CN114051092B - 具有延伸光折叠元件扫描范围的致动器及含其的折叠相机 - Google Patents
具有延伸光折叠元件扫描范围的致动器及含其的折叠相机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种致动器及含有所述致动器的折叠相机被公开,诸如具有延伸光折叠元件扫描范围的致动器及含有所述致动器的折叠数码相机。所述致动器用于在相对于光学影像稳定(OIS)所需的一扫描/旋转范围的一延伸扫描范围内旋转一光径折叠元件(OPFE)。
Description
本申请为申请号201780081406.9(PCT申请号为PCT/IB2017/057706)、申请日2017年12月06日、发明名称“具有延伸光折叠元件扫描范围的折叠相机结构”的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请与2016年12月28日提交的第62/439,518号美国临时专利申请有关且要求其优先权,所述临时专利申请通过引用其全文并入本文中。
技术领域
本文中所公开的实施例总体上是涉及数码相机,并且特别涉及薄形的多光圈变焦数码相机。
背景技术
个人电子装置,例如具有两个后置相机(也称为“双相机(dual-camera)”或“双光圈相机(dual-aperture camera)”)的智能手机是众所周知且可从商业上取得的。所述两个后置相机具有相应的多个具有不同固定焦距的镜头和相应的多个用于撷取影像数据(或“影像”)的影像感测器(或简称“感测器”)。尽管对齐每个镜头/感测器组合以朝相同方向看,但每个镜头/感测器组合会撷取具有不同视场(field of view,FOV)的相同场景的影像。
例如在标题为“具有自动可调远程视场的双光圈变焦数码相机”的共同所有和发明的PCT专利申请PCT/IB2016/057366中所公开的一种具有可调FOVT以用于最大化变焦能力的远程相机。所述可调FOV涉及由一步进马达(step motor)启动的扫描。最近,步进马达已被音圈马达(voice coil motor,VCM)技术取代。VCM致动用于自动对焦(AF)及/或光学影像稳定(optical image stabilization,OIS)。然而,已知的VCM致动器技术,特别是在折叠相机中使用的VCM致动器技术可以具有一有限的扫描范围,且一给定的VCM致动器可以仅执行OIS,其需要在一非常有限的范围内执行运动补偿。
例如在标题为“在一小型的折叠相机中的自动对焦和光学影像稳定”的共同受让的国际专利申请PCT/IB2016/052179中所述的用于OIS旋转OPFE的系统。
因此,需要具有用于可调FOVT的VCM致动机构(所述可调FOVT具有延伸扫描范围),且这将是有利的。此外,具有用于可调FOVT的VCM致动机构(所述可调FOVT具有延伸扫描范围)将是有利的,且可同时支持在一延伸范围内的扫描和OIS。
发明内容
本文中所公开的实施例涉及VCM致动器,其用于具有可调FOVT的远程折叠相机,例如在PCT/IB2016/057366中所述的相机。所公开的致动器被设计为最大化变焦和扫描能力。一些示例性公开的实施例还允许OIS与图像扫描并行。
在一示例性实施例中,提供一致动器,用于在一扫描范围内旋转一OPFE,其中OPFE位置是通过一非精确位置感测机构控制,所述非精确位置感测机构决定一可允许的抖动(jitter)限制,所述致动器包括:一致动子组件刚性地耦接至所述OPFE且具有定义一旋转轴的两个转轴,以及具有两个壳体的一固定子组件,其中每个壳体嵌套在所述固定子组件的一相应转轴中以形成一壳体-转轴对,其中所述致动子组件的一质心被定位成与所述旋转轴重合,以限制由所述OPFE旋转且停止在一给定OPFE位置引起的抖动不大于一可允许的限制。
在一实施例中,每个壳体-转轴对具有一定程度的摩擦力,是设计为帮助限制由所述OPFE旋转且停止在一给定OPFE位置引起的所述抖动不大于所述可允许的限制。
在一实施例中,所述固定子组件包含一位置感测器,用于感测所述给定OPFE位置。
在一实施例中,所述位置感测器包含一霍尔棒感测元件。
在一实施例中,所述扫描范围是在所述OPFE的一静止位置附近大于±1.5度。
在一实施例中,所述扫描范围是在所述OPFE的所述静止位置附近至少±5度。
在一实施例中,所述扫描范围是在所述OPFE的所述静止位置附近至多±20度。
附图说明
以下将参照在本段之后列出的附图来描述本文中所公开的实施例的非限制性实例。出现在多于一图式中的完全相同的结构、元件或部件在其所出现的所有图式中通常由相同的附图标记来标示。附图及其描述意图说明和澄清本文中所公开的实施例,而不应当被视为以任何方式作出限制。
图1A示出了根据一示例性实施例的能够在一异构视图中延伸扫描的一致动器;
图1B示出了在一背面视图中图1A的所述致动器;
图1C示出了在一分解图中图1A的所述致动器;
图2示出了在具有镜头和感测器的一折叠相机中图1A-C的所述致动器;
图3示出了在一双相机中图2的所述折叠相机和致动器;
图4示出了在X方向上的一磁场对一感测元件的影响模拟,所述感测元件作为致动子组件116和磁铁110围绕轴104旋转的功能;
图5示意性地示出了图1A-C的用于所述致动器的一感测电路;
图6A示出了根据另一示例性实施例的能够在一异构视图中延伸扫描+OIS的一致动器;
图6B示出了在一分解图中图6A的所述致动器;
图7示出了在具有镜头和感测器的一折叠相机中图6A-B的所述致动器;
图8示出了在一双相机中图7的所述折叠相机和致动器;
图9示意性地示出了图6A-B的用于所述致动器的一感测电路。
具体实施方式
图1A-C说明了根据本公开专利标的一实例在各种视图中一旋转音圈马达(VCM)的一致动器100。致动器100能够实现相对于其他系统需求的一延伸OPFE扫描范围且能够调整FOVT,所述其他系统旋转用于OIS的一OPFE(其中所述旋转通常为±1度,例如在共同受让的PCT专利申请PCT/IB2016/052179中所述的系统)。图1A示出了在一异构视图中的致动器100,图1B从一后视图示出了致动器100,以及图1C示出了在一分解图中的致动器100。致动器100能够使一OPFE 102(例如一棱镜或镜子)围绕一单轴104(即围绕例如在所有图式中所示和使用的座标系统中的所述X轴)旋转(在一称为的角度),如下所述。轴104也可以称为“旋转轴”。在各种实施例中,的所述延伸范围可以例如在10度至40度的范围内(或在一初始“静止”位置处周围±5度至±20度)。在一示例性实施例中,度或±10度于所述静止位置周围。相较之下,在已知的设计中,为了OIS目的,所述OPFE仅能在所述静止位置周围0.5至3度或±0.25至±1.5度的一有限旋转范围旋转(倾斜)。
在致动器100中,OPFE 102架在一光学元件支架(或简称“支架”)106内,所述光学元件支架可例如是配合OPFE 102的形状通过塑料成型制成。一致动磁铁108从下方(图1B中的负Z方向)固定地附接(例如黏合)至光学元件支架106。一感测磁铁110固定地附接(例如黏合)至支架106的一凹槽112中的所述支架的一侧上。两个转轴114a和114b固定地附接(例如黏合)至支架106的两侧上。转轴114a和114b例如由一硬金属制成,例如不锈钢。OPFE102、光学元件支架106、致动磁铁108、感测磁铁110以及转轴114a和114b的组合件在下文将称为“致动子组件”116。
致动器100更包括一底座118(例如由塑料制成)以及两个壳体120a和120b(也例如由塑料制成),壳体120a和120b固定地附接(例如黏合)至底座118。在一些实施例中,底座118和壳体120a和120b中的一个或两个可模制成单个部件。在一些实施例中,壳体120a及/或壳体120b可包括数个部件,这些部件是组装的及例如仅在所述致动器组装程序其间是黏合的。底座118和壳体120a和120b形成一“固定子组件”122。固定子组件122更包括一霍尔棒感测元件126和一线圈124,二者如下所述。
致动子组件116被定位在固定子组件122内,使得转轴114a和114b分别被定位在壳体120a和120b内。转轴114a和114b是同心且位于轴104上(平行于图式中的所述X轴)。所述的机械结构允许致动子组件116和OPFE 102围绕轴104的所述旋转。底座118及/或光学元件支架106的所述塑料成型可用作致动子组件116的一机械止动件,以防止超过度的运动。
在一些实施例中,轴104是被定位在穿过致动子组件116的所述质心。所述“质量”包括元件102、106、108、110、114a和114b。在这些实施例中,致动器100的一外部旋转(例如由一使用者旋转包括所述致动器的一装置引起)不会引起致动子组件116和固定子组件122之间的一相对旋转。
致动器100更包括一缠绕线圈124,例如是一体育场(stadium)形状,通常具有几十个绕组(例如在50至250个的一非限制范围内)以及具有10至30欧姆的一典型电阻。线圈124位于磁铁108下方,使得当所述致动子组件静止时,在名义上,线圈124和磁铁108的中心重叠。磁铁108可以例如是一永久磁铁,由一钕合金(例如Nd2Fe14B)或一钐钴合金(例如SmCo5)制成。可以制造(例如烧结)磁铁108,使得其改变磁极方向:在所述正Y侧上,所述北磁极面向所述负Z方向,而在所述负Y侧上,所述北磁极面向所述正Z方向。线圈124连接至外部电流驱动电路(未示出),所述驱动电路能够向线圈124发送输入电流。线圈124内的电流由于磁铁108的所述磁场而产生一劳伦兹力:例如在顺时针方向上的一电流将在所述正Y方向上产生一力,而在逆时针方向上的一电流将在所述负Y方向上产生一力。全磁方案(即由磁铁引起所述磁场的所述全磁模拟)在本领域中是已知的,且例如详细描述于专利申请PCT/IB2016/052179中。
当通过线圈124施加所述磁力在所述正和负的Y方向上,所述转轴机械结构限制致动子组件116围绕轴104旋转。一霍尔棒元件126可以感测感测磁铁110的所述磁场的所述强度和方向。感测磁铁110可以例如是一永久磁铁,由一钕合金(例如Nd2Fe14B)或一钐钴合金(例如SmCo5)制成。可以制造(例如烧结)磁铁110,使得当致动器100在静止时,磁铁110的北极朝向所述Z方向。致动后,致动子组件116和霍尔棒元件126的所述相对位置改变。通过霍尔棒元件126感测的所述磁场的所述强度和方向也会改变,因此可以确定致动子组件116的所述位置。一闭环控制电路(未示出)用于控制所述致动子组件的所述位置并设置到光学要求所需的位置。所述闭环控制电路具有一单个输入(single input)-霍尔棒元件126的信号,以及一单个输出(single output)-在线圈124中施加的电流量。所述闭环控制电路可以在一集成电路(IC)(未示出)中实现。具有单个输入和单个输出(SISO)系统的一闭环控制系统的操作是本领域中已知的。这种闭环控制电路可例如是一线性“比例-积分-微分”(proportional-integral-differential,PID)控制。在一些实施例中,所述单个IC可以在霍尔棒元件126内的一控制器中实现。在其他实施例中,所述IC可以是一单独的芯片,其可以位于所述相机外部。
如下所述,致动器100的步级分辨率(step resolution)和抖动(杂讯)可通过一“非精确”感测机构电路限制至的1/1000。对于使用要求,可接受步级分辨率),如在PCT专利申请PCT/IB2016/057366中所述。然而,在致动器100将所述OPFE定位在一特定位置后,防止影像模糊的考虑因素要求不超过1/200度的抖动。在系统100中,且例如1/200度等于其小于所述感测电路允许的抖动限制。为了解决这个问题,提供一种基于摩擦的机构以将抖动限制在一不超过所述可允许的限制(1/200度,其在所述实例中是的1/4000)程度。例如,在一些情况下,可以在转轴114a和114b以及壳体120a和120b之间设计并引入显着的摩擦。在一控制命令移动(通过一驱动电流,见下文)致动子组件116至一期望的位置后,根据光学需求所要求的以及如下所述通过一感测机构感测,可以关闭所述驱动电流以减少由一非精确感测机构引起的抖动。轴104的所述显着的摩擦和所述定位穿过致动子组件116的所述质心将确保外部力矩和力(例如由使用者手抖引起)将维持致动子组件116相对于静止子组件122固定。电源关闭也有助于降低所述系统功耗。
例如,假设致动子组件具有500毫克的质量以及围绕轴104的惯性矩为1000毫克-平方毫米。假设不锈钢转轴114a-b和塑料壳体120a-b之间的摩擦系数为0.7。轴104的直径为0.7毫米,且名义上设计为穿过致动子组件106的所述质心。然而,由于在组装期间的机械容限(mechanical tolerance),轴104可位移达20微米(μm),其将引起达0.0001牛顿-毫米的重力矩。典型的手震(handshake)达2赫兹和0.1度,引起角加速度达0.3弧度/平方秒,且惯性矩提供的力矩通常限制于0.0003牛顿-毫米。因此,在电流关闭后,重力矩和手震力矩皆无法克服0.001225牛顿-毫米的摩擦力矩(质量x摩擦系数x转轴半径)。
图2示出了作为折叠相机结构(folded camera structure,FCS)或简称“折叠相机”200的部件的致动器100。在折叠相机200中,致动器100是用于旋转OPFE(例如棱镜)102。折叠相机200中致动器100的操作(致动)产生一延伸远程视场(FOVT),例如在美国临时专利申请62/272367和62/361150中所述的类型。在这种情况下,致动器100的一典型旋转致动行程可以在OPFE 102的所述原始位置的±5至±20度的范围内,具有分辨率至少为8且达100个可区分的步级(可能的OPFE位置)。相机200更包括一镜头元件202以及一影像感测器204。相机200更可包括一致动机构,所述致动机构用于镜头元件202的对焦及/或自动对焦(AF)。此致动机构未示出于图2中,但可例如美国专利9392188中所述。
图3示出了折叠相机200,是一双相机(或“双光圈相机”)300的一部件。双相机300也包括一标准“直立”相机302。相机302具有本领域中已知的一标准相机结构,且包括一镜头304和一影像感测器306。相机302也可包括其他部件,例如用于所述镜头的致动机构、一机械护罩、一底盘及其他部件,这些部件皆为本领域中已知的且未示出于图3中。双光圈相机(例如相机300)及其操作和使用例如详细描述于国际专利申请PCT/IB2016/056060中。
磁感测元件126例如是(如上所述)一霍尔棒元件,能够在图1中所示的所述X方向上测量磁场。在致动器100中,磁铁110刚性地耦接至致动子组件116(或是其一部件),而感测元件126刚性地耦接至固定子组件122(或是其一部件)。磁铁110具有例如沿着所述Z轴的一磁场方向,使得所述北磁极在所述正Z方向上且所述南磁极在所述负Z方向上。
图4示出了在所述X方向上的所述磁场对感测元件126的影响模拟,所述感测元件126作为致动子组件116(和磁铁110)围绕轴104旋转的功能。显然地,所述磁场在所述移动范围的一端从约-0.2特斯拉(T)的一负值单调地变化至在所述移动(旋转)范围的另一端+0.2特斯拉。
图5示出了一已知技术的电路500,其允许通过一霍尔棒元件126读取所述磁场。霍尔棒元件126具有4个标记为Iin、Gnd、V+以及V-的连接器。通常在1至20毫安培的范围内的电流在Iin中驱动,且通过霍尔棒元件126流至地面(ground,GND)。霍尔棒元件126的典型电阻在200至3000千欧姆的范围内。在本实例中,考虑一感测元件具有电阻1200欧姆和电流Iin=2.5毫安培,使得电压降在Iin和Gnd为3伏特之间,且标记为Vin=3伏特。对于在所述X方向上磁场B为0的情况,Vp=Vm=Vin/2=1.5伏特。若霍尔棒元件126中存在一磁场,将在Vp和Vm之间产生一电压降,标记为Vout=Vp-Vm,使得Vp=(Vin+Vout)/2且Vm=(Vin-Vout)/2。Vout的大小与所述感测元件上的所述磁场B成比例,即Vout=αB。对于一定电流Iin=2.5毫安培,α的典型值在0.2至2毫伏特/毫特斯拉的范围内。在本实例中,考虑α=0.5毫伏特/毫特斯拉,使得对于图4中所见的图式,Vout在所述运动范围内是在-100毫伏特至100毫伏特的范围内。
放大器502是一运算放大器(operational amplifier,op-amp),其具有一3伏特驱动电压。运算放大器502的操作细节是本领域中已知的且在此简要描述。运算放大器502的放大系数β在5至200的范围内。在本实例中,假设放大系数β=15。运算放大器502的输入是Vp和Vm。运算放大器502的输出是Vp+β(Vp-Vm)。因此,在本实例中,运算放大器502的所述电压输出(Vamp)是在0至3伏特的范围内。Vamp是通过一类比对数位转换器(analog-todigital converter,ADC)504抽样,具有分辨率在8至14位元的范围内,在本实例中为12位元。也就是说,0至3伏特的范围分为4096级。因此,电路500允许以12位元最大分辨率(或在其他情况下为8至16位元)测量致动器100的运动范围。对于20度扫描范围,这允许大约0.005度分辨率。此分辨率比所需要的更差。
图6A以一异构视图说明,以及图6B根据本文中所公开的另一示例性实施例说明在一分解图中一旋转VCM的一致动器600。致动器600允许一延伸OPFE扫描范围加上OIS能力。与致动器100相比,致动器600具有一精确位置感测机构,其允许1/200度的精确度,如下所述。因此,致动器600的所述控制电路可以维持运行,而当所述OPFE旋转至一期望部分并不会降低影像光学质量。
致动器600在机械上与致动器100相似,且致动器600包括致动器100的所有元件(因此,用相同的数字编号)。致动器600和致动器100之间的区别在于致动器600更包括两个滚珠轴承(ball bearing)602a和602b,通常由不锈钢制成。滚珠轴承602a和602b分别固定地附接(例如黏合)至壳体120a和120b内。致动子组件116被定位在固定子组件122内,使得转轴114a和114b分别被定位在滚珠轴承602a和602b内。转轴114a和114b以及轴承602a和602b皆为同心且位于轴104上。所述机械结构允许致动子组件116和光折叠元件102围绕所述X轴以非常低的摩擦旋转。滚珠轴承602a和602b的一典型低摩擦系数可以在0.001至0.005的范围内。
图7示出了作为一折叠相机700的部件的致动器600。在折叠相机700中,如上所述,参照相机200,致动器600是用于旋转一光折叠元件。如上所述,所述致动产生一延伸变焦视场(FOV),另外还提供例如在PCT/IB2016/052179中所述的OIS。如上所述,致动器600的所述典型旋转致动行程应在所述光折叠元件的原始位置的±8至±18度的范围内,分辨率至少为0.002度。相机700更可包括参照上文相机200所述的多个元件。
图8示出了作为一双相机800的一部件的相机700。双相机800的描述和使用与相机300中的相似,故不再重复。
在致动器600中,所述致动机构负责一延伸扫描范围和OIS。因此,相对于致动器100中的扫描分辨率,需要一更高的扫描分辨率。图9示出了根据本文中所公开的一示例性实施例的一电路900,其允许通过霍尔棒感测元件126读取所述磁场以用于所述延伸扫描。电路900延伸电路500,除了电路500的所述多个元件,还包括分辨率在8至14位元的范围内的一数位对类比转换器(digital-to-analog,DAC)902,且在本实例中为12位元。也就是说,0至3伏特的范围分为4096级,或小于1毫伏特。DAC 902为一第二放大步级提供一参考电压,如下所述。DAC 902的所述类比输出标记为Vdac。电路900更包括运算放大器904,在3伏特电压下操作,且放大倍率γ在100至4000的范围内。示例性的运算放大器904显示放大倍率γ=500。运算放大器904的输入是Vamp和Vdac。运算放大器904的输出是Vdac+γ(Vdac-Vamp)。Vdac以下列方式设定:致动器600的所述倾斜(旋转)目标是已知的(由使用者决定)。所述目标范围分为S步级(step),S为一整数,S>γ,在本实例中S=3000(在本实例中为0.2度)。对于一给定的倾斜目标,一数值“s”标记在所述范围内最接近的整数步级。例如,若所述目标为-5度,则s=750。所述DAC输出设定为Vin/2-Vrange/2+Vrange*s/S。DAC输出的这种设定可以确保当所述致动器的位置相较于运算放大器502的所述输出更接近所述目标时,Vamp2是在0至3伏特的范围内。Vamp2通过一ADC 906抽样,分辨率在8至14位元的范围内,且在本实例中为12位元。也就是说,0至3伏特的范围分为4096级。因此,电路900允许以相较于电路500高γ倍的精确度测量致动器100的运动范围。对于20度扫描范围,γ=500,这允许大约0.00001度(10微度)分辨率。
将本说明书中所提及的所有公开、专利、以及专利申请整体通过引证结合到本说明书中,直至与好像具体地且单独地说明每个单独的公开、专利或专利申请以通过引证结合于此相同的程度。此外,本申请中的任何参考文献的引用或识别都不应被解释为承认此参考文献可作为现有技术而用于本发明。
虽然已根据某些实施方案以及一般相关联的方法来描述本公开,但本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见对所述实施方案和方法的更改和排列。本公开内容应当被理解成不受限于这里所描述的具体实施例,而是仅由所附权利要求书的范围限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种致动器,用于在一扫描范围内旋转一光径折叠元件,其特征在于:所述致动器包括:
(a)一致动子组件,所述致动子组件包括一光学元件支架,所述光学元件支架在所述光学元件支架的一顶侧处被刚性耦合到所述光径折叠元件,且所述致动子组件具有两个转轴,所述两个转轴被定位于内部并与两个相应的滚珠轴承同心,所述两个转轴与所述两个滚珠轴承卧置于一旋转轴上,所述旋转轴通过所述致动子组件的一质心被定位;
(b)一固定子组件,所述固定子组件具有一底座及两个壳体,其中每个壳体被嵌套在一相应的转轴中;以及
(c)一音圈马达,所述音圈马达包括一线圈及一永久磁铁,所述线圈被固定地附接到所述底座,所述永久磁铁在所述光学元件支架的一底侧处被固定地附接到所述光学元件支架,
其中所述音圈马达被配置为以至少0.002度的一分辨率在离所述光径折叠元件的一原始位置至少±8度的扫描范围内旋转所述光径折叠元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其特征在于:所述固定子组件包含一位置感测器,用于感测一给定光径折叠元件位置。
3.如权利要求2所述的致动器,其特征在于:所述位置感测器包含一霍尔棒感测元件。
4.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其特征在于:所述致动器被配置为提供光学影像稳定。
5.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其特征在于:所述扫描范围为离所述光径折叠元件的一静止位置至多±18度。
6.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其特征在于:所述扫描范围为离所述光径折叠元件的所述原始位置至多±20度。
7.如权利要求6所述的致动器,其特征在于:所述分辨率为0.00001度。
8.一种折叠相机,其特征在于:所述折叠相机包括如权利要求1至7任一项所述的致动器。
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