JP6922134B2 - 光変調デバイス - Google Patents
光変調デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6922134B2 JP6922134B2 JP2019557742A JP2019557742A JP6922134B2 JP 6922134 B2 JP6922134 B2 JP 6922134B2 JP 2019557742 A JP2019557742 A JP 2019557742A JP 2019557742 A JP2019557742 A JP 2019557742A JP 6922134 B2 JP6922134 B2 JP 6922134B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymer film
- less
- liquid crystal
- modulation device
- optical modulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
- G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
- B32B7/035—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features using arrangements of stretched films, e.g. of mono-axially stretched films arranged alternately
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0102—Constructional details, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0126—Opto-optical modulation, i.e. control of one light beam by another light beam, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133631—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with a spatial distribution of the retardation value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13731—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition
- G02F1/13737—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition in liquid crystals doped with a pleochroic dye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2305/55—Liquid crystals
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- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
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- G02C2202/16—Laminated or compound lenses
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1326—Liquid crystal optical waveguides or liquid crystal cells specially adapted for gating or modulating between optical waveguides
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133365—Cells in which the active layer comprises a liquid crystalline polymer
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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Description
Rin=d×(nx−ny)
Rth=d×(nz−ny)
一つの例示において、前記液晶分子はネマティック(nematic)液晶またはスメクチック(smectic)液晶であり得る。ネマティック液晶は棒状の液晶分子が位置に対する規則性はないが液晶分子の長軸方向に平行に配列されている液晶を意味し得、スメクチック液晶は棒状の液晶分子が規則的に並んで層をなした構造を形成し、長軸方向に規則性を有して平行に配列されている液晶を意味し得る。本出願の一実施例によると、前記液晶分子としてはネマティック液晶を使用することができる。
前記光変調素子は紫外線吸収層をさらに含むことができる。一つの例示において、前記光変調素子は前記第1および第2高分子フィルム基板の外側にそれぞれ存在する第1および第2紫外線吸収層をさらに含むことができる。前記紫外線吸収層としては、本出願の目的を考慮して公知の紫外線吸収層を適切に選択して使用することができる。
高分子フィルム基板の面内位相差値Rinは、Agilent社のUV/VIS spectroscope 8453装備を利用して下記の方法により550nm波長の光に対して測定した。UV/VIS spectroscopeに2枚の偏光子を透過軸が互いに直交するように設置し、前記2枚の偏光子間に高分子フィルムの遅相軸が2枚の偏光子の透過軸とそれぞれ45度をなすように設置した後、波長による透過度を測定した。波長による透過度グラフから各ピーク(peak)の位相遅延次数(Phase retardation order)を求める。具体的には、波長による透過度グラフで波形は下記の数式Aを満足し、サイン(Sine)波形で最大ピーク(Tmax)条件は下記の数式Bを満足する。数式Aでλmaxの場合、数式AのTと数式BのTは同じであるため数式を展開する。n+1、n+2およびn+3に対しても数式を展開し、nとn+1の数式を整理してRを消去してnをλnおよびλn+1の数式で整理すると、下記の数式Cが導き出される。数式AのTと数式BのTが同じであることに基づいてnとλが分かるので、各λn、λn+1、λn+2およびλn+3についてRを求める。4ポイントについて波長によるR値の直線の趨勢線を求めて数式550nmに対するR値を算定する。直線趨勢線の関数はY=ax+bであり、aおよびbは定数である。前記関数のxに550nmを代入した時のY値が550nm波長の光に対するRin値である。
T=sin2[(2πR/λ)]
T=sin2[((2n+1)π/2)]
n=(λn −3λn+1)/(2λn+1 +1−2λn)
高分子フィルム基板の弾性率(Young's modulus)、伸び率(Elongation)および最大応力(Max. stress)はUTM(Universal Testing Machine)装備(Instron 3342)を利用して、常温(25℃)で10mm/minの引張速度で力を加えて規格に沿って引張強度(tensile strength)試験を進めて測定した。この場合、各試片は幅が約10mm、長さが約30mmとなるように裁断して製造したし、前記長さ方向の両終端の各10mmずつをテーピングして装備に固定した後に評価を進めた。
前記SRF基板を2個使用して光変調デバイスを製造した。前記SRF基板(横:15cm、縦:5cm)のITO(Indium Tin Oxide)電極層上に配向膜を形成して第1基板を製造した。配向膜としては300nm厚さのポリイミド系水平配向膜(SE−7492、Nissan)をラビング布でラビング処理したものを使用した。第1基板と同様に第2基板を製造した。前記第1および第2基板を相互の配向膜が向き合うように対向配置し、その間に屈折率異方性(△n)が0.13である正の誘電率異方性を有する液晶化合物および二色性染料を含むGHLC混合物(MDA−16−1235、Merck)に公知のキラルドーパント(S811、Merck)を追加した混合物を位置させた後、縁を封じて光変調デバイスを製造した。前記で第1および第2基板のTD方向(遅相軸方向)は、それぞれ第1基板配向膜のラビング軸を基準として0度となり、前記第1および第2配向膜のラビング方向は互いに略垂直となるようにした。得られた光変調層はTNモードのゲストホスト液晶層であり、セルギャップは12μmであった。また、セルギャップ(d)とTNモードのピッチ(p)の比率(d/p)は約0.17であった。
基板としてPC基板を適用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして光変調デバイスを製造した。
前記実施例1および比較例1の光変調デバイスを使用して図3および図4に示した形態のアイウェア素子を製造し、前記素子をベンディングさせた状態で熱衝撃試験を進めた。熱衝撃試験は前記アイウェアを約−40℃から90℃まで約16.25℃/分の昇温速度で温度を上げた後10分維持し、再び約16.25℃/分の減温速度で90℃から−40℃の温度まで減温した後10分維持することを1サイクルとして、前記サイクルを500回繰り返す条件に置いた状態で進めた。また、この試験は曲率半径が約100R程度であるベンディング冶具に前記アイウェアを付着した状態で進めた。図3は実施例1の場合であり、図4は比較例1の場合であるが、図面のように比較例1の場合、ひどいクラックが観察された。
実施例1と同様にして光変調デバイスを製造するものの、第1および第2基板の第1方向(TD方向)が互いに90度となるようにして光変調デバイスを製造した。この時、第1基板上の配向膜のラビング方向を基準として第1基板の第1方向は0度、第2基板の第1方向は90度となるようにした。
実施例1と同様にして光変調デバイスを製造するものの、第1および第2基板の第1方向(TD方向)が互いに90度となるようにして光変調デバイスを製造した。この時、第1基板上の配向膜のラビング方向を基準として第1基板の第1方向は45度、第2基板の第1方向は135度となるようにした。
実施例1、比較例2および3のデバイスをそれぞれ60℃の温度および85%の相対湿度で保管しながらボイド発生を評価し、その結果を下記の表2に記載した。具体的には、前記条件で保管しながら光変調層で肉眼で視認されるボイドが発生するかを評価した。一般的に、肉眼で視認されるボイドの大きさは約10μm程度である。
実施例1で製造された光変調デバイスについて電気光学特性およびレインボー現象発生の有無を評価した。電気光学特性は光変調デバイスに対して電圧印加の有無にともなう透過率の変化を測定することによって評価した。具体的には、第1および第2基板の電極層(ITO層)にAC電源を連結して駆動させながら、印加された電圧にともなう透過率をヘイズメーター(NDH5000SP、セコス社製)を利用して測定した。前記透過率は380nm〜780nm波長の光に対する平均透過率である。
前記SRF基板を2個使用して光変調デバイスを製造した。前記SRF基板の電極層(ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)層)上に配向膜を形成して基板を製作し、同様にして2個の基板を製作した。前記配向膜としては300nm厚さのポリイミド系水平配向膜(SE−7492、Nissan)をラビング布でラビング処理したものを使用した。引き続き屈折率異方性(△n)が0.13であり、正の誘電率異方性を有する液晶ホストおよび二色性染料の混合物(MDA−16−1235、Merck)を含むGHLC組成物にキラルドーパント(S811、Merck)を0.519重量%で添加した液晶組成物を、実施例1の場合のように前記2個の基板の間に配置して光変調デバイスを製造した。この時、第1および第2基板の第1方向(TD方向、遅相軸方向)は、第1基板のラビング軸を基準として0度となり、第1基板と第2基板のそれぞれの配向膜の配向方向は互いに90度をなすようにした。前記光変調デバイスはねじれ角度が約270度であるSTNモードであり、セルギャップは約12μmであり、セルギャップ(d)とピッチ(p)の比率(d/p)は約0.75である。
実施例2で製造された光変調デバイスに対して電気光学特性およびレインボー現象発生の有無を評価した。電気光学特性は光変調デバイスに対して電圧印加の有無にともなう透過率の変化を測定することによって評価した。具体的には、第1および第2基板の電極層(ITO層)にAC電源を連結して駆動させながら印加された電圧にともなう透過率をヘイズメーター(NDH5000SP、セコス社製)を利用して測定した。前記透過率は380nm〜780nm波長の光に対する平均透過率である。
実施例2において、液晶として屈折率異方性(△n)が0.07である液晶(MAT−16−969、Merck)を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同じ方法で実施例3の光変調デバイスを製造した。
実施例2において、液晶の屈折率異方性(MAT−16−969、Merck使用)、染料の含量およびセルギャップを下記の表5のように変更したことを除いては実施例2と同じ方法で実施例4および5の光変調デバイスを製造した。
実施例2において、液晶の屈折率異方性(MAT−16−969、Merck使用)、染料の含量および配向膜の種類を下記の表7のように変更したことを除いては実施例2と同じ方法で実施例6〜8の光変調デバイスを製造した。実施例7および8の垂直配向膜としてはNissan社のSE−5661LB3を使用した。
Claims (12)
- 対向配置されている第1および第2高分子フィルム基板と前記高分子フィルム基板の間に存在し、液晶ホストおよび二色性染料ゲストを含む能動液晶層を有する能動液晶フィルム層を含み、
前記能動液晶層は、垂直配向状態とツイスト配向状態の間をスイッチングすることができ、
前記高分子フィルム基板は、それぞれ550nm波長の光に対する面内位相差が4,000nm以上であり、
前記第1高分子フィルム基板および前記第2高分子フィルム基板のそれぞれは延伸高分子フィルム基板であり、
前記第1高分子フィルム基板および前記第2高分子フィルム基板のそれぞれの第1方向はTD(transverse direction)方向であり、前記第1高分子フィルム基板および前記第2高分子フィルム基板のそれぞれの第2方向はMD(Machine Direction)方向であり、
前記第1高分子フィルム基板の第1方向と前記第2高分子フィルム基板の第1方向がなす角度が0度〜10度の範囲内となるように配置されており、
第1および第2高分子フィルム基板のそれぞれは、第1および第2方向の両方と40度〜50度の範囲内の角度をなす第3方向での伸び率(E3)が前記第1方向での伸び率(E1)に比べて大きく、前記第3方向での伸び率(E3)と前記第2方向での伸び率(E2)の比率(E3/E2)が5以上であり、
前記伸び率E1〜E3は、試験片を、幅10mm、長さ30mmとなるようにカットして製造し、前記試験片の長さ方向の両終端の各10mmずつをテーピングして測定装備に固定した後に、常温(25℃)で10mm/minの引張速度で力を加えることにより測定される、
光変調デバイス。 - ツイスト配向状態は水平ツイスト配向状態である、請求項1に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 第1および第2高分子フィルム基板は、それぞれ一面に電極層が形成された電極フィルム基板であり、各前記電極層が対向するように第1および第2高分子フィルム基板が配置されている、請求項1または2に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 第1および第2高分子フィルム基板は、ポリエステルフィルム基板である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 第1および第2高分子フィルム基板のそれぞれの第1方向での伸び率が20%以上であり、
前記伸び率は、試験片を、幅10mm、長さ30mmとなるようにカットして製造し、前記試験片の長さ方向の両終端の各10mmずつをテーピングして測定装備に固定した後に、常温(25℃)で10mm/minの引張速度で力を加えることにより測定される、
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。 - 前記第1高分子フィルム基板および前記第2高分子フィルム基板のそれぞれにおいて、第1方向における伸び率E1と前記第1方向と垂直をなす第2方向における伸び率E2との比率E1/E2が3以上であり、
前記伸び率E1及び前記伸び率E2は、試験片を、幅10mm、長さ30mmとなるようにカットして製造し、前記試験片の長さ方向の両終端の各10mmずつをテーピングして測定装備に固定した後に、常温(25℃)で10mm/minの引張速度で力を加えることにより測定される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。 - 第1および第2高分子フィルム基板は、それぞれ第2方向での弾性率(YM2)と第1方向での弾性率(YM1)の比率(YM1/YM2)が1.5以上であり、
前記弾性率YM1及び前記弾性率YM2は、試験片を、幅10mm、長さ30mmとなるようにカットして製造し、前記試験片の長さ方向の両終端の各10mmずつをテーピングして測定装備に固定した後に、常温(25℃)で10mm/minの引張速度で力を加えることにより測定される、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。 - 第1方向での弾性率(YM1)が2〜10GPaの範囲内である、請求項7に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 第1および第2高分子フィルム基板は、それぞれ第2方向での最大応力(MS2)と第1方向での最大応力(MS1)の比率(MS1/MS2)が1.5以上であり、
前記最大応力MS1及び前記最大応力MS2は、試験片を、幅10mm、長さ30mmとなるようにカットして製造し、前記試験片の長さ方向の両終端の各10mmずつをテーピングして測定装備に固定した後に、常温(25℃)で10mm/minの引張速度で力を加えることにより測定される、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。 - 第1方向での最大応力(MS1)が150〜250MPaの範囲内である、請求項9に記載の光変調デバイス。
- ツイスト配向状態のねじれ角度が0度超過、360度以下である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイス。
- 左目用レンズと右目用レンズ;および前記左目用レンズと右目用レンズを支持するフレームを含むアイウェアであって、
前記左目用レンズおよび右目用レンズはそれぞれ請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の光変調デバイスを含む、アイウェア。
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