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CN102150185B - 具有经由电磁能进行数据通信的组成导电表面的能量装置及其方法 - Google Patents

具有经由电磁能进行数据通信的组成导电表面的能量装置及其方法 Download PDF

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CN102150185B
CN102150185B CN200980135939.6A CN200980135939A CN102150185B CN 102150185 B CN102150185 B CN 102150185B CN 200980135939 A CN200980135939 A CN 200980135939A CN 102150185 B CN102150185 B CN 102150185B
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P·C·布兰特纳
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Abstract

公开了例如用于发射和/或接收无线信号的装置、方法和系统。举例而言，本发明使用能量装置本身内的导电表面作为接收和/或发射无线通信信号的手段。该表面可以是能量装置的组成部分，诸如电池或电容器内的电荷集中表面，其主要向电池或电容器提供必要功能。本发明的另一实施例中，出于接收和/或发射无线通信信号的主要目的，金属或者导电表面可在制造期间附加到，特别是内建到能量装置中，不过该金属或导电表面就其它方面而言对于能量装置不是必要的。

Description

具有经由电磁能进行数据通信的组成导电表面的能量装置及其方法
相关申请
本申请与美国临时专利申请S/N 61/096,415相关，并基于35U.S.C.§119要求美国临时专利申请S/N 61/096,415的优先权，于2008年9月12日提交的题为“具有经由电磁能进行数据通信的组成导电表面的能量装置及其方法(Energy Device with Integral Conductive Surface for DataCommunication Via Electromagnetic Energy and Method Thereof)”的该专利临时申请的全部内容通过引用结合于此。
技术领域及背景技术
本发明涉及通过RF或其它电磁信号发射和接收通信的装置、系统和/或方法。具体而言，本发明例如涉及能量发生装置或储能装置的使用，其可利用其至少一个组件使其通过RF或其它电磁信号发射和/或接收通信。
通常，系统倾向于由分离组件构成，它们各个被重新设计以用其本身组件执行其本身功能，但是未最优地设计该系统内特定组件或组合的双重功能性。已典型地由组件尺寸缩小来实现任意尺寸缩小。
当前，随着电子器件不断变小的需求在增长，在当前设计中设计师面临一些物理限制，这通常归因于组件大小的限制。在无线通信中尤其如此，在无线通信中，通常所必需使天线大小至少为所发射信号波长的四分之一。
发明内容
本发明一些示例性实施例的一个目标是以下列方式操作：通过表面元件从周围环境接收无线通信或者将无线通信发射到周围环境中，其中该表面元件是诸如能量存储或生成装置的现有的或者是附加层。下文中以更多细节以及通过示例所描述的本发明的各种方面和实施例解决背景技术的一些不足并满足相关领域中出现的需求。
举例而言，本发明可包括通过RF或其它电磁信号发射和接收通信的装置、系统和/或方法。在优选实施例中，本发明可包括适配成发射或接收无线通信的至少一个导电表面。
举例而言，本发明的实施例可包括能量装置(存储或生成)的储能组件内的金属或导电表面作为天线以便于接收和/或发射无线通信。导电表面可优选为能量装置的组成部分，诸如电池或电容器内的电荷收集表面(阳极或阴极)，其可向电池或电容器提供另一必要功能。该导电表面还可以是能量装置的外壳或者封装，或者是能量装置的附加层。
本发明的另一实施例中，至少部分地出于接收和/或发射无线信号的目的，金属或者导电表面可在制造期间附加到，特别是内建到能量装置中，不过该金属或导电表面就其它方面而言可以是对于该能量装置非必要的。
可向能量装置的导电表面施加附加特征、图案、或形状以增大在特定频带、宽带、或其它能量应用中的无线通信发射和/或接收效率和/或性能。举例而言，对于包括特定柔性装置的特定实施例而言，组成导电表面可弯曲(例如，z轴移位)以增强天线性能以便例如增强其方向性接收特性。
附图简述
包括于此以提供对本发明的进一步理解、并被结合在本说明书中且构成其一部分的附图示出本发明的示例性实施方式，其与说明书一起可用来说明而非限制本发明的原理。
图1是本发明实施例的截面，其中能量装置是包括电化学电池的储能组件。
图2A是顶部有天线的本发明实施例的俯视图。
图2B是本发明实施例的截面侧视图。
图3A是顶部有天线的本发明实施例的俯视图，但未在其下方添加对于可能延伸超过天线尺寸的衬底的描绘。
图3B是添加了二极管的本发明实施例的截面侧视图。
图4是本发明全向阵列实施例的截面侧视图。
图5是本发明双频阵列实施例的截面侧视图。
图6是在本发明全向形式中使用的弯曲表面能量装置实施例的截面侧视图。
图7A是本发明多平面实施例的截面俯视图。
图7B是本发明多平面实施例的一个装置的侧视图。
图7C是根据不同角度观察的本发明多平面实施例的第二装置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
要理解本发明不限于在此所描述的特定方法学、混合物、材料、制造技术、用途、以及应用，因为这些可有变化。还要理解本文中所使用的术语仅出于描述特定实施的目的，而不旨在限定本发明范围。必需注意到，如本文以及所附权利要求书中所使用地，单数形式的“一”、“一个”以及“该”包括复数引用，除非上下文另外明确地指出其相反形式。因此，举例而言，提及“一元件”是对一个或多个元件的提及，且包括本领域普通技术人员所知的其等效物。类似地，举另一示例，提及“一步骤”或“一手段”是对一个或多个步骤或手段的提及，且可包括子步骤或从属手段。所使用的所有连接词要以可能的最大涵盖方式来理解。因此，词语“或”应当理解为具有逻辑“或”的定义而非逻辑“异或”的定义，除非在上下文中另外明确指出相反情况。本文中所描述的结构也要理解为提及这种结构的功能性等效物。可解释为表示近似的语言应当如此理解，除非上下文中另外明确指出相反情况。
除非另外定义，否则在本文中所使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的一名普通技术人员所通常理解相同的含义。尽管描述了优选方法、技术、装置和材料，但是在本发明的实践或测试中可使用与那些所描述的相似或等效的任何方法、技术、装置、或材料。本文中所描述的结构也要理解为提及这种结构的功能性等效物。
通过引用结合于本文中的所有专利和其它出版物出于描述和公开的目的，例如，出于描述和公开在这种出版物中描述的可与本发明相结合而使用的方法学的目的。这些出版物单独地提供其在本发明的申请日之前的公开内容。不可就此解释为承认发明人由于现有发明或任何其它原因而并不具备提前公开所公开内容的资格。
本申请与题为“混合式薄膜电池(Hybrid Thin-Film Battery)”的2006年11月17日提交的美国专利申请S/N 11/561,277相关，其基于35U.S.C.§119要求2005年11月17日提交的美国临时专利申请S/N 60/737,613、以及2006年3月16日提交的美国临时专利申请S/N 60/782,792的优先权；并与题为“金属箔封装(Metal Foil Encapsulation)”的2007年3月16日提交的美国专利申请S/N 11/687,032相关，其基于35U.S.C.§119要求2006年3月16日提交的美国临时专利申请S/N 60/782,792的优先权；还与题为“具有用于电磁能收集的组成采集器表面的能量装置及其方法(EnergyDevice with Integral Collector Surface for Electromagnetic Energy Harvestingand Method Thereof)”的2008年8月11日提交的美国临时专利申请S/N61/087,927以及题为“具有用于电磁能收集的组成采集器表面的能量装置及其方法(Energy Device with Integral Collector Surface for ElectromagneticEnergy Harvesting and Method Thereof)”的2009年8月11日提交的美国专利申请S/N 12/539327相关，它们各自的全部内容通过引用结合于此。
本申请还与题为“具有阻挡层受保护的衬底的电化学装置(Electrochemical Apparatus with Barrier Layer Protected Substrate)”的2005年8月23日提交的美国专利申请S/N 11/209,536相关，这是题为“具有阻挡层受保护的衬底的电化学装置(Electrochemical Apparatus with BarrierLayer Protected Substrate)”的2005年6月15日提交的美国专利申请S/N11/374,282(根据美国临时专利申请S/N 60/690,697转变而得)的继续申请，该申请是题为“用于电子器件的封装和端接的方法和装置(Methods of andDevice for Encapsulation and Termination of Electronic Devices)”的2002年8月9日提交的美国专利申请S/N 10/215,190即现为美国专利No.6,916,679的部分继续申请，它们各自的全部内容通过引用结合于此。
图1示出本发明实施例的截面侧视图。在该实施例中，导电表面180形成能量装置的部分结构。在图1所示的实施例中，能量装置是具有由电解液140分开的阴极130和阳极150的电化学电池。该实施例包含阻挡层120以及正端衬底110。绝缘层160封装电化学电池，并带有从阳极150延伸至导电表面180的导体170地电化学。
在一个特定实施例中，电化学电池是如美国专利申请S/N 11/561,277中所公开的薄膜电池，且其全部内容通过引用之前结合于此。在该实施例中，自下而上地，该装置可包含，例如，用作正极接触的金属箔衬底110；用作阴极集流器的阻挡层120，其优选例如由两个导体子层组成；阴极130，优选例如由锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)组成；固态电解液140，优选例如由LiPON制成；以及阳极150，优选包括锂。绝缘/粘合层160优选例如由可覆盖电化学装置的舍林(Surlyn)层以及可在导电表面180和电化学装置之间交织并与其接触的金属网丝导体170制成。
如图所示，举例而言，在图2A和2B中，电介质260的高度可与电容器或电池中的电介质、或者电池或者电容器中的分离元件、或两者的组合的厚度相一致。举例而言，其可表示电池阴极厚度加上分离器材料。举例而言，可由薄膜电池的阴极集流器提供图2B中的衬底230。举例而言，可由电池的阳极集流器或分离元件提供天线元件280。举例而言，可根据在Constantine A.Balanis的天线理论、分析以及设计(Antenna Theory，Analysisand Design)，第二版，1982，1997，ISBN 0-471-59268-4中的描述导出各种元件的尺寸，该书的全部内容结合于此。可通过设计调节电介质高度(h)、其介电常数(εr)以及感兴趣的频率(fr)。一旦设定这些值，例如以下方程可用于优化长度和适当的宽度比。天线长度可以是波长(λ)的一些偶数分之一，诸如λ/2、λ/4、λ/8、λ/16等。以下的V0是真空中的光速。
W = 1 / 2 fr μ 0 ϵ 0 * 2 / ϵ r + 1 = v 0 / 2 fr * 2 / ϵ r + 1
其中εr有效(εreff)是有效介电常数：
εreff＝[(εr+1)/2]+[(εr-1)/2*[1+12h/W]-1/2
除了诸如电池或薄膜电池的电化学储能装置之外，能量装置可以是诸如电容器或者薄膜电容器的电气储能装置，但还可以是例如惯性轮(flywheel)、微惯性轮、微机电系统(MEMS)或者机械弹簧的机械储能装置。储能组件还可以是诸如压电元件或电磁元件的机电气装置，这些机电气装置举例而言在题为“用于环境能电池或电容器再充电系统的方法和装置(Method and Apparatus for an Ambient Energy Battery or CapacitorRecharge System)”的美国专利No.7,088,031公开的各实施例中，其全部内容通过引用结合于此。储能组件还可以是诸如热质容器的热能储能装置，或者其可以是例如具有氢容器的氢发生器或者具有臭氧容器的臭氧发生器的化学储能装置。这些装置的每一个可基于系统的特定示例性元件用于存储能量。
此外，能量装置可以是能量发生装置。举例而言，能量装置可以是由诸如像风、水或蒸汽的移动流质的外部力量机械地驱动的发电机，但是外部力量还可从特定震动获得，如压电发电机，或者诸如在斯特林(Sterling)引擎中根据材料的热膨胀获得。取决于装置的应用，能量装置还可使用燃料电池、热发电机、原子粒子发电机、光电电池、以及磁致伸缩及磁致伸缩电活性发电机的方法生成能量。
类似地，导电表面的材料和几何形状可根据系统应用而变化。在优选实施例中，导电表面具有适合于所发射和/或接收的无线信号的频率的适当的电磁阻抗。在一些实施例中，导电表面可由金属、合金、半导体、导电有机物、聚合物以及导电复合物制成。举例而言，该装置还可具有柔性，且可使其朝本身或者其它对象卷曲以便于更好地发射和/或接收特定类型的无线信号。导电表面可延伸超过能量装置的其它组件延伸，但也可在一个或多个方向上环绕能量装置一遍或多遍。
在若干实施例中，天线也可以是能量装置的组成部分。举例而言，天线可通过以下组件实现：电化学储能装置的阳极；电化学储能装置的阳极集流器；电化学储能装置的阴极；电化学储能装置的阴极集流器；电化学储能装置的封装；电化学储能装置的衬底；电化学储能装置的外壳；电容器负电极；电容器正电极；电容器外壳；机械能储能装置的外壳；机械弹簧；惯性轮的金属框；压电元件的电机；电磁元件的布线；微机电系统(MEMS)的电机；或者热能储能装置的外壳。对于能量发生装置而言，天线还可以是燃料电池的外壳、燃料电池电极、燃料电池之间的电互连，具有氢容器的氢发生器外壳，具有臭氧容器的臭氧发生器外壳、佩尔蒂埃(Peltier)发电机电极、Peltier发电机内的导电导热热沉、Peltier发电机外壳、原子粒子发电机电极，原子粒子发电机外壳、磁致伸缩发电机的集流器、和/或磁致伸缩发电机外壳。
在导电表面和能量装置整合为一体的一些实施例中，举例而言，表面可被结构上地或者化学上地改动超过该能量装置的主要功能需求，以便于优化该表面适合于无线信号的接收和/或发射。结构改动可包括扩大、缩小、或者通过扩张、伸展、增大或相反地延伸、缩小来改动一个或多个表面的表面区域，或者优化表面以对其进行调谐以用于所需频率或波长。举例而言，图1的能量装置中，表面180可扩张、延伸或以其它方式扩大形状。类似地，举例而言，表面110、170或者任何其它导电表面可被改动成扩大或减小表面区域，以单独或组合地改进这些原件对无线信号的接收和/或发射。另外，这些导电表面可增大厚度或在任何优选方向上打孔以增大这些装置元件的表面区域、几何形状。
各中实施例中的导电表面可设计成能够接收和/或发射一种或多种特定形式的无线信号。举例而言，这种形式可包括电场耦合能量、磁场耦合能量、光波直接耦合能量、光波热耦合能量、激光或相干光耦合能量、亚毫米波长辐射耦合能量、宽带频率、窄带频率、定向能量、间接能量、特低频、超低频、甚低频、低频、中频、高频、甚高频、特高频、超高频、极高频、红外光频率、可视光频率、紫外光频率、以及x射线频率。
在一些实施例中，导电表面或其它导电表面可用于附加目的：收集能量以对储能装置充电和/或降低能量发生装置用于向给定负载供能的功率要求。电磁能量收集可单独地执行，或者与诸如太阳能电池或太阳能集熱器的另一能源结合而执行。举例而言，这种组合将允许自治电路在含电磁能的环境中用阳光或者不用阳光地操作更长时间。
图3A和3B描绘在天线表面380和导电衬底表面330之间设置二极管的本发明实施例。如以上通过示例所述，举例而言，可由电池阳极集流器或分离元件来提供天线元件380。电介质360可代表电容器或电池中的电介质，或电池或电容器中的分离元件、或其两者的组合。举例而言其可表示电池阴极厚度加上分离器材料。图3B中的衬底330例如可通过薄膜电池的阴极集流器来提供。举例而言，可通过在天线表面和导电衬底表面之间连接二极管来实现储能装置的直接充电。该连接可为二极管的阴极附连到天线表面380，且二极管的阳极连接到衬底表面330。该二极管可以是所制造的储能装置的组成部分或外部离散组件。
附加组件也可包括在本发明的一些实施例中。举例而言，本发明实施例可包括一个或多个电气组件，其用于将在导电集能表面上感生的交流整流为直流以便将其存储到例如储能装置中。例如这些组件可在储能组件的外部，但是它们可替代地或附加地嵌入到储能组件内。举例而言，该半导体的特征为锂钴氧化物，其可用作电化学电池的组件并可在特定区域中掺杂成n型和p型，由此产生具有二极管特性的器件，其可配置成作为整流器操作。此外，其它电气组件可在锂钴氧化物或其它可形成电子电路的类似半导体衬底上形成。
举例而言，用于发射和/或接收无线信号的系统还通过本文的各种公开内容来设置。举例而言，该系统可包括电气地、机械地、或无线地连接在一起以形成阵列的多个发射/接收装置。举例而言，该阵列内的装置排列可变化以优化全向或单向方式中的无线信号的发射和/或接收。举例而言，在单个系统内的无线通信装置本身可变化以优化在变化的波长的接收和/或发射，这可包括导电表面的形状、大小，还包括材料类型。此外，举例而言，无线通信装置的互连可串联或并联地安排以生成特定信号输出。
本发明的特定实施例可包括连接在一起以形成阵列的多个装置。举例而言，该阵列内的装置排列可变化以优化电磁能采集和/或包括全向或单向方式的电磁信号。举例而言，在单个系统内的储能装置本身可变化以优化电磁能和/或变化的波长信号的采集，这可包括导电表面的形状、大小，还包括材料类型。此外，举例而言，储能装置的互连可串联或并联地排列以生成特定电压输出。如图4所示的全向阵列的一个示例中，规定两个衬底430放置在一起，采集表面481和482方向朝外。介电层461和462被设置在衬底430和采集表面481、482之间。替代地，具有电池或者其它储能装置的衬底可位于衬底的任何一侧上。还可设置各种配置的多个表面。举例而言，如图5所示地通过设置两个储能装置581、582(例如，在一个或多个衬底530上可能具有不同L/W比)来设置多频率阵列。在各种实施例中还可设置多个表面和/或装置。替代地，单个电池的顶部可设置有绝缘体/导体的图案化顶部，其电学上“看起来”像图5的排列，由于电池衬底将“看起来”像图中的整个衬底，因此提供了没有外部改变的多频率天线。图6提供弯曲表面储能装置的一个示例，其可用于全向形式。曲线可用于产生接收表面，其例如为球形的某部分以允许聚集图中所示从底部到顶部的能量和/或信号610和/或620。如上通过示例方式所述，二极管可类似地集成到该示例性设计中。此外，如图所示，例如可设置天线元件680、电介质元件660以及衬底元件630。
举例而言，图7A、7B和7C中陈述本发明实施例的多平面实施例的示例。该示例中，两个或以上装置(如图7A描绘的781、782)可排列成彼此间的角度为a。这些装置可建立在分离衬底(如图7A描绘的731和732)上或者一个衬底上，其可在制造期间以适当的角度形成或者在后处理步骤中形成。该角度a可以是任何角度，且举例而言，可以是从0°到180°的任何角度。长度、宽度和高度值(L、W和h)以及这些值的比，对于任何给定频率、频率组、或任何一对频率或带可以是相同或者完全不同。另外，可在这个或者这些实施例中类似于单平面装置地执行二极管整流，其中举例而言，二极管可设置成跨过各天线/衬底。
举例而言，该系统可用作无线信号收听装置，其被调谐成多个频率并采集所发射信息和/或执行例如基于所接收的特定信息发射信号的功能。例如，该系统还可用作自治电路的无线接收器组件，该自治电路一旦接收无线命令信号则执行一功能。
本文已根据若干实施例描述本发明。很显然，存在许多可包含由本发明各实施例所增强的陶瓷性能的替代和变体而不背离其精神和范围。上述实施例仅为示例性。本领域普通技术人员可认识到本文详细描述的实施例的变体意味着落入本发明的范围。因此，本发明仅由以下权利要求来限制。因此，本发明旨在涵盖本发明的所有这些修改，只要它们落在所附权利要求书及其等效方案的范围中即可。

Claims (57)

1.一种用于发射和/或接收无线信号的能量装置，包括：
能量组件，以及
作为所述能量装置的一组成部分的至少一个导电表面，
其中，所述至少一个导电表面包括在平行于组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起，并且所述至少一个导电表面适配成接收和/或发射无线信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述能量组件包括储能装置，所述储能装置包括以下组中的任何装置：电化学能储能装置、电能储能装置、磁能储能装置、机械能储能装置、机电能储能装置、电磁能储能装置、热能储能装置、以及化学能储能装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述储能装置包括选自以下组的组件：电池、薄膜电池、电容器、薄膜电容器、压电元件、电磁元件、热质容器、惯性轮、微惯性轮、微机电系统(MEMS)、机械弹簧、具有氢容器的氢发生器、以及具有臭氧容器的臭氧发生器。
4.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述能量组件包括能量发生装置，所述能量发生装置包括以下组中的任何装置：发电机、化学能发生装置、燃料电池、水力发电机、热发电机、压电发电机、佩尔蒂埃(Peltier)结热发电机、原子粒子发电机、光发电机、光热发电机、磁致伸缩发电机以及磁致伸缩电活性发电机。
5.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述能量组件包括选自以下组的几何形状：正方形、矩形、三角形、多边形、圆形、曲线形、波形、以及厚度不均匀形。
6.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面包括适配到要发射和/或接收的无线信号频率的电磁阻抗。
7.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面包括选自以下组的材料：电化学储能装置的阳极，电化学储能装置的阳极集流器，电化学储能装置的阴极，电化学储能装置的阴极集流器，电化学储能装置的封装，电化学储能装置的衬底，电化学储能装置的外壳，电容器负电极，电容器正电极，电容器外壳，机械能储能装置的外壳，机械弹簧，惯性轮的金属框，机电气装置的外壳，压电元件的电极，电磁元件的布线，微机电系统(MEMS)的电极，热能储能装置的外壳，化学能储能装置的外壳，燃料电池的外壳，燃料电池电极，燃料电池之间的电互连，具有氢容器的氢发生器的外壳，具有臭氧容器的臭氧发生器的外壳，Peltier发电机的电极，Peltier发电机内的导电导热散热片，Peltier发电机的外壳，原子粒子发电机中的电极，原子粒子发电机的外壳，磁致伸缩发电机中的集流器，以及磁致伸缩发电机的外壳。
8.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面包括选自以下组的几何形状：正方形、矩形、三角形、多边形、圆形、曲线形、波形、以及厚度不均匀形。
9.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面被结构上或者化学上地改动以超出由所述能量组件所需的其主要功能，由此所述改动造成增大所述表面用于接收和/或发射无线信号的能力。
10.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面厚度大于所述能量组件厚度。
11.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面包括具有一长度的表面区域，该长度在至少一个水平方向上大于所述能量组件的长度。
12.如权利要求9所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面厚度大于所述能量组件厚度。
13.如权利要求9所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面包括具有一长度的表面区域，该长度在至少一个水平方向上大于所述能量组件的长度。
14.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个导电表面包括选自以下组的材料：金属、合金、半导体、导电有机物和聚合物、以及导电复合物。
15.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，还包括至少一个导电表面，其在所述装置的制造期间作为添加的组件集成到所述装置中。
16.如权利要求15所述的能量装置，其特征在于，还包括具有外部天线的所述至少一个导电表面。
17.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，还包括至少一个外部元件，其改进所述无线信号的接收和/或发射，且其中所述外部元件选自以下组：外部二极管、由所述外部二极管和所述至少一个导电表面组成的硅整流二极管天线、外部全桥整流器、外部半桥整流器、以及外部电抗组件，其中所述外部电抗组件是电容器、线圈、二极管、晶体管、RF扼流器以及集成器件的任何组合。
18.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述装置的形状选自以下组：正方形、矩形、三角形、多边形、圆形、曲线形、波形、以及厚度不均匀形。
19.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述无线信号包括选自以下组的电磁能：电场耦合能、磁场耦合能、光波直接耦合能、光波热耦合能、激光或相干光耦合能、以及亚毫米波长辐射耦合能。
20.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述无线信号选自以下组：宽带频率、窄带频率、定向能量、间接能量、特低频、超低频、甚低频、低频、中频、高频、甚高频、特高频、超高频、极高频、红外光频率、可视光频率、紫外光频率、以及x射线频率。
21.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，还包括多个导电表面。
22.如权利要求21所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述多个导电表面适配成形成阵列，所述阵列提供改进的无线信号发射和/或接收。
23.如权利要求22所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述阵列适配成提供在全向响应中的所述无线信号的改进的发射和/或接收。
24.如权利要求22所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述阵列适配成提供在单向响应中的所述无线信号的改进的发射和/或接收。
25.如权利要求21所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述多个导电表面包括适配成发射和/或接收无线信号的串联连接和/或并联连接。
26.如权利要求21所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所有导电表面包括基本相等的大小和形状。
27.如权利要求21所述的能量装置，其特征在于，至少一个所述导电表面包括与其它导电表面基本不同的大小和形状。
28.如权利要求1所述的能量装置，其特征在于，还包括一个以上的能量组件。
29.如权利要求28所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所述一个以上能量组件串联连接和/或并联连接，且其中至少一个所述能量组件适配成提供适配成发射和/或接收无线信号的导电表面。
30.如权利要求28所述的能量装置，其特征在于，所有能量组件包括基本相同的大小和形状。
31.如权利要求28所述的能量装置，其特征在于，至少一个所述能量组件包括与其它能量组件基本不同的大小和形状。
32.一种用于发射和/或接收无线信号的能量装置，所述能量装置包括能量组件，其中，由所述能量组件的阳极集流器提供至少一个导电表面，所述至少一个导电表面包括在平行于组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起，并且所述至少一个导电表面适配成接收和/或发射无线信号。
33.一种用于发射和/或接收无线信号的能量装置，包括：
能量组件，以及
作为所述能量装置的一组成部分的至少一个导电表面，
其中，所述至少一个导电表面包括在垂直于所述组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起，并且所述至少一个导电表面适配成接收和/或发射无线信号。
34.一种用于发射和/或接收无线信号的能量装置，所述能量装置包括能量组件，其中，由所述能量组件的阳极集流器提供至少一个导电表面，所述至少一个导电表面包括在垂直于所述组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起，并且所述至少一个导电表面适配成接收和/或发射无线信号。
35.一种用于发射和/或接收无线信号的能量装置，包括：
能量组件，以及
作为所述能量装置的一组成部分的至少一个导电表面，
其中，所述至少一个导电表面被结构上或者化学上地改动以超出由所述能量组件所需的其主要功能，由此所述改动造成增大所述表面用于接收和/或发射无线信号的能力，并且其中，所述至少一个导电表面包括在大致垂直于所述组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起，并且所述至少一个导电表面适配成接收和/或发射无线信号。
36.一种用于发射和/或接收无线信号的能量装置，所述能量装置包括能量组件，其中，由所述能量组件的阳极集流器提供至少一个导电表面，所述至少一个导电表面被结构上或者化学上地改动以超出由所述能量组件所需的其主要功能，由此所述改动造成增大所述表面用于接收和/或发射无线信号的能力，并且其中，所述至少一个导电表面包括在大致垂直于所述组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起，并且所述至少一个导电表面适配成接收和/或发射无线信号。
37.一种阵列包括多个如权利要求1所述的能量装置。
38.如权利要求37所述的阵列，其特征在于，所述能量装置串联连接和/或并联连接，且其中至少一个所述能量装置提供适配成发射和/或接收无线信号的导电表面。
39.如权利要求37所述的阵列，其特征在于，所有能量装置包括基本相等的大小和形状。
40.如权利要求37所述的阵列，其特征在于，至少一个所述能量装置包括与其它能量装置基本不同的大小和形状。
41.一种阵列，包括多个如权利要求32所述的能量装置。
42.一种发射和/或接收电磁能无线信号的方法，包括：
在无线信号范围内设置至少一个能量装置，所述装置包括导电表面和能量组件；
通过所述导电表面发射和/或接收无线信号，其中所述导电表面包括在平行于组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起。
43.如权利要求42所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括改动所述导电表面的几何形状和/或化学组成以超出所述能量组件所需的其主要功能，从而改进所述无线信号的发射和/或接收。
44.一种发射和/或接收电磁能无线信号的方法，包括：
在无线信号范围内设置至少一个能量装置，所述能量装置包括能量组件，其中由所述能量组件的阳极集流器提供导电表面；以及
通过所述导电表面发射和/或接收无线信号，其中所述导电表面包括在平行于组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起。
45.一种发射和/或接收无线信号以控制自治电路的方法，包括：
提供至少一个能量装置，所述装置包括导电表面，所述能量装置电连接到自治电路；以及
通过所述导电表面发射无线信号，其中所述导电表面包括在平行于组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起。
46.如权利要求45所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括改动所述导电表面的几何形状和/或化学组成以改进无线信号的发射。
47.如权利要求45所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括接收对自治电气装置的控制信号。
48.一种针对已知信号调谐无线通信装置的无线信号发射和/或接收的方法，包括：
在无线信号范围内提供如权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述导电表面具有用于第一已知发射和/或接收信号的第一表面区域和第一厚度。
49.如权利要求48所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在至少一个水平方向上将所述导电表面的所述表面区域增大至第二表面区域。
50.如权利要求48所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将所述导电表面厚度增大至第二厚度。
51.如权利要求48所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括提供多个电磁导通表面。
52.如权利要求51所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将所述多个导电表面中的至少两个配置成阵列以改进无线信号的发射。
53.如权利要求51所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将所述多个导电表面中的至少两个配置成阵列以改进无线信号的接收。
54.一种针对已知信号调谐无线通信装置的无线信号发射和/或接收的方法，包括：
在无线信号范围内提供如权利要求32所述的装置，其中所述导电表面具有用于第一已知发射和/或接收信号的第一表面区域和第一厚度。
55.一种发射和/或接收无线信号以控制自治电路的方法，包括：
提供至少一个能量装置，所述装置包括导电表面，所述能量装置电连接到自治电路；以及
通过所述导电表面接收无线信号，其中所述导电表面包括在平行于组件层的方向上从其延伸出且延伸超过所述能量装置的其它组件的至少一个导电突起。
56.如权利要求55所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括改动所述导电表面的几何形状和/或化学组成以改进无线信号的接收。
57.如权利要求55所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括接收对自治电气装置的控制信号。
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EP2332127A4 (en) 2011-11-09
CN102150185A (zh) 2011-08-10
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KR101613671B1 (ko) 2016-04-19
JP2012502619A (ja) 2012-01-26
US20100068995A1 (en) 2010-03-18
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US8260203B2 (en) 2012-09-04
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