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CN107530034A - 增强现实脉冲血氧定量法 - Google Patents

增强现实脉冲血氧定量法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107530034A
CN107530034A CN201680021671.3A CN201680021671A CN107530034A CN 107530034 A CN107530034 A CN 107530034A CN 201680021671 A CN201680021671 A CN 201680021671A CN 107530034 A CN107530034 A CN 107530034A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic radiation
user
wavelength
controller
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201680021671.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
N·E·萨梅茨
A·克勒
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Magic Leap Inc
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Magic Leap Inc
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Filing date
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Publication of CN107530034A publication Critical patent/CN107530034A/zh
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Abstract

一个实施例涉及包括以下的系统：头戴式构件，其可拆卸地耦接到用户的头部；一个或多个电磁辐射发射器，其耦接到头戴式构件并被配置为沿着用户的至少一个眼睛发射具有至少两个不同波长的光；一个或多个电磁辐射检测器，其耦接到头戴式构件并且被配置为接收在遇到眼睛的至少一个血管之后所反射的光；以及控制器，其可操作地耦接到一个或多个电磁辐射发射器和检测器，并且被配置为使一个或多个电磁辐射发射器发出光脉冲，同时还使所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器检测与所发射的光脉冲相关的光吸收的水平，并产生与血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的输出。

Description

增强现实脉冲血氧定量法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求根据35U.S.C.§119于2015年3月16日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/133,870的优先权。上述申请全部内容通过引用的方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本公开涉及使用可穿戴部件用于增强现实的系统和方法，更具体地，涉及在增强现实系统的环境下用于确定用户的血液中的氧饱和度的配置。
背景技术
现代计算以及显示技术已经促进了用于所谓“虚拟现实”或“增强现实”体验的系统的发展，其中数字再现的图像或其部分以看起来是真实的或可以感知为是真实的方式呈现给用户。虚拟现实或“VR”场景一般涉及数字或虚拟图像信息的呈现，而对其它实际的真实世界视觉输入并不透明；增强现实或“AR”场景一般涉及数字或虚拟图像信息的呈现，作为对用户周围的实际世界的可视化的增强。
例如，参考图1，描绘了增强现实场景(4)，其中，AR技术的用户看见以在背景中的人、树、建筑为特征的真实世界的公园状的设置(6)以及实体平台(1120)。除了这些项以外，AR技术的用户也可以感知到他“看见”站在真实世界的平台(1120)上的机器人雕像(1110)，以及正在飞行的卡通式的头像角色(2)，通过看起来是大黄蜂的拟人化，即使这些元素(2、1110)在真实的世界中不存在。事实证明，人类的视觉感知系统是非常复杂的，开发一项促进虚拟图像元素在其它虚拟或现实世界图像元素中的舒适的、感觉自然的、丰富的呈现的VR或AR技术是极具挑战的。例如，头戴式AR显示器(或头戴式显示器、或智能眼镜)通常至少轻松地耦接到用户的头部，并且因此在用户的头部移动时移动。如果用户的头部移动被显示系统检测到，则可以更新显示的数据，以考虑头部姿势的变化。合适的AR系统的某些方面被公开，例如，美国专利申请序列号14/205,126，标题为“用于增强和虚拟现实的系统和方法”，其全部内容通过引用并入本文，以及以下涉及增强和虚拟现实系统的其它公开，例如由佛罗里达州，劳德代尔堡的Magic Leap公司开发的这些：美国专利申请序列号14/641,376、美国专利申请序列号14/555,585、美国专利申请序列号14/212,961、美国专利申请序列号14/690,401、美国专利申请序列号13/663,466、美国专利申请序列号13/684,489、以及美国专利申请序列号62/298,993，其中的每一个专利申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
这种AR和VR系统一般包括诸如控制器或微控制器的处理能力，以及为各种部件的功能供电的电源，由于可穿戴计算系统(例如AR或VR系统)中的至少一些部件靠近操作它们的用户的身体的事实，所以存在利用这些系统部件中的一些来相对于用户进行某些生理监控任务的机会。先参考图4A-4C，示出了脉冲血氧定量法(pulse oximetry)的某些方面。参考图4A，传统的脉冲血氧仪设备(pulse oximeter device)(802)被配置为临时耦接到用户的手指(804)、耳垂或其它类似的组织结构，并且穿过这种组织结构以不同的波长来脉冲光，同时在该组织结构的另一侧处检测透过(以及因此吸收)，以提供与估计的血氧饱和度水平成比例的输出，或读作为估计的血氧饱和度水平的输出。例如，这种设备通常被高海拔攀登者或在医疗场合中使用。图4B示出了氧合(806)对脱氧(808)的血红蛋白的吸收光谱的图(810)，并且如这些图(806、808)所示，在电磁光谱的红光波长范围内，诸如大约660nm，对于氧合血红蛋白对脱氧血红蛋白的吸收存在明显差异，而在红外波长范围内的大约940nm处有相反的差异。已知以这种波长的脉冲辐射和采用脉搏血氧仪的检测是利用对于特定用户确定血氧饱和度的这种已知吸收差异。尽管脉冲血氧仪(802)一般被配置为至少部分地包封例如手指(804)或耳垂的组织结构，但是已经提出了某些桌面风格系统，例如图4C示出的(812)，来观察眼睛的血管的吸收差异，例如视网膜血管。这种配置(812)可以被称为流量血氧定量法系统，并且包括示出的部件，包括照相机(816)、变焦透镜(822)、第一(818)以及第二(820)发光二极管(LED)、以及一个或多个分束器(814)。虽然对某些用户(例如高海拔攀登者或具有某些心血管或呼吸系统问题的人)是有价值的，以在他们白天的活动或进行他们的活动时能够便捷地看见他们自己的血氧饱和度的显示，但是大多数配置包括不便捷的组织结构的包封，或未设计为或不非常适合于可穿戴。在此提出的解决方法是将以AR或VR系统形式的可穿戴计算的便捷性与脉冲血氧定量法的血氧饱和度监控技术结合。
发明内容
一个实施例涉及的一种用于确定用户的血氧饱和度的系统，其包括：头戴式构件，其可拆卸地耦接到用户的头部；一个或多个电磁辐射发射器，其耦接到头戴式构件并且被配置为沿着用户的至少一个眼睛的方向在可见光到红外光谱内(或在另一个实施例中，在不可见光到红外光谱内)发射具有至少两种不同波长的光；一个或多个电磁辐射检测器，其耦接到头戴式构件并且被配置为接收遇到用户的眼睛的至少一个血管之后所反射的光；以及控制器，其可操作地耦接到一个或多个电磁辐射发射器以及一个或多个电磁辐射检测器，并且被配置为使一个或多个电磁辐射发射器发射光脉冲，同时也使一个或多个电磁辐射检测器检测与所发射的光脉冲相关的光吸收的水平，并且产生与血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的输出。头戴式构件可以包括眼镜框架。眼镜框架可以是双目眼镜框架。一个或多个辐射发射器可以包括发光二极管。一个或多个辐射发射器可以包括被配置为以两种预定波长发射电磁辐射的多个发光二极管。多个发光二极管可以被配置为以约660纳米的第一波长以及约940纳米的第二波长发射电磁辐射。一个或多个辐射发射器可以被配置为以两种预定波长顺序地发射电磁辐射。一个或多个辐射发射器可以被配置为以两种预定波长同时地发射电磁辐射。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器可以包括从包括以下的组中选择的设备：光电二极管、光电检测器以及数字照相机传感器。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器可以被定位和定向成接收在遇到用户的眼睛的视网膜的至少一个血管之后所反射的光。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器可以被定位和定向成接收在遇到用户的眼睛的巩膜的至少一个血管之后所反射的光。控制器可以被进一步被配置为使多个发光二级管发射第一波长开启，然后第二波长开启，然后两个波长关闭的循环模式，以使得一个或多个电磁辐射检测器分别检测第一波长和第二波长。控制器可以被配置为使多个发光二极管发射第一波长开启，然后第二波长开启，然后两个波长关闭的循环模式，以大约每秒三十次的循环脉冲模式。控制器可以被配置为计算第一波长光测量与第二波长光测量的比率，并且其中该比率至少部分基于朗伯比尔定律(Beer-Lambert law)经由查找表转换为血氧饱和度读数。控制器可以被配置为操作一个或多个电磁辐射发射器以及一个或多个电磁辐射检测器以用作头戴式脉冲血氧仪。控制器可以可操作地耦接到光学元件，该光学元件耦接到头戴式构件并且被用户可见，以使得与用户的血管中的血氧饱和度成比例的控制器的输出可以通过光学元件被用户看见。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器可以包括包含多个像素的数字图像传感器，其中控制器被配置为自动检测正在接收遇到用户的眼睛的至少一个血管之后的所反射的光的像素的子集，并且使用该像素的子集以产生与血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的输出。控制器可以被配置为至少部分地基于与像素相关联的信号之中的反射光亮度差异来自动检测像素的子集。控制器可以被配置为至少部分地基于与像素相关联的信号之中的反射光吸收差异来自动检测像素的子集。
附图说明
图1示出了向用户呈现的增强现实系统的某些方面。
图2A-2D示出了用于可穿戴计算应用的各种增强现实系统的某些方面，其具有可操作地耦接到本地和远程处理以及数据部件的头戴式部件。
图3示出了可穿戴增强或虚拟现实系统与某些远程处理和/或数据存储资源之间的连接范例的某些方面。
图4A-4C示出了传统脉冲血氧定量法配置的各个方面。
图5示出了具有集成脉冲血氧定量法模块的可穿戴AR/VR系统的各个方面。
图6示出了用于使用具有集成脉冲血氧定量法模块的可穿戴AR/VR系统的技术的各个方面。
具体实施方式
参考图2A-2D，示出了一些一般的组件选项。在图2A-2D的讨论之后的详细描述的部分中，呈现了各种系统、子系统和组件，用于解决为人类VR和/或AR提供高质量、舒适感知的显示系统的目的。
如图2A所示，AR系统用户(60)被描绘为佩戴头戴式部件(58)，其以耦接到位于用户的眼睛前方的显示系统(62)的框架(64)结构为特征。在所描绘的配置中，扬声器(66)耦接到框架(64)并且位于邻近用户的耳道(在一个实施例中，另一个扬声器未示出，位于邻近用户的另一个耳道以提供立体的/可成形的声音控制)。显示器(62)可以例如通过有线导线或无线连接可操作地耦接到本地处理和数据模块(70)，本地处理和数据模块(70)可以以各种配置来安装，诸如固定地附接到框架(64)，固定地附接到如图2B的实施例所示的头盔或帽子(80)，嵌入头戴式耳机中，以如图2C的实施例所示的背包式配置中可拆卸地附接到用户(60)的躯干(82)，或者如图2D的实施例所示的皮带耦接式配置中可拆卸地附接到用户(60)的臀部(84)。
本地处理和数据模块(70)可以包括低功耗处理器或控制器以及诸如闪速存储器的数字存储器，它们都可以用于协助以下数据的处理、缓存和存储：(a)从可操作地耦接到框架(64)的传感器捕获的数据，该传感器诸如图像捕获设备(诸如照相机)、麦克风、惯性测量单元、加速器、指南针、GPS单元、无线电设备、和/或陀螺仪；和/或(b)使用远程处理模块(72)和/或远程数据仓库(74)来获得和/或处理的数据，在这样的处理或检索之后可能用于传送到显示器(62)。本地处理和数据模块(70)可诸如通过有线或无线通信链路可操作地将(76、78)耦接到远程处理模块(72)和远程数据仓库(74)，以使得这些远程模块(72、74)彼此可操作地耦接并作为对于本地处理和数据模块(70)的可用资源。
在一个实施例中，远程处理模块(72)可包括被配置为分析和处理数据和/或图像信息的一个或多个相对强大的处理器或控制器。在一个实施例中，远程数据仓库(74)可包括相对大规模的数字数据存储设施，其可通过因特网或在“云”资源配置中的其它网络配置来获得。在一个实施例中，在本地处理和数据模块中存储全部数据并执行全部计算，允许从任何远程模块完全自主的使用。
现在参考图3，示意性示出了云计算资产(46)和本地处理资产之间的协调，本地处理资产可以例如存在于耦接到用户的头部(120)的头戴式部件(58)中，以及耦接到用户的皮带(308)的本地处理和数据模块(70)(因此部件70还可以被称为“皮带包”70)中，如图3所示。在一个实施例中，诸如一个或多个服务器系统(110)诸如经由有线或无线网络(例如，用于移动性的无线，用于可能需要的某些高带宽或高数据量传输的有线)可操作地耦接(115)的云(46)资产，直接到本地计算资产(40、42)的一个或两个，如上所述的诸如耦接到用户的头部(120)和皮带(308)的处理器和存储器配置。本地用户的这些计算资产也可以经由有线和/或无线连接配置(44)可操作地耦接到彼此。在一个实施例中，为了保持安装到用户的头部(120)的子系统的低惯性和小尺寸，用户和云(46)之间的主要传送可以经由安装在皮带(308)处的子系统和云之间的链路，其中头部(12)安装的子系统主要使用无线连接基于子系统数据系链到皮带(308)，无线连接诸如超宽带(“UWB”)连接，例如目前在个人计算外围连接应用中采用的。
通过有效的本地和远程处理协调，以及用于用户的适当的显示设备，诸如图2A所示的用户界面或用户显示系统(62)或其变体，与用户的当前实际或虚拟位置相关的一个世界的部分可以被传送或“传递”给用户并以有效的方式更新。换句话说，可以在可能部分存在于用户的AR系统上并且部分存在于云资源中的存储位置处不断地更新世界的地图。地图(map)(也称为“可通行的世界模型”)可以是包括光栅图像、3-D和2-D点、参数信息以及关于真实世界的其它信息的大型数据库。随着越来越多的AR用户不断地捕获关于它们的真实环境的信息(例如，通过照相机、传感器、IMU等)，地图变得越来越准确和完整。
采用上述的配置，其中存在可以存在于云计算资源上并且从那里分配的世界模型，这种世界可以以相对低的带宽形式“传递”给一个或多个用户，优于尝试传递实时视频数据等。站在雕像附近的人(即，如图1所示)的增强体验可以由基于云的世界模型通知，其中一个子集可以被向下传递给他们及其本地显示设备来完成观看。坐在远程显示设备处的人，其可以像坐在桌子上的个人计算机一样简单，可以从云有效地下载相同的信息部分并将它呈现在他们的显示器上。事实上，一个实际上出现在雕像附近的公园中的人可带远程位置的朋友在该公园中散步，朋友通过虚拟和增强现实加入。系统将需要知道街道的位置，其中树木是雕像所在的位置—但是由于信息在云上，加入的朋友可以从云下载场景的方面，并且然后相对于实际上在公园里的人随着增强现实定位开始散步。
可以从环境捕获3-D点，并且可以确定捕获这些图像或点的照相机的姿势(即，相对于世界的矢量和/或原始位置信息)，以使得这些点或图像可以是采用此姿势信息“标记”或与之相关联。然后，利用被第二照相机捕获的点来确定第二照相机的姿势。换言之，可以基于与来自第一照相机的标记的图像的比较来定向和/或定位第二照相机。然后，可以利用该知识提取纹理、制作地图并创建现实世界的虚拟副本(因为然后周围存在两个注册的照相机)。
因此，在该基准水平处，在一个实施例中，利用人可穿戴系统可以捕获3-D点和产生点的2-D图像，并且这些点和图像可以被发送到云存储和处理资源。它们还可以用嵌入的姿势信息(即，缓存标记的信息)在本地缓存；因此，云可能已经准备好了(即，可用的缓存)标记的2-D图像(即，用3-D姿势标记)和3-D点。如果用户正在观察动态的某物，则他还可能会将与运动有关的其它信息发送到云(例如，如果看另一个人的脸部，则用户可以获得脸部的纹理地图并以优化的频率将其上传，即使周围世界基本上是静态的)。如上文提到的，关于对像识别器和可通行世界模型的更多信息可以在美国专利申请序列号14/205,126，题目为“用于增强和虚拟现实的系统和方法”中找到，其全部内容通过引用并入此文，以及与增强和虚拟现实系统相关其它公开，例如由佛罗里达州，劳德代尔堡的Magic Leap公司开发的这些：美国专利申请序列号14/641,376；美国专利申请序列号14/555,585；美国专利申请序列号14/212,961；美国专利申请序列号14/690,401；美国专利申请序列号13/663,466；美国专利申请序列号13/684,489；美国专利申请序列号62/298,993，其中每一个的全部内容通过引用并入此文。
GPS以及其它定位信息可以用作这种处理的输入。用户的头部、图腾、手势、触觉设备等的高精度定位对于向用户显示适当的虚拟内容是关键。
参考图5，示出了可穿戴计算配置的头戴式部件(58)的顶部正视图，其特征在于具有用于说明目的的各种集成部件。该配置具有两个显示元件(62-双目-每个眼睛一个)，用于观察和检测用户周围的世界的三个向前定向的照相机(124)，每个具有相关联的视场(18、20、22)；还具有视场(26)的向前定向的相对高分辨率的图片照相机(156)，一个或多个惯性测量单元(102)，以及具有相关联视场(24)的深度传感器(154)，诸如如上述通过引用并入的公开内容的所述。面向用户的眼睛(12、13)并耦接到头戴式部件(58)框架是至少一个发射器和至少一个检测器。说明性实施例示出了冗余配置，具有用于右眼(13)的一个检测器设备(830；相关联的视场或捕获场为30)，以及一个发射器设备(834；相关联的照射场为826)，以及用于左眼(12)的一个检测器设备(828；相关联的视场或捕获场为28)，以及一个发射器设备(832；相关联的照射场为824)。这些部件被示出为可操作地耦接(836、838、840、842)(例如通过导线)到控制器(844)，控制器(844)可操作地耦接(848)到诸如电池的电源(846)。优选地，每个发射器(832、834)被配置为以两个波长(诸如约660nm和约940nm)可控制地发射电磁辐射，例如通过LED，并且优选地，照射场(824、826)被定向成照射包含氧合和脱氧的血红蛋白的靶组织，例如眼睛的巩膜的血管或眼睛的视网膜的血管；发射器可以被配置为以受控的脉冲发射循环同时或顺序地发射两个波长。多个检测器(828、830)中的一个可以包括光电二极管、光电检测器或数字照相机传感器，并且优选地定位和定向为接收已经遇到包含氧合和脱氧的血红蛋白的靶组织的辐射，以使得可以检测吸收并计算/估计血氧饱和度。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器(828、830)可以包括包含多个像素的数字图像传感器，其中控制器(844)被配置为自动检测在接收遇到用户的眼睛的至少一个血管之后所反射的光的像素的子集，并且使用这些像素的子集来产生与血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的输出。控制器(844)可以被配置为至少部分地基于与像素相关联的信号中的反射光亮度差异来自动检测像素的子集。控制器(844)可以被配置为至少部分地基于与像素相关联的信号之中的反射光吸收差异来自动检测像素的子集。
因此，呈现用于确定穿戴可穿戴计算系统(诸如用于AR或VR的一个可穿戴计算系统)的用户的血氧饱和度的系统，包括：头戴式构件(58)，其可拆卸地耦接到用户的头部；一个或多个电磁辐射发射器(832、834)，其耦接到头戴式构件(58)并且被配置为沿着用户的至少一个眼睛(12，13)的方向在可见光到红外光谱内发射具有至少两种不同波长的光；一个或多个电磁辐射检测器(828、830)，其耦接到头戴式构件并且被配置为接收在遇到用户的眼睛的至少一个血管之后所反射的光；以及控制器(844)，其可操作地耦接到一个或多个电磁辐射发射器(832、834)和一个或多个电磁辐射检测器(828、830)并且被配置为使一个或多个电磁辐射发射器发射光脉冲，同时还使一个或多个电磁辐射检测器检测与所发射的光脉冲相关的光吸收的水平，并产生与血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的输出。头戴式构件(58)可以包括眼镜框架。眼镜框架可以是双目眼镜框架；替代实施例可以是单目的。一个或多个辐射发射器(832、834)可以包括发光二极管。一个或多个辐射发射器(832、834)可以包括被配置为以两个预定波长发射电磁辐射的多个发光二极管。多个发光二极管可以被配置为以约660纳米的第一波长和约940纳米的第二波长发射电磁辐射。一个或多个辐射发射器(832、834)可以被配置为顺序地以两个预定波长发射电磁辐射。一个或多个辐射发射器(832、834)可以被配置为同时以两个预定波长发射电磁辐射。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器(828、830)可以包括从包括以下的组中选择的设备：光电二极管、光电检测器和数字照相机传感器。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器(828、830)可以被定位和定向成接收在遇到用户的眼睛(12、13)的视网膜的至少一个血管之后所反射的光。一个或多个电磁辐射检测器(828、830)可以被定位和定向成接收在遇到用户的眼睛的巩膜的至少一个血管之后所反射的光。控制器(844)还可以被配置为使得多个发光二极管发射第一波长开启，然后第二波长开启，然后两个波长关闭的循环模式，以使得一个或多个电磁辐射检测器分别检测第一和第二波长。控制器(844)可以被配置为使得多个发光二极管发射第一波长开启，然后第二波长开启，然后两个波长关闭的循环模式，以大约每秒三十次的循环脉冲模式。控制器(844)可以被配置为计算第一波长光测量与第二波长光测量的比率，并且其中该比率至少部分地基于朗伯比尔定律经由查找表转换为血氧饱和度读数。控制器(844)可以被配置为操作一个或多个电磁辐射发射器(832、834)和一个或多个电磁辐射检测器(828、830)以用作头戴式脉冲血氧议。控制器(844)可以可操作地耦接到光学元件(62)，光学元件(62)耦接到头戴式构件(58)并被用户看见，以使得与用户的血管中的血氧饱和度成比例的控制器(844)的输出可以通过光学元件(62)被用户看见。
图6示出了用于使用具有集成脉冲血氧定量法模块的可穿戴AR/VR系统的技术或方法的各个方面。参考图6，可以提供可拆卸地耦接到用户的头部的头戴式构件或框架(850)，并且部件配置可以可操作地耦接到头戴式构件，其具有：一个或多个电磁辐射发射器，其耦接到头戴式构件并且被配置为沿着用户的至少一只眼睛的方向在可见光到红外光谱内(或在另一个实施例中，在不可见光到红外光)发射具有至少两种不同波长的光；一个或多个电磁辐射检测器，其耦接到头戴式构件并且被配置为接收在遇到用户的眼睛的至少一个血管之后所反射的光；以及控制器，其可操作地耦接到一个或多个电磁辐射发射器和一个或多个电磁辐射检测器，并且被配置为使一个或多个电磁辐射发射器发射光脉冲，同时还使一个或多个电磁辐射检测器检测与所发射的光脉冲相关的光吸收的水平，并且产生与血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的输出(852)。控制器可以被操作为使一个或多个辐射发射器以两个预定波长发射电磁辐射，诸如约660纳米的第一波长和约940纳米的第二波长，以第一波长开启，然后第二波长开启，然后两个波长关闭的循环模式(例如约每秒三十次)，以使得一个或多个电磁辐射检测器分别检测第一和第二波长(854)。控制器可以操作为计算第一波长光测量与第二波长光测量的比率，并且其中该比率至少部分地基于朗伯比尔定律经由查找表转换为血氧饱和度读数(856)。
在一个实施例中，采用由控制器(844)操作的软件完成大量的整体基于眼睛的脉冲血氧定量法活动，以使得定位血管(即，在巩膜、视网膜或其它眼睛/血管的组织结构内)的初始任务使用数字图像处理(诸如通过使用各种滤光器的颜色、灰度和/或强度阈值分析)进行，还可以使用图案和/或形状识别进行；软件和控制器可以被配置为使用目标血管的中心的强度和周围组织的强度以确定对比度/光密度；随着识别目标血管或其它结构，可以利用发射/检测和所检测的数据的处理(其可包括图像处理)来确定对比度；然后可以使用控制器(844)来计算密度比率(对比度)，并且根据如上所述的密度比率计算血氧饱和度。可以使用公式ODvessel＝-log10 (Iv/Ir)来计算两个或多个发射波长中的每一个处的血管光密度(“O.D.”)，其中，ODvessel是血管的光密度；Iv是血管强度；以及Ir是周围视网膜组织的强度。血氧饱和度(也称为“SO2”)可以计算为在两个波长处的血管光密度的线性比率(OD比率或“ODR”)，以使得SO2＝ODR＝OD第一波长/OD第二波长。
在一个实施例中，可以在视网膜血管血氧定量法中使用约570nm(对脱氧血红蛋白敏感)和约600nm(对氧合血红蛋白敏感)的波长，以使得SO2＝ODR＝OD600nm/OD550nm；这种公式不考虑通过校准系数调整比率。
在此描述了本发明的各种示例性实施例。在非限制性的意义上参考这些示例。提供这些示例是为了示出本发明的更广泛的应用方面。在不脱离本发明的实际精神和范围的情况下，可对所描述的本发明进行各种改变并可用等同物来替换。此外，可以进行很多修改以适应针对本发明的目的、精神或范围的特定情况、材料、物质的组合物、过程、的过程动作或步骤。进一步地，如本领域的技术人员所知道的，在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，在此描述和示出的每个单独的变形具有独立的组件和特征，其可容易地与其它若干实施例的任意一个的特征分离或组合。所有这些修改意在处于与本公开相关的权利要求的范围之内。
本发明包括可使用主体装置执行的方法。该方法可包括提供这种合适的装置的动作。这种提供可由终端用户执行。换言之，“提供”动作仅需要终端用户的获得、访问、处理、定位、设置、激活、通电或其它动作，以在该方法中提供必要的装置。在此所述的方法可按逻辑上可能的所述事件的任何顺序以及以所述的事件顺序来执行。
以上已经描述了本发明的示例性方面以及关于材料选择和制造的细节。对于本发明的其它细节，可结合以上参考的专利和出版物以及本领域的技术人员通常知道或理解的来理解。这在关于如通常或逻辑上采用的附加动作的方面，关于本发明的基于方法的方面同样成立。
此外，虽然已经参考可选地包括各种特征的若干示例描述了本发明，但是本发明并不限于被描述或表示为针对本发明的每个变形所预期的。在不脱离本发明的实际精神和范围的情况下，可以对所描述的本发明进行各种变化，并且可用等同(无论是本文所陈述的还是为了简洁的目的而未被包括的)来代替。此外，如果提供值的范围，则应当理解，在该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值和或者在该说明的范围中的任何其它中间值被包括在本发明之内。
此外，可预期的是，所描述的发明变形的任何可选特征可独立或结合在此描述的任何一个或多个特征来陈述和要求权利。引用单数项包括可能存在相同项的复数。更具体地，如在此和在相关的权利要求中所使用的，只要不具体说明，单数形式“一”、“所述”和“该”包括复数对象。换言之，在以上描述以及与本公开相关的权利要求中，冠词的使用允许“至少一个”目标项。还需要注意的是，可起草这种权利要求以排除任何可选元件。因此，该声明意在结合权利要求要素的表述而用作使用如“单独”、“仅”等这种排他性术语的先行基础，或者使用“否定”限制。
在不使用这种排他性术语的情况下，在与本公开相关的权利要求中的术语“包括”应允许包括任何其它要素，而不考虑给定数量的要素是否列举在这种权利要求中，或者添加特征可被视为变换在权利要求中所述的要素的性质。除了在此特别定义之外，在此所使用的全部科技术语应在维持权利要求有效的同时被提供尽可能款的通常理解的含义。
本发明并不限于所提供的示例和/或本说明书，而仅由与本公开相关的权利要求语言的范围限定。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于确定用户的血氧饱和度的系统，包括：
a.头戴式构件，可拆卸地耦接到所述用户的头部；
b.一个或多个电磁辐射发射器，耦接到所述头戴式构件并且被配置为沿着所述用户的至少一个眼睛的方向在可见光到红外光谱内发射具有至少两种不同波长的光；
c.一个或多个电磁辐射检测器，耦接到所述头戴式构件并且被配置为接收在遇到所述用户的所述眼睛的至少一个血管之后所反射的光；以及
d.控制器，可操作地耦接到所述一个或多个电磁辐射发射器和所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器，并且被配置为使所述一个或多个电磁辐射发射器发射光脉冲，同时还使所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器检测与所发射的光脉冲相关的光吸收的水平，并且产生与所述血管中的血氧饱和度成比例的输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述头戴式构件包括眼镜框架。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述眼镜框架是双目眼镜框架。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个辐射发射器包括发光二极管。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个辐射发射器包括被配置为以两种预定波长发射电磁辐射的多个发光二极管。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述多个发光二极管被配置为以约660纳米的第一波长以及约940纳米的第二波长发射电磁辐射。
7.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个辐射发射器被配置为以所述两种预定波长顺序地发射电磁辐射。
8.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个辐射发射器被配置为以所述两种预定波长同时地发射电磁辐射。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器包括从包括以下的组中选择的设备：光电二极管、光电检测器以及数码照相机传感器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器被定位和定向为接收在遇到所述用户的所述眼睛的视网膜的至少一个血管之后所反射的光。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器被定位和定向为接收在遇到所述用户的所述眼睛的巩膜的至少一个血管之后所反射的光。
12.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述控制器进一步被配置为使所述多个发光二级管发射第一波长开启，然后第二波长开启，然后两个波长关闭的循环模式，以使得所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器分别检测所述第一波长和所述第二波长。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中，所述控制器被配置为使所述多个发光二极管发射第一波长开启，然后第二波长开启，然后两个波长关闭的循环模式，以大约每秒三十次的循环脉冲模式。
14.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中，所述控制器被配置为计算第一波长光测量与第二波长光测量的比率，并且其中该比率至少部分地基于朗伯比尔定律经由查找表转换为血氧饱和度读数。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统，其中，所述控制器被配置为操作所述一个或多个电磁辐射发射器以及一个或多个电磁辐射检测器以用作头戴式脉冲血氧仪。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中，所述控制器可操作地耦接到光学元件，所述光学元件耦接到所述头戴式构件并且被所述用户可见，以使得与所述用户的所述血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的所述控制器的所述输出能够通过所述光学元件被所述用户看见。
17.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中，所述一个或多个电磁辐射检测器包括包含多个像素的数字图像传感器，并且其中所述控制器被配置为自动检测正在接收遇到所述用户的所述眼睛的至少一个血管之后所反射的光的像素的子集，并且使用该像素的子集产生与所述血管中的血氧饱和度水平成比例的所述输出。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述控制器被配置为至少部分地基于与所述像素相关联的信号之中的反射光亮度差异来自动检测所述像素的子集。
19.根据权利要求17所述的系统，其中，所述控制器被配置为至少部分地基于与所述像素相关联的信号之中的反射光吸收差异来自动检测所述像素的子集。
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