JP7355775B2 - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7355775B2 JP7355775B2 JP2021035464A JP2021035464A JP7355775B2 JP 7355775 B2 JP7355775 B2 JP 7355775B2 JP 2021035464 A JP2021035464 A JP 2021035464A JP 2021035464 A JP2021035464 A JP 2021035464A JP 7355775 B2 JP7355775 B2 JP 7355775B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
- coat layer
- downstream
- gas purification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 202
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 120
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 175
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 152
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 162
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 45
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 30
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 18
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 specifically Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004075 acetic anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;diacetate Chemical compound [Sr+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0864—Oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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Description
(1)基材と該基材上にコートされている触媒コート層とを有する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
触媒コート層が、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して上流側の端部から形成されている上流側コート層と、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して下流側の端部から形成されている下流側コート層とを有し、
下流側コート層が、触媒金属としてのRhと、アルミナ(Al2O3)-セリア(CeO2)-ジルコニア(ZrO2)複合酸化物(ACZ)と、アルカリ土類金属とを含む、
排ガス浄化用触媒。
(2)アルカリ土類金属がバリウム及び/又はストロンチウムである、(1)に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(3)アルカリ土類金属の含有量が、Rhの物質量1molに対して、2mol~9molである、(1)又は(2)に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(4)上流側コート層が、触媒金属としてのPd及び/又はPtを含む、(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(5)上流側コート層と下流側コート層とが重なっており、上流側コート層が、下流側コート層の下に配置されている、(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(6)上流側コート層の幅が、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して上流側の端部から、排ガス浄化用触媒における基材の全長の20%~50%である、(1)~(5)のいずれか1つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(7)下流側コート層の幅が、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して下流側の端部から、排ガス浄化用触媒における基材の全長の60%~80%である、(1)~(6)のいずれか1つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
本明細書では、適宜図面を参照して本発明の特徴を説明する。図面では、明確化のために各部の寸法及び形状を誇張しており、実際の寸法及び形状を正確に描写してはいない。それ故、本発明の技術的範囲は、これら図面に表された各部の寸法及び形状に限定されるものではない。なお、本発明の排ガス浄化用触媒は、以下の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、当業者が行い得る変更、改良等を施した種々の形態にて実施することができる。
基材としては、公知のハニカム形状を有する基材を使用することができ、具体的には、ハニカム形状のモノリス基材(ハニカムフィルタ、高密度ハニカム等)等が好適に採用される。また、このような基材の材質も特に制限されず、コージェライト、炭化ケイ素、シリカ、アルミナ、ムライト等のセラミックスからなる基材や、クロム及びアルミニウムを含むステンレススチール等の金属からなる基材が好適に採用される。これらの中でも、コストの観点から、コージェライトであることが好ましい。
触媒コート層は、上流側コート層と、下流側コート層とを少なくとも有する。
下流側コート層は、触媒金属としてのRhと、アルミナ-セリア-ジルコニア複合酸化物(ACZ)と、アルカリ土類金属とを含む。
上流側コート層は、触媒金属を含む。
本発明の排ガス浄化用触媒は、前記で説明した排ガス浄化用触媒の構成成分を使用すること以外は、公知のコーティング技術を使用して製造することができる。
本発明の排ガス浄化用触媒は、リッチ雰囲気での排ガス浄化性能において大きく効果を発揮することができ、リッチ雰囲気で余剰のHC等が排ガス浄化用触媒に吸着して、当該排ガス浄化用触媒を被毒し得るような環境下においても使用することができる高いHC被毒抑制効果を発現する排ガス浄化用触媒として使用することができる。
材料1(Al2O3)
:La2O3複合化Al2O3
(La2O3:1重量%~10重量%)
材料2(ACZ複合酸化物)
:Al2O3-CeO2-ZrO2複合酸化物
(Al2O3:10重量%~55重量%)
(CeO2:15重量%~30重量%)
(ZrO2:30重量%~60重量%)
(Nd2O3、La2O3、Y2O3が微量添加され、高耐熱化が施されたもの)
材料3(CZ複合酸化物1又はCZ1)
:CeO2-ZrO2複合酸化物
(CeO2:40重量%、ZrO2:50重量%、La2O3:5重量%、Y2O3:5重量%)
(特開2011-219329号公報に基づいて調製)
材料4(Pd薬液)
:硝酸パラジウム(硝酸Pd)
材料5(Rh薬液)
:硝酸ロジウム(硝酸Rh)
材料6(硫酸Ba)
:硫酸バリウム
材料7(CZ複合酸化物2又はCZ2)
:CeO2-ZrO2複合酸化物
(CeO2:30重量%、ZrO2:60重量%、La2O3:5重量%、Y2O3:5重量%)
材料8(酢酸Sr)
:酢酸ストロンチウム
基材
:875cc(600セル六角 壁厚2mil)のコージェライトハニカム基材
実施例1
最初に、蒸留水に、撹拌しながら、材料4(Pd薬液)、材料1(Al2O3)、材料2(ACZ複合酸化物)、材料3(CZ複合酸化物1)、材料6(硫酸Ba)、及びAl2O3系バインダーを投入し、懸濁したスラリー1を調製した。
実施例1において、スラリー2における材料6(硫酸Ba)の添加量を、硫酸Baとして基材の下流側コート層が塗布される部分の容量1Lに対して5.0g(5.0g/L-zone)になるように調整した以外は、実施例1と同様に、排ガス浄化用触媒を調製した。
実施例1において、スラリー2における材料6(硫酸Ba)の添加量を、硫酸Baとして基材の下流側コート層が塗布される部分の容量1Lに対して15.1g(15.1g/L-zone)になるように調整した以外は、実施例1と同様に、排ガス浄化用触媒を調製した。
実施例1において、スラリー2における材料6(硫酸Ba)を材料8(酢酸Sr)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に、排ガス浄化用触媒を調製した。
実施例1において、スラリー2における材料2(ACZ複合酸化物)を材料7(CZ複合酸化物2)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に、排ガス浄化用触媒を調製した。
最初に、蒸留水に、撹拌しながら、材料5(Rh薬液)、材料1(Al2O3)、材料2(ACZ複合酸化物)、材料3(CZ複合酸化物1)、材料6(硫酸Ba)、Al2O3系バインダーを投入し、懸濁したスラリー2を調製した。
実施例1における排ガス浄化用触媒の上流側と下流側とを入れ替えた(すなわち、実施例1における排ガス浄化用触媒の上流側コート層(前部)が下流側コート層(後部)になり、下流側コート層(後部)が上流側コート層(前部)になる)以外は、実施例1と同様に、排ガス浄化用触媒を調製した。
実施例1において、スラリー2における材料6(硫酸Ba)を使用しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に、排ガス浄化用触媒を調製した。
実施例1において、スラリー2における材料2(ACZ複合酸化物)を材料7(CZ複合酸化物2)に変更し、スラリー2における材料3(CZ複合酸化物1)を使用しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に、排ガス浄化用触媒を調製した。
実施例1~4及び比較例1~5について、実際のエンジンを用いて以下の耐久試験を実施した。
各排ガス浄化用触媒を、V型8気筒エンジンの排気系にそれぞれ装着し、触媒床温950℃で50時間にわたって、ストイキ及びリーンの各雰囲気の排ガスを一定時間(3:1の比率)ずつ繰り返して流すことにより行った。
3.耐久試験を実施した実施例1~4及び比較例1~5の排ガス浄化用触媒について、実際のエンジンを用いて以下の性能評価を実施した。
各排ガス浄化用触媒を、L型4気筒エンジンの排気系にそれぞれ装着し、空燃比(A/F)が14.4の排ガスを供給し、入りガス温度が550℃になった際のNOx浄化率をリッチ雰囲気でのNOx浄化率とした。
各排ガス浄化用触媒を、L型4気筒エンジンの排気系にそれぞれ装着し、Ga=22/s、600℃の条件下、A/Fが14.1と15.1になるようにA/Fフィードバック制御を行った。ストイキ点とA/Fセンサ出力の差分より、酸素の過不足を以下の式から算出し、Ga=22/s、600℃での最大酸素吸蔵量をOSCとして評価した。
OSC(g)=0.23×ΔA/F×噴射燃料量
表2に各排ガス浄化用触媒のリッチ雰囲気でのNOx浄化率及びOSC結果を示す。
Claims (6)
- 基材と該基材上にコートされている触媒コート層とを有する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
触媒コート層が、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して上流側の端部から形成されている上流側コート層と、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して下流側の端部から形成されている下流側コート層とを有し、
下流側コート層が、触媒金属としてのRhと、アルミナ-セリア-ジルコニア複合酸化物と、アルカリ土類金属とを含み、
アルカリ土類金属の含有量が、Rhの物質量1molに対して、2mol~9molである、
排ガス浄化用触媒。 - アルカリ土類金属がバリウム及び/又はストロンチウムである、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 上流側コート層が、触媒金属としてのPd及び/又はPtを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 上流側コート層と下流側コート層とが重なっており、上流側コート層が、下流側コート層の下に配置されている、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 上流側コート層の幅が、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して上流側の端部から、排ガス浄化用触媒における基材の全長の20%~50%である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 下流側コート層の幅が、排ガス浄化用触媒における排ガス流れ方向に対して下流側の端部から、排ガス浄化用触媒における基材の全長の60%~80%である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
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