JP5788831B2 - 補酵素q10の製造方法 - Google Patents
補酵素q10の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5788831B2 JP5788831B2 JP2012094126A JP2012094126A JP5788831B2 JP 5788831 B2 JP5788831 B2 JP 5788831B2 JP 2012094126 A JP2012094126 A JP 2012094126A JP 2012094126 A JP2012094126 A JP 2012094126A JP 5788831 B2 JP5788831 B2 JP 5788831B2
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- Prior art keywords
- coenzyme
- reduced coenzyme
- genus
- cells
- oxidized
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- 229940110767 coenzyme Q10 Drugs 0.000 title 1
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Description
さらに詳しくは、還元型補酵素Q10生産性微生物を培養することによって、還元型補酵素Q10を全補酵素Q10のうち70モル%以上の比率で含有する微生物細胞を得、必要に応じて該微生物細胞を破砕し、生産された還元型補酵素Q10を回収する、還元型補酵素Q10の製造方法に関する。
また、前記微生物細胞又は該細胞破砕物を酸化処理に付した後に酸化型補酵素Q10を回収するか、或いは、前記微生物細胞又は該細胞破砕物から還元型補酵素Q10を回収した後に酸化処理に付す、酸化型補酵素Q10の製造方法にも関する。
さらに、還元型補酵素Q10は抗酸化剤、ラジカルスカベンジャーとしても有効であり、アール・ストッカー(R.Stocker)らは、還元型補酵素Q10がヒトLDLの過酸化をα−トコフェロール、リコペンやβ−カロチンより効率的に防止したことを報告している(非特許文献1)。
2)シュードモナス属菌体を、水酸化ナトリウム及びピロガロールの存在下に、有機溶剤で加熱抽出した後、5%ハイドロサルファイトソーダ水で処理し、さらに脱水濃縮してアセトン可溶部を採取することにより、還元型補酵素Q10を含む油状物を取得した例(特許文献4)。
上記2)は、ヘキサン相中に含まれる酸化型補酵素Q10を還元剤であるハイドロサルファイトソーダで還元型補酵素Q10に変換する操作(特許文献5の実施例3を参照)を含んでおり、微生物細胞中の、全補酵素Q10中の還元型補酵素Q10の比率は明らかでない。
また、上記1)及び2)においては、培養における補酵素Qの生産量は記載されていない。
1)微生物増殖液を必要に応じて濃縮し、当該増殖液10容量部をネジ口試験管(内径16.5mm、全長130mm)に移し、ガラスビーズ(425〜600ミクロン;SIGMA社製)10容量部を加える。
2)窒素雰囲気下、該増殖液10容量部に対してイソプロパノール3容量部及びn−ヘキサン18.5容量部を加える。
3)窒素雰囲気下、3分間激しく振とうすることにより、微生物細胞の破砕及び抽出を行う。
4)得られた疎水性有機溶剤相(n−ヘキサン相)を減圧下にエバポレート(バス温:40℃)し、HPLCにより分析する。
カラム:YMC−Pack4.6×250mm(YMC.Co.,Ltd.製)
移動相:メタノール/n−ヘキサン=85/15
流速:1mL/min
検出:UV275nm
保持時間:還元型補酵素Q10 13.5min
酸化型補酵素Q10 22.0min
上記測定方法は、得られた結果が還元型補酵素Q10含有量及び全補酵素Q10中の還元型補酵素Q10比率を極力正しく反映するように、且つ、最低限保証しうる還元型補酵素Q10含有量及び比率を標準化するために与えられる。この方法は、本発明者らの幾つかの実験により、実施するのが容易且つ適切な方法であることが見出されたものである。
培養の容易さや生産性の観点からは、細菌(好ましくは非光合成細菌)及び酵母が好ましく、例えば、細菌ではアグロバクテリウム(Agrobacterium)属、グルコノバクター(Gluconobacter)属等が、酵母ではシゾサッカロミセス(Schizosaccharomyces)属、サイトエラ(Saitoella)属等が挙げられる。
好ましくは、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、スクシノニトリル、ブチロニトリル、イソブチロニトリル、バレロニトリル、シアノ酢酸メチル、シアノ酢酸エチル、ベンゾニトリル、トルニトリル、クロロプロピオニトリルであり、より好ましくは、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリル、イソブチロニトリルであり、最も好ましくは、アセトニトリルである。
下記表1〜3の各種補酵素Q10生産性微生物を、試験管(内径21mm、全長200mm)を用いて、10mLの培地[(グルコース20g、ペプトン5g、酵母エキス3g、マルトエキス3g)/L、pH6.0]中で25℃、72時間振とう培養(振幅2cm、310往復/分)し、得られた増殖液を必要に応じ濃縮し、窒素雰囲気下、該増殖液10容量部に対してイソプロパノール3容量部及びn−ヘキサン18.5容量部の共存下に、ガラスビーズ(425〜600ミクロン)10容量部を用いて、3分間激しく振とうして細胞の破砕及び抽出を行った。得られたヘキサン相を減圧下にエバポレートし(40℃)、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)で分析して、還元型補酵素Q10比率、並びに、還元型補酵素Q10生産量を調べた。
カラム:YMC−Pack4.6×250mm(YMC.Co.,Ltd.製)
移動相:メタノール/n−ヘキサン=85/15
流速:1mL/分
検出:UV275nm
ロドトルラ・グルティニス(Rhodotorula glutinis)IFO1125を培地(ペプトン5g、酵母エキス3g、マルトエキス3g、グルコース20g/L、pH6.0)で好気的に25℃で48時間培養した。培養後の菌体を遠心分離により集菌し、N−メチル−N′−ニトロ−N−ニトロソグアニジンを200μg/mLの濃度になるように添加したpH7のリン酸緩衝液に懸濁した。25℃で1時間後、菌体を0.9%NaCl溶液で5回洗浄し、さらに0.9%NaCl溶液に再懸濁した。この細胞懸濁液を適度に希釈し、上記培地の寒天プレートにコロニーを形成させた。単離した変異株の還元型補酵素Q10の生産量及び還元型補酵素Q10の比率を実施例1と同様にして調べた。野生株と比較して生産量、還元型補酵素Q10の比率が高い株についてはさらに変異操作を繰り返した。その結果、10回の変異を繰り返すことにより、15μg/mL以上の生産能を示す変異株を得た。なお、この時の還元型補酵素Q10の比率は80モル%以上であった。
サイトエラ・コンプリカタ(Saitoella complicata)IFO10748を培地(ペプトン5g、酵母エキス3g、マルトエキス3g、グルコース20g/L、pH6.0)で好気的に25℃で72時間10L培養した。得られた菌体を、窒素ガスで密閉したラニー社製圧力式ホモジナイザーにより破砕圧力80MPaで2回破砕し、菌体破砕液を調製した。この菌体破砕液からイソプロパノール30容量部、ヘキサン40容量部の割合で抽出を3回繰り返すことにより、抽出液を得た。抽出率は99%であり、還元型補酵素Q10の比率は97モル%であった。
ロドトルラ・グルティニス(Rhodotorula glutinis)IFO1125の変異株を培地10L(ペプトン10g、酵母エキス5g、マルトエキス3g、グルコース20g/L、pH6.0)で25℃で好気的に培養する際に、48時間後よりグルコースを4g/時間の割合で96時間目までに流加した(流加グルコース量190g)。培地あたりの還元型補酵素Q10の生産量は20μg/mL以上であり、還元型補酵素Q10の比率は80モル%以上であった。
実施例3で得られた抽出液をヘキサン溶液に置換し、シリカゲルを充填したカラムに吸着させ、n−ヘキサン/ジエチルエーテル(9/1)溶液で展開、溶出して、還元型補酵素Q10を含む画分を得た。さらに、本画分を攪拌しながら2℃まで冷却し、白色のスラリーを得た。以上すべての操作は窒素雰囲気下で行った。得られたスラリーを減圧ろ過し、湿結晶を上記展開液で洗浄し(洗浄に用いた溶媒の温度は2℃)、湿結晶を減圧乾燥(20〜40℃、1〜30mmHg)することにより、白色の乾燥結晶81mgを得た。得られた結晶の純度は99.9%、還元型補酵素Q10の比率は90モル%であった。
実施例3で得られた抽出液をn−ヘキサンに置換し、二酸化マンガンを50mg加え、30℃で30分間攪拌した。この反応液を分取し、実施例5と同様にして精製すると高純度の酸化型補酵素Q10が74mg得られた。
サイトエラ・コンプリカタ(Saitoella complicata)IFO10748を培地(ペプトン5g、酵母エキス3g、マルトエキス3g、グルコース20g/L、pH6.0)で25℃、72時間好気的に500mL培養した。得られた菌体を、窒素ガスで密閉したラニー社製圧力式ホモジナイザーにより破砕圧力80MPaで2回破砕し、菌体破砕液を調製した。破砕液中の還元型補酵素Q10の割合は、酸化型も含めた全補酵素Q10に対し、97%であった。この菌体破砕液200mLに対し、イソプロパノール及びn−ヘキサンを、下記表4中の1回目抽出の欄で示す比率で、溶剤量の合計が500mLとなるよう混合し、温度40℃で30分間攪拌し、第1回目の抽出操作を行った。抽出終了後、10分間静置し、分離した上層を分離した。このときのトータル液量に対する下層(残渣)の容量比を、分離性の指標とし、界面位置として表4中に示した。
サイトエラ・コンプリカタ(Saitoella complicata)IFO10748を培地(ペプトン5g、酵母エキス3g、マルトエキス3g、グルコース20g/L、pH6.0)で25℃、72時間好気的に750L培養した。得られた菌体を、窒素ガスで密閉したラニー社製圧力式ホモジナイザーにより破砕圧力140MPaで2回破砕し、菌体破砕液を調製した。この菌体破砕液を、図1に示す向流3段連続抽出装置にて連続抽出を行った。攪拌槽の容量は630L、静置分離槽の容量は200Lとした。微生物菌体破砕液を第1段攪拌槽へ、イソプロパノールとn−ヘキサンを各段へ供給した。菌体破砕液の供給液量は2L/分、イソプロパノール及びn−ヘキサンの供給量は、各段への供給量を合計した総量として、イソプロパノール1.3L/分、n−ヘキサン3.7L/分とした。ただし、この際、各段の溶剤濃度は、イソプロパノール濃度5〜50v/v%、n−ヘキサン濃度25〜65v/v%の範囲となるように適宜調整した。抽出は温度40℃で、処理時間は6時間とした。6時間目の時点での、3段目の静置分離槽の抽出残渣中に残る還元型補酵素Q10の量より、菌体破砕液から抽出された還元型補酵素Q10の回収率を計算したところ、98.9%となった。また、全運転期間を通じ、静置分離は良好に行われ、安定した抽出の連続操作が可能であった。
Claims (13)
- 下記式(II);
(a)炭素源、窒素源、リン源及び微量栄養素を含んでなる培地中で、還元型補酵素Q10生産性微生物を培養することによって、還元型補酵素Q10を全補酵素Q10のうち70モル%以上の比率で含有する微生物細胞を得、
(b)酸化剤を用いて生産された還元型補酵素Q10を酸化して酸化型補酵素Q10に変換した後にこれを有機溶剤で抽出するか、或いは、
(c)生産された還元型補酵素Q10を有機溶剤で抽出し、酸化剤を用いて還元型補酵素Q10を酸化して酸化型補酵素Q10に変換することからなり、
微生物が、ロドバクター(Rhodobacter)属、サイトエラ(Saitoella)属、シゾサッカロミセス(Schizosaccharomyces)属、又は、トリコスポロン(Trichosporon)属の微生物である
ことを特徴とする酸化型補酵素Q10の製造方法。 - 微生物が、サイトエラ(Saitoella)属、シゾサッカロミセス(Schizosaccharomyces)属、又は、トリコスポロン(Trichosporon)属の微生物である請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 抽出に際して、微生物細胞を破砕する請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 抽出した還元型補酵素Q10に精製処理を施す、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 細胞の破砕は、物理的処理、化学的処理、酵素的処理、加熱処理、自己消化、浸透圧溶解、又は、原形質溶解により行われる請求項3記載の製造方法。
- 細胞の破砕は、物理的処理により行われる請求項5記載の製造方法。
- 物理的処理は、高圧ホモジナイザー、超音波ホモジナイザー、フレンチプレス又はボールミルにより行われる請求項6記載の製造方法。
- 補酵素Q10の抽出は、微生物細胞又は該細胞破砕物の湿菌体又は乾燥菌体から、親水性有機溶剤を用いて行われる請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 補酵素Q10の抽出は、微生物細胞又は該細胞破砕物の水性懸濁液から、疎水性有機溶剤を用いて行われる請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 還元型補酵素Q10生産性微生物は、試験管(内径21mm、全長200mm)を用いて、10mLの培地[(グルコース20g、ペプトン5g、酵母エキス3g、マルトエキス3g)/L、pH6.0]中で25℃、72時間振とう培養(振幅2cm、310往復/分)し、窒素雰囲気下、該増殖液10容量部に対してイソプロパノール3容量部及びn−ヘキサン18.5容量部の共存下に、ガラスビーズ(425〜600ミクロン)10容量部を用いて、3分間激しく振とうして破砕することにより調製した疎水性有機溶剤相(n−ヘキサン相)についてHPLCにより測定した場合に、還元型補酵素Q10を全補酵素Q10のうち70モル%以上の比率で含有するものである請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 振とう培養後に得られた増殖液を濃縮する工程を含む請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 得られた酸化型補酵素Q10を、晶析を行って、酸化型補酵素Q10結晶を得る請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 酸化型補酵素Q10を精製する工程を含む請求項12に記載の製造方法。
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