JP2016107632A - 積層体及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
積層体及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016107632A JP2016107632A JP2015220817A JP2015220817A JP2016107632A JP 2016107632 A JP2016107632 A JP 2016107632A JP 2015220817 A JP2015220817 A JP 2015220817A JP 2015220817 A JP2015220817 A JP 2015220817A JP 2016107632 A JP2016107632 A JP 2016107632A
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Abstract
Description
粘弾性体に正弦波形のひずみを印加したときの応力の応答は、複素弾性率として定義される。このとき、印加するひずみの正弦波と応答として得られる応力の正弦波の間には、位相のずれが生じ、この位相差はδで表される。また、複素弾性率は、複素数を用いた等式で表され、複素弾性率の実部は貯蔵弾性率、虚部は損失弾性率と呼ばれる。特に、せん断モードで粘弾性体の動的粘弾性特性を測定する場合は、それぞれを、複素せん断弾性率、せん断貯蔵弾性率、せん断損失弾性率と呼ぶ。損失弾性率を貯蔵弾性率で除したものは、損失正接と呼ばれ、tanδで表される。
前記樹脂としては特に限定されないが、例えば、成形性と遮音性を両立させる観点からは、熱可塑性エラストマーを用いることが好ましい。熱可塑性エラストマーとしては、特に制限はないが、例えば、ポリスチレン系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレンなど/ハードセグメント;ポリスチレン)、ポリオレフィン系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;エチレンプロピレンゴム/ハードセグメント;ポリプロピレン)、ポリ塩化ビニル系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;ポリ塩化ビニル/ハードセグメント;ポリ塩化ビニル)、ポリウレタン系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;ポリエーテル、ポリエステル/ハードセグメント;ポリウレタン)、ポリエステル系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;ポリエーテル/ハードセグメント;ポリエステル)、ポリアミド系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコールもしくはポリエステル系、ポリエーテル系/ハードセグメント;ポリアミド<ナイロン樹脂>)、ポリブタジエン系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;非晶性ブチルゴム/ハードセグメント;シンジオタクチック1、2−ポリブタジエン樹脂)、アクリル系エラストマー(ソフトセグメント;ポリアクリル酸エステル/ハードセグメント;ポリメタクリル酸メチル)などの熱可塑性エラストマーが挙げられる。これらの熱可塑性エラストマーは単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
(i)アルキルリチウム化合物を開始剤として用い、芳香族ビニル単量体、共役ジエン単量体、次いで芳香族ビニル単量体を逐次重合させる方法;
(ii)アルキルリチウム化合物を開始剤として用い、芳香族ビニル単量体、共役ジエン単量体を逐次重合させ、次いでカップリング剤を加えてカップリングする方法;
(iii)ジリチウム化合物を開始剤として用い、共役ジエン単量体、次いで芳香族ビニル単量体を逐次重合させる方法などが挙げられる。
A層には、その他の成分として、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、ブロッキング防止剤、顔料、染料、遮熱材料等が、必要に応じて添加されていてもよい。酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤としては、後述するB層に含有されるものが挙げられる。
本発明のB層は、本発明の積層体が、縦300mm、横25mm、厚さ1.9mmのフロートガラス2枚で該積層体を挟んだ際に、20℃で中央加振法により測定される4次共振周波数での損失係数が0.2以上かつISO16940(2008)に準じて算出される該4次共振周波数での曲げ剛性が150N・m以上であるように選択される。例えば、B層は前記規定を満たすような樹脂組成物からなるものが挙げられる。樹脂組成物の例としては、限定されるものではないが、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂若しくはアイオノマー樹脂やこれらを含有する組成物などが挙げられる。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の平均アセタール化度は40モル%以上であることが好ましく、90モル%以下であることが好ましい。平均アセタール化度が40モル%未満であると可塑剤などの溶剤との相溶性が好ましくない。平均アセタール化度が90モル%を超えると、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を得るための反応に長時間を要し、プロセス上好ましくないことがある。平均アセタール化度は60モル%以上であることがより好ましく、耐水性の観点から、65モル%以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、平均アセタール化度は85モル%以下であることが好ましく、80モル%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明のB層で用いられる可塑剤としては、特に制限はないが、一価カルボン酸エステル系、多価カルボン酸エステル系などのカルボン酸エステル系可塑剤;リン酸エステル系可塑剤、有機亜リン酸エステル系可塑剤などのほか、カルボン酸ポリエステル系、炭酸ポリエステル系、また、ポリアルキレングリコール系などの高分子可塑剤や、ひまし油などのヒドロキシカルボン酸と多価アルコールのエステル化合物;ヒドロキシカルボン酸と一価アルコールのエステル化合物などのヒドロキシカルボン酸エステル系可塑剤も使用することができる。
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、フェノール系酸化防止剤、リン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤などが挙げられ、これらの中でもフェノール系酸化防止剤が好ましく、アルキル置換フェノール系酸化防止剤が特に好ましい。
本発明の積層体の製造方法は特に限定されるものではなく、B層を構成する樹脂組成物を均一に混練した後、押出し法、カレンダー法、プレス法、キャスティング法、インフレーション法等、公知の製膜方法によりB層を作製し、また、同様の方法で、熱可塑性樹脂によりA層を作製し、これらをプレス成形等で積層させてもよいし、B層、A層およびその他必要な層を共押出法により成形してもよい。
本発明の積層体を合わせガラス用中間膜として用いることにより、遮音性、特に高周波領域での遮音性に優れる合わせガラスを得ることができる。そのため、本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜は、自動車用フロントガラス、自動車用サイドガラス、自動車用サンルーフ、自動車用リアガラス又はヘッドアップディスプレイ用ガラスなどに好適に用いることができる。本発明の積層体の構成を内部に有する合わせガラスが、ヘッドアップディスプレイ用ガラスに適用される場合、用いられる該積層体の断面形状は、一方の端面側が厚く、他方の端面側が薄い形状であることが好ましい。その場合、断面形状は、一方の端面側から他方の端面側に漸次的に薄くなるような、全体が楔形である形状であってもよいし、一方の端面から該端面と他方の端面の間の任意の位置までは同一の厚さで、該任意の位置から他方の端面まで漸次的に薄くなるような、断面の一部が楔形のものであってもよい。
本発明の合わせガラスは、従来から公知の方法で製造することが可能であり、例えば、真空ラミネータ装置を用いる方法、真空バッグを用いる方法、真空リングを用いる方法、ニップロールを用いる方法等が挙げられる。また、仮圧着後に、オートクレーブ工程に投入する方法も付加的に行なうことができる。
JIS K7244−10に基づいて、平行平板振動レオメータとして、円板の直径が8mmであるゆがみ制御型動的粘弾性装置(レオミックス社製、ARES)を用いた。下記の実施例・比較例で得られた積層体、A層の単層シート(厚さ0.76mm)およびB層の単層シート(厚さ0.76mm)をそれぞれ円板形状の試験シートとして用い、上記試験シートで2枚の平板間の隙間を完全に充填した。歪み量1.0%で、上記試験シートに1Hzの周波数で振動を与え、測定温度を−40〜100℃まで1℃/minの定速で昇温した。せん断損失弾性率及びせん断貯蔵弾性率の測定値に変化がなくなるまで、上記試験シートと円板の温度を保持した。測定された積層体、A層及びB層のせん断貯蔵弾性率、A層を構成する樹脂組成物(A層中のエラストマー)のtanδのピーク高さおよびピーク温度の結果を表1及び表2に示す。
市販のフロートガラス(縦300mm×横25mm×厚さ1.9mm)2枚に実施例・比較例で得られた各積層体を挟み、真空バック法(条件:30℃から160℃に60分間で昇温し、その後160℃で30分間保持)によって、合わせガラスを作製した。その後、機械インピーダンス装置(株式会社小野測器製;マスキャンセルアンプ:masscancelamplifierMA−5500;チャンネルデータステーション:DS−2100)における加振器(poweramplifier/model371−A)のインピーダンスヘッドに内蔵された加振力検出器の先端部に、上記合わせガラスの中央部を固定した。20℃において、周波数0〜10000Hzの範囲で上記合わせガラスの中央部に振動を与え、この点の加振力と加速度波形を検出することで、中央加振法による合わせガラスのダンピング試験を行った。得られた加振力と、加速度信号を積分して得られた速度信号を基に、加振点(振動を加えた合わせガラスの中央部)の機械インピーダンスを求め、横軸を周波数、縦軸を機械インピーダンスとして得られるインピーダンス曲線において、ピークを示す周波数と半値幅から、合わせガラスの損失係数を求めた。さらに4次共振周波数および該4次共振周波数における損失係数を用い、ISO16940(2008)に準じて該4次共振周波数における曲げ剛性を算出した。また4次共振周波数における損失係数および曲げ剛性を用い、ISO16940(2008)に準じて6300Hz、8000Hz、10000Hzにおける音響透過損失を算出した。4次共振周波数および4次共振周波数における損失係数の測定結果、4次共振周波数における曲げ剛性、および6300Hz、8000Hz、10000Hzにおける音響透過損失の計算結果を表1及び表2に示す。
市販のフロートガラス(縦26mm×横76mm×厚さ2.8mm)2枚に実施例・比較例で得られた各積層体を挟み、真空バック法(条件:30℃から160℃に60分間で昇温し、その後160℃で30分間保持)によって、合わせガラスを作製した。その後、分光光度計U−4100(株式会社日立ハイテクサイエンス製)を用いて、紫外可視近赤外領域の波長透過率を測定した。なお、測定温度は20℃で行った。波長1500nmにおける透過率の測定結果は表1及び表2に示す。
市販のフロートガラス(縦1100mm×横1300mm×厚さ3.2mm)2枚に実施例・比較例で得られた各積層体を挟み、真空ラミネータ(日清紡メカトロニクス株式会社製1522N)を用いて以下の条件で合わせガラスを作製した。用いた積層体のラミネート適性を以下の基準により判定した。ラミネート適性の評価結果は表1及び表2に示す。
<条件>熱板温度:165℃真空引き時間:12分プレス圧力:50kPaプレス時間:17分
<判断基準>
A:気泡などの外観上の欠点はなく、密着良好
B:気泡などの外観上の欠点がわずかに見られるが、密着性に問題がない
C:気泡などの外観上の欠点が見られるが、密着性に問題がない
D:気泡などの外観上の欠点が見られ、密着不良
E:気泡などの外観上の欠点が合わせガラス全体にみられ、密着不良
市販のフロートガラス(縦50mm×横300mm×厚さ2.8mm)2枚に実施例・比較例で得られた各積層体を挟み、真空バック法(条件:30℃から160℃に60分間で昇温し、その後160℃で30分間保持)によって、合わせガラスを作製した。その後、機械インピーダンス装置(株式会社小野測器製;マスキャンセルアンプ:masscancelamplifierMA−5500;チャンネルデータステーション:DS−2100)における加振器(poweramplifier/model371−A)のインピーダンスヘッドに内蔵された加振力検出器の先端部に、上記合わせガラスの中央部を固定した。周波数0〜8000Hzの範囲で上記合わせガラスの中央部に振動を与え、この点の加振力と加速度波形を検出することで、中央加振法による合わせガラスのダンピング試験を行った。得られた加振力と、加速度信号を積分して得られた速度信号を基に、加振点(振動を加えた合わせガラスの中央部)の機械インピーダンスを求め、横軸を周波数、縦軸を機械インピーダンスとして得られるインピーダンス曲線において、ピークを示す周波数と半値幅から、合わせガラスの損失係数を求めた。中央加振法によるダンピング測定では一定温度下での周波数に対する損失係数の値が得られる。最大損失係数を得るためには温度を0℃、10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃、50℃と振った測定を実施し、得られた値から周波数一定下での温度に対する損失係数の線形を得て、この線形のうち、最大となる点を最大損失係数とした。最大損失係数の測定結果は表1及び表2に示す。
市販のフロートガラス(縦26mm×横76mm×厚さ2.8mm)2枚に実施例・比較例で得られた各積層体を挟み、真空バック法(条件:30℃から160℃に60分間で昇温し、その後160℃で30分間保持)によって、合わせガラスを作製した。その後、オ−トグラフAG−5000Bを用いて合わせガラスの3点曲げ試験を実施し、温度20℃、フィルム支点間距離55mmでの合わせガラスの破断強度を測定した。なお、試験速度は0.25mm/minで行った。破断強度の測定結果は表1及び表2に示す。
A層にはスチレン単位20質量%、イソプレン単位80質量%を含有する、tanδのピーク高さが最大となるピークの温度が−5.2℃(1Hzの周波数で振動を与え、測定温度を−40〜100℃まで1℃/minの定速で昇温した場合の値)の直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体(水添率88%、重量平均分子量112,000)を、B層には粘度平均重合度約1700、アセタール化度70モル%、ビニルアセテート単位の含有量0.9モル%のポリビニルブチラール樹脂100質量部に対して、可塑剤として株式会社クラレ製のポリエステルポリオール「クラレポリオールP−510」15質量部からなる組成物を用いた。
B層の可塑剤「クラレポリオールP−510」の含有量を表1に示す量に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。
A層の膜厚を100μmとし、B層の膜厚を325μmとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。
A層の膜厚を380μmとし、B層の膜厚を190μmとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。
A層において、実施例1で用いた直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体の代わりに、スチレン単位18質量%、イソプレン単位およびブタジエン単位(イソプレン:ブタジエン(質量比)=89:11)82質量%を含有する、tanδのピーク高さが最大となるピークの温度が−10.3℃(1Hzの周波数で振動を与え、測定温度を−40〜100℃まで1℃/minの定速で昇温した場合の値)の直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン/ブタジエン・スチレントリブロック共重合体(水添率89%、重量平均分子量121,500)をエラストマーとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。
A層において、実施例1で用いた直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体の代わりに、スチレン単位16質量%、イソプレン単位およびブタジエン単位(イソプレン:ブタジエン(質量比)=78:22)を含有するtanδのピーク高さが最大となるピークの温度が−15.2℃(1Hzの周波数で振動を与え、測定温度を−40〜100℃まで1℃/minの定速で昇温した場合の値)の直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体(水添率90%、重量平均分子量131,000)をエラストマーとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。
B層の可塑剤「クラレポリオールP−510」の含有量を表1に示す量に変更し、A層の膜厚を100μmとし、B層の膜厚を325μmとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。
B層として、アイオノマーフィルム(デュポン社製、SentryGlas(R) Interlayer)を用い、A層の膜厚を100μmとし、B層の膜厚を325μmとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。
直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体100質量部に対してセシウム含有複合酸化タングステン0.75質量部を添加してA層を成形した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表1に示す。なお、セシウム含有複合酸化タングステンは、住友金属鉱山株式会社製、YMDS−874を用いた。
A層において、実施例1で用いた直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体の代わりに、スチレン単位12質量%、イソプレン単位及びブタジエン単位(イソプレン:ブタジエン(モル比)=55:45)88質量%を含有するtanδのピーク高さが最大となるピークの温度が−22.6℃(1Hzの周波数で振動を与え、測定温度を−40〜100℃まで1℃/minの定速で昇温した場合の値)の直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン/ブタジエン・スチレントリブロック共重合体(水添率92%、重量平均分子量150,000)をエラストマーとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表2に示す。
A層において、実施例1で用いた直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体の代わりに、スチレン単位12質量%、イソプレン単位及びブタジエン単位(イソプレン:ブタジエン(モル比)=55:45)88質量%を含有するtanδのピーク高さが最大となるピークの温度が−22.6℃(1Hzの周波数で振動を与え、測定温度を−40〜100℃まで1℃/minの定速で昇温した場合の値)の直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレントリブロック共重合体(水添率92%、重量平均分子量150,000)をエラストマーとして用い、また、A層の膜厚を100μmとし、B層の膜厚を325μmとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表2に示す。
A層として、直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレンブロック共重合体に代えて、粘度平均重合度1700、アセタール化度70モル%、ビニルアセテート単位の含有量0.9モル%のポリビニルブチラール樹脂と、該ポリビニルブチラール樹脂100質量部に対して60質量部の「クラレポリオールP−510」を含有する組成物からなる層を用い、B層として、粘度平均重合度1700、アセタール化度70モル%、ビニルアセテート単位の含有量0.9モル%のポリビニルブチラール樹脂と、該ポリビニルブチラール樹脂100質量部に対して60質量部の「クラレポリオールP−510」を含有する組成物からなる層を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表2に示す。
A層として、直鎖状水添スチレン・イソプレンブロック共重合体に代えて、粘度平均重合度1700、アセタール化度70モル%、ビニルアセテート単位の含有量0.9モル%のポリビニルブチラール樹脂と、該ポリビニルブチラール樹脂100質量部に対して15質量部の「クラレポリオールP−510」を含有する組成物からなる層を用い、B層として、粘度平均重合度1700、アセタール化度70モル%、ビニルアセテート単位の含有量0.9モル%のポリビニルブチラール樹脂と、該ポリビニルブチラール樹脂100質量部に対して15質量部の「クラレポリオールP−510」を含有する組成物からなる層を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて単層シート及び積層体を作製し、物性評価を行った。物性評価の結果は表2に示す。
2a B層
2b B層
Claims (19)
- JIS K 7244−10に準じて周波数1Hzの条件で複素せん断粘度試験を行うことで測定されるtanδが最大となるピークを−40〜30℃の範囲に有する樹脂組成物からなるA層と、複数のB層とを有する積層体であって、少なくとも二つのB層の間にA層が積層され、縦300mm、横25mm、厚さ1.9mmのフロートガラス2枚で該積層体を挟んだ際に、20℃で中央加振法により測定される4次共振周波数での損失係数が0.2以上かつISO16940(2008)に準じて算出される該4次共振周波数での曲げ剛性が150N・m以上である積層体。
- B層のJIS K 7244−10に準じて周波数1Hzで複素せん断粘度試験を行うことで測定される温度25℃におけるせん断貯蔵弾性率が、10.0MPa以上である、請求項1に記載の積層体。
- A層のJIS K 7244−10に準じて周波数1Hzで複素せん断粘度試験を行うことで測定される温度25℃におけるせん断貯蔵弾性率が、0.6〜3.0MPaである、請求項1又は2に記載の積層体。
- B層の厚さの合計に対するA層の厚さの合計の比(A層の厚さの合計/B層の厚さの合計)が、1/30〜1/1の範囲にある、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- B層がポリビニルアセタール樹脂またはアイオノマー樹脂を含有する層からなる、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- B層中の可塑剤の含有量が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100質量部に対して50質量部以下である、請求項5に記載の積層体。
- A層を構成する前記樹脂組成物が、JIS K 7244−10に準じて周波数1Hzの条件で複素せん断粘度試験を行うことで測定されるtanδが最大となるピークを−40〜30℃の範囲に有する樹脂を含有する、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記樹脂組成物に含有される前記樹脂が熱可塑性エラストマーである、請求項7に記載の積層体。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマーがブロック共重合体である、請求項8に記載の積層体。
- 前記ブロック共重合体が少なくとも一つのハードセグメントおよび少なくとも一つのソフトセグメントを有するものであり、ブロック共重合体におけるハードセグメントの含有量が、ブロック共重合体の全量に対して5〜40質量%である、請求項9に記載の積層体。
- 前記ブロック共重合体が少なくとも一つの芳香族ビニル重合体ブロックおよび少なくとも一つの脂肪族不飽和炭化水素重合体ブロックを有するブロック共重合体である、請求項9又は10に記載の積層体。
- 前記ブロック共重合体における芳香族ビニル単量体単位の含有量が、ブロック共重合体中の全単量体単位に対して5〜40質量%である、請求項11に記載の積層体。
- 前記樹脂組成物のtanδが最大となるピークの高さが0.5以上であるA層を有する、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 遮熱材料を含み、合わせガラスを作製したときに、波長1500nmにおける透過率が50%以下となる、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 前記遮熱材料をA層又はB層の少なくともいずれか一層に含む、請求項14に記載の積層体。
- 前記遮熱材料として、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子、アンチモンドープ酸化錫微粒子、アンチモン酸亜鉛微粒子、六ホウ化ランタン微粒子、金属元素複合酸化タングステン微粒子、フタロシアニン化合物、およびナフタロシアニン化合物からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を含む、請求項14又は15に記載の積層体。
- JIS K 7244−10に準じて周波数1Hzの条件で複素せん断粘度試験を行うことで測定される温度25℃におけるせん断貯蔵弾性率が1.30MPa以上となる、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の積層体。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の積層体の構成を内部に有する合わせガラス。
- 自動車用フロントガラス、自動車用サイドガラス、自動車用サンルーフ、自動車用リアガラス又はヘッドアップディスプレイ用ガラスである、請求項18に記載の合わせガラス。
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