JP5883857B2 - 化学反応および化合物の検出および測定のためのトランジスタ回路 - Google Patents
化学反応および化合物の検出および測定のためのトランジスタ回路 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、先の出願、2010年6月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/360,493号、2010年7月1日に出願された米国仮出願第61/360,495号、2010年7月3日に出願された米国仮出願第61/361,403号、および2010年7月17日に出願された米国仮出願第61/365,327号に対する優先権の恩典を主張する。すべての開示は、それらの全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
電子装置および構成部品は、特に、様々な化学的反応および生体反応の検出および測定、ならびに各種化合物の識別、検出および測定のために、化学および生物学(より一般には「生命科学」)において多数の応用を見出した。このような電子装置の1つは、イオン感応性電界効果トランジスタと称され、「ISFET」(またはpHFET)として、関連文献においてしばしば示されている。ISFETは、溶液の水素イオン濃度(一般的に「pH」として示される)の測定を容易にするために、主として学術的な研究コミュニティにおいて、従来より調査されている。
以下に、本発明の基本的な諸特徴および種々の態様を列挙する。
[1]
化学的感応性トランジスタ(ChemFET)である唯一のトランジスタと、
唯一の行ラインと、
唯一の列ラインと
を備える、化学的検出画素。
[2]
前記化学的感応性トランジスタが、フローティングゲートを有する電界効果トランジスタである、[1]に記載の化学的検出画素。
[3]
前記化学的感応性電界効果トランジスタのドレインが、前記行ラインに連結され、前記化学的感応性トランジスタのソースが、前記列ラインに連結される、[2]に記載の化学的検出画素。
[4]
前記ChemFETのドレインが、前記列ラインに連結され、前記ChemFETのソースが、前記行ラインに連結される、[2]に記載の化学的検出画素。
[5]
前記ChemFETが、固定電圧に連結された該ChemFETのドレインと、電流源を介して接地された該ChemFETのソースとを有する、ソースフォロワモードで構成され、該ChemFETの該ソースが出力線に連結される、[2]に記載の化学的検出画素。
[6]
化学的感応性トランジスタ(ChemFET)である唯一のトランジスタ;唯一の行ライン;および唯一の列ラインをそれぞれが備える、複数の化学的感応性画素と、
読み出しスイッチと
を備える、化学的検出画素アレイであって、
該ChemFETが、フローティングゲートを有する電界効果トランジスタであり、かつ
該ChemFETのドレインが該行ラインに連結され、該ChemFETのソースが該列ラインに連結される、化学的検出画素アレイ。
[7]
前記読み出しスイッチが、列読み出しスイッチである、[6]に記載の化学的検出画素アレイ。
[8]
前記列読み出しスイッチが、前記アレイ内の画素の列を接地するための第1のスイッチを備える、[7]に記載の化学的検出画素アレイ。
[9]
前記列読み出しスイッチが、前記アレイ内の画素の列を基準電圧にプリチャージするための第1のスイッチを含む、[7]に記載の化学的検出画素アレイ。
[10]
化学的感応性トランジスタ(ChemFET)である唯一のトランジスタ;唯一の行ライン;および唯一の列ラインをそれぞれが備える、複数の化学的感応性画素と、
読み出しスイッチと
を備える、化学的検出画素アレイであって、
該ChemFETが、フローティングゲートを有する電界効果トランジスタであり、かつ
該ChemFETのドレインが該列ラインに連結され、該ChemFETのソースが該行ラインに連結される、化学的検出画素アレイ。
[11]
前記読み出しスイッチが、列読み出しスイッチである、[10]に記載の化学的検出画素アレイ。
[12]
前記列読み出しスイッチが、前記アレイ内の画素の列を接地するための第1のスイッチを備える、[10]に記載の化学的検出画素アレイ。
[13]
複数の画素を備える、画素アレイであって、
各画素が、
フローティングゲートと、固定電圧ラインに連結されたソースとを有する、唯一の化学的感応性電界効果トランジスタ(ChemFET);および
該ChemFETのドレインに連結されたカスコードデバイス
を備え、
該カスコードデバイスが、該ChemFETのドレイン・ゲート間寄生容量を打ち消すように構成される、画素アレイ。
[14]
前記カスコードデバイスが、ChemFETでない第2のトランジスタを備える、[13]に記載の画素アレイ。
[15]
前記第2のトランジスタが、バイアス電圧に連結されたゲートと、前記ChemFETの前記ドレインに連結されたソースと、電流源を介して固定電圧ラインに連結されたドレインとを有する、[14]に記載の画素アレイ。
[16]
複数の画素を備える、画素アレイであって、
各画素が、
フローティングゲートと、固定電圧ラインに連結されたソースとを有する、唯一の化学的感応性電界効果トランジスタ(ChemFET);および
該画素アレイに連結されたカスコードデバイス
を備え、
該カスコードデバイスが、該ChemFETの利得を制御するように構成される、画素アレイ。
[17]
前記カスコードデバイスが、バイアス電圧ラインに連結されたゲートを有する非ChemFETトランジスタと、前記画素アレイ内の列の末端における前記ChemFETのドレインに連結されたソースと、電流源を介して固定電圧ラインに連結されたドレインとを備える、[16]に記載の画素アレイ。
[18]
唯一の化学的感応性トランジスタと、
唯一の非化学的感応性トランジスタを備える選択装置と
を備える、化学的感応性画素。
[19]
前記選択装置が行選択装置である、[18]に記載の化学的感応性画素。
[20]
前記化学的感応性トランジスタがイオン感応性電界効果トランジスタ(ISFET)である、[18]に記載の化学的感応性画素。
[21]
複数の化学的感応性画素を備える、化学的感応性画素アレイであって、
各画素が、
唯一の化学的感応性電界効果トランジスタ(ChemFET)と、
唯一の非化学的感応性トランジスタを備える選択装置と
を備える、化学的感応性画素アレイ。
[22]
複数の前記ChemFETが、共通ドレインを共有する、[21]に記載の化学的感応性画素アレイ。
[23]
複数の前記ChemFETが、複数対のChemFETを備え、かつ各対のChemFETが共通ドレインを共有する、[21]に記載の化学的感応性画素アレイ。
[24]
複数の前記ChemFETが、複数対のChemFETを備え、かつ各対のChemFETがソース接地を共有する、[21]に記載の化学的感応性画素アレイ。
[25]
化学的感応性画素アレイに連結された入力線と、
第1の電荷ポンプと、
出力線と
を備える、回路であって、
該化学的感応性画素アレイが複数の化学的感応性画素を備え、各画素が化学的感応性トランジスタを備える、回路。
[26]
前記複数の化学的感応性画素の各画素が、1トランジスタ画素である、[25]に記載の回路。
[27]
前記複数の化学的感応性画素の各画素が、2トランジスタ画素である、[25]に記載の回路。
[28]
以下のステップを含む、方法:
化学的感応性画素アレイに入力線を連結するステップであって、該アレイが複数の化学的感応性画素を備え、各画素が化学的感応性トランジスタを備える、ステップ;および
該入力線と出力線との間に第1の電荷ポンプを設けるステップ。
[29]
前記複数の化学的感応性画素の各画素が、1トランジスタ画素である、[28]に記載の方法。
[30]
前記複数の化学的感応性画素の各画素が、2トランジスタ画素である、[28]に記載の方法。
[31]
以下のステップを含む、出力線を有する化学的感応性画素アレイに連結された電荷ポンプを操作する方法であって、該アレイが複数の化学的感応性画素を備え、各画素が化学的感応性トランジスタを備える、前記方法:
第1の位相信号を受信するステップと、
該第1の位相信号を受信するステップに応答して、複数のコンデンサを並列配置に接続するステップであって、該複数のコンデンサ各々の1つの端子が、該化学的感応性画素アレイの該出力線に連結される、ステップと、
第2の位相信号を受信するステップと、
該第2の位相信号を受信するステップに応答して、該複数のコンデンサを直列配置に再接続するステップであって、該直列配置の末端におけるコンデンサの1つの端子が、該化学的感応性画素アレイの該出力線に連結され、前記直列配置の末端における前記1つのリードコンデンサは、前記複数のコンデンサの他のいずれにも接続されない、ステップ。
[32]
前記第1の位相信号および第2の位相信号は、前記電荷ポンプに連結されたタイミング回路により生成される、[31]に記載の方法。
[33]
読み出し回路と、
IS電極と、
前記IS電極に電荷結合された少なくとも2つの電極と、
該読み出し回路に連結される、電荷−電圧変換のためのフローティングディフュージョンノードと
を備える、イオン感応性(IS)蓄積画素回路。
[34]
前記少なくとも2つの電極のうちの1つが、電荷パケットのための障壁として機能する基準電極である、[33]に記載のIS蓄積画素回路。
[35]
前記少なくとも2つの電極のうちの1つが、電荷パケットのためのウェルとして機能する基準電極である、[33]に記載のIS蓄積画素回路。
[36]
前記読み出し回路が、前記フローティングディフュージョンノードおよび第1の列ラインの両方に連結されたソースと第2の列ラインに連結されたドレインとを有する唯一のトランジスタを備える、[33]に記載のIS蓄積画素回路。
[37]
少なくとも2つのIS蓄積画素回路を備える、画素アレイであって、各IS蓄積画素回路が、
読み出し回路と、
IS電極と、
該IS電極に電荷結合された少なくとも2つの電極と、
該読み出し回路に連結される、電荷−電圧変換のためのフローティングディフュージョンノードと
を備える、画素アレイ。
[38]
前記読み出し回路が、前記フローティングディフュージョンノードおよび第1の列ラインの両方に連結されたソースと、第2の列ラインに連結されたドレインとを有する、唯一のトランジスタを備える、[37]に記載の画素アレイ。
[39]
前記読み出し回路が2つだけのトランジスタを備え、かつ、該2つのトランジスタが、リセットトランジスタおよびソースフォロワトランジスタを備える、[37]に記載の画素アレイ。
[40]
IS電極と、
該IS電極に電荷結合された少なくとも2つの電極と、
電荷−電圧変換のためのフローティングディフュージョンノードと、
該フローティングディフュージョンノードに連結されたソース、および固定電圧に連結されたドレインを有する、リセットトランジスタと、
該リセットトランジスタの該ソースに連結されたドレインを有する転送トランジスタと
を備える、イオン感応性(IS)蓄積画素回路。
[41]
以下を備える、画素アレイ:
IS電極と、
該IS電極に電荷結合された少なくとも2つの電極と、
電荷−電圧変換のためのフローティングディフュージョンノードと、
該フローティングディフュージョンノードに連結されたソース、および固定電圧に連結されたドレインを有する、リセットトランジスタと、
該リセットトランジスタの該ソースに連結されたドレインを有する、転送トランジスタと
をそれぞれが備える、少なくとも2つのイオン感応性蓄積画素回路;ならびに
該少なくとも2つのイオン感応性蓄積画素回路のソースに連結されたゲートを有するソースフォロワトランジスタと、
行ラインに連結されたゲート、該ソースフォロワトランジスタのソースに連結されたドレイン、および列ラインに連結されたソースを有する、行選択トランジスタと
を備える、読み出し回路。
[42]
IS電極と、
該IS電極に電荷結合された少なくとも2つの電極と、
電荷−電圧変換のためのフローティングディフュージョンノードと、
該フローティングディフュージョンノードに連結されたドレインを有する、転送トランジスタと
を備える、イオン感応性(IS)蓄積画素回路。
[43]
以下を備える、画素アレイ:
IS電極と、
該IS電極に電荷結合された少なくとも2つの電極と、
電荷−電圧変換のためのフローティングディフュージョンノードと、
該フローティングディフュージョンノードに連結されたドレインを有する転送トランジスタと
をそれぞれが備える、少なくとも2つのイオン感応性蓄積画素回路;ならびに
該転送トランジスタの該ドレインに連結されたソースを有する、リセットトランジスタと、
該転送トランジスタの該ドレインに連結されたゲートを有する、ソースフォロワトランジスタと、
行ラインに連結されたゲート、該ソースフォロワトランジスタのソースに連結されたドレイン、および列ラインに連結されたソースを有する、行選択トランジスタと
を備える、読み出し回路。
1トランジスタ画素アレイ
フローティングゲート(FG)トランジスタを、ゲート電極に接近するイオンを検出するために用いてもよい。アドレス指定可能な読み出しのためのアレイの中に配置することができる画素を形成するために、トランジスタを、他のトランジスタにより構成してもよい。最も単純な形式において、補助的なトランジスタを、アレイの読み出し用のフローティングゲートトランジスタを分離し選択するために、単独で用いる。フローティングゲートトランジスタは、化学的感応性トランジスタ、より具体的には、化学的感応性電界効果トランジスタ(ChemFET)であってもよい。ChemFETは、標準相補性金属酸化膜半導体(CMOS)処理を用いて製造された、自己整合ソースおよびドレインインプラントを含む金属酸化膜半導体電界効果トランジスタ(MOSFET)により設計されてもよい。ChemFETは、イオン感応性FET(ISFET)であってもよいし、PMOSまたはNMOSデバイスであってもよい。
1トランジスタ画素の1つの派生物は、読み出しの間に使用可能なカスコード型トランジスタを通じてプログラマブル利得の増加を可能にする。
画素アレイにおいて、行選択装置を、選択および分離のために用いてもよい。行選択ラインがアクティブであるとき、行選択装置(MOSFET)は、閾値電圧を超えるゲート電圧によりチャネルを形成し、スイッチのようにはたらく。行選択が非アクティブ化されるとき、チャネルが縮小される。行選択装置が実際に完全には「オン」または「オフ」にならないことに留意することは重要である。それはスイッチを近似するのみである。ゲートが行選択トランジスタのソースよりも実質的にローレベルにあるとき、有効な分離は得られ、アクティブな行選択を有する画素は、非アクティブ化された画素から入力なしで効果的に読み取ることができる。画素のアレイ内の多くの行により、各々の行選択装置について所定のレベルの分離を得ることが必要である。すなわち、行選択装置のための要件は、行の数に左右される。
上記のもののような1つ以上のトランジスタを備える化学的感応性画素から出力電圧を増幅するために、1つ以上の電荷ポンプを用いてもよい。
搬送波の閉じ込めおよび分離の両方を容易にするために、イオン感応性MOS電極を、隣接電極に電荷結合する。イオン濃度の測定は、各々の画素において生じ、且つ電位障壁およびウェルによって閉じ込めた離散的な電荷パケットによって行う。イオン感応性電極は、障壁レベルまたは電位ウェルのいずれかとして、作用することができる。電荷ドメインでの動作は、以下の事項を含む(但し限定はされない)いくつかの有効性を与える。1)各々の画素内の複数の電荷パケットの蓄積を通じて信号レベルおよび改善された信号対ノイズを増加させる。2)MOS検知および基準構造の優れた閾値整合。3)フリッカノイズの低減。4)グローバルスナップショット動作。
1.電極はIS電極に電荷結合される。
2.電荷パケットのための搬送波(電子または正孔)のソース。
3.電荷パケットのために障壁またはウェルとして作用する基準電極。
4.電荷−電圧変換のためのフローティングディフュージョンノード。
5.アドレス指定可能な読み出しのために、バッファリングおよび分離を与えるための補助的なトランジスタ。
6.用途に左右される、いくつかまたはすべての補助的なトランジスタを省くためのシーケンス。
Claims (1)
- 化学的感応性トランジスタ(ChemFET);行ライン;および列ラインをそれぞれが備える、複数の化学的感応性画素と、
読み出しスイッチと
を備える、化学的検出画素アレイであって、
該ChemFETが、フローティングゲートを有する電界効果トランジスタであり、
該ChemFETのドレインが該行ラインに連結され、該ChemFETのソースが該列ラインに連結され、
前記読み出しスイッチが、列読み出しスイッチであり、かつ
前記列読み出しスイッチが、前記アレイ内の画素の列を接地するための第1のスイッチを備え、および前記アレイ内の画素の列を基準電圧にプリチャージするための第1のスイッチを含む、
前記化学的検出画素アレイ。
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