KR20100082042A - Rna 간섭의 rna 서열 특이적인 매개체 - Google Patents
Rna 간섭의 rna 서열 특이적인 매개체 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 수용체 mRNA 및 dsRNA Rr-Luc 및 Pp-Luc의 개략도이다. ssRNA, asRNS 및 dsRNA의 길이 및 위치는 Rr-Luc 및 Pp-Luc 수용체 mRNA 서열에 대해 흑색 막대로 나타냈다. 흑색 직사각형은 두개의 관련되지 않은 루시퍼라아제 코딩 서열을 나타내며, 라인은 mRNA의 5' 및 3' 비번역된 영역에 해당한다.
도 2a는 시험관내에서 dsRNA에 의해 유전자 특이적 간섭을 나타내는 505bp의 Pp-Luc 유전자 세그먼트로부터의 10nM ssRNA, asRNA 또는 dsRNA로 50pM Pp-Luc mRNA를 표적화시킨 후의 루시퍼라아제 활성 비를 나타낸 그래프이다. 데이터는 7회 실험의 평균 값 ±표준 편차이다. 네개의 독립적으로 준비된 용해질이 사용되었다. 완충액 대조표준에 대해 루시퍼라아제 활성을 표준화시켰다: 1에 해당하는 비는 유전자 특이적 간섭이 없음을 나타낸다.
도 2b는 시험관내에서 dsRNA에 의한 유전자 특이적 간섭을 나타내는 501bp의 Rr-Luc 유전자 세그먼트로부터의 10nM ssRNA, asRNA 또는 dsRNA로 50pM Rr-Luc mRNA를 표적화시킨 후의 루시퍼라아제 활성 비를 나타낸 그래프이다. 데이터는 6회 실험의 평균 값 ±표준 편차이다. 1에 해당하는 Rr-Luc/Pp-Luc 비는 유전자 특이적 간섭이 없음을 나타낸다.
도 3a는 드로소필라 배아 용해질에서의 인큐베이션이 유전자 특이적 간섭을 위해 dsRNA를 증강시킴을 보여주는데 이용되는 실험 방법의 개략적인 도면이다. 도 2에 사용된 동일한 dsRNA(또는 완충액)는 드로소필라 배아 용해질과의 6회 연속 반응에서 2배 희석물을 사용하여 연속 사전인큐베이션하고, mRNA 발현을 차단할 수 있는 이들의 능력을 시험하였다. 대조표준으로서, 동일한 양의 dsRNA(10nM) 또는 완충액을 완충액으로 직접 희석하고, Pp-Luc 및 Rr-Luc mRNA 및 용해질과 인큐베이션하였다.
도 3b는 Pp-Luc mRNA를 표적화시킬 경우의 증강을 나타낸 그래프이다. 흑색 컬럼은 dsRNA 또는 완충액이 연속적으로 사전인큐베이션된 것을 의미하며; 흰색 컬럼은 dsRNA의 32배 직접 희석물에 상응한다. 값은 완충액 대조표준의 값에 대해 표준화되었다.
도 3c는 Rr-Luc mRNA를 표적화하는 경우의 증강의 그래프이다. 상응하는 완충액 대조표준은 도 3b에 도시되어 있다.
도 4는 유전자 특이적 간섭에 대한 경쟁물 dsRNA의 효과를 나타낸 그래프이다. 증가된 농도의 나노스(nanos) dsRNA(508bp)를, Pp-Luc mRNA(흑색 컬럼, 왼쪽 축) 또는 Rr-Luc mRNA(흰색 컬럼, 오른쪽 축)을 표적화하는 5nM dsRNA(도 2a 및 2B에 사용된 것과 동일한 dsRNA)을 함유하는 반응물에 첨가하였다. 각각의 반응물은 표적 mRNA(흑색 컬럼에 대한 Pp-Luc, 흰색 컬럼에 대한 Rr-Luc) 및 관련되지 않은 대조표준 mRNA(흑색 컬럼에 대한 Rr-Luc, 흰색 컬럼에 대한 Pp-Luc) 둘 모두를 함유하였다. 값은 완충액 대조표준(도시하지 않음)에 대해 표준화하였다. 반응물을 표준 조건(방법 참조)하에 인큐베이션시켰다.
도 5a는 mRNA 안정도에 대한 dsRNA의 영향을 나타낸 그래프이다. 원형, Pp-Luc mRNA; 사각형, Rr-Luc mRNA; 채워진 심볼, 완충액 인큐베이션; 개방된 심볼, Pp-dsRNA와의 인큐베이션.
도 5b는 Rr-dsRNA 또는 Pp-dsRNA와 인큐베이션된 Rr-Luc mRNA의 안정도를 나타낸 그래프이다. 채워진 사각형, 완충액; 개방된 사각형, Pp-dsRNA(10nM); 개방된 원형, Rr-dsRNA(10nM).
도 5c는 dsRNA 길이에 대한 의존도를 나타낸 그래프이다. Pp-Luc mRNA의 안정도를 상이한 길이의 dsRNA 또는 완충액의 존재하에 용해질에서 인큐베이션한 후 평가하였다. 채워진 사각형, 완충액; 개방된 원형, 49bp dsRNA(10nM); 개방된 역삼각형, 149bp dsRNA(10nM); 개방된 삼각형, 505bp dsRNA(10nM); 개방된 다이아몬드, 997bp dsRNA(10nM). 반응물을 표준 조건(방법 참조)하에서 인큐베이션하였다.
도 6은 RNAi가 ATP가 필요하다는 것을 나타내는 그래프이다. 크레아틴 키나제(CK)는 크레이틴 포스페이트(CP)를 이용하여 ATP를 재생시킨다. 원형, +ATP, +CP, +CK; 사각형, -ATP, +CP, +CK; 삼각형, -ATP, -CP, +CK; 역삼각형, -ATP, +CP, -CK.
도 7a는 어떠한 억제제도 함유하지 않는 반응에 대한, 단백질 합성 억제제인 아니소마이신, 사이클로헥시미드 또는 클로람페니콜의 존재하에 1시간 동안 실험관내 RNAi 반응에서 Rr-luc mRNA를 인큐베이션 시킨 후, 생성된 루시퍼라아제 활성에 의해 반영된 단백질 합성 그래프이며, 이는 RNAi가 mRNA 번역을 필요로 하지 않는다는 것을 보여준다.
도 7b는 1시간 인큐베이션 동안 생성된 루시퍼라아제 활성에 의해 측정된 바와 같은, dsRNA의 부재하의 RNAi 반응에서 7-메틸-구아노신- 및 아데노신-캡핑된 Pp-luc mRNA(각각 원형 및 사각형)의 번역을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 7c는 505bp Pp-luc dsRNA의 존재(개방된 심볼) 및 부재(채워진 심볼)하에 균일하게 32P-방사능표지된 7-메틸-구아노신-캡핑된 Pp-luc mRNA(원형) 및 아데노신-캡핑된 Pp-luc mRNA(사각형)의 RNAi 반응에서의 인큐베이션을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 8a는 지정된 시간 동안 완충액, 505nt Pp-asRNA 또는 505bp Pp-dsRNA와의 표준 RNAi 반응에서 인큐베이션된 Pp-luc mRNA의 변성 아가로스-겔(denaturing agarose-gel) 분석의 그래프이며, 이는 시험관내에서 asRNA가 소량의 RNAi를 유도한다는 것을 보여준다.
도 8b는 지정된 시간 동안 완충액, 505nt Pp-asRNA 또는 505bp Pp-dsRNA와의 표준 RNAi 반응에서 인큐베이션된 Rr-luc mRNA의 변성 아가로스-겔 분석의 그래프이며, 이는 시험관내에서 asRNA가 소량의 RNAi를 유도한다는 것을 보여준다.
도 9는 Rr-luc mRNA에 대한, 3가지 dsRNA, 'A', 'B' 및 'C'의 위치의 개략도이다.
도 10은 Rr-luc mRNA(SEQ ID NO: 1)의 최초 267nt상으로 맵핑된 절단 부위를 나타낸다. 서열 밑의 청색 막대는 dsRNA 'C'의 위치를 나타내며, 청색 원형은 dsRNA에 의해 유도된 절단 부위의 위치를 나타낸다. 녹색 막대는 dsRNA 'B'의 위치를 나타내며, 녹색 원형은 절단 부위를 나타낸다. 자홍색 막대는 dsRNA 'A'의 위치를 나타내며, 자홍색 원형은 절단 부위를 나타낸다. 7 우라실의 런(run)내의 예외적인 절단 부위는 붉은 화살표로 표시하였다.
도 11은 RNAi의 제안 모델이다. RNAi는 아마도 다중단백질 복합체내의 dsRNA-특이적 누클레아제에 의해 21-23nt 생성물로 dsRNA가 절단되기 시작하도록 설계되어 있다. 그 후, 이러한 짧은 dsRNA는 가능하게는 초기 복합체 성분인 ATP-의존성 헬리카제에 의해 절단을 위해 mRNA를 표적화할 수 있는 21-23nt asRNA로 해리될 수 있다. 짧은 asRNA는 완전한 길이의 dsRNA에 의해 원래 결합된 RNAi-특이적 단백질(원형)과 결합된 채로 유지되는 것으로 여겨지며, 따라서, 생체내 및 시험관내에서 RNAi를 촉발하는데 있어 asRNA이 아무런 영향도 끼칠 수 없다는 것을 설명한다. 최종적으로, 누클레아제(삼각형)는 mRNA를 절단한다.
도 12는 21 내지 23 nt 단편에 의한 서열 특이적 유전자 침묵을 나타내는 막대 그래프이다. 드로소필라(Drosophila) 용해질중의 각각의 dsRNA의 이전 인큐베이션으로부터 분리된 5nM Pp-Luc 또는 Rr-Luc dsRNA(500bp) 또는 21 내지 23 nt 단편에 의한 Pp-Luc 및 Rr-Luc mRNA의 표적화 후의 루시퍼라제 활성 비. 인큐베이션 반응에서 존재하는 분리된 21 내지 23 량체의 양은 5nM 500bp dsRNA와의 인큐베이션 반응 동안에 생성된 21 내지 23 량체의 동일량과 대략 상응한다. 데이터는 3회 시험의 평균값이며, 표준 편차는 오차 막대에 의해 주어진다. 루시퍼라제 활성을 완충액 대조표준에 대해 표준화시켰다.
도 13a는 실시예 4에 기술된 방법을 사용하여 수퍼덱스(Superdex) HR 200 10/30 여과 컬럼(Pharmacia) 상에서 RNA 단편을 정제한 것을 도시한 것이다. dsRNA를 32P-표지시키고, 각각의 컬럼 분획에서 회수된 방사능(radioactivity)을 그래프화한 것이다. 분획을 변성 겔 전기영동에 의해 분석하였다(삽입 그림).
도 13b는 도 13a에서와 같은 드로소필라 용해질에서의 인큐베이션 및 분별화 후에 Rr-루시퍼라제 표적 mRNA의 발현에 대한 서열 특이적 간섭을 매개하는 Rr-루퍼라아제 RNA의 능력을 입증하고 있다. 각각의 재현탁된 분획중 1 마이크로리터를 시험관내 RNAi 반응의 10마이크로리터 중에서 시험하였다(실시예 1 참조). 이러한 절차는 컬럼에 로딩되기 전의 원래 반응에서의 RNA 종의 농도와 거의 동일한, 표준 시험관내 RNAi 반응의 RNA 농도를 산출하였다. 초당 상대적 발광을 2개의 완충 대조표준의 평균 값에 대해 표준화시켰다.
도 13c는 도 13b에 대한 특이성 대조표준이다. 이것은 분별화된 도 13b의 RNA가 Pp-루시퍼라제 mRNA의 발현의 서열 특이적 간섭을 효과적으로 매개하지 않음을 입증한다. 검정은 도 13b에서와 동일하다.
도 14a 및 14b는 리포터 작제물 및 siRNA 듀플렉스를 개략적으로 도시한 것이다. 도 14a는 플라스미드 pGL2-대조표준, pGL3-대조표준 및 pRL-TK(Promega)으로부터의 반딧불이(Pp-luc) 및 씨팬시(sea pansy)(Rr-luc) 루시퍼라제 리포터 유전자 영역을 도시한 것이다. HSV 티미딘 키나제 프로모터인 SV 40 조절 엘리먼트 및 두개의 인트론(라인)이 표시되어 있다. GL3 루시퍼라제의 서열은 GL2와 95% 동일하지만, RL은 둘 모두에 대해 완전히 무관하다. pGL2로부터의 루시퍼라제 발현은 트랜스펙션된 포유동물 세포에서의 pGL3로부터 보다는 약 10배 낮다. siRNA 듀플렉스에 의해 표적화된 영역은 루시퍼라제 유전자의 코딩 영역 아래에 흑색 막대로서 표시되어 있다. 도 14b는 siRNA 듀플렉스를 표적화하는 GL2(SEQ ID No: 10 및 11), GL3(SEQ ID No: 12 및 13) 및 RL(SEQ ID No: 14 및 15) 루시퍼라제의 센스(상부) 및 안티센스(하부) 서열이 도시되어 있다. GL2 및 GL3 siRNA 듀플렉스는 단지 3개의 단일 누클레오티드 치환(회색으로 박스 표시된) 만큼 다르다. 비특이적 대조표준으로서, 인버티드(inverted) GL2 서열, 즉 invGL2(SEQ ID No: 16 및 17)과의 듀플렉스를 합성하였다. 2'-데옥시티미딘의 2nt 3' 오버행(overhang)은 TT로서 표시되어 있으며; uGL2(SEQ ID No: 18 및 19)는 GL2 siRNA와 유사하나, 리보-우리딘 3' 오버행을 함유한다.
도 15a 내지 15j는 siRNA 듀플렉스에 의한 RNA 간섭을 보여주는 그래프이다. 표적 대 대조표준 루시퍼라제의 비는 완충액 대조표준(bu, 흑색 막대)에 대해 표준화되었으며, 회색 막대는 포티누스 피랄리스(Photinus pyralis)(Pp-luc)GL2 또는 GL3 루시퍼라제 대 레닐라 레니포르미스(Renilla reniformis)(Rr-luc) RL 루시퍼라제(좌축)의 비를 나타내고, 백색 막대는 RL 대 GL2 또는 GL3의 비(우축)를 나타낸다. 도 15a, 15c, 15e, 15g 및 15i는 pGL2-대조표준 및 pRL-TK 리포터 플라스미드의 배합물로 수행된 실험의 결과를 보여주는 것이며, 도 15b, 15d, 15f, 15h 및 15j는 pGL3-대조표준 및 pRL-TK 리포터 플라스미드로 수행된 실험의 결과를 보여주는 것이다. 간섭 실험을 위해 사용된 세포주는 각각의 플롯 상부에 표시되어 있다. 완충 대조표준(bu)에 대한 Pp-luc/Rr-luc의 비는 표준화 전 및 시험한 여러가지 세포주 간에, 각각 pGL2/pRL에 대해 0.5 내지 10이고, pGL3/pRL에 대해 0.03 내지 1로 다양하였다. 플롯팅된 데이터는 3개의 독립된 실험 ±표준 편차로부터 평균낸 것이었다.
도 16a 내지 16f는 HeLa 세포에서 루시퍼라제 발현에 대한 21 nt siRNA, 50 bp 및 500bp dsRNA의 효과를 보여주는 그래프이다. 긴 dsRNA의 정확한 길이는 막대 아래에 표시된다. 도 16a, 16c 및 16e는 pGL2 대조표준 및 pRL-TK 리포터 플라스미드로 수행된 실험을 기재한 것이며, 도 16b, 16d 및 16f는 pGL3-대조표준 및 pRL-TK 리포터 플라스미드로 수행된 실험을 기재한 것이다. 이러한 데이터는 2개의 독립된 실험 ±표준 편차로부터 평균낸 것이었다. 도 16a 및 16b는 임의의 발광 단위로 플롯팅된 고유한 Pp-luc 발현을 도시하고 있다. 도 16c 및 16d는 임의의 발광단위로 플롯팅된 Rr-luc 발현을 도시하고 있다. 도 16e 및 16f는 표준화된 표적 대 대조표준 루시퍼라제의 비를 도시한 것이다. siRNA 듀플렉스에 대한 루시퍼라제 활성의 비는 완충 대조표준(bu, 흑색 막대)에 대해 표준화되었으며, 50 또는 500 bp dsRNA에 대한 발광비는 사람화된 GFP(hG, 흑색 막대)로부터의 50 및 500bp dsRNA에 대해 관찰된 각각의 비에 대해 표준화되었다. 49 및 484bp dsRNA를 표적화하는 GL2 및 GL3 사이의 서열에서의 전반적인 차이점은 GL2와 GL3 표적물 사이의 특이성을 부여하는데 충분하지 않음(49bp 세그먼트에서 43nt 연속 동일성, 484bp 세그먼트에서 239nt 최장 연속 동일성)을 유의해야 한다[참조: Parrish, S., et al., Mol. Cell, 6:1077-1087 (2000)].
Claims (1)
- (a) 분해시키기 위한 유전자의 mRNA를 표적화하는 약 21개 내지 약 23개 뉴클레오티드의 RNA를 세포 또는 생물체로 도입시키는 단계;
(b) 상기 유전자의 mRNA의 분해가 일어나는 조건하에서 상기 시험 세포 또는 시험 생물체를 유지시켜, 상기 유전자의 mRNA가 분해된 시험 세포 또는 시험 생물체를 생산하는 단계; 및
(c) 상기 (b)에서 생산된 시험 세포 또는 시험 생물체의 표현형을 관찰하고, 임의적으로, 관찰된 표현형을 적절한 대조군 세포 또는 대조군 생물체의 표현형과 비교하여, 유전자의 기능에 관한 정보를 제공하는 단계
를 포함하는, 세포 또는 생물체에서 유전자의 기능을 조사하는 방법.
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