DK163248B - Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse af en fast komponent ved fremstilling af denne - Google Patents
Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse af en fast komponent ved fremstilling af denne Download PDFInfo
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- DK163248B DK163248B DK349881A DK349881A DK163248B DK 163248 B DK163248 B DK 163248B DK 349881 A DK349881 A DK 349881A DK 349881 A DK349881 A DK 349881A DK 163248 B DK163248 B DK 163248B
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- compound
- dihalide
- component
- catalyst
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 alkyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125810 compound 20 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N gtpl8555 Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](B1O[C@@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](C3(C)C)C[C@H]2O1)CCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical group CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002083 X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH2]OCC ZXPDYFSTVHQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- ADLSSRLDGACTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenyl silicate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ADLSSRLDGACTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBESESLMNJYGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J Cc1cccc(C)c1O[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C)c1O[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl KBESESLMNJYGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZDPONITMCBDOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ethoxy(diphenyl)silyl] triethyl silicate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](OCC)(O[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GZDPONITMCBDOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XGZGKDQVCBHSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC XGZGKDQVCBHSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- JEZFASCUIZYYEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](Cl)(OCC)OCC JEZFASCUIZYYEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEYKSONZGURWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-diethoxy-phenylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](Cl)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LEYKSONZGURWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVJXKUWNRVOUTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(triphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZVJXKUWNRVOUTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWPWRAWAUYIELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-methylbenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NWPWRAWAUYIELB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYEJNNDSIXAGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-tri(propan-2-yloxy)silane Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](CC)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C MYEJNNDSIXAGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNWUDMDXRVLRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[diethoxy(phenyl)silyl]-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(N(CC)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 CNWUDMDXRVLRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YYPIRAZPRGBECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilyl acetate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OC(C)=O YYPIRAZPRGBECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYTROFMCUJZKNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl triethoxysilyl silicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)O[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC GYTROFMCUJZKNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/02—Carriers therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
DK 163248 B
i
Opfindelsen angår nye, på bærere foreliggende katalysatorer til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt en fast komponent til anvendelse ved fremstilling af disse.
5 De på bærere foreliggende, hidtil kendte, i høj grad aktive og i høj grad stereospecifikke katalysatorer til polymerisation af propylen og højere olefiner kan fremstilles ved reaktion af en Al-alkyl-forbindelse, der er partielt komplexeret med en elektrondonor-forbindelse 10 (ydre donor) med en fast komponent omfattende en Ti-for-bindelse og en elektrondonor-forbindelse (indre donor) understøttet på et Mg-halogen i aktiv form.
Eksempler på sådanne katalysatorer er blevet beskrevet i 15 britisk patent nr. 1 559 194 og belgisk patent nr.
868 682.
I DE-OS 3 002 879 beskrives en fremgangsmåde til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner under anvendelse af en kataly-20 sator omfattende en Ti-forbindelse på en bærer, en organo- Al -forbindelse og en elektrondonor-forbindelse. Ti-forbindelsen fremstilles ved at man bringer et Ti-haloge-nid i kontakt med copulveriserede produkter omfattende et Mg-halogenid, en organo-Si-forbindelse med mindst en al-25 koxygruppe og et halogeneret carbonhydrid.
I JP-A-74-133 498 (Chem. Abstr. vol 82 (1975), ref.
157035) beskrives katalysatorer til polymerisation af ethylen uden ydre donor.
30
Disse katalysatorer består af (a) en komponent, som er uopløselig i inerte carbonhy-drid-opløsningsmidler, og som er fremstillet ved omsæt-35 ning af et vandfrit eller hydratiseret Mg-halogenid med Si-forbindelser indeholdende alkoxygrupper ti-1 et reaktionsprodukt, som derpå omsættes med Ti- eller V-haloge- 2
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nider; samt (b) en organo-Al-forbindelse.
5 I JP-A-76-55 386 (Chem. Abstr. vol 85 (1976), ref. 78682 y) beskrives lignende katalysatorer.
De ovenfor angivne, på bærere foreliggende katalysatorer kræver tilstedeværelse af en indre donor for at føre til 10 dannelse af polymere, der har et højt isotakticitetsin-deks. Hvis man undlader den indre donor, opnås der polymere med et lavt isotakticitetsindeks.
Det har nu overraskende vist sig, at det er muligt i højt 15 udbytte at opnå polymere af alfa-olefiner med et højt isotakticitetsindeks ved at anvende Ti-holdige, på Mg-di-halogenider understøttede katalysatorer, der er fri for indre elektrondonor-forbindelser, hvis man anvender en ydre donor, der er en siliciumforbindelse indeholdende 20 Si-OR-, Si-OCOR- eller Si-NR2-bindinger.
Det har endvidere vist sig, at aktiviteten og stereospecificiteten af katalysatorerne yderligere kan forøges, hvis den siliciumforbindelse, der anvendes som ydre do-25 nor, også er til stede som indre donor i den Ti-holdige, på Mg-dihalogenid understøttede komponent i mængder, der svarer til molære forhold mellem siliciumforbindelsen og den understøttede, halogenerede Ti-forbindelse på mellem 0,1 og 5.
30
De ovenfor angivne resultater er overraskende, hvis man tager i betragtning, at man kender katalysatorer, der fremstilles ved, at man både som indre og ydre donor anvender en siliciumforbindelse, der indeholder Si-O-C-bin-35 dinger, og som ikke har egenskaber, hvad angår aktivitet og stereospecificitet, der er bedre end, hvad man kan opnå med katalysatorer, hvori en ester af benzoesyre anven- 3
DK 163248 B
des som indre og ydre donor.
De forholdsvis dårlige egenskaber af de ovenfor kendte katalysatorer hidrører fra den kendsgerning, at den Si-5 holdige indre donor er fjernet i væsentlig grad fra den Ti-holdige, understøttede komponent som resultat af fremgangsmåden til fremstilling af denne komponent.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en katalysator til po-10 lymerisation af alfa-olefiner omfattende reaktionsproduk tet af følgende komponenter: a) en organo-Al-forbindelse; 15 b) en elektrondonor-forbindelse; c) en fast komponent omfattende mindst en Ti-forbindelse understøttet på et Mg-dihalogenid i aktiv form, som er ejendommelig ved, at 20 (a) organo-Al-forbindelsen er en Al-trialkyl- eller en Al-alkyl-forbindelse indeholdende 2 eller flere Alatomer bundet til hinanden via et oxygen- eller nitrogenatom eller via SO^- eller SO^-grupper; 25 (b) elektrondonor-forbindelsen er en siliciumforbindelse indeholdende en eller flere Si-OR-, Si-OCOR- eller S i-NR2-bindinger (hvor R er et hydrocarbyl-radikal); og 30 (c) den faste komponent enten omfatter et vandfrit Mg-dihalogenid i aktiv form som essentiel bærer og, understøttet på dette Mg-dihalo-35 genid, et Ti-halogenid eller et Ti-halogenalkoholat samt en siliciumforbindelse indeholdende en eller flere Si-OR-, Si-OCOR- eller Si-NR2-bindinger (hvor 4
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R er et hydrocarbyl-radikal) i en mængde svarende til et molært forhold med den understøttede halogenerede Ti-forbindelse på 0,1 til 5 mol pr. mol af Ti-forbindelsen, eller er 5 et reaktionsprodukt af et Ti-halogenid med et addukt af et Mg-dihalogenid med en alkohol.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår endvidere en fast kom-10 ponent til anvendelse ved fremstilling af katalysatoren, og som består af et vandfrit Mg-dihalogenid i aktiv form som essentiel bærer og, understøttet på dette Mg-dihalo-genid, et Ti-halogenid eller et Ti-halogenalkoholat og en elektrondonor-forbindelse valgt blandt siliciumforbindel-15 ser indeholdende en eller flere Si-OR-, Si-OCOR- eller S i-NR2-bindinger (hvor R er et hydrocarbyl-radikal) i en mængde svarende til et molært forhold med den understøttede halogenerede Ti-forbindelse på 0,1 til 5 mol pr. mol af Ti-forbindelsen til fremstilling af den ovenfor omtal-20 te katalysator.
De aktive, vandfrie Mg-dihalogenider, der udgør den væsentligste bærer af komponent (c), er de Mg-halogenider, der i røntgenstråle-pulverspektret af komponent (c) udvi-25 ser en udfladning på mindst 30% af den mest intense diffraktionslinie, som forekommer i pulverspektret af det 2 tilsvarende dihalogenid med overfladeareal på 1 m /g, eller er de Mg-dihalogenider, der udviser et røntgenstrålepulver spektrum, hvori den mest intense diffraktionslinie 30 er erstattet af en halo, hvor intensitetstoppen er forskudt i forhold til den interplanare afstand for den mest intense linie, og/eller er de Mg-dihalogenider, der har 2 et overfladeareal over 3 m /g.
35 Målingen af overfladearealet af Mg-dihalogeniderne udføres på komponent (c) efter behandling med kogende TiCl4 i 2 timer. Den fundne værdi betragtes som overfladearealet 5
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af Mg-dihalogenidet.
Meget aktive former af Mg-dihalogenider er sådanne, der udviser et røntgenstråle-pulverspektrum, hvori den mest 5 intense diffraktionslinie, der foreligger i spektret af 2 det tilsvarende halogenid med 1 m /g overfladeareal, reduceres, hvad angår relativ intensitet, og udflades til dannelse af en halo, eller sådanne, hvori den angivne mest intense linie er erstattet af en halo, hvis intensi-10 tetstop er forskudt i forhold til den interplanare afstand af den mest intense linie. Sædvanligvis er overfladearealet af de ovenfor angivne former højere end 30 - 2 2 40 m /g, og de ligger især mellem 100 og 300 m /g.
15 Aktive former er også de, der afledes af de ovenfor angivne former ved varmebehandling i indifferente carbonhy-drid-opløsningsmidler, og som i røntgenstrålespektret viser skarpe diffraktionslinier i stedet for haloerne.
20 Den skarpe, mest intense linie af disse former viser i hvert tilfælde en udfladning på mindst 30%, hvad angår den tilsvarende linie af Mg-dihalogenidet med et over- 2 fladeareal på 1 m /g. Foretrukne Mg-dihalogenider er Mg-dichlorid og Mg-dibromid. Vandindholdet af dihalogenider-25 ne er sædvanligvis under 1 vægtprocent.
Ved Ti-halogenider eller Ti-halogenalkoholater, der er understøttet på aktivt Mg-dihalogenid, menes de ovenfor anførte forbindelser, der kan være kemisk eller fysisk 30 fikseret på bæreren, og som ikke er ekstraherbare fra komponent (c) ved behandling af denne med kogende 1,2-dichlorethan i 2 timer.
Komponenterne (a), (b) og (c) bringes til at reagere med 35 hinanden i en vilkårlig rækkefølge. Imidlertid forblander man fortrinsvis komponenterne (a) og (b), før-de bringes i kontakt med komponent (c).
6
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Forblandingen af (a) og (b) gennemføres ved temperaturer, der sædvanligvis ligger mellem stuetemperatur og den temperatur, der anvendes ved polymerisationsprocessen.
5 For-reaktionen mellem (c) og (b) kan også gennemføres ved højere temperaturer. Forbindelse (b) kan også inkorporeres og bringes til at reagere med selve komponent (c). Komponent (b) bringes til at reagere i et molært forhold i forhold til den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse, der er un-10 derstøttet på komponent (c) på mindst 1 og i et molært forhold i forhold til Al-alkyl-forbindelsen anvendt som komponent (a) på under 20, fortrinsvis mellem 0,05 og 0,3.
15 I komponent (c) ligger det molære forhold mellem Mg-diha-logenidet og den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse, der er understøttet derpå, mellem 1 og 500, og det molære forhold mellem den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse og den elektrondonor, der er understøttet på Mg-dihalogenidet, ligger 20 mellem 0,1 og 50. Den under (b) angivne siliciumforbindelse inkluderer forbindelserne med den almene formel: R SiY X , m n p' 25 hvor: R er et alkyl-, alkenyl-, aryl-, arylalkyl-, cycloalkyl-radikal med fra 1 til 20 carbonatomer; 30 Y er -OR', -0C0R', -^2’, hvor R', der enten er det samme som eller forskellig fra R, har den samme betydning som R; X er enten et halogen- eller hydrogenatom eller en 35 -OCOR"-, -NR2"-gruppe, hvor R", der enten er det samme som eller er forskellig fra R', har samme betydning som R’; 7
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m, n og p er tal med følgende værdier: m mellem 0 og 3, n mellem 1 og 4 og p mellem 0 og 1; og m+n+p er lig 4.
Andre siliciumforbindelser, der kan anvendes, er forbind-5 eiser, i hvilke to eller flere siliciumatomer er bundet til hinanden via oxygen- eller nitrogenatomer.
Eksempler på disse forbindelser er hexaethoxydisiloxan, symmetrisk diphenyltetraethoxydisiloxan 10 (C2H50) 2-Si-0-CH2-CH2-0-Si- (OC^) 2
I I
C6H5 C6»5
Foretrukne siliciumforbindelser er: phenylalkoxysilaner, 15 som phenyltriethoxy- eller trimethoxysilan, diphenyldi-methoxy- og diethoxysilan, monochlorphenyldiethoxysilan; alkylalkoxysilaner, som ethyltriethoxysilan, ethyltriiso-propoxys i1an.
20 Eksempler på andre passende forbindelser er: chlortri- ethoxysilan, acetoxytriethoxysilan, vinyltriethoxysilan, butyltriethoxysilan, triphenylmonoethoxysilan, phenyltri-cycloethoxysilan, phenyldiethoxydiethylaminosilan, tetra-phenoxysilan eller tetraalkoxysilaner, som tetramethoxy-25 silan.
Siliciumforbindelsen kan også dannes in situ, f.eks. ved reaktion mellen en halogeneret siliciumforbindelse som SiCl^ og en alkohol eller et alkoholat af Mg eller Al.
30 I katalysatorerne ifølge opfindelsen er siliciumforbindelsen til stede i en kombineret form i det faste produkt hidrørende fra reaktionen mellem de forskellige katalysatordannende komponenter, i et molært forhold mellem sili-35 ciumforbindelsen og den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse, der er større end 0,05, og som generelt ligger mellem 0,1 og 5.
8
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De Al-alkylforbindelser, der udgør komponent (a) inkluderer Al-trialkyler, såsom f.eks. Al-triethyl, Al-triisobu-tyl, Al-triisopropyl og forbindelser indeholdende to eller flere Al-atomer bundet til hinanden via hetero-atomer 5 som: (c2h5)2ai-o-ai(c2h5)2, (c2h5)2ai-n-ai(c2h5)2, ° C6H5
10 < C2H5 > 3A1 -°-S-°-A;L
0
Som angivet er Al-alkylforbindelser, hvori Al-atomer er bundet via grupper som SO^ eller SO^, også velegnede.
Al-alkyl-forbindelseme kan anvendes i blanding med Al-alkyl-halogenider som AlEt2Cl.
Komponent (c) fremstilles i henhold til forskellige metoder, hvoraf en, der også er en af de foretrukne metoder, består i samtidigt at formale Mg-dihalogenidet, Ti-halo-genidet eller Ti-halogenalkoholatet og siliciumforbindelsen, når denne anvendes, indtil de ovenfor angivne modifikationer, der er angivet for spektret af Mg-dihalogenidet, kommer til syne i røntgenstrålespektret af det for-^ malede produkt, og i at varmebehandle det formalede produkt i suspen'sion i et halogeneret carbonhydrid, såsom 1,2-dichlorethan, med påfølgende separation af det faste produkt og vask med heptan eller et lignende carbonhy-drid-opløsningsmiddel. Varigheden af behandlingen ligger generelt mellem 1 og 4 timer og afhænger af behandlingstemperaturen .
I henhold til en anden metode omsættes et addukt mellem et Mg-dihalogenid og en alkohol med TiCl^. Reaktionerne 35
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9 er beskrevet i belgisk patent nr. 868 682 og publiceret tysk patent nr. 3 022 728.
I alle de ovenfor angivne metoder indeholder det slutte-5 lige produkt et Mg-dihalogenid, der er til stede i aktiv form, som angivet i det foregående.
Andre kendte metoder, der fører til dannelsen af Mg-dihalogenid i aktiv form eller til Ti-holdige, på Mg-dihalo- 10 genid understøttede komponenter, hvori dihalogenidet er til stede i aktiv form, er baseret på følgende reaktioner: - reaktion af et Grignard-reagens eller en Mg I^-forbin- 15 delse (hvor R er et hydrocarbylradikal) eller komplek ser af de angivne Mg R2-forbindelser med Al-trialkyler, med halogeneringsmidler som AIX^ eller Al RmXn-forbindelser (X er halogen, R er hydrocarbyl, m+n = 3), SiCl^ eller HSiCl^; 20 - reaktion af et Grignard-reagens med en silanol eller polysiloxan, 1^0 eller med en alkohol og yderligere reaktion med et halogeneringsmiddel eller med TiCl4; 25 - reaktion af Mg med en alkohol og en halogensyre eller af Mg med et hydrocarbyl-halogenid og en alkohol,* - reaktion af MgO med CI2 eller AlCl^; 30 - reaktion af MgX2~nH20 (X = halogen) med et halogene ringsmiddel eller TiCl^; - reaktion af Mg-mono- eller -dialkoholater eller Mg-car-boxylater med et halogeneringsmiddel.
Ti-halogeniderne eller Ti-halogenalkoholaterne-inkluderer især Ti-tetrahalogeniderne, Ti-trihalogeniderne og Ti- 35 10
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trihalogenalkoholaterne. Foretrukne forbindelser er:
TiCl^, TiBr4, 2,6-dimethylphenoxytrichlortitan.
Ti-trihalogeniderne fremstilles i henhold til kendte me-5 toder, for eksempel ved reduktion af TiCl4 med Al eller en metalorganisk Al-forbindelse eller med hydrogen.
Ved anvendelse af Ti-trihalogeniderne kan det, for at forbedre egenskaberne af katalysatorerne, være hensigts-10 mæssigt at gennemføre en, eventuelt blot partiel, oxidation af titanet, enten under eller efter fremstillingen af komponent (c).
Til dette formål kan man anvende halogener eller iod-ha-15 logenider.
Foretrukne katalysatorer er sådanne, hvori komponent (c) fremstilles ud fra MgC^, TiCl4, en siliciumforbindelse udvalgt blandt phenyl- eller ethyltriethoxysilan eller 20 diphenyldimethoxy- eller diethoxysilan.
Komponent (a) er et Al-trialkyl, som Al-triethyl eller Al-triisobutyl.
25 En af de foretrukne metoder til fremstilling af komponent (c) består i den samtidige formaling af MgC^, TiCl4 og siliciumforbindelsen og i at behandle det formalede produkt med et halogeneret carbonhydrid som 1,2-dichlor-ethan. ; 30
Katalysatorerne ifølge opfindelsen anvendes til at poly-merisere alfa-olefinerne i henhold til kendte metoder, dvs. ved at gennemføre polymerisationen i flydende fase, enten i nærværelse eller i fravær af et indifferent car- 35 bonhydrid-opløsningsmiddel, eller i gasfase eller også ved for eksempel at kombinere et polymer i sat-ions trin i flydende fase med et trin i gasfase.
11
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Sædvanligvis ligger temperaturen mellem 40 og 160 °C, men fortrinsvis mellem 60 og 90 °C, idet man enten arbejder under atmosfærisk eller superatmosfærisk tryk.
5 Som molekylvægtsregulerende middel anvendes hydrogen eller et andet regulerende middel af kendt type.
De anvendte katalysatorer er særligt velegnede til at po-lymerisere propylen, buten-1, styren, 4-methylpenten. Ka-10 talysatorerne kan også i henhold til kendte metoder anvendes til at polymerisere blandinger af propylen og ethylen til dannelse af modificerende polypropylener med bedre chok-resistens ved lave temperaturer (de såkaldte blok-copolymere af propylen og ethylen) eller til opnåel-15 se af randomiserede krystallinske copolymere af propylen med mindre andele af ethylen.
I det følgende illustreres opfindelsen nærmere ved en række eksempler omfattende to sammenligningseksempler.
20 EKSEMPEL 1 I en autoklav af Inox-stål, der har en volumenkapacitet på 2000 ml, der er forsynet med en magnetisk omrører og 25 et termometer, der er varmestabiliseret ved 60 °C, og som holdes under tryk ved hjælp af en nitrogenatmosfære, indførte man 5 mmol triethylaluminium, 1,5 mmol phenyltri-ethoxysilan, den faste katalytiske komponent, som var fremkommet ved at omsætte TiCl^ med MgCl2*2.3 ^HgOH, 30 idet man arbejdede under de samme betingelser som dem, der er beskrevet i eksempel 1 i belgisk patent nr.
868 682, og 700 ml af gasset og vandfrit n-heptan, mens propylen også blev tilført. Den således fremstillede katalytiske komponent viste et røntgenstråle-pulverspek-35 trum, hvori den relative intensitet af den mest intense diffraktionslinie, der forekommer i spektret af MgCl, med 2 Δ et overfladeareal på 1 m /g, reduceres, idet den udflades 12
DK 163248 B
til dannelse af en halo.
Derpå tilførtes der 0,2 atm. hydrogen, og derpå blev det hele opvarmet hurtigt til 70 °C, mens man samtidigt yder-5 ligere tilførte propylen, til man opnåede et totalt tryk på 7 atm.
Dette sidst angivne tryk blev holdt konstant over hele polymerisationen ved indføring af den monomere. Efter 4 10 timer blev polymerisationen afbrudt, den polymere blev isoleret ved filtrering og blev derpå tørret. Mængden af polymer opløst i filtratet blev derpå isoleret, vejet og lagt til den polymere opløselig i kogende n-heptan med henblik på beregningen af isotakticitetsindeks. Mængden 15 af anvendt katalytisk komponent og indholdet af Ti i den angivne komponent, udbyttet af polymer i forhold til det indførte Ti, isotakticitetsindeks (I.I.) og det logaritmiske viskositetstal, λ, bestemt i tetralin ved 35 °C er alle rapporteret i tabel I.
20 EKSEMPEL 2
Man gentog eksempel 1, men under anvendelse af en fast, katalytisk komponent, der blev fremstillet som følger: 25
Vandfrit MgC^, phenyltriethoxysilan i et molært forhold Mg/Si på 6, og TiCl^ i et molært forhold på 1:1 i forhold til phenyltriethoxysilanet blev samtidigt formalet i en vibrationsmølle af typen VIBRATON fabrikeret af N.V.
30 TEMA'S, Gravenhage (Holland), med et totalt volumen på 1 liter og indeholdende 3 kg kugler af rustfrit stål med 16 mm diameter.
Formalingen blev foretaget i 72 timer under anvendelse af 35 en fyldningskoefficient på 100 g/1 totalt volumen (vakuum) med en indre temperatur i møllen på 25 °e.
13
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Indfyldning af materiale, som skal formales, i møllen, formalingen og udtagningen af møllen foretoges i en nitrogenatmosfære .
5 10 g af det samtidigt formalede produkt blev bragt i kon takt med 100 ml 1,2-dichlorethan ved 80 °C i 2 timer.
Efter denne periode fjernedes 1,2-dichlorethan ved filtrering ved 80 °C, og det residuale, faste produkt blev 10 gentagne gange vasket med n-hephan ved stuetemperatur, indtil chloridionerne forsvandt fra filtratet, og derpå blev det holdt i heptanisk suspension.
De således fremstillede, katalytiske komponenter udviste 15 et røntgenstråle-pulverspektrum, hvori den relative intensitet af den mest intense diffraktionslinie, der fore- 2 kom i spektret af MgCl2 med et overfladeareal på 1 m /g, blev reduceret, idet den blev udfladet til dannelse af en halo.
20
Egenskaberne af den faste, katalytiske komponent og resultaterne af polymerisationsprøven er rapporteret i tabel I.
25 EKSEMPEL 3 62 g MgCl2 og 12,5 g TiCl4 blev indført i den mølle, der er beskrevet i eksempel 2, og formalet samtidigt i 60 timer ved stuetemperatur. Indholdet af titan var 3,9 vægt-30 procent.
10 g af det samtidigt formalede produkt blév bragt i kontakt med 100 ml 1,2-dichlorethan ved 80 °C i 2 timer. Det faste stof blev derpå separeret ved filtrering og blev 35 derpå vasket med en heptan ved den angivne temperatur, indtil chloridionerne forsvandt fra filtratet. Røntgenstråle-pul verspektret var af lignende art som det af den
DK 163248 B
14 katalytiske komponent i eksempel 1.
Den fremkomne, faste, katalytiske komponent blev anvendt ved polymerisationen af propylen under samme polymerisa-5 tionsbetingelser som beskrevet i eksempel 1.
Resultaterne af polymerisationen er rapporteret i tabel I.
10 EKSEMPEL 4 40 g MgC^ blev formalet i den mølle, der er beskrevet i eksempel 2, i 200 timer ved stuetemperatur.
15 10 g af det formalede produkt blev behandlet med 150 ml
TiCl^ i 2 timer ved 135 °C. Efter varm filtrering gentog man behandlingen med TiCl^. Efter vask med heptan ved 80 °C og tørring anvendte man det tørre, faste stof under de samme polymerisationsbetingelser som beskrevet i eksempel 20 1.
Den faste, katalytiske komponent viste et røntgenstråle-pulverspektrum af lignende art som det af den katalytiske komponent fra eksempel 1. Resultaterne af polymerisatio-25 nen er rapporteret i tabel I.
SAMMENLIGNINGSEKSEMPEL 1 200 mg af den faste, katalytiske komponent fremstillet i 30 henhold til eksempel 4 blev anvendt ved polymerisation af propylen under de samme betingelser som beskrevet i eksempel 1, men under anvendelse af ethyl p-toluat i stedet for PES. Resultatet af polymerisationen er rapporteret i tabel I.
35
DK 163248 B
15 SAMMENLIGNINGSEKSEMPEL 2
Man gentog sammenligningseksempel 1, men under anvendelse af den faste katalytiske komponent, der er fremstillet i 5 henhold til eksempel 3.
Resultaterne af polymerisationen er sammenstillet i tabel I.
10 15 20 25 30 35 16
DK 163248 B
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Claims (4)
1. Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner omfat-5 tende reaktionsproduktet af følgende komponenter: a) en organo-Al-forbindelse; b) en elektrondonor-forbindelse; 10 c) en fast komponent omfattende mindst en Ti-forbindelse understøttet på et Mg-dihalogenid i aktiv form, kendetegnet ved, at 15 (a) organo-Al-forbindelsen er en Al-trialkyl- eller en Al-alkyl-forbindelse indeholdende 2 eller flere Alatomer bundet til hinanden via et oxygen- eller nitrogenatom eller via SO^- eller SO^-grupper; 20 (b) elektrondonor-forbindelsen er en siliciumforbindelse indeholdende en eller flere Si-OR-, Si-OCOR- eller Si-NR2-bindinger (hvor R er et hydrocarbyl-radikal); og 25 (c) den faste komponent enten omfatter et vandfrit Mg-dihalogenid i aktiv form som essentiel bærer og, understøttet på dette Mg-dihalo-genid, et Ti-halogenid eller et Ti-halogenalkoholat 30 samt en siliciumforbindelse indeholdende en eller flere Si-OR-, Si-OCOR- eller Si-NR2-bindinger (hvor R er et hydrocarbyl-radikal) i en mængde svarende til et molært forhold med den understøttede halogenerede Ti-forbindelse på 0,1 til 5 mol pr. mol af
35 Ti-forbindelsen, eller er DK 163248 B et reaktionsprodukt af et Ti-halogenid med et addukt af et Mg-dihalogenid med en alkohol.
2. Katalysator ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, 5 at Mg-dihalogenidet i komponent (c) er Mg-dichlorid eller Mg-dibromid, at Ti-halogenidet er et Ti-tetrahalogenid, og at siliciumforbindelsen er en phenyl-di- eller -trial-koxysilan eller en alkyl-di- eller -trialkoxysilan.
3. Fast katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse ved frem stilling af katalysatoren ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den består af et vandfrit Mg-dihalo-genid i aktiv form som essentiel bærer og, understøttet på dette Mg-dihalogenid, et Ti-halogenid eller et Ti-ha-15 logenalkoholat og en elektrondonor-forbindelse valgt blandt siliciumforbindelser indeholdende en eller flere Si-OR-, Si-0C0R- eller Si-NRg-bindinger (hvor R er et hy-drocarbyl-radikal) i en mængde svarende til et molært forhold med den understøttede halogenerede Ti-forbindelse 20 på 0,1 til 5 mol pr. mol af Ti-forbindelsen.
4. Katalysatorbestanddel ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at Mg-dihalogenidet er Mg-dichlorid og Mg-dibromid, at Ti-halogenidet er et Ti-tetrahalogenid, og at 25 siliciumforbindelsen er en phenyl-di- eller -trialkoxysilan eller en alkyl-di- eller trialkoxysilan. 30 35
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IT8024141A IT1209255B (it) | 1980-08-13 | 1980-08-13 | Catalizzatori per la polimerizzazione di olefine. |
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DK349881A DK163248C (da) | 1980-08-13 | 1981-08-06 | Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse af en fast komponent ved fremstilling af denne |
DK349681A DK160256C (da) | 1980-08-13 | 1981-08-06 | Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse ved fremstilling af denne |
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YU35844B (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1981-08-31 | Montedison Spa | Process for obtaining catalysts for the polymerization of olefines |
IT1209255B (it) * | 1980-08-13 | 1989-07-16 | Montedison Spa | Catalizzatori per la polimerizzazione di olefine. |
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