CN115580780A - 摄像机致动器及其移动装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供用于消除或减轻多种霍尔传感器温度效应的摄像机致动器及其移动装置。所述摄像机致动器可包括一磁体线圈装置,用于在其之间提供一相对运动以获得一相对位置;一温度传感器,位于所述霍尔传感器附近,所述温度传感器用于提供温度感测;及一控制器,具有耦合到所述霍尔传感器和所述温度传感器的两个或多个通道,及所述控制器配置为控制所述相对运动,以及基于所述温度感测,向所述霍尔传感器提供一温度校正输入,以补偿所述霍尔传感器感测上的一温度效应。
Description
本申请为申请号202180004683.6(PCT申请号为PCT/IB2021/052802)、申请日2021年04月04日、发明名称“用于霍尔棒传感器校正的温度控制”的分案申请。
相关申请案
本申请主张于2020年4月26日提交的美国临时专利申请案第63/015,576号的权益,其全文通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本文公开的实施例涉及小型便携式电子装置(例如智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等)中的多种音圈电机(VCM),特别是补偿热量(温度)对测量由此类音圈电机致动的运动的传感器的影响。
背景技术
集成在各种移动电子装置(如智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等)中的摄像头使用微型、紧凑型致动器以用于各种元件(如镜头、反射元件等)的各种运动(如旋转、倾斜、移动等)。这些致动器通常是音圈电机(voice coil motor,VCM)或步进电机。特别是,音圈电机用于移动聚焦透镜和用于移动反射元件(在“折叠(folded)”摄像机中)和/或光学图像稳定(OIS)透镜。音圈电机包含至少一个磁体线圈对。图1示意地示出了附图标记为100的示例性音圈电机,其包含(a)俯(平面)视图和(b)侧(横截面)视图中的磁体102、线圈104和霍尔棒传感器(Hall bar sensor)(或简称“霍尔传感器”或“霍尔棒”)。在致动过程中,通过控制器(本文未示出)进行控制,磁体和线圈在两者之间进行相对运动(例如,在所示XY平面的X方向上),运动由通过线圈的电流进行驱动。磁体相对于线圈的位置由霍尔传感器测量,并由控制器读取。在一些实施例中,霍尔传感器位于线圈内,如图1所示。
霍尔传感器的测量受温度(“T”)变化的影响。温度是由通过驱动通过线圈的电流来增加以及摄像头和/或音圈电机周围各种部件产生的热量引起的。在音圈电机(如100)中,线圈内一个位置(如霍尔传感器106的位置)的通常温度增加可能为10~75度或更多。对于典型的霍尔传感器,温度增加100度可能导致输出电压降低3~10%。
例如,假设(1)温度增加50度,(2)在100度内霍尔传感器的输出电压下降6%,以及(3)此下降在100度范围内的线性行为,预计输出电压下降3%。这3%的下降可能会对光学图像稳定(OIS)或自动对焦(AF)摄像机等应用造成显着的障碍,其中对于0.3~1毫米的行程范围或“行程(stroke)”,通常需要几微米(μm)的准确度。
霍尔传感器位置测量的温度效应(T效应)是一种有害的有害效应,尤其影响霍尔传感器输出相对于磁通量的可重复性。如果消除或至少减轻霍尔传感器位置测量的温度效应,则可提高音圈电机驱动的摄像头组件(如镜头)的定位准确度。
需要消除或至少缓解音圈电机中霍尔传感器上的温度效应,这将是有利的。
发明内容
在各种实施例中,提供了用于消除或减轻音圈电机中霍尔传感器上的温度效应的多种系统,其中非常小的温度传感器(半导体二极管)可安装在线圈内霍尔传感器旁边,并与控制音圈电机的微控制器(MCU)的可用、未使用的霍尔传感器通道电耦合。
在一些实施例中,一种系统可包含一磁体线圈装置,用于在其之间提供一相对运动以获得一相对位置;一霍尔传感器,用于感测所述相对运动;一温度传感器,位于所述霍尔传感器附近,所述温度传感器用于提供温度感测;及一控制器,具有耦合到所述霍尔传感器和所述温度传感器的两个或多个通道,及所述控制器配置为控制所述相对运动,以及基于所述温度感测,向所述霍尔传感器提供一温度校正输入,以补偿(校正)所述霍尔传感器感测上的一温度效应,由此校正的所述霍尔传感器的感测可被用于校正相对位置。
在一些实施例中,所述磁体线圈装置可被包含在一音圈电机中。在一些实施例中,所述磁体线圈装置被包含在一步进电机中。
在一些实施例中,所述控制器通过现有未使用的多个控制器通道耦合到所述温度传感器。在一些实施例中,所述霍尔传感器可位于所述线圈内。在一些实施例中,所述温度传感器和所述霍尔传感器均位于线圈内。在一些实施例中,所述温度传感器可以为一半导体二极管。在一些实施例中,所述温度传感器可以为一热敏电阻。
在一些实施例中,所述控制器可以具有两个通道。在一些实施例中,所述控制器可以具有三个通道。在一些实施例中,所述控制器可以具有四个或更多个通道。
在一些实施例中,所述霍尔传感器包含一霍尔传感器输入和一霍尔传感器输出,其中所述控制器包含用于耦合到所述霍尔传感器输入和所述霍尔传感器输出操作的一接口。
在一些实施例中,所述控制器的所述多个通道的所述接口包含:一第一霍尔传感器通道,所述第一霍尔传感器通道包含一第一电流模块,耦合到所述霍尔传感器输入;及一第一电压感测模块,耦合到所述霍尔传感器输出并感测一霍尔输出电压;以及一第二霍尔传感器通道,所述第二霍尔传感器通道包含一第二电流模块,耦合到所述温度传感器;及一第二电压感测模块,耦合到所述温度传感器并感测与温度相关的一温度传感器输出电压。
在一些实施例中,所述控制器可具有小于25平方毫米(mm2)的一面积。在一些实施例中,所述控制器可具有小于20平方毫米的一面积。在一些实施例中,所述控制器可具有小于15平方毫米的一面积。
在一些实施例中,所述霍尔传感器和所述温度传感器为热耦合。在一些实施例中,所述霍尔传感器和所述温度传感器通过一导热膏进行热耦合。
在一些实施例中,所述控制器可以是一独立组件。在一些实施例中,所述控制器可以作为一子组件集成到另一个电子组件中。
在一些实施例中,所述温度传感器可以不位于所述霍尔传感器附近,而是位于紧邻所述霍尔传感器类似于温度环境的一位置。
在各种实施例中,可以提供一种移动装置,其包含如上或下所述的系统。
在一些实施例中,所述移动装置可以是一智能手机。
附图说明
下面参考本段后面列出的附图来描述本文公开的实施例的非限制性示例。出现在多个说明书附图中的相同结构、元件或部件通常在其出现的所有说明书附图中使用相同的附图标记来进行标记。说明书附图和描述旨在说明实施例和使实施例清楚。
图1示意性地示出了一个示例性音圈电机的(a)俯视图和(b)横截面图。
图2示出了本文公开的系统的实施例,所述系统包含一霍尔传感器、一温度传感器和一控制器。
图3示意性地示出了本文公开的具有霍尔传感器感测漂移使用温度补偿的音圈电机的实施例的(a)俯视图和(b)横截面图。
图4示出了图2的系统中的控制器的内部布局。
图5示出了本文公开的方法的一个实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
摄像头致动器的控制器具有用于连接霍尔传感器的模拟电路。如上所述,霍尔传感器通道包含输入电压感测和输出恒定电流源。一些摄像头致动器的控制器有多个备用通道,用于更多个未使用的霍尔传感器(“多个未使用的通道”)。
现在参考图2,其示出了包含霍尔传感器202、温度传感器204(“T传感器(T-sensor)”)和控制器(也称为“微控制器”或“MCU”)206的系统200的实施例。控制器206例如是数码摄像机中使用的音圈电机的控制器或霍尔传感器的控制器。控制器206包含多个传感器通道206a、206b…206n。每个传感器通道206a、206b…206n包含相应的电流模块208a、208b…208n和相应的电压检测模块210a、210b…210n。申请人已确定控制器206可以被耦合至温度传感器204。霍尔传感器202包含作为电流输入端子的输入端子202a和202b,以及作为电压输出端子的输出端子202c和202d。温度传感器204包含两个端子204a和204b,其为电流端子。电流模块208a连接至输入端子202a和202b,并配置为通过输入端子202a和202b激起一恒定电流。电压检测模块210a连接至输出端子202c和202d,并配置为测量端子202c和202d上的电压。电流模块208b连接至端子204a和204b,并配置为通过端子204a和204b激起一恒定电流。在一些实施例中,电流模块208b可通过另一个电性组件(如电阻器)耦合至端子204a和204b。电压检测模块210b还连接至端子204a和204b,并配置为检测端子204a和204b上的电压。
本文定义的控制器可以是独立组件,例如集成电路(IC)。具有内置霍尔信号处理电路的集成电路可能是有益的。通常,在俯视图中,此类独立控制器具有基本上四角形形状,其长度(“L”)和宽度(“W”)基本上大于其高度。通常,长度×宽度可以是(1~5)毫米×(1~5)毫米,高度可以是(0.3~1)毫米,例如4毫米×4毫米×0.75毫米(具有一个16平方毫米的面积)或2毫米×5毫米×0.5毫米(具有一个10平方毫米的面积)。
在其他实施例中,控制器可以作为子组件包含在另一个电子组件中。另一个电子组件可以是控制器,不仅包含每个具有电流模块和电压感测模块的通道,例如通道206a,…206n和内置霍尔信号处理电路,还可以具有含有其他功能的附加通道。在一些实施例中,另一控制器可以在移动电子装置的应用处理器(AP)中实现。在其他实施例中,另一控制器可以在包含在移动电子装置中的摄像头的图像传感器中实现。
现在参考图3,其示出了本文公开并附图标记为300的音圈电机的实施例,所述音圈电机具有霍尔传感器感测漂移的温度补偿。图3示出了音圈电机的(a)俯(平面)视图和(b)侧(横截面)视图。音圈电机300包含磁铁302和线圈304。在一些实施例中,如图所示,霍尔传感器306和温度传感器(例如,用作温度传感器的半导体二极管)308位于线圈304内。在其他实施例中,霍尔传感器306和温度传感器308可位于线圈(如线圈304)的外部。在一些实施例中,温度传感器(T-sensor)308位于紧邻(close proximity)霍尔传感器306。在一些实施例中,温度传感器308可以是热敏电阻。在其他实施例中,温度传感器308可包含在基于另一致动器技术的系统中,例如包含步进电机的系统。
在一些实施例中,将温度传感器尽可能靠近霍尔传感器可能是有益的。“尽可能接近”可能为1毫米,甚至500微米或更小,例如100微米。
在其他实施例中,特别是在温度梯度相对较浅的情况下,温度传感器和霍尔传感器之间的距离可能较大。
在又一其它实施例中,温度传感器可以不被放置在霍尔棒附近,而是存在于紧邻所述霍尔传感器类似于温度环境(T environment)的位置。作为一个示例,假设可以发现霍尔传感器位置处的局部温度与不同位置处的局部温度具有非常强的相关性,根据上面给出的定义,其不一定要靠近。
作为此类一系列的示例,参考图3,霍尔传感器可放置在线圈304的左侧位置(在–x方向),温度传感器可放置在线圈304的右侧位置(在+x方向),因此,霍尔传感器的中心和温度传感器的中心都位于相同的y坐标上,此外,霍尔传感器和线圈之间的距离与温度传感器和线圈之间的距离基本上相同。
在其他实施例中,霍尔传感器306和温度传感器308可以被热耦合。热耦合可能是有益的,因为它允许更准确地感测霍尔棒位置处的局部温度。热耦合可通过物理耦合霍尔传感器306和温度传感器308来实现,例如,使用导热膏或具有高导热性且物理连接霍尔传感器和温度传感器的其他组件。
在一些实施例中,例如,为了更精确地测量局部温度,可在两个或多个不同位置包含两个或多个温度传感器,并将其耦合到控制器,以用于感测两个或多个位置处的温度。为了估计局部温度,例如在霍尔传感器的位置处,可以考虑两个或更多个温度传感器的温度值,例如通过将温度值平均,或者通过计算加权总和,考虑每个温度传感器的温度值及其到霍尔传感器的距离。
众所周知,二极管的正向电压与绝对温度近似成比例。二极管(正向偏置)电压Vd的已知表达式如下:
Vd≈kT/q ln(Id/Is) (1)
其中Vd=二极管两端的电压,k=玻尔兹曼(Boltzman)常数,T=绝对温度,q=电子电荷,Id=通过二极管的电流,Is=扩散电流。因此,二极管电压Vd的测量提供T。
现在参考图4,其示出了使用例如控制器206的一控制器来执行温度补偿的霍尔传感器测量的实施例400。具体来说,其概述了控制器通道,如206a、206b…206n如何可用于从温度传感器(如204)提取温度信号,以用于温度补偿的霍尔传感器感测。
在许多音圈电机(如100)中,控制器包含比耦合的传感器更多的通道。例如,参考音圈电机100,控制器通常可以包含1~5个通道,并且只有一个霍尔传感器(例如106)可耦合到控制器。例如,假设一个3通道控制器,从所述控制器的3个通道中,只有一个通道“被使用”,其中2个通道“未被使用”。对于实施例400,例如204的温度传感器可以耦合到未使用的通道中的一个。
在具有两个或多个未使用通道的其他实施例中,两个或多个温度传感器可耦合到未使用的通道。
如图2所示,控制器206的第一温度传感器通道可以耦合到例如202的霍尔传感器,并且第二传感器通道可以耦合到例如204的温度传感器。每个传感器通道包含电流模块和电压检测模块。在下文中,只考虑每个通道的电压传感模块,假设各自的电流模块激发用于传感器的恒定电流输出。
内部布局包含两个电压检测模块402a和402b、两个放大器404a和404b、两个模数转换器(ADC)406a和406b、两个变量(variable)408a和408b、用于从硬件(HW)传输到软件(SW)的功能(function)410和输出412。众所周知,变量是一个存储位址(由内存位址标识),与一个相关联的符号名配对,其中包含一些已知或未知数量的信息,称为值。电压感测模块402a可以与图2的电压感测模块210a相同,并且电耦合到放大器404a。放大器404a与模数转换器406a电耦合,其输出变量408a。电压感测模块402b可以与图2的电压感测模块210b相同,并且电耦合到放大器404b。放大器404b与模数转换器406b电耦合,其输出变量408b。变量408a和408b是功能410的输入。变量408a可表示霍尔传感器输出上测得的电压(VH),也称为霍尔输出电压信号。变量408b可表示温度传感器输出上的电压,所述电压可转换为下式2中使用的温度值。功能410获取变量408a和变量408b并输出输出412。在一个示例中,输出412的值可以是VH0的(寻求的)值的估计值,霍尔传感器输出上的电压系数仅受磁通量而不受温度的影响,a和b是常数。例如:
VH(B,T)≈VH0(B)×[1+a×(T-T0)]+b×(T-T0) (2)
VH是B和T的函数,B是霍尔传感器测量的磁通量,T是温度传感器测量的温度。T0是参考温度。恒定参数a和b的值可由制造商提供,根据霍尔传感器数据表计算和/或在受控环境试验中计算。
总而言之,在本文公开的方法中,使用VH和T(以已知方式与Vd相关)来查找VH0。
图5示出了系统200的使用方法的实施例。在步骤502中,温度传感器308定位在如图3中霍尔传感器306的附近。在步骤504中,温度传感器由微控制器206驱动,在步骤506中获得其温度感测。步骤506中读取的温度值用于校正步骤508中霍尔传感器测量的温度漂移。
为了清楚起见,本文中使用的术语“基本上(substantially)”是指在可接受范围内的值的变化的可能性。根据一个示例,本文使用的术语“基本上”应解释为表明在任何具体值之上或之下最高达10%的可能变化。根据另一示例,本文使用的术语“基本上”应解释为表明在任何具体值之上或之下最高达5%的可能变化。根据又一示例,本文使用的术语“基本上”应解释为表明在任何具体值之上或之下最高达2.5%的可能变化。
除非另有说明,否则在用于选择的选项列表的最后两个成员之间使用表达式“和/或”表示选择一个或多个列出的选项是适当的及可以进行选择。
应当理解,在权利要求书或说明书提及一个或一个元件的情况下,所述引用不应被解释为仅存在所述元件中的一个。
虽然已经根据某些实施例和一般相关联的方法描述了本公开,但本领域技术人员将清楚地看到实施例和方法的变化和组合。本发明不受本文所述的具体实施例的限制,而仅受所附权利要求书的范围的限制。
Claims (20)
1.一种摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器包含:
一磁体线圈装置,用于在磁体和线圈两者之间提供一相对运动以获得一相对位置;
一霍尔传感器,用于感测所述相对运动;
一温度传感器,位于所述霍尔传感器附近,所述温度传感器用于提供温度感测;及
一摄像机致动器控制器,耦合到所述霍尔传感器并具有多个未使用通道,其中所述摄像机致动器控制器和所述温度传感器通过一个未使用的摄像机致动器控制器通道进行操作耦合,所述摄像机致动器控制器被配置为控制所述相对运动,并基于所述温度感测,向所述霍尔传感器提供一温度校正输入,以补偿所述霍尔传感器感测上的一温度效应。
2.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述霍尔传感器位于线圈内。
3.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述温度传感器和所述霍尔传感器位于线圈内。
4.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述温度传感器为一半导体二极管。
5.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述温度传感器为一热敏电阻。
6.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述磁体线圈装置被包含在一音圈电机中。
7.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述磁体线圈装置被包含在一步进电机中。
8.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器包含至少一个附加温度传感器,以形成多个温度传感器。
9.如权利要求8所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述温度校正是基于所述多个温度传感器中的至少两个温度传感器的温度感测。
10.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器具有三个通道。
11.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器具有四个或更多个通道。
12.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器具有一内置的霍尔信号处理电路。
13.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器具有小于25平方毫米的一面积。
14.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器具有小于20平方毫米的一面积。
15.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器具有小于15平方毫米的一面积。
16.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述霍尔传感器和所述温度传感器为热耦合。
17.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器是一独立组件。
18.如权利要求1所述的摄像机致动器,其特征在于,所述摄像机致动器控制器被集成到另一电子部件中。
19.一种移动装置,其特征在于,所述移动装置包含如权利要求1至18任一项所述的摄像机致动器。
20.如权利要求19所述的移动装置,其特征在于,所述移动装置是一智能手机。
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