt – C
e−2.128 x + 0.005125
0.005125
200, 000 − x = e− kt −C = e −C e− kt = Ae− kt , where
49.25 49.25
≈ ≈ A = e−C . Thus x = 200,000 − Ae− kt . If t = 0,
e −2.128 x +1 1 + 195.1e −2.128 x then x = 50,000, so
0.005125
50, 000 = 200, 000 − A ⇒ A = 150, 000 . Thus
b. If x = 0, then N ≈
49.25
≈ 0.2511 cm2. x = 200, 000 − 150, 000e −kt . If t = 1, then
1 + 195.1 x = 100,000, so
100, 000 = 200, 000 − 150, 000e− k
dT
= k (T − a ) where a = −5.
150, 000e− k = 100, 000
9.
dt
dT 100, 000 2
= k dt e− k = =
T +5 150, 000 3
dT
∫ T + 5 = ∫ k dt
t
⎛2⎞
Thus x = 200, 000 − 150, 000 ⎜ ⎟ . If t = 3, then
Thus ln(T + 5) = kt + C. At t = 0, we have ⎝3⎠
T = 27, so ln(27 + 5) = 0 + C, C = ln 32, and ⎛ 8 ⎞
ln(T + 5) = kt + ln 32. x = 200,000 − 150, 000 ⎜ ⎟ ≈ $155,555.56.
⎝ 27 ⎠
ln(T + 5) − ln 32 = kt
⎛T +5⎞ dN
Hence ln ⎜ ⎟ = kt. 12. = kN 2
⎝ 32 ⎠ dt
⎛ 19 + 5 ⎞ dN
If t = 1, then T = 19. Thus ln ⎜
⎝ 32 ⎠
⎟ = k ⋅1, so ∫ N 2 = ∫ k dt
24 3 ⎛T +5⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ 1
k = ln = ln . Hence ln ⎜ − = kt + C
⎟ = ⎜ ln ⎟ t. N
32 4 ⎝ 32 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
1
If t = 0, then N = N0 . Thus − = C , so
N0

653
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

1 1 Problems 15.7
− = kt −
N N0
∞ 1 r
1 −kN 0 t + 1 1. ∫3 dx = lim ∫ x −3 dx
= x 3 r →∞ 3
N N0 r
x −2
r
N0 1 1
N= = lim = − lim
1 − kN 0t r →∞ −2 2 r →∞ x 2 3
3
−
⎛ 1 ⎞ +
1 ⎛ 1 1⎞ 1⎛ 1⎞ 1
As t → ⎜ ⎟ , then 1 − kN 0t → 0 , so = − lim ⎜ − ⎟ = − ⎜ 0 − ⎟ =
2 r →∞ ⎝ r 2 9 ⎠ 2⎝ 9 ⎠ 18
⎝ 0⎠
kN
N →∞.
∞ 1 1 r
2. ∫1 dx = lim ∫ (3x − 1)−2 [3 dx]
2
dN (3x − 1) r →∞ 3 1
13. = k (M − N )
dt r
⎡ 1 ⎤
dN = lim ⎢ − ⎥
∫ M − N = ∫ k dt r →∞ ⎣ 3(3 x − 1) ⎦
1
⎡ 1 1⎤
–ln(M – N) = kt + C = lim ⎢ − + ⎥
If t = 0, then N = N0 , so − ln ( M − N 0 ) = C . r →∞ ⎣ 3(3r − 1) 6 ⎦
1
Thus we have = 0+
− ln( M − N ) = kt − ln ( M − N 0 ) 6
1
ln ( M − N 0 ) − ln( M − N ) = kt =
6
M − N0
ln = kt r
M −N ∞ 1 r1

M −N
3. ∫1 x dx = lim ∫
r →∞ 1 x
dx = lim
r →∞
ln x
1
ln = −kt
M − N0 = lim ( ln r − 0 )
r →∞
M −N
= e− kt = lim ln r = ∞ ⇒ diverges
M − N0 r →∞

M − N = ( M − N0 ) e − kt
∞ 1 r − 23
N = M − ( M − N 0 ) e− kt
4. ∫2 3 ( x + 2) 2
dx = lim ∫ ( x + 2)
r →∞ 2
dx

1 r
Apply It 15.7 ( x + 2) 3
= lim
r →∞ 1
6.
∞
∫0 (3e −0.1t
)
− 3e−0.3t dt 3
2
= lim 3 ⎡ 3 r + 2 − 3 (4) ⎤
∫ ( 3e ) r →∞ ⎣
r −0.1t ⎦
= lim − 3e−0.3t dt
r →∞ 0 = ∞ ⇒ diverges

( )
r
= lim −30e−0.1t + 10e−0.3t ∞ −x r
r
r →∞ 0 5. ∫37 e dx = lim − ∫ e − x [−dx] = lim (−e− x )
r →∞ 37 r →∞
⎡ 30
( ⎤
)
10 37
= lim ⎢ − + − −30e0 + 10e0 ⎥
r →∞ ⎣ e −0.1r e 0.3r
⎦
r →∞
(
= lim −e− r + e−37 ) ⎛ 1
= lim ⎜ − +
r →∞ ⎝ e r
1 ⎞
⎟
e37 ⎠
⎡ 30 10 ⎤
= lim ⎢ − + − (−20) ⎥ 1 1
r →∞ ⎣ e0.1r e0.3r ⎦ = 0+ = = e−37
37 37
= 0 + 0 + 20 = 20 e e
The total amount of the drug that is eliminated is
approximately 20 milliliters.

654
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Section 15.7

∫0 ( 5 + e ) dx = lim ∫ (5 + e ) dx
∞ −x r −x ∞ − x2 0 2 ∞ 2
6. 11. ∫−∞ 2 xe dx = ∫ 2 xe − x dx + ∫ 2 xe − x dx
r →∞ 0 −∞ 0
0 − x2 0 2
∫−∞ 2 xe dx = lim − ∫ e − x [−2 x dx]
( ) ( )
r
= lim 5 x − e −x
= lim ⎡ 5r − e− r − (0 − 1) ⎤ r →−∞ r
r →∞ 0 r →∞ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥ 0
2
⎛ 1 ⎞ = lim − e− x
= lim ⎜ 5r − + 1⎟ = ∞ ⇒ diverges r →−∞ r
r →∞ ⎝ r
e ⎠ ⎡ 1 ⎤
= lim ⎢ −1 + 2 ⎥ = −1 + 0 = −1
r →−∞ ⎢ er ⎥⎦
∞ 1 r −1 1 r ⎣
7. ∫1 dx = lim ∫ x2 dx = lim 2 x 2 ∞ 2 r
2 xe− x dx = lim − ∫ e − x [−2 x dx]
2
x r →∞ 1 r →∞ 1 ∫0 r →∞ 0

r →∞
(
= lim 2 r − 2 = ∞ ⇒ diverges) = lim − e x
2 r

r →∞ 0
⎡ 1 ⎤
( )
∞ x 1 r − 32
8. ∫4 dx = lim ∫ x 2 + 9 [2 x dx] = lim ⎢ − 2 + 1⎥ = 0 + 1 = 1
( x + 9)
3 r →∞ 2 4 r →∞ ⎢ e r ⎥⎦
2 ⎣
∞ − x2
r
⎡
Thus ∫−∞ 2 xe dx = −1 + 1 = 0.
⎡ ⎤ 1⎤
( )
− 12 1
= lim ⎢ − x 2 + 9 ⎥ = lim ⎢ − + ⎥
r →∞ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥ 4 r →∞ ⎣⎢ r 2 + 9 5 ⎦⎥ ∞ 0 ∞
12. ∫−∞ (5 − 3x)dx = ∫−∞ (5 − 3x)dx + ∫0 (5 − 3x)dx
1 1
= 0+ = 0 0
5 5 ∫−∞ (5 − 3x)dx = r →−∞
lim ∫ (5 − 3 x)dx
r
0
−3 1 −3 ⎛ 3 ⎞
9. ∫−∞ ( x + 1)2 dx = lim ∫ ( x + 1)−2 dx = lim ⎜ 5 x − x 2 ⎟
r →−∞ r r →−∞ ⎝ 2 ⎠r
−3
1 ⎡ ⎛ 3 ⎞⎤
= lim − = lim ⎢ (0 − 0) − ⎜ 5r − r 2 ⎟ ⎥
r →−∞ x + 1 r r →−∞ ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
⎡1 1 ⎤ ⎛ 3 ⎞
= lim ⎢ + ⎥ = lim ⎜ −5r + r 2 ⎟ = ∞
r →−∞ ⎣ 2 r + 1 ⎦ r →−∞ ⎝ 2 ⎠
1
= +0 ∞
2 Thus ∫−∞ (5 − 3x)dx diverges
1
=
2 ∞ k
13. a. ∫800 x 2 dx = 1
∞ 1 r −1/3
10. ∫1 3
x −1
dx = lim∫ ( x − 1)
r →∞ 1
dx
lim k ∫
r
x −2 dx = 1
r →∞ 800
r
3
= lim ( x − 1)2/3 k
r
r →∞ 2 1 lim − =1
r →∞ x 800
3 2/3
= lim [(r − 1) − 0]
r →∞ 2 ⎛ k k ⎞
lim ⎜ − + ⎟ =1
= ∞ ⇒ diverges r →∞ ⎝ r 800 ⎠
k
0+ =1
800
k = 800

655
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

∞ 800 r
x −2 dx
∞ 1 −x r − 8x ⎡ 1 ⎤
b. ∫1200 x 2
dx = lim 800 ∫
r →∞ 1200
β =∫
xc
8
8
e dx = lim − ∫ e
r →∞ xc ⎢ − 8 dx ⎥
⎣ ⎦
r r
800 − 8x
= lim − = lim − e
r →∞ x 1200 r →∞ xc
⎛ 800 800 ⎞ 2 2 ⎡ 1 −( 1 ) xc ⎤
= lim ⎜ − + = 0+ =
r →∞ ⎝ r 1200 ⎟⎠ 3 3 = lim ⎢ − r + e 8 ⎥
r →∞ ⎢ ⎥⎦
⎣ e8
∞ − ( 18 ) xc
14. ∫1 ke −2 x dx = 1 = 0+e
k r =e
− ( 18 ) xc
lim − ∫ e−2 x [−2 dx] = 1
r →∞ 2 1
r
ke−2 x
0 1 0 3x
17. Area = − ∫ −e3 x dx = lim ∫ e [3 dx]
lim − =1 −∞ r →−∞ 3 r
r →∞ 2 0
1 1 3x ⎡1 1 ⎤
⎛ k k ⎞ = lim ⋅e = lim ⎢ − er ⎥
lim ⎜ − + ⎟ =1 r →−∞ 3 r r →−∞ ⎣ 3 3 ⎦
2 r
r →∞ ⎝ 2e 2e 2 ⎠ 1 1
k = − 0 = sq units
0+ =1 3 3
2e 2
Thus k = 2e2 . ∞ r (θ − ρ )t
18. V = π0 ∫ eθ t e− ρt dt = π0 lim ∫e dt
0 r →∞ 0
∞ −0.02t
∫0 500, 000e 1 r (θ − ρ )t
15. dt = π0 lim
r →∞ θ − ρ
∫0
e [(θ − ρ )dt ]
500, 000 r −0.02t
−0.02 ∫0
= lim e [−0.02 dt ] r
r →∞ π0 (θ − ρ )t π0 ⎡ (θ − ρ ) r ⎤
= lim e = lim e −1
r r →∞ θ − ρ r →∞ θ − ρ ⎣ ⎦
500, 000 −0.02t 0
= lim − e
r →∞ 0.02 π
0 = 0 [0 − 1] (since θ − ρ < 0 )
θ −ρ
500, 000 ⎛ 1 ⎞
= lim − ⎜ − 1⎟ π0
r →∞ 0.02 ⎝ e0.02 r ⎠ =−
θ −ρ
500, 000
=− (−1) = 25, 000, 000 π0 π0
0.02 Thus V = − = .
θ −ρ ρ −θ
∞ r
16. α = ∫ e− x dx = lim − ∫ e− x [−dx]
xc r →∞ xc ∞ 40, 000 r 40, 000
r
19. ∫0 (t + 2) 2
dt = lim
r →∞ 0
∫ (t + 2)2
dt
= lim − e − x
r →∞ r
xc 40, 000
= lim −
⎛ 1 ⎞ r →∞ t +2 0
= lim ⎜ − + e− xc ⎟ = 0+e
− xc
= e− xc
r →∞ ⎝ e r ⎠ ⎡ 40, 000 40, 000 ⎤
= lim ⎢ − +
r →∞ ⎣ r+2 2 ⎥⎦
40, 000
= 0+ = 20, 000 increase
2

656
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Chapter 15 Review

Chapter 15 Review Problems

1. Use Formula 42 with u = x and n = 2. Then du = dx.

x3 ln x x3
∫ x ln x dx =
2
− +C
3 32
1 ⎛ 1⎞
= x3 ⎜ ln x − ⎟ + C
3 ⎝ 3⎠

2. Use Formula 27 with u = 2x, a 2 = 1 . Then du = 2 dx.

1 1 1
∫ 2 dx = 2 ∫ (2 dx)
4x + 1 (2 x) 2 + 1
1
= ln 2 x + 4 x 2 + 1 + C
2

3. Use Formula 23 with u = 3x, a 2 = 16. Then

du = 3 dx.
2 1 2
∫0 9 x + 16 dx = 3 ∫0 (3x) + 16 (3 dx)
2 2

2
1 ⎡1 ⎛ ⎞⎤
= ⎢ ⎜ (3x) 9 x 2 + 16 + 16 ln 3x + 9 x 2 + 16 ⎟⎥
3 ⎣2 ⎝ ⎠⎦ 0
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎝
8
3
( )
⎠ ⎝
8
= ⎜ 2 13 + ln 6 + 2 13 ⎟ − ⎜ 0 + ln 4 ⎟
3 ⎠
8 ⎛ 6 + 2 13 ⎞
= 2 13 + ln ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
3 ⎝ 4 ⎠
8 ⎛ 3 + 13 ⎞
= 2 13 + ln ⎜⎜ ⎟
3 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

16 x ⎛ 12 ⎞
4. By long division, ∫ 3 − 4 x dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ −4 + 3 − 4 x ⎟⎠ dx = −4 x − 3ln 3 − 4 x + C
Or, by Formula 3 with u = x, a = 3, and b = –4. Then du = dx.
16 x x ⎡ x 3 ⎤
∫ 3 − 4 x dx = 16∫ 3 − 4 x dx = 16 ⎢⎣ −4 − 16 ln 3 − 4 x ⎥⎦ + C = −4 x − 3ln 3 − 4 x + C

15 x − 2 ⎛ 15 x 2 ⎞
5. ∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) dx = ∫ ⎜⎝ (3x + 1)( x − 2) − (3x + 1)( x − 2) ⎟⎠ dx
15 x
For ∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) dx, use Formula 12 with u = x, a = 1, b = 3, c = −2, and k = 1. Then du = dx.
15 x x ⎡1 ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) dx = 15∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) dx = 15 ⎢⎣ −7 ⎜⎝ −2 ln x − 2 − 3 ln 3x + 1 ⎟⎠⎥⎦ + C
2
For ∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) dx, use Formula 11 with
u = x, a = 1, b = 3, c = −2, and k = 1. Then du = dx.
2 dx ⎛ 1 3x + 1 ⎞
∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) dx = 2∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) = 2 ⎜⎝ −7 ln x − 2 ⎟⎠ + C
657
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

15 x − 2
Thus, ∫ (3x + 1)( x − 2) dx
30 5 2 3x + 1
= ln x − 2 + ln 3x + 1 + ln +C
7 7 7 x−2
30 5 2 2
= ln x − 2 + ln 3x + 1 + ln 3x + 1 − ln x − 2 + C
7 7 7 7
= 4 ln x − 2 + ln 3x + 1 + C

1
6. The integral can be put in the form ∫ u du with u = ln x.

eb
eb 1 eb 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
∫ea x ln x
dx = ∫ a
e ln x ⎢⎣ x
dx ⎥ = ln ln x
⎦ ea

= ln ln eb − ln ln ea = ln b − ln a

7. Use Formula 9 with u = x, a = 2, and b = 1. Then du = dx.

dx 1 1 x
∫ x( x + 2)2 = 2( x + 2) + 4 ln x + 2 + C
8. Use Formula 35 with u = x and a = 1. Then du = dx.
dx 1 x −1
∫ x 2 − 1 = 2 ln x + 1 + C

9. Use Formula 21 with u = 4x and a 2 = 9 . Then du = 4 dx.

dx (4 dx) ⎡ 9 − 16 x 2 ⎤
∫ = 4∫ = 4 ⎢− ⎥+C
x 2 9 − 16 x 2 (4 x )2 9 − (4 x)2 ⎢ 9(4 x) ⎥
⎣ ⎦
9 − 16 x 2
=− +C
9x

10. Use Formula 42 with u = x 2 and n = 1. Then du = 2x dx.

1
∫ x ln x dx = 2 ∫ ( x ) ln( x )[2 x dx]
3 2 2 2

1 ⎛ ( x 2 )2 ln x 2 ( x 2 )2 ⎞
= ⎜ − ⎟+C
2 ⎜⎝ 2 22 ⎟⎠
1 4 1
= x ln x 2 − x 4 + C
4 8

11. Use Formula 35 with u = x and a = a. Then du = dx.

dx 1 x−a
∫ x 2 − a 2 = 2a ln x + a + C
12. Use Formula 15 with u = x, a = 2, and b = 5. Then du = dx.
x 2(5 x − 4) 2 + 5 x
∫ 2 + 5x dx = 75
+C

658
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Chapter 15 Review

13. Use Formula 38 with u = x and a = 7. Then 19. Partial fractions

du = dx. 5 x 2 + 2 5 x2 + 2 A Bx + C
= = +
∫ 49 xe dx = 49∫ xe7 x du
7x
3
x +x x( x + 1) x x 2 + 1
2

⎡ e7 x ⎤
= 49 ⎢ (7 x − 1) ⎥ + C = e7 x (7 x − 1) + C 5 x 2 + 2 = A( x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C ) x
⎣⎢ 49 ⎦⎥ = ( A + B) x 2 + Cx + A
Thus, A + B = 5, C = 0, A = 2. This gives
14. Use Formula 45 with u = x, a = 2, b = 3, and A = 2, B = 3, C = 0.
c = 4. Then du = dx.
5x2 + 2 ⎡2 3x ⎤
( )
∫ 2 + 3e4 x = 8 ⎡⎢⎣ 4 x − ln 2 + 3e ⎤⎥⎦ + C
dx 1 4x ∫ x3 + x dx = ∫ ⎢⎣ x + x 2 + 1 ⎥⎦ dx

1
3
(
= 2 ln x + ln x 2 + 1 + C
2
)
15. The integral has the form ∫ du .
u
20. Partial fractions
dx 1 1 ⎡2 ⎤ 1
∫ 2 x ln x2 = 4 ∫ ln x2 ⎢⎣ x dx ⎥⎦ = 4 ln ln x + C
2
3 x3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x + 3 3x3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x + 3
=
x 4 + x3 + x 2 x 2 ( x 2 + x + 1)
16. Use Formula 5 with u = x, a = a, and b = 1. Then A B Cx + D
du = dx. = + +
x x2 x 2 + x + 1
dx 1 x
∫ x( x + a) = a ln x + a + C 3x3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x + 3
= Ax( x 2 + x + 1) + B ( x 2 + x + 1) + (Cx + D ) x 2
17. Long division or Formula 3. For long division, = ( A + C ) x3 + ( A + B + D ) x 2 + ( A + B) x + B
2x ⎡ 3 ⎤ Thus, A + C = 3, A + B + D = 5, A + B = 4,
∫ 3 + 2 x dx = ∫ ⎢⎣1 − 3 + 2 x ⎥⎦ dx B = 3.
This gives A = 1, B = 3, C = 2, D = 1.
1 1
= x − 3⋅ ∫ [2 dx] 3x3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x + 3
2 3 + 2x ∫ x 4 + x3 + x2 dx
3
= x − ln 3 + 2 x + C . ⎡1 3 2x +1 ⎤
2 = ∫⎢ + + ⎥ dx
2 2
For Formula 3, use u = x, a = 3, and b = 2. Then ⎣x x x + x +1⎦
du = dx.
2x x = ln x −
3
(
+ ln x 2 + x + 1 + C )
∫ 3 + 2 x dx = 2∫ 3 + 2 x dx x

⎛x 3 ⎞ 3 21. Integration by parts

= 2 ⎜ − ln 3 + 2 x ⎟ + C = x − ln 3 + 2 x + C
⎝ 2 4 ⎠ 2 u = ln(x + 1)
dv = ( x + 1)1/2 dx
2
18. Use Formula 30 with u = 2x and a = 9. Then 1 2
du = 2 dx. Then du = dx and v = ( x + 1)3/2 .
x +1 3
dx (2 dx)
∫ 2 2 = 2∫ 2 ∫ ln( x + 1) x + 1 dx
x 4x − 9 (2 x ) (2 x )2 − 9 2 2 1
⎛ − 4 x2 − 9 ⎞ = ( x + 1)3/2 ln( x + 1) − ∫ ( x + 1)3/2 dx
2 x +1
⎟ + C = 4x − 9 + C
3 3
= 2⎜ − 2 2
⎜ 9(2 x) ⎟ 9 = ( x + 1)3/2 ln( x + 1) − ∫ ( x + 1)1/2 dx
⎝ ⎠ 3 3
2 3/2 2 ( x + 1)3/2
= ( x + 1) ln( x + 1) − ⋅ +C
3 3 3
2
2 ⎡ 2⎤
= ( x + 1)3/2 ⎢ln( x + 1) − ⎥ + C
3 ⎣ 3⎦

659
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Chapter 15: Methods and Applications of Integration ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis

22. Integration by parts 26. y ′ − f ′( x)e f ( x )− y = 0, y(0) = f(0)

2
u=x dy
− f ′( x)e f ( x ) e − y = 0
dv = e x dx dx
Then du = 2x dx and v = e x . dy = f ′( x)e f ( x) e− y dx
e y dy = f ′( x)e f ( x) dx
∫x e dx = x 2 e x − ∫ 2 xe x dx
2 x

∫e dy = ∫ e f ( x ) [ f ′( x) dx]
y
∫ 2 xe dx, use integration by parts again.
x
For
u = 2x e y = e f ( x) + C
dv = e x dx y(0) = f(0) implies e f (0) = e f (0) + C , C = 0.
Then du = 2 dx and v = e x . Thus e y = e f ( x ) or y = f(x).

∫ 2 xe dx = 2 xe − ∫ 2e dx = 2 xe − 2e
x x x x x
+C ∞ 1 r −2.5
27. ∫1 dx = lim ∫ x dx
∫ x e dx = x e − (2 xe − 2e ) + C
2 x 2 x x x 2.5
x r →∞ 1
r
= e x ( x 2 − 2 x + 2) + C x −1.5
= lim
r →∞ −1.5
4 1
23. f =
1 4
4 − 2 ∫2
3x 2 + 2 x dx =(1 3
2
x + x2
2
) ( ) = lim −
2
r

r →∞3x1.5 1
1
= [(64 + 16) − (8 + 4)] = 34 ⎛ 2 2⎞
2 = lim ⎜ − + ⎟
r →∞ ⎝ 3r1.5 3 ⎠
2
1 1 2 t = 0+
1 − 0 ∫0
24. f = t e dt 3
2
For ∫ t 2 et dt , use Formula 39 with u = t, n = 2, =
3
and a = 1. Then du = dt.
∫t e dt = t 2 et − 2∫ tet dt
2 t 0
0 0 2x e2 x
∫−∞ e ∫
2x
28. dx = lim e dx = lim
For ∫ tet dt , use Formula 38 with u = t and a = r →−∞ r r →−∞ 2
r
1. Then du = dt. ⎡1 1 ⎤ 1 1
= lim ⎢ − e2 r ⎥ = − 0 =
∫ t e dt = t e − 2[e (t − 1)] + C r →−∞ ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2
2 t 2 t t 2

= et (t 2 − 2t + 2) + C r
∞ 1 r 1 1
Thus,
1 1
29. ∫1 2 x dx = rlim
→∞
∫1 2x
dx = lim ln x
r →∞ 2 1
f = ∫ t 2 et dt = et (t 2 − 2t + 2) = e(1) − 1(2)
0 0 ⎡1 ⎤
= e − 2. = lim ⎢ ln r − 0 ⎥ = ∞ ⇒ diverges
r →∞ ⎣ 2 ⎦
25. y′ = 3 x 2 y + 2 xy , y > 0
dy
y
(
= 3x 2 + 2 x dx )
∫
dy
y ∫
(
= 3x 2 + 2 x dx )
3 2
ln y = x3 + x 2 + C1 , from which y = e x + x +C1 ,
3
+ x2
y = Ce x , where C > 0.

660
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
ISM: Introductory Mathematical Analysis Chapter 15 Review

∞ 1− x 2 0 ∞ 33. N = N0 e −λt , where N 0 is the original amount

2 2
30. ∫−∞ xe dx = ∫ xe1− x dx + ∫ xe1− x dx
−∞ 0
present. When t = 100, then N = 0.95 N 0 , so we
0 1− x 2 1 0 1− x2
∫−∞ xe dx = lim −
r →−∞ 2 ∫r
e [−2 x dx] have
0
0.95N 0 = N 0 e−100λ
1 2
= lim − e1− x 0.95 = e−100λ
r →−∞ 2 r −100λ = ln 0.95
⎡ 1 1 2 ⎤ 1 1
= lim ⎢ − e + e1− r ⎥ = − e − 0 = − e λ=−
ln 0.95
≈ 0.0005 (decay constant). After
r →−∞ ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2 2 100
∞ 1− x 2 1 r 2
− ∫ e1− x [−2 x dx] 200 years, N = N0 e−200λ . Thus
∫0 xe dx = rlim
→∞ 2 0
N −200 ⎡⎣ − ln100
0.95 ⎤
r = e−200λ = e ⎦ = e 2 ln 0.95
1 2
= lim − e1− x
N0
r →∞ 2 0 ≈ 0.90 = 90%
⎡ 1 2 1 ⎤ 1 1
= lim ⎢ − e1− r + e ⎥ = 0 + e = e dq
r →∞ ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2 2 34. = − kq
dt
∞ 1− x 2 1 1 dq
Thus ∫−∞ xe = − e+ e = 0
2 2 q
= − k dt

dq
31. N = N0 ekt ∫ q = ∫ −k dt
Since N = 500,000 when t = 0 (1980), ln q = − kt + C
N 0 = 500, 000. Thus N = 500, 000ekt . When t = 0, q = q0 , so ln q0 = 0 + C = C. Thus
Since N = 1,000,000 when t = 20, then ln q = −kt + ln q0
1, 000, 000 = 500, 000e 20 k q = e− kt eln q0 = q0 e− kt
2 = e20 k 7 q
When t = , = e−7 ≈ 0.09%.
ln 2 k q0
ln 2 = 20k , or k = .
20
t ln202 450
Thus N = 500, 000e 35. N =
1 + be −ct
= 500, 000(eln 2 )t /20
450
= 500, 000(2)t /20 If t = 0, then N = 2. Thus 2 = ,
1+ b
For the year 2020, we have t = 40 and
450 450
N = 500, 000(2)40/20 1+ b = = 225 , b = 224, so N = .
2 1 + 224e−ct
= 500, 000(2)2 If t = 6, then
= 2, 000, 000.

32. N = N0 ekt
When t = 0, then N = 40,000. Thus N 0 = 40, 000
and N = 40, 000ekt . When t = 10, then
N = 80,000, so
80,000 = 40, 000e10 k
2 = e10k
ln 2 t ln 2
10 k = ln 2, or k = . Thus N = 40, 000e 10 .
10

661
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.