KR20220054386A - 진공 브래그 격자 및 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
진공 브래그 격자 및 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12023—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by means for reducing the polarisation dependence, e.g. reduced birefringence
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- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29302—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means based on birefringence or polarisation, e.g. wavelength dependent birefringence, polarisation interferometers
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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Abstract
Description
도 1a는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 투명 기판 상에 증착된 단량체와 액정의 혼합물이 홀로그래픽 노출 빔들에 노출되는 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 1b는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 투명 기판 상에 형성된 HPDLC 브래그 격자로부터 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 1c는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 HPDLC 브래그 격자로부터 액정이 제거되어 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자를 형성하는 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 1d는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 표면 릴리프 격자를 보호층으로 덮기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 투명 기판 상에 형성된 HPDLC 브래그 격자로부터 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자를 형성하기 위한 방법을 개념적으로 도시하는 흐름도이다.
도 3은 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자 또는 진공 브래그 격자의 예시적인 구현이다.
도 4a는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 투명 기판 상에 증착된 단량체와 액정의 혼합물이 홀로그래픽 노출 빔들에 노출되는 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 4b는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 투명 기판 상에 형성된 HPDLC 브래그 격자로부터 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 4c는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 HPDLC 브래그 격자로부터 액정이 제거되어 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자를 형성하는 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 4d는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 표면 릴리프 격자가 액정으로 부분적으로 재충전되어 하이브리드 표면 릴리프 브래그 격자를 형성하는 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 4e는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 하이브리드 표면 릴리프 브래그 격자가 보호층으로 덮이는 표면 릴리프 격자를 제조하기 위한 방법의 단계를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 하이브리드 표면 릴리프 브래그 격자를 형성하기 위한 방법을 개념적으로 도시하는 흐름도이다.
도 6은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 1 마이크로미터 두께의 깊은 표면 릴리프 격자에 대한 입사각에 대한 계산된 P-편광 및 S-편광 회절 효율을 도시하는 그래프이다.
도 7은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 2 마이크로미터 두께의 깊은 표면 릴리프 격자에 대한 입사각에 대한 계산된 P-편광 및 S-편광 회절 효율을 도시하는 그래프이다.
도 8은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 3 마이크로미터 두께의 깊은 표면 릴리프 격자에 대한 입사각에 대한 계산된 P-편광 및 S-편광 회절 효율을 도시하는 그래프이다.
도 9a 및 도 9b는 상이한 티올 농도들을 포함하는 다수의 실시예들의 주사 전자 현미경 이미지들을 예시한다.
도 10a 및 도 10b는 HPDLC 브래그 격자와 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자 또는 진공 브래그 격자를 비교한 이미지들이다.
도 11a 및 도 11b는 HPDLC 브래그 격자와 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자 또는 진공 브래그 격자를 비교한 두 개의 플롯들이다.
도 12a 및 도 12b는 상이한 깊이들을 갖는 두 개의 예시적인 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자들의 S-회절 효율 및 P-회절 효율의 두 개의 플롯들이다.
도 13a 및 도 13b는 상이한 초기 액정 농도들로 생성된 다양한 예시적인 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자들의 S-회절 효율 및 P-회절 효율의 두 개의 상이한 플롯들이다.
도 14a 및 도 14b는 상이한 초기 액정 농도들로 생성된 다양한 예시적인 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자들의 S-회절 효율 및 P-회절 효율의 두 개의 상이한 플롯들이다.
도 15는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 도파관 디스플레이를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 16은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 두 개의 공기 이격된 도파관 층들을 갖는 도파관 디스플레이를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 17은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 도파관 디스플레이에 대한 통상적인 광선 경로들을 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 18은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 도파관이 만곡된 광학 표면을 지지하는 도파관 디스플레이를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 19는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 도파관이 상부 및 하부 만곡된 광학 표면들을 지지하는 도파관 디스플레이를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 20은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 도파관이 만곡된 광학 표면을 지지하고 입력 이미지가 만곡된 광학 표면에 의해 도입된 수차를 보상하기 위해 사전 왜곡된 픽셀 어레이를 사용하여 제공되는 도파관 디스플레이를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 21은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 도파관이 만곡된 광학 표면을 지지하고 입력 이미지가 만곡된 광학 표면에 의해 도입된 수차를 보상하기 위해 만곡된 기판에 의해 지지되고 사전 왜곡된 픽셀 어레이를 사용하여 제공되는 도파관 디스플레이를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 22는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 S-회절 및 P-회절 격자들을 포함하는 도파관을 사용하여 관찰을 위한 이미지 광을 투사하기 위한 방법을 개념적으로 도시하는 흐름도이다.
도 23은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 광학 규정 표면을 지지하고 S-회절 및 P-회절 격자들을 포함하는 도파관을 사용하여 관찰을 위한 이미지 광을 투사하기 위한 방법을 개념적으로 도시하는 흐름도이다.
도 24a는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 상이한 크기 및 종횡비의 직사각형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24b는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 펜로스 타일들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24c는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 육각형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24d는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 정사각형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24e는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 다이아몬드형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24f는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 이등변 삼각형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24g는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 수평 편향된 종횡비들을 갖는 육각형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24h는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 수평 편향된 종횡비들을 갖는 직사각형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24i는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 수평 편향된 종횡비들을 갖는 다이아몬드형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 24j는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 방사 디스플레이 패널에 사용하기 위한 수평 편향된 종횡비의 삼각형들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
도 25는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 상이한 픽셀들이 상이한 방사 특성들을 가질 수 있는 다이아몬드형 요소들을 갖는 픽셀 패턴의 일부를 개념적으로 도시한다.
혼합물 중 초기 LC 함량 | 최대 S-회절 효율 |
최대 P-회절 효율 |
S-회절 탁도 | P-회절 탁도 |
20% | 10% | 5% | 0.10% | 0.12% |
30% | ≥40% | 18% | 0.14% | 0.13% |
40% | ≥55% | 23% | 0.12% | 0.11% |
Claims (86)
- 도파관 디바이스로서,
상기 도파관에서 내부 전반사로 전파되는 광을 회절시키기 위한 중합체 격자 구조체를 지지하는 도파관을 포함하며,
상기 중합체 격자 구조체는:
중합체 네트워크; 및
상기 중합체 네트워크의 인접한 부분들 사이의 에어 갭들을 포함하는 것인, 도파관 디바이스. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 격자 구조체는 상기 중합체 네트워크의 인접한 부분들 사이의 등방성 재료를 더 포함하되, 상기 등방성 재료는 상기 중합체 네트워크보다 높거나 낮은 굴절률을 갖는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 등방성 재료는 상기 중합체 네트워크의 인접한 부분들 사이의 공간의 바닥 부분의 상기 공간을 점유하고, 상기 공기는 상기 등방성 재료의 상부 표면 위로부터 변조 깊이까지의 상기 공간을 점유하는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 등방성 재료는 복굴절 결정 재료를 포함하는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 복굴절 결정 재료는 액정 재료를 포함하는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 격자 구조체는 가시광의 파장보다 큰 변조 깊이를 갖는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 격자 구조체는 변조 깊이 및 격자 피치를 포함하고, 상기 변조 깊이는 상기 격자 피치보다 큰 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 도파관은 두 개의 기판들을 포함하고, 상기 중합체 격자 구조체는 상기 두 개의 기판들 사이에 개재되거나 어느 하나의 기판의 외부 표면 상에 위치되는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 네트워크의 브래그 프린지 간격은 0.35 ㎛ 내지 0.8 ㎛이고,상기 중합체 네트워크의 상기 격자 깊이는 1 ㎛ 내지 3 ㎛인 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 네트워크의 격자 깊이 대 상기 브래그 프린지 간격의 비는 1:1 내지 5:1인 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 화상 생성 유닛을 더 포함하고, 상기 중합체 격자 구조체는 도파관 회절 격자를 포함하는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 도파관 회절 격자는 멀티플렉싱 격자로서 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 도파관 회절 격자는 다수의 이미지들을 포함하는 상기 화상 생성 유닛으로부터의 광을 수용하도록 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 도파관 회절 격자는 상기 도파관으로부터 광을 아웃커플링하도록 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 도파관 회절 격자는 빔 익스팬더로서 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 도파관 회절 격자는 상기 화상 생성 유닛으로부터 생성된 이미지 데이터를 포함하는 광을 인커플링하도록 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 도파관 회절 격자는 또한, 고도의 효율로 S-편광된 광을 인커플링하도록 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 17항에 있어서, 상기 회절 격자는 또한, 브래그 각도에서 70% 내지 95%의 효율로 S-편광된 광을 인커플링하도록 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 회절 격자는 또한, 브래그 각도에서 25% 내지 50%의 효율로 P-편광된 광을 인커플링하도록 구성된 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 네트워크와 상기 에어 갭들 사이의 굴절률 차이는 0.25 내지 0.4인 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 네트워크와 상기 복굴절 결정 재료 사이의 굴절률 차이는 0.05 내지 0.2인 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 격자 구조체는 2차원 격자 구조체 또는 3차원 격자 구조체를 포함하는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 또 다른 격자 구조체를 더 포함하는, 도파관 디바이스.
- 제23항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 격자 구조체는 인커플링 격자를 포함하고, 상기 다른 격자 구조체는 빔 익스팬더 또는 아웃커플링 격자를 포함하는 것인, 도파관 디바이스.
- 도파관 디바이스로서,
상기 도파관에서 내부 전반사로 전파되는 광을 회절시키기 위한 중합체 격자 구조체를 지지하는 도파관을 포함하며,
상기 중합체 격자 구조체는:
중합체 네트워크; 및
상기 중합체 네트워크의 인접한 부분들 사이의 복굴절 결정 재료를 포함하되, 상기 복굴절 결정 재료는 상기 중합체보다 높은 굴절률을 갖는 것인, 도파관 디바이스. - 깊은 표면 릴리프 격자(surface relief grating, SRG)를 제조하기 위한 방법으로서,
단량체와 액정의 혼합물을 제공하는 단계;
기판을 제공하는 단계;
상기 기판의 표면 상에 상기 혼합물의 층을 코팅하는 단계;
상기 층에 홀로그래픽 기록 빔들을 적용하여 교번하는 중합체 풍부 영역들 및 액정 풍부 영역들을 포함하는 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 형성하는 단계; 및
상기 액정 풍부 영역들 내의 상기 액정의 적어도 일부를 제거하여 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자를 형성하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법. - 제26항에 있어서, 상기 단량체는 아크릴레이트, 메타크릴레이트, 비닐, 이소시네이트, 티올, 이소시아네이트-아크릴레이트, 및/또는 티오린을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 혼합물은 광개시제, 공개시제, 또는 추가적인 첨가제들 중 적어도 하나를 더 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제27항에 있어서, 상기 티올은 티올-비닐-아크릴레이트를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제28항에 있어서, 상기 광개시제는 감광성 성분을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제30항에 있어서, 상기 감광성 성분은 염료 및/또는 라디칼 발생제를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 단량체와 액정의 혼합물을 제공하는 단계는:
단량체, 액정, 및 광개시제, 공개시제, 다작용성 티올, 또는 추가적인 첨가제들 중 적어도 하나를 혼합하는 단계;
상기 혼합물을 22°C 이하의 온도의 광이 없는 위치에 저장하는 단계;
추가적인 단량체를 첨가하는 단계;
0.6 ㎛ 이하의 필터를 통해 상기 혼합물을 여과하는 단계; 및
상기 여과된 혼합물을 광이 없는 위치에 저장하는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 방법. - 제26항에 있어서, 상기 기판은 유리 기판 또는 플라스틱 기판을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 기판은 투명 기판을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 내부 치수들을 유지하기 위한 하나 이상의 스페이서로 상기 기판과 또 다른 기판 사이에 상기 혼합물을 개재시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제35항에 있어서, 상기 다른 기판의 하나의 표면 상에 비점착성 이형층을 적용하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제36항에 있어서, 상기 비점착성 이형층은 불소중합체를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 액정 풍부 영역들을 액정 재료로 재충전하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 상기 액정 재료는 이전에 제거된 액정과 상이한 분자 구조체를 갖는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 액정의 적어도 일부를 제거하는 단계는 상기 액정 풍부 영역들에서 실질적으로 모든 상기 액정을 제거하는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 액정의 적어도 일부를 제거하는 단계는 상기 중합체 풍부 영역들에 상기 액정 중 적어도 일부를 남기는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 깊은 SRG 위에 보호층을 적용하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제42항에 있어서, 상기 보호층은 반사 방지층을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제42항에 있어서, 상기 보호층은 실리케이트 또는 실리콘 질화물을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제42항에 있어서, 보호층을 적용하는 단계는 상기 깊은 SRG 상에 상기 보호층을 증착하는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제45항에 있어서, 상기 보호층을 증착하는 단계는 화학 기상 증착을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제46항에 있어서, 상기 화학 기상 증착은 나노코팅 공정인 것인, 방법.
- 제42항에 있어서, 상기 보호층은 파릴렌 코팅을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 액정 풍부 영역들은 상기 액정 풍부 영역들 내의 상기 액정의 적어도 일부를 제거한 후 에어 갭들을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 에어 갭들에 진공을 생성하거나 상기 에어 갭들을 불활성 기체로 충전하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 액정의 적어도 일부를 제거하는 단계는 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 용매로 세척하는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제51항에 있어서, 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 세척하는 단계는 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 상기 용매에 침지하는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제51항에 있어서, 상기 용매는 이소프로필 알콜을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제51항에 있어서, 상기 용매는 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 세척하는 동안 실온보다 낮은 온도로 유지되는 것인, 방법.
- 제51항에 있어서, 상기 액정의 적어도 일부를 제거하는 단계는 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 고유량 공기원으로 건조시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 경화하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제56항에 있어서, 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 경화하는 단계는 상기 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 액정 격자를 약 1시간의 구간 동안 저강도 백색광에 노출시키는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자는 70% 내지 95%의 효율로 S-편광된 광을 인커플링하도록 구성된 것인, 방법.
- 제58항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자는 또한, 25% 내지 50%의 효율로 P-편광된 광을 인커플링하도록 구성된 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 네트워크와 상기 에어 갭들 사이의 굴절률 차이는 0.25 내지 0.4인 것인, 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 네트워크와 상기 액정 재료 사이의 굴절률 차이는 0.05 내지 0.2인 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자는 0.35 ㎛ 내지 0.8 ㎛의 브래그 프린지 간격 및 1 ㎛ 내지 3 ㎛의 격자 깊이를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자는 1:1 내지 5:1의 브래그 프린지 간격 대 격자 깊이의 비를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 단량체와 액정의 혼합물 중의 상기 액정의 함량은 대략 20% 내지 50%인 것인, 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 단량체와 액정의 혼합물 중의 상기 액정은 액정 단일물을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 액정 단일물은 시아노바이페닐 및/또는 펜틸사이노바이페닐을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 깊은 SRG를 제조하기 위한 방법으로서,
단량체와 물질의 혼합물을 제공하는 단계;
기판을 제공하는 단계;
상기 기판의 표면 상에 상기 혼합물의 층을 코팅하는 단계;
상기 층에 홀로그래픽 기록 빔들을 적용하여 교번하는 중합체 풍부 영역들 및 물질 풍부 영역들을 포함하는 홀로그래픽 중합체 분산 격자를 형성하는 단계; 및
상기 물질 풍부 영역들 내의 상기 물질의 적어도 일부를 제거하여 중합체 표면 릴리프 격자를 형성하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법. - 제67항에 있어서, 상기 단량체는 상기 홀로그래픽 기록 빔들에 반응성이고, 상기 물질은 상기 홀로그래픽 기록 빔들에 비반응성인 것인, 방법.
- 제67항에 있어서, 상기 단량체 및 상기 물질은 상기 홀로그래픽 기록 빔들을 적용하기 전에 혼화성 혼합물이고, 상기 단량체 및 상기 물질은 상기 홀로그래픽 기록 빔들을 적용한 후에 비혼화성 혼합물이 되는 것인, 방법.
- 제67항에 있어서, 상기 물질은 액정을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제67항에 있어서, 상기 물질은 액정 단일물을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제67항에 있어서, 상기 물질은 등방성 재료, 용매, 비반응성 단량체, 무기물, 및/또는 나노입자를 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 도파관 디스플레이로서,
제1 파장 대역 내의 광을 방사하는 방사 어레이;
상기 방사 어레이로부터 시야에 걸쳐 이미지 변조 광을 투사하기 위한 시준 렌즈; 및
도파관으로서:
상기 제1 파장 대역 내의 S-편광된 광에 대해 회절 효율이 높은 입출력 SBG들; 및
상기 제1 파장 대역 내의 P-편광된 광에 대해 회절 효율이 높은 입출력 SBG들을 지지하는, 상기 도파관을 포함하는, 도파관 디스플레이. - 제73항에 있어서, 상기 도파관은 또한, 상기 방사 어레이에 의해 방사된 제2 파장 대역 내의 S-편광된 광 및 P-편광된 광을 회절시키기 위한 SBG들을 지지하는 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 방사 어레이는 OLED 어레이인 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 도파관은 적어도 하나의 평면에서 만곡되는 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 도파관은 플라스틱으로 제조되는 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 방사 어레이는 상기 도파관 내의 만곡된 표면들에 의해 생성되는 파면 왜곡을 사전 보상하기 위해 공간적으로 왜곡된 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 방사 어레이는 상기 도파관 내의 만곡된 표면들에 의해 생성되는 파면 왜곡을 사전 보상하기 위해 만곡된 기판 또는 가요성 기판 상에 형성된 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 격자들 중 적어도 하나는 광중합체에 기록된 브래그 격자, 액정 및 단량체 혼합물에 기록된 브래그 격자, 깊은 표면 릴리프 격자, 하이브리드 표면 릴리프/브래그 격자 중 하나인 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 도파관은 시력 규정 광학 표면들을 지지하는 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 방사는 동일한 크기의 다각형들, 동일한 형상의 다각형들, 상기 어레이에 걸쳐 크기가 변하는 다각형들, 상기 어레이에 걸쳐 형상이 변하는 다각형들, 펜로스 타일들(Penrose tile) 및 비반복 패턴들을 형성하는 요소들의 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나를 포함하는 다양한 요소들을 사용하여 패터닝된 픽셀 어레이를 갖는 것인, 도파관 디스플레이.
- 도파관을 사용하여 이미지를 형성하기 위한 방법으로서,
제1 파장 대역 내의 광을 방사하는 방사 어레이, 시준 렌즈 및 상기 제1 파장 대역 내의 S-편광된 광에 대해 회절 효율이 높은 입출력 격자들 및 상기 제1 파장 대역 내의 P-편광된 광에 대해 회절 효율이 높은 입출력 격자들을 지지하는 도파관을 제공하는 단계;
상기 시준 렌즈를 사용하여 상기 방사 어레이에 의해 방사된 이미지 광을 시준하는 단계;
S-회절 입력 격자를 사용하여 상기 OLED 어레이로부터의 이미지 변조 S-편광된 광을 상기 도파관 내의 내부 전반사 경로 내로 커플링하는 단계;
P-회절 입력 격자를 사용하여 상기 OLED 어레이로부터의 이미지 변조 P-편광된 광을 상기 도파관 내의 내부 전반사 경로 내로 커플링하는 단계;
관찰을 위해 상기 도파관으로부터 S-편광된 광을 빔 확대 및 추출하는 단계; 및
관찰을 위해 상기 도파관으로부터 P-편광된 광을 빔 확대 및 추출하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법. - 제83항에 있어서, 상기 방사 어레이는 OLED 어레이인 것인, 방법.
- 제83항에 있어서, 상기 도파관에 의해 지지되는 만곡된 광학 표면을 제공하는 단계; 상기 방사 어레이 상의 픽셀 패턴을 사전 왜곡시키는 단계, 상기 시준 렌즈를 사용하여 사전 왜곡된 파면들을 형성하는 단계; 상기 만곡된 광학 표면에서 상기 사전 왜곡된 파면 광을 반사시키는 단계; 및 상기 만곡된 광학 표면의 광출력을 사용하여 상기 사전 왜곡된 파면으로부터 평면 파면을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제83항에 있어서, 상기 만곡된 광학 표면은 규정 광학 표면인 것인, 방법.
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