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CN106030221A - 具有制冷剂充注诊断功能的热泵系统 - Google Patents

具有制冷剂充注诊断功能的热泵系统 Download PDF

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CN106030221A
CN106030221A CN201480025776.7A CN201480025776A CN106030221A CN 106030221 A CN106030221 A CN 106030221A CN 201480025776 A CN201480025776 A CN 201480025776A CN 106030221 A CN106030221 A CN 106030221A
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working fluid
processor
air
heat pump
difference
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CN106030221B (zh
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法迪·M·阿尔萨利姆
格雷格·M·黑梅尔加恩
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Copeland LP
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Emerson Climate Technologies Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1084—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems
    • F24D19/1087—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems system using a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/104—Inspection; Diagnosis; Trial operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/204—Temperature of the air before heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/208—Temperature of the air after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/227—Temperature of the refrigerant in heat pump cycles
    • F24H15/232—Temperature of the refrigerant in heat pump cycles at the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/395—Information to users, e.g. alarms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/45—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based remotely accessible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/23—High amount of refrigerant in the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/24—Low amount of refrigerant in the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
    • F25B2700/21172—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
    • F25B2700/21173—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the outlet

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种热泵回路可以包括室内热交换器、室外热交换器、适于使工作流体在室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机、以及布置于室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置。用于热泵系统的监测器可以包括回气温度传感器、供气温度传感器以及处理器。回气温度传感器可以适于测量室内热交换器上游的空气的第一空气温度。供气温度传感器可以适于测量室内热交换器下游的空气的第二空气温度。处理器可与回气温度传感器和供气温度传感器通信。处理器可以被编程以根据第一空气温度和第二空气温度来确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态。

Description

具有制冷剂充注诊断功能的热泵系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年4月4日提交的美国发明专利申请No.14/244,967的优先权，以及于2013年4月5日提交的美国临时申请No.61/808,688的权益。上述申请的全部公开内容通过参引并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开涉及具有制冷剂充注诊断功能的热泵系统。
背景技术
此部分提供了与本公开相关的背景信息并且其不一定是现有技术。
气候控制系统——例如热泵系统、制冷系统或空调系统——可以包括流体回路，该流体回路具有室外热交换器、室内热交换器、布置于室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置、以及使工作流体(例如，制冷剂或二氧化碳)在室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机。使适当量的工作流体保持在系统内(即，制冷剂充注水平)对气候控制系统的有效且高效的操作是理想的。
发明内容
此部分提供了本公开内容的总体概要，而不是其全部范围或其所有特征的全面公开。
在一种形式中，本公开提供了可以包括基于供气温度和回气温度中的至少一者来确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态的方法。在一些实施方式中，工作流体充注状态可以由基于云的处理装置来确定。
在另一形式中，可以提供用于热泵回路的监测器。热泵回路可以包括室内热交换器、室外热交换器、使工作流体在室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机、以及位于室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置。监测器可以包括回气温度传感器、供气温度传感器和处理器。回气温度传感器可以适于测量室内热交换器上游的空气的第一空气温度。供气温度传感器可以适于测量室内热交换器下游的空气的第二空气温度。处理器可以与回气温度传感器和供气温度传感器通信。处理器可以被编程为基于第一空气温度和第二空气温度确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于第二空气温度与第一空气温度之间的差值以及差值与预定值的比较来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，监测器包括工作流体温度传感器，该工作流体温度传感器布置在膨胀装置与室内热交换器之间并适于在热泵系统以加热模式运行时测量在室内热交换器与膨胀装置之间流动的工作流体的工作流体温度。处理器可以与工作流体温度传感器通信并可以被编程为基于工作流体温度确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于第二空气温度与工作流体温度之间的第一差值来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于第二空气温度与第一空气温度之间的第二差值来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为仅基于第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较、以及第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于工作流体温度与第二空气温度之间的第三差值来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较、第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较、以及第三差值与第三预定值的第三比较来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器与通知装置通信，该通知装置被配置成产生指示出热泵系统的故障状态与工作流体充注状态有关的第一警报、以及指示出热泵系统的故障状态与热泵系统内的工作流体的量无关的第二警报。
在一些实施方式中，处理器为基于云的处理器。通知装置可以包括例如移动、无线计算装置。
在一些实施方式中，处理器与被配置成产生指示出工作流体充注状态的警报的通知装置通信。
在一些实施方式中，处理器为布置成远离于压缩机、回气温度传感器以及供气温度传感器的基于云的处理器。
在另一形式中，本公开提供了监测热泵系统的方法。热泵系统可以包括室内热交换器、室外热交换器、适于使工作流体在室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机、以及布置于室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置。该方法可以包括：接收来自回气温度传感器的在室内热交换器上游的空气的第一空气温度值；接收来自供气温度传感器的在室内热交换器下游的空气的第二空气温度；以及通过使用处理器来确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态，处理器被编程为基于第一空气温度和第二空气温度确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，工作流体充注状态基于下述温度而确定：第一空气温度、第二空气温度、以及在热泵系统处于加热模式时由布置于室内热交换器下游的工作流体温度传感器测量的工作流体温度。
在一些实施方式中，第一空气温度值和第二空气温度值在热泵系统以加热模式操作时而获得。
在一些实施方式中，工作流体温度传感器布置于室内热交换器与膨胀装置之间。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于第二空气温度与第一空气温度的差值以及该差值与预定值的比较来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，该方法可以包括接收在室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间流动的工作流体的工作流体温度。处理器可以被编程为基于工作流体温度来确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，该方法包括在热泵系统以加热模式操作时接收在室内热交换器与膨胀装置之间流动的工作流体的工作流体温度。处理器可以被编程为基于工作流体温度来确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于第二空气温度与工作流体温度之间的第一差值来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器可以被编程为基于第二空气温度与第一空气温度之间的第二差值来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为仅基于第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较、以及第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于工作流体温度与第二空气温度之间的第三差值来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，处理器被编程为基于第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较、第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较、以及第三差值与第三预定值的第三比较来确定工作流体充注状态。
在一些实施方式中，该方法包括通过通知装置产生指示出热泵系统的故障状态与工作流体充注状态有关的第一警报；以及通过通知装置产生指示出热泵系统的故障状态与热泵系统内工作流体的量无关的第二警报。
在另一形式中，本公开提供了工作流体回路，该工作流体回路具有：与回气温度传感器和供气温度传感器通信的处理器、使工作流体在室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机、以及位于室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置。处理器可以被编程为基于来自回气温度传感器的在室内热交换器上游的空气的第一空气温度和来自供气温度传感器的在室内热交换器下游的空气的第二空气温度来确定工作流体回路的工作流体充注状态。
根据本文提供的描述，其他适用领域将变得明显。本概要中的描述和特定示例仅旨在出于说明的目的，而并非旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
本文所描述的附图仅为了说明所选择的实施方式，而并非所有可能的实施方式，而且并非旨在限制本公开的范围。
图1是根据本公开的原理的热泵系统的示意图；
图2是相关于所述热泵系统的与远程处理装置通信的多个传感器的示意图；以及
图3是示出根据本公开的原理确定充注水平的方法的流程图。
贯穿附图的若干视图，相应的附图标记指示相应的部件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图对示例实施方式进行更全面地描述。
提供了示例实施方式以使得本公开是彻底的并将向本领域技术人员全面地传达本公开的范围。阐述了许多诸如特定部件、装置以及方法的示例的许多的具体细节，以提供对本公开的实施方式的全面理解。对本领域技术人员而言将明显的是不必采用特定细节，示例性实施方式可以以许多不同的形式实施，并且任何一者都不应被解释为限制本公开的范围。在一些示例实施方式中，对众所周知的过程、众所周知的装置结构、以及众所周知的技术没有进行详细描述。
本文所使用的专业术语仅出于描述特定示例实施方式的目的，并不意在是限制性的。如本文所使用的，除非上下文另外清楚地指明，否则单数形式“一”，“一个”和“该”可以意在也包括复数形式。术语“包括”、“包含”、“包括有”以及“具有”是开放性的，并因此指定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但并不排除存在或添加一个或更多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或它们的组。除非特别表明按执行顺序执行，否则文中所述的方法步骤、流程和操作不应被解释为必须要求它们按讨论的或示出的特定顺序来执行。还应当理解的是可以采用附加的步骤或替代性步骤。
当元件或层被称为“在另一元件或层上”、“接合至”、“连接至”，或“联接至”另一元件或层时，该元件或层可直接在另一元件或层之上、接合、连接或联接至另一元件或层，或者可以存在居间元件或层。相反，当元件被称为“直接在另一元件或层上”、“直接接合至”、“直接连接至”或“直接联接至”另一元件或层时，可以不存在居间元件或层。用于描述元件之间关系的其他词语应该以相同的方式理解(例如，“在…之间”与“直接在…之间”、“相邻于”与“直接相邻于”等)。如本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括关联列举的项中的一个或更多个项的任意及所有组合。
尽管可以在本文中使用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各个元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段，但这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段不应该受这些术语的限制。这些术语可仅用于将一个元件、部件、区域、层或部段与另一区域、层或部段区分开。诸如“第一”、“第二”和其他数值的术语在本文中使用时不意味着次序或顺序，除非上下文明确指示。因此，在不脱离示例实施方式的教示的情况下，下文讨论的第一元件、部件、区域、层或部段可以称为第二元件、部件、区域、层或部段。
出于易于说明的目的，本文中可以使用诸如“内”、“外”、“在…下面”、“在…下方”、“下”、“在…上方”、“上”等空间相关术语以描述图中所示的一个元件或特征与另一元件或特征的关系。空间相关术语可以意在涵盖装置在使用或操作中的除图中所描绘的取向之外的不同取向。例如，如果图中的装置被翻转，则被描述为“在其他元件或特征的下方”或“在其他元件或特征的下面”的元件将被定向成“在其他元件或特征的上方”。因而，示例术语“在…下方”可涵盖“在…上方”和“在…下方”这两个取向。该装置可以以其他方式定向(旋转90度或处于其他取向)，并且文中使用的空间相关描述词被相应地解释。
参照图1，提供了热泵系统10，该热泵系统10可以包括压缩机12、换向阀14、室内热交换器16、膨胀装置18以及室外热交换器20。压缩机12可以是例如涡旋式压缩机、往复式压缩机或旋叶式压缩机，或者可以是任意其他类型的压缩机。换向阀14可以是能够操作成控制工作流体流过热泵系统10的方向的四通阀。控制器(未示出)可以使换向阀14在对应于冷却模式的第一位置(未示出)与对应于加热模式的第二位置(在图1中示出)之间切换。
在冷却模式中，例如，室外热交换器20可以操作为冷凝器或气体冷却器并且可以通过将热从工作流体传递至环境空气来冷却从压缩机12接收的排出压力工作流体。在加热模式中，室外热交换器20可以操作为蒸发器。
在冷却模式下，室内热交换器16可操作为蒸发器并且可以将热从待被冷却的空间(例如房屋或建筑物内的房间)传递至室内热交换器16内的工作流体。在加热模式下，室内热交换器16可以操作为冷凝器或气体冷却器并且可以将热从由压缩机12排出的工作流体传递至待被加热的空间。在热泵系统10的操作期间，风扇22可以经由回气管24从待被加热或冷却的空间抽吸空气，并迫使该空气穿过室内热交换器16以在室内热交换器16内的工作流体与空气之间传递热。经加热或经冷却的空气可通过供气管道26从室内热交换器16被迫至待被加热或被冷却的空间。
热泵系统10也可以包括回气温度传感器30、供气温度传感器32、液体管线温度传感器34、以及外部空气温度传感器38。回气温度传感器30可以布置在回气管24内并且可以测量流动通过回气管24的空气的温度。供气温度传感器32可以布置在供气管26内并可测量流经供气管26的空气的温度。液体管线温度传感器34可以布置在室内热交换器16与膨胀装置18之间并可测量在室内热交换器16与膨胀装置18之间流动的工作流体的温度。外部空气温度传感器38可以布置在任意适当的位置用以测量房屋或建筑物外部的环境空气的温度。
如图2所示，传感器30、32、34、38可以与远程定位或定位在现场的处理装置40通信。在一些实施方式中，传感器30、32、34、38中的任意传感器或所有传感器可以安装在上述位置中。在一些实施方式中，传感器30、32、34、38中的任意传感器或所有传感器可以是可以由技术人员暂时放置在上述位置中、在这些位置中获得温度测量值并将数据传输至处理装置40的手持传感器。传感器30、32、34、38中的任意传感器或所有传感器可以结合至新安装的热泵系统中，或传感器30、32、34、38中的任意传感器或所有传感器可以针对已经安装在房屋或建筑物内的预先存在的热泵系统而被改造。在一些配置中，外部空气温度传感器38可以是天气监测和/或天气预报系统或实体中的温度计或其他传感器。在这种配置中，处理器40可以经由例如因特网、(蓝牙)或蜂窝连接从由天气监测和/或天气预报系统或实体中的传感器38测量的外部空气温度。
处理装置40可以包括具有能够执行下述功能的硬件(例如，处理器和/或存储器)和软件的云计算模块。处理装置40可以与服务器通信，服务器例如可以通过网络连接或蜂窝网络接收来自传感器30、32、34、38的数据。处理装置40可以按需、间歇地或实时地从传感器30、32、34、38接收数据。在一些实施方式中，处理装置40可以位于承包商或技术人员的便携式计算装置(例如，笔记本电脑、平板电脑、智能手机或其他装置)上，或者位于安装有热泵系统10的房屋或建筑物内(例如在用于热泵系统10的恒温器(未示出)或控制模块(未示出)中)。
处理装置40可以同样与布置成远离处理装置40和/或传感器30、32、34、38的一个或更多个通知装置42通信。通知装置42可以包括例如台式计算机、笔记本电脑、手提式计算机装置、平板电脑或智能手机中的任意者，或者可以包括任意其他计算装置或电子信息显示装置。在一些实施方式中，所述一个或更多个通知装置42可以是壁安装式恒温器单元的一部分。
如接下来将描述的，处理装置40可以：基于从一个或更多个传感器30、32、34、38接收的数据来诊断热泵系统10的故障状态(例如未充注状态、过充状态和/或限流状态)，证实热泵系统10的充注水平，和/或在热泵系统10的初始安装期间为技术人员提供指导以便将适量的工作流体添加至热泵系统10内。从处理装置40输出的通知、警报、更新和/或其他的信息可以被传输至一个或更多个通知装置42并可被访问或在其上显示。在一些实施方式中，从处理装置40输出的通知、警报、更新和/或其他信息可以经由电子邮件、文本信息、即时信息、多媒体信息传输至通知装置42。在一些实施方式中，通知装置42可以包括基于来自处理装置40的输出来提供通知、警告、更新、和/或其他信息的移动应用(例如，智能手机或平板电脑应用)。
参照图1至图3，将详细描述当热泵系统10处于加热模式下时诊断故障状态的方法。该方法可以包括确定热泵系统10的低效率的和/或无效的操作原因是否为充注不足状态(即，热泵系统10内的工作流体不足)、过充状态(即，热泵系统10内工作流体过多)、或热泵系统10内的流动限制(即，液体管线内的工作流体流限制或在室外热交换器20或室内热交换器16处的空气流限制)。
在步骤110处，回气温度传感器30、供气温度传感器32以及液体管线温度传感器34可以在它们各自位置处检测温度并将此数据传输至处理装置40。如上所述，检测和传输此数据可以是按需地、间歇地、平均每隔一定时间段、或实时地执行。在步骤120处，处理装置40可以确定回气温度减液体管线温度所得的值。当热泵系统10在加热模式下操作时，液体管线温度可以为由液体管线温度传感器34所检测的温度。
在步骤130处，处理装置40可以确定在步骤120处计算的值(供气温度减液体管线温度)是高于还是低于第一预定值。第一预定值可以对应于特定热泵系统和/或可以基于由外部空气温度传感器38所确定的当前外部空气温度。
如果处理装置40确定(在步骤130处)在步骤120处所确定的值低于第一预定值，则处理装置40可以在步骤140处计算液体管线温度与回气温度的差值。在步骤150处，处理装置40可以确定在步骤140所计算的值(液体管线温度减回气温度)是高于还是低于第二预定值。第二预定值可以对应于特定热泵系统和/或可以基于由外部空气温度传感器38确定的当前外部空气温度。如果在步骤150处处理装置40确定在步骤140处所计算的值低于第二预定值，则处理装置40可以在步骤160处给通知装置42发送指示出热泵系统10充注不足并且工作流体应当加入热泵系统10的通知。如果在步骤150处处理装置40确定在步骤140处所计算的值高于第二预定值，则处理装置40可以在步骤170处确定：系统充注是充分的和/或任何系统故障都与系统充注无关。
如果在步骤130处处理装置40确定在步骤120处所确定的值高于第一预定值，则处理装置40可以在步骤180处计算供气温度与回气温度的差值。在步骤190，处理装置40可以确定在步骤180处计算的值(供气温度减回气温度)是高于还是低于第三预定值。第三预定值可以对应于特定的热泵系统和/或可以基于由外部空气温度传感器38确定的当前外部空气温度。如果在步骤190处处理装置40确定在步骤180处所计算的值低于第三预定值，则处理装置40可以在步骤200处给通知装置42发送指示出在热泵系统10内存在工作流体流限制的通知。如果在步骤190处处理装置40确定在步骤180处所计算的值高于第三预定值，则处理装置40可以在步骤210处给通知装置42发送指示出热泵系统10被过充注并且应该减少热泵系统10中的工作流体的量的通知。
除了诊断热泵系统10的故障之外，处理装置40例如可以按需或以预定的时间间隔执行上述方法步骤以证实热泵系统10的充注。如果处理装置40确定热泵系统10被过充注、充注不足和/或存在一些其他故障状态，处理装置40可以给通知装置42发送适当的通知，如上所述。
技术人员也可以使用处理装置40和通知装置42来在热泵系统10初始安装到房屋或建筑物内期间执行热泵系统10的初始充注。即，实时供气温度测量、回气温度测量、液体管线温度测量和外部空气温度测量可以由处理装置40来处理，并且可以经由通知装置42为技术人员提供来自处理装置40的实时反馈，该实时反馈指示出热泵系统10何时已经达到最佳充注水平(即，技术人员何时应该停止对热泵系统10添加工作流体)。
例如，处理装置40可以监测(实时)液体管线温度与回气温度的差值。该值可以随着技术人员在初始系统充注期间添加工作流体而继续增大，直至达到最佳充注水平为止。一旦达到最佳充注水平，对热泵系统10添加更多工作流体会使液体管线温度与回气温度的差值减小。因此，处理装置40和通知装置42可以在液体管线温度与回气温度的差值开始减小时就通知技术人员。当技术人员收到此通知时，他或她可以停止对热泵系统10添加工作流体。
上述第一预定值、第二预定值和第三预定值可以被选择为对应于特定的热泵系统，并且可以通过例如实验或从查找表来确定。
在本申请中，包括下面的描述，术语模块可以由术语电路替换。术语模块可以指的是下述项目、为下述项目的一部分或者包括下述项目：专用集成电路(ASIC)；数字的、模拟的、或混合的模拟/数字分立电路；数字的、模拟的、或混合的模拟/数字集成电路；组合逻辑电路；现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)；执行代码的处理器(共享的、专用的或组)；存储由处理器执行的代码的存储器(共享的、专用的或组)；提供所描述的功能的其他适当硬件部件；或以上中的一些或全部的组合，比如在系统级芯片中。
前述说明实质上仅是说明性的并且绝不意在限制本公开、其应用或用途。本公开的广泛教示可以以各种形式实施。因此，虽然本公开包括特定示例，但本公开的真实范围不限于此，因为在研读了附图、说明书和所附权利要求后，其他修改将变得明显。如本文所使用的，短语“A、B和C中的至少一者”应该被解释为使用非排他逻辑或的逻辑(A或B或C)。应当理解的是，方法中的一个或更多个步骤可以在不改变本公开的原理的情况下以不同的顺序(或同时)来执行。
出于说明和描述的目的，已经提供了实施方式的前述描述。这不意在穷举或限制本公开。特定实施方式的单独元件或特征通常不限于该特定实施方式，而是在适用的情况下，即使不被具体示出或描述，也能够互换并且能够在所选择的实施方式中使用。特定实施方式的单独元件或特征也可以以多种方式变化。这些变化不应被视为偏离本公开，并且所有这种修改均意在包括在本公开的范围内。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于热泵回路的监测器，所述热泵回路具有室内热交换器、室外热交换器、使工作流体在所述室内热交换器与所述室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机、以及位于所述室内热交换器与所述室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置，所述监测器包括：
回气温度传感器，所述回气温度传感器适于测量所述室内热交换器上游的空气的第一空气温度；
供气温度传感器，所述供气温度传感器适于测量所述室内热交换器下游的空气的第二空气温度；以及
处理器，所述处理器与所述回气温度传感器和所述供气温度传感器通信，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第一空气温度和所述第二空气温度来确定热泵系统的工作流体充注状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第二空气温度与所述第一空气温度的差值以及所述差值与预定值的比较来确定所述工作流体充注状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的监测器，还包括工作流体温度传感器，所述工作流体温度传感器布置于所述膨胀装置与所述室内热交换器之间，并适于在所述热泵系统以加热模式操作时测量在所述室内热交换器与所述膨胀装置之间流动的工作流体的工作流体温度，其中，所述处理器与所述工作流体温度传感器通信并被编程为基于所述工作流体温度确定所述热泵系统的所述工作流体充注状态。
4.根据权利要求3所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第二空气温度与所述工作流体温度之间的第一差值确定所述工作流体充注状态。
5.根据权利要求4所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第二空气温度与所述第一空气温度之间的第二差值确定所述工作流体充注状态。
6.根据权利要求5所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器被编程为仅基于所述第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较以及所述第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较确定所述工作流体充注状态。
7.根据权利要求5所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述工作流体温度与所述第二空气温度之间的第三差值确定所述工作流体充注状态。
8.根据权利要求7所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较、所述第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较、以及所述第三差值与第三预定值的第三比较确定所述工作流体充注状态。
9.根据权利要求8所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器与通知装置通信，所述通知装置被配置成产生指示出所述热泵系统的故障状态与所述工作流体充注状态有关的第一警报、以及指示出所述热泵系统的所述故障状态与所述热泵系统内的工作流体的量无关的第二警报。
10.根据权利要求9所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器为基于云的处理器，并且所述通知装置包括移动、无线计算装置。
11.根据权利要求1所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器与通知装置通信，所述通知装置配置成产生指示所述工作流体充注状态的警报。
12.根据权利要求1所述的监测器，其中，所述处理器为基于云的处理器，所述处理器布置成远离所述压缩机、所述回气温度传感器以及所述供气温度传感器。
13.一种用于监测热泵系统的方法，所述热泵系统具有室内热交换器、室外热交换器、适于使工作流体在所述室内热交换器与所述室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机、以及布置于所述室内热交换器与所述室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置，所述方法包括：
从回气温度传感器接收所述室内热交换器上游的空气的第一空气温度值；
从供气温度传感器接收所述室内热交换器下游的空气的第二空气温度；以及
通过使用处理器来确定所述热泵系统的工作流体充注状态，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第一空气温度和所述第二空气温度确定所述工作流体充注状态。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述工作流体充注状态基于下述温度而确定：所述第一空气温度、所述第二空气温度以及在所述热泵系统以加热模式操作时由布置于所述室内热交换器下游的工作流体温度传感器测量的工作流体温度。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述第一空气温度值和所述第二空气温度值在所述热泵系统以加热模式操作时而获得。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第二空气温度与所述第一空气温度之间的差值以及所述差值与预定值的比较确定所述工作流体充注状态。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括当所述热泵系统以加热模式操作时接收在所述室内热交换器与所述膨胀装置之间流动的工作流体的工作流体温度，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述工作流体温度确定所述热泵系统的所述工作流体充注状态。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第二空气温度与所述工作流体温度之间的第一差值确定所述工作流体充注状态。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第二空气温度与所述第一空气温度之间的第二差值确定所述工作流体充注状态。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述处理器被编程为仅基于所述第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较以及所述第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较确定所述工作流体充注状态。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述工作流体温度与所述第二空气温度之间的第三差值确定所述工作流体充注状态。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中，所述处理器被编程为基于所述第一差值与第一预定值的第一比较、所述第二差值与第二预定值的第二比较、以及所述第三差值与第三预定值的第三比较确定所述工作流体充注状态。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：通过通知装置产生指示出所述热泵系统的故障状态与所述工作流体充注状态有关的第一警报；以及通过所述通知装置产生指示出所述热泵系统的所述故障状态与所述热泵系统内工作流体的量无关的第二警报。
24.一种工作流体回路，所述工作流体回路具有与回气温度传感器和供气温度传感器通信的处理器、使工作流体在室内热交换器与室外热交换器之间循环的压缩机、以及位于所述室内热交换器与所述室外热交换器之间的膨胀装置，所述处理器被编程为基于来自所述回气温度传感器的在所述室内热交换器上游的空气的第一空气温度和来自所述供气温度传感器的在所述室内热交换器下游的空气的第二空气温度确定所述工作流体回路的工作流体充注状态。
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