DK160256B - Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse ved fremstilling af denne - Google Patents
Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse ved fremstilling af denne Download PDFInfo
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- DK160256B DK160256B DK349681A DK349681A DK160256B DK 160256 B DK160256 B DK 160256B DK 349681 A DK349681 A DK 349681A DK 349681 A DK349681 A DK 349681A DK 160256 B DK160256 B DK 160256B
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- GYTROFMCUJZKNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl triethoxysilyl silicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)O[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC GYTROFMCUJZKNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/02—Carriers therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
i
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Opfindelsen angår katalysatorer til polymerisation af a-olefiner af den i krav 1' s indledning angivne art samt katalysatorbestanddele til anvendelse ved fremstilling af disse.
5
De på bærere foreliggende, hidtil kendte, i høj grad aktive og i høj grad stereospecifikke katalysatorer til polymerisation af propylen og højere olefiner fremstilles ved reaktion mellem en Al-alkyl-forbindelse, der er par- 10 tielt komplexeret med en elektrondonorforbindelse (ydre donor) med en fast komponent omfattende en Ti-forbindelse og en elektrondonorforbindelse (indre donor) understøttet på et Mg-halogenid i aktiv form.
15 Eksempler på sådanne katalysatorer er blevet beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 1 559 194 og belgisk patent nr.
868 682.
En ydre donor bestående af siliciumforbindelser indehold- 20 ende Si-O-C-bindinger er også blevet beskrevet (japansk patentansøgning Sho 79/94590 og Sho 80/36203). Blandt de forskellige og talrige indre donorer har man også anført forbindelser som methylmethacrylat og ethylpivalat.
25 I alle de kendte katalysatorer, hvori man anvender en siliciumforbindelse med Si-O-C bindinger som ydre donor, anvender man estere af benzoesyre og derivater deraf som indre donor.
30 Effektiviteten af de ovenfor angivne katalysatorer, udtrykt ved deres aktivitet og stereospecificitet, afviger ikke fra egenskaberne af de katalysatorer, hvori ethyl-benzoat og lignende estere af benzoesyre anvendes som ydre donor.
Andre katalysatorer til polymerisation af α-olefiner er beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 1 452 314 og 1 539 900, i 35
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2 US patent nr. 4 187 196 samt i C.A., Vol 82, nr. 12, 16. juni 1975, side 24, ref 157034 f.
Det har nu overraskende vist sig, at det er muligt at 5 forøge aktiviteten og stereospecificiteten af de kendte, bårne katalysatorer, der som ydre donor omfatter en siliciumforbindelse, der indeholder Si-O-C bindinger, ved som indre donor at anvende en ester med en særlig struktur.
10 Katalysatorerne ifølge opfindelsen omfatter reaktionsproduktet mellem følgende komponenter: a) en Al-trialkylforbindelse; 15 b) en siliciumforbindelse indeholdende en eller flere
Si-OR-bindinger, hvor R er en carbonhydridgruppe, fortrinsvis en phenyl-di- eller trialkoxylan eller en alkyl-di- eller trialkoxysilan; og 20 c) en fast bestanddel omfattende et vandfrit Mg-diha-lognid i aktiv form som bærer og båret på Mg-diha-logenidet et Ti-halogenid og en elektrondonorforbindelse , 25 og de er ejendommelige ved, at elektrondonorforbindelse er 1.1 en mono- eller polyester af en mættet polycarboxylsy-re, hvor i det mindste en af estercarbonylgrupperne er 30 bundet til et tertiært eller kvaternært carbonatom eller til en lineær eller forgrenet kæde med mindst 4 carbon-atomer; 1.2 en mono- eller diester af en umættet dicarboxylsyre, 35 hvori to carboxylgrupper er bundet til vicinale, dobbeltbindingsdannende carbonatomer, og hvori carbonhydridgruppen R i -COOR-gruppen er en forgrenet, mættet eller umæt
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3 tet alkylgruppe med 3-20 carbonatomer eller er en aryl-eller arylalkylgruppe med 6-20 carbonatomer; 1.3 en mono- eller diester af en aromatisk dicarboxylsyre 5 med en COOH-gruppe i orto-position og hvor mindst en af carbonhydridgrupperne i C00R-grupperne indeholder fra 3 til 20 carbonatomer; 1.4 en mono- eller polyester af en hydroxybenzen inde-10 holdende mindst to hydroxygrupper i orto-position; 1.5 en ester af en mættet eller umættet carboxylsyre med formlen RCOOR', hvor mindst en af grupperne R, R' er en mættet eller umættet, forgrenet carbonhydridgruppe inde- 15 holdende fra 3 til 20 carbonatomer eller en arylalkylgruppe med 7 til 20 carbonatomer, eller hvor R er en acylgruppe med 3 til 20 carbonatomer, som er bundet til estercarbonylgruppen, direkte eller via en methylengrup-pe; eller 20 1.6 en ester med formlen CXKOR^, hvori mindst en af R-grupperne, der kan være ens eller forskellige, er en phe-nylgruppe.
25 Opfindelsen angår endvidere en katalysatorbestanddel af den i krav 2 angivne art.
Repræsentative estere, der er velegnet til fremstilling af komponent c), er følgende: 30
Klasse 1) diethyl-diisobytylmalonat, diethyl-n-butylmalonat, diet-hyl -n-dibutylmalonat, diethylphenylmalonat, diethyl-1,2-35 cyclohexan-dicarboxylat, dicotylsebacat, diisobutyl-adi-pat.
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4
Klasse 2) di-2-ethyl-hexyl-maleat, diisobutylmaleat, diisobuty1- 3,4-furan-dicarboxylat, di-2-ethylhexylfumarat, 2-ethyl-5 hexyl-monomaleat.
Klasse 3) diisobutyl-2,3-naphthalen-dicarboxylat, di-n-propyl-, di-10 n-butyl-, diisobutyl-, di-n-heptyl-, di-2-ethyl-hexyl-, di-n-octyl-, dineopentyl-phthalater, monobutyl- og mono-isobutyl-estere af phthalsyre, ethyl-isobutyl-phthalat, ethyl-n-butyl-phthalat.
15 Klasse 4) 1,2-diacetoxybenzen, 1-methyl-2,3-diacetoxybenzen.
Klasse 5) 20 ethylen-glycol-pivalat, 1,4-butandiol-pivalat, benzyl- og isobutylpivalat, n-propylpivalat, ethyl-diphenyl-acetat, isobutylmethylacrylat, isobutylacrylat, ethyl-benzoylace-tat, isobutylpyruvat, isobutyl-trans-3-methoxy-2-bute-25 noat.
Klasse 6) phenyl-ethylcarbonat, diphenyl-carbonat.
30
Foretrukne forbindelser er estrene af malein-, pivalin-, methacryl-, carbon- og phthalsyre.
Ved fremstillingen af komponent c) bringer man estrene i 35 kontakt med det aktive Mg-dihalogenid eller forløberne for disse dihalogenider som forud tildannede materialer, eller estrene kan dannes in situ ved hjælp af kendte re-
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5 aktioner, såsom f.eks. ved esterifleering mellem en alkohol eller et alkoholat og et aryl-halogenid eller mellem et anhydrid eller en semiester af en polycarboxylsyre med en alkohol eller ved transesterificering. Estrene kan og-5 så anvendes i blanding med andre kendte indre donorer.
De aktive vandfrie Mg-dihalogenider, der udgør den væsentligste bærer af komponent c) er de Mg-dihalogenider, der i ROntgenstråle-pulverspektret af komponent c) ud-10 viser en udfladning på mindst 30% af den mest intense diffraktionslinie, som forekommer i pulverspektret af det tilsvarende dihalogenid med overfladeareal på 1 m /g, eller er de Mg-dihalogenider, der udviser et Røntgenstråle-pul ver spektrum, hvori den mest intense diffraktions-15 linie er erstattet af en halo, hvor intensitetstoppen er forskudt i forhold til den interplanære afstand for den mest intense linie og/eller er Mg-dihalogenider, der har 2 et overfladeareal over 3 m /g.
20 Målingen af overfladearealet af Mg-dihalogeniderne udføres på komponent c) efter behandling med kogende TiCl^ i 2 timer. Den fundne værdi betragtes som overfladearealet af Mg-dihalogenidet.
25 Meget aktive former af Mg-dihalogenider er sådanne, der udviser et Røntgenstråle-pulverspektrum, hvori den mest intense diffraktionslinie, der foreligger i spektret af 2 det tilsvarende halogenid med 1 m /g overfladeareal, reduceres hvad angår intensitet og udflades til dannelse af 30 en halo, eller sådanne, hvori den angivne mest intense linie er erstattet af en halo, hvis intensitetstop er forskudt i forhold til den interplanære afstand af den mest intense linie. Sædvanligvis er overfladearealet af 2 de ovenfor angivne former højere end 30-40 m /g, og de 2 35 ligger især mellem 100 og 300 m /g.
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6
Aktive former er også de, der afledes af de ovenfor angivne former ved varmebehandling af komponent c) i indifferente carbonhydrid-opløsningsmidler, og som i Rontgen-strålespektret viser skarpe diffraktionslinier i stedet 5 for haloerne.
Den skarpe, mest intense linie af disse former viser i hvert tilfælde en udfladning på mindst 30% hvad angår den tilsvarende linie af Mg-dihalogenidet med et overflade-2 10 areal på 1 m /g. Foretrukne Mg-dihalogenider er Mg-di-chlorid og Mg-dibromid. Vandindholdet af dihalogeniderne er sædvanligvis under 1 vægt-%.
Ved Ti-halogenider eller Ti-halogenalkoholater og -este-15 re, der er understøttet på aktivt Mg-dihalogenid, menes de ovenfor anførte forbindelser, der kan være kemisk eller fysisk fixeret på bæreren, og som ikke er extraherba-re fra komponent c) ved behandling af denne med kogende 1,2-dichlorethan i 2 timer.
20
Komponenterne a), b) og c) bringes til at reagere med hinanden i vilkårlig rækkefølge; imidlertid forblander man fortrinsvis komponenterne a) og b), før de bringes i kontakt med komponent c).
25
Komponent c) kan forblandes med enten komponent a) og/-eller b). Forblandingen af a) og b) gennemføres ved temperaturer, der sædvanligvis ligger mellem stuetemperatur og den temperatur, der anvendes ved polymerisationspro-30 cessen.
Forreaktionen mellem c) og b) kan også gennemføres ved højere temperaturer. Forbindelse b) kan også inkorporeres og bringes til at reagere med selve komponent c). Kompo-35 nent b) bringes til at reagere i et molært forhold i forhold til den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse, der er understøttet på komponent c) på mindst 1 og i et molært for- 7
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hold til Al-alkyl-forbindelsen anvendt som komponent a) på under 20, fortrinsvis mellem 0,05 og 0,3.
I komponent c) ligger det molære forhold mellem Mg-diha-5 logenidet og den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse, der er anbragt derpå, mellem 1 og 500, og det molære forhold mellem den halogenerede Ti-forbindelsen og den elektrondonor, der er anbragt på Mg-dihalogenidet, ligger mellem 0,1 og 50. Den under b) angivne siliciumforbindelse in-10 cluderer forbindelserne med den almene formel: R SiY X m n p hvori: 15 R er en alkyl-, alkenyl-, aryl-, arylalkyl- eller cycloalkylgruppe med fra 1 til 20 carbonatomer; Y er -OR',-0C0R', -NR2’, hvori R’, der enten er identisk 20 med eller forskellig fra R, har den samme betydning som R; X er enten et halogen- eller et hydrogenatom eller en -0C0R", -NR2" gruppe, hvor R", der enten er identisk 25 med eller forskellig fra R', har den samme betydning som R'; m, n og p er tal med følgende værdier: 30 m mellem 0 og 3; n mellem 1 og 4; p mellem 0 og 1; og m+n+p er lig med 4.
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8
Andre siliciumforbindelser, der kan anvendes, er forbindelser, i hvilke to eller flere siliciumatomer er bundet til hinanden via oxygen- eller nitrogenatomer.
5 Eksempler på disse forbindelser er hexaethoxydisiloxan, symmetrisk diphenyltetraethoxydisiloxan (C2H50)2-Si-0-CH2-CH2-0-Si-(OC2H5)2
I I
10 C6H5 C6H5
Foretrukne siliciumforbindelser er: phenylalkoxysilaner som phenyltriethoxy- eller trimetho-15 xysilan, diphenyldimethoxy- og diethoxysilan, monochlor-phenyl-diethoxysilan; alkylalkoxysilaner såsom ethyltri-ethoxysilan, ethyltriisopropoxysilan.
Eksempler på andre passende forbindelser er: 20 chlortriethoxysilan, acetoxytriethoxysilan, vinyltriet-hoxysilan, butyltriethoxysilan, triphenylmonoethoxysilan, phenyltricycloethoxysilan, phenyldiethoxydiethylaminosi-lan, tetraphenoxysilan eller tetralkoxysilaner såsom te-25 tramethoxysilan.
Siliciumforbindelsen kan også dannes in situ. f.eks. ved reaktion mellem en halogeneret siliciumforbindelse som SiCl^ og en alkohol eller et alkoholat af Mg eller Al.
30 I katalysatorerne ifølge opfindelsen er siliciumforbindelsen tilstede i en kombineret form i det faste produkt hidrørende fra reaktionen mellem de forskellige katalysatordannende komponenter, i et molært forhold mellem sili-35 ciumforbindelsen og den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse, der er større end 0,05, og som generelt ligger mellem 0,1 og 5.
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9
De Al-alkyl-forbindelser, der udgør komponent a), omfatter Al-trialkyler, såsom f.eks. Al-triethyl, Al-triiso-butyl, Al-triisopropyl og forbindelser med to eller flere Al-atomer bundet til hinanden via hetero-atomer, såsom: 5 (C2H5)2Al-0-Al(C2H5)2, (C2H5)2A1-N-A1(C2H5)2, C6H5 10 o 11 (C2H5)2Al-0-S-0-Al(C2H5)2.
II
o 15
Som angivet er Al-alkylforbindelser, hvori Al-atomer er sammenbundet via grupper som SO^ eller SOg, også velegnede.
20 Al-alkylforbindelserne kan anvendes i blanding med Al-alkylhalogenider, såsom AlEt2Cl.
Komponent c) fremstilles i henhold til kendte metoder. En af disse metoder består i samtidigt at formale Mg-haloge-25 nidet og elektrondonorforbindelsen ifølge opfindelsen indtil de modifikationer, der er angivet i det foregående for spektret af Mg-dihalogenidet, kommer tilsyne i R5nt-genstrålespektret af det formalede produkt, hvorpå man omsætter det formalede produkt med Ti-forbindelsen.
30
Præparationer af denne type er beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 1 559 194.
Lignende præparationer er beskrevet i US patenterne nr.
35 4 107 413, 4 107 414 og 4 107 415.
10
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En anden metode består i at omsætte adduktet af et Mg-ha-logenid med en alkohol med en Ti-forbindelse i nærværelse af en elektrondonorforbindelse, der ikke indeholder aktive hydrogenatomer. Denne metode er beskrevet i belgisk 5 patent nr. 868 682, I henhold til en anden metode, der er beskrevet i tysk patentansøgning nr. 3 033 738, omsætter man adduktet mellem Mg-dihalogenidet og alkoholen i væskeform med den 10 halogenerede Ti-forbindelse og elektrondonorforbindelsen.
Yderligere metoder er beskrevet i tysk patentansøgning nr. 2 924 029, US patent nr. 4 220 554 samt i US patent nr. 4 328 122.
15
En anden metode består i samtidigt at formale Mg-di-halo-genidet, den halogenerede Ti-forbindelse og elektrondonorforbindelsen indtil aktivering af Mg-dihalogenidet og derpå behandle en suspension af det formalede produkt i 20 et halogeneret carbonhydrid, såsom 1,2-dichlorethan, chlorbenzen, methylenchlorid, hexachlorethan.
Behandlingen gennemføres ved temperaturer mellem 40 °C og kogepunktet af det halogenerede carbonhydrid i et tids-25 rum, der generelt strækker sig mellem 1 og 4 timer.
I henhold til en anden metode imprægnerer man en porøs bærer såsom SiOg eller A^Og, der har et lavt indhold af OH-grupper (fortrinsvis under 1 vægt-%) med et flydende 30 addukt mellem Mg-dihalogenidet og en alkohol; bæreren behandles derpå med et overskud af TiCl^, der i opløst tilstand indeholder elektrondonorforbindelsen i henhold til den metode, der f.eks. er beskrevet i tysk patentansøgning nr. 3 022 728 eller belgisk patent nr. 868 682.
I alle de ovenfor angivne metoder indeholder slutproduktet et Mg-dihalogenid, der er tilstede i aktiv form, som 35 11
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angivet i det foregående.
Andre kendte metoder, der fører til dannelsen af Mg-diha-logenid i aktiv form eller til Ti-holdige, på Mg-dihalo-5 genid understøttede komponenter, hvori dihalogenidet foreligger i aktiv form, er baseret på følgende reaktioner: - reaktion af et Grignard-reagens eller en Mg R2-forbind-else (hvor R er en carbonhydridgruppe) eller komplexer 10 af de angivne Mg R2~forbindelser med Al-trialkyler, med halogeneringsmidler som AIX^- eller Al RmXn~forbindelser ( X er halogen, R er et hydrocarbyl, m+n = 3),
SiCl4 eller HSiClg,· 15 - reaktion af et Grignard-reagens med en silanol eller polysiloxan, H20 eller med en alkohol og yderligere reaktion med et halogeneringsmiddel eller med TiCl4; - reaktion af Mg med en alkohol og en hydrogenhalogenid- 20 syre eller af Mg med et hydrocarbylhalogenid og en alkohol ; - reaktion af MgO med Cl2 eller AlCl^; 25 - reaktion af MgX2.nH20 (X = halogen) med et halogene ringsmiddel eller TiCl^; - reaktion af Mg-mono- eller -dialkoholater eller Mg-car-boxylater med et halogeneringsmiddel.
30
Ti-halogeniderne eller Ti-halogenalkoholaterne omfatter især Ti-tetrahalogeniderne og Ti-trihalogenalkoholaterne. Foretrukne forbindelser er: TiCl^, TiBr^, 2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy-trichlortitan.
Ti-trihalogeniderne fremkommer ved kendte metoder, f.eks. ved reduktion af TiCl^ med Al eller metalorganiske Al- 35
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12 forbindelser eller med hydrogen.
Når der anvendes Ti-trihalogenider kan det være hensigtsmæssigt for at forbedre egenskaberne af katalysatorerne 5 at gennemføre en oxidation af titanet, eventuel partiel, enten under eller efter fremstillingen af komponent c).
Til dette formål kan man anvende halogener eller iod-ha-logenider.
10
Foretrukne katalysatorer er de, hvori komponent c) fremstilles ud fra MgCl2, TiCl^ og estere af malein-, piva-lin-og phthalsyre, og hvori komponent b) er phenyl- eller ethyltriethoxysilan eller diphenyldimethoxy- eller diet-15 hoxysilan.
Komponent a) er et Al-trialkyl som Al-triethyl eller Altri isobutyl.
20 Komponent c) fremstilles i henhold til de metoder, der er beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 1 559 194, belgisk patent nr. 868 682, publiceret tysk patentansøgning nr.
2 924 029, US patent nr. 4 220 554, US patent nr. 4 328 122 eller publiceret tysk patentansøgning nr. 3 022 738.
25
Den foretrukne fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af komponent c) omfatter også samformaling af MgC^, TiCl^ og estere samt påfølgende behandling af det formalede produkt med et halogeneret carbonhydrid, såsom 1,2-dichlorethan.
30
Katalysatorerne ifølge opfindelsen anvendes til at poly-merisere a-olefiner i henhold til kendte metoder, dvs. ved polymerisation i flydende fase, enten i nærværelse eller i fravær af et indifferent carbonhydridopløsnings-35 middel, eller i gasfase eller også ved f.eks. at kombinere et polymerisationstrin i flydende fase med et trin i gasfase.
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13 Sædvanligvis ligger temperaturen mellem 40 °C og 160 °C, men fortrinsvis mellem 60 °C og 90 °C, idet man enten arbejder under atmosfærisk eller superatmosfærisk tryk.
5 Som molekylvægtsregulerende middel anvender man hydrogen eller andre regulerende midler af kendt type.
Katalysatorerne anvendes med særlig stor fordel til at polymerisere propylen, buten-1, styren, 4-methylpenten.
10 Katalysatorerne kan også anvendes i henhold til kendte metoder til at polymerisere blandinger af propylen og et-hylen til dannelse af modificerede polypropylener med bedre chok-resistens ved lave temperaturer (de såkaldte blok-copolymere af propylen og ethylen) eller til dannel-15 se af randomiserede krystallinske copolymere af propylen med mindre andele af ethylen.
1 det følgende illustreres opfindelsen ved en række eksempler .
20 EKSEMPEL 1-10 I en autoklav, der var af rustfrit stål, som havde et totalt volumen på 3 1, som var forsynet med en magnetisk 25 omrører og termoelement, der var varmestabiliseret ved 60 °C, og som blev holdt under tryk ved hjælp af en nitrogenatmosfære, indførte man 1000 ml af en suspension i afgasset og vandfri n-heptan indeholdende 5 mmol tri-ethylaluminium, phenyltriethoxysilan (PES) og en fast 30 katalytisk komponent fremstillet i henhold til eks. 1 i US patent nr. 4 328 122 , men hvorved man i stedet for ethylbenzoat anvendte de i tabel 1 angivne estere, mens man også tilførte propylen. De således fremstillede katalytiske komponenter udviste Røntgenstråle-pulverspek-35 tre, hvori den relative intensitet af den mest intense diffraktionslinie, der forekommer i spektret af MgCl0 med 2 z et overfladeareal på 1 m /g, er reduceret, idet den er
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14 udfladet til dannelse af en halo.
Autoklaven blev lukket, og derpå indførte man hydrogen op j til et tryk af 0,2 atm., temperaturen blev bragt op på 70 5 °C, og samtidigt indførte man propylen op til et totalt tryk af 7 atm.
Under polymerisationen blev trykket holdt konstant ved kontinuerlig tilførsel af monomere. Efter 4 timers forløb 10 standsedes polymerisationen ved hurtig afkøling og afgasning af den polymere opslæmning. Den polymere blev separeret fra opløsningsmidlet ved filtrering, og den blev tørret i en strøm af varm nitrogen ved 70 °C. Den mængde polymer, der var opløst i filtratet, blev derpå isoleret, 15 vejet og lagt sammen med den polymere, der var opløselig i kogende n-heptan, med henblik på beregning af det iso-taktiske index (I.I).
Mængden af anvendt katalytisk komponent og indholdet af 20 Ti i denne komponent, det molære forhold mellem phenyl-triethoxysilan og triethylaluminium, udbyttet af polymer i forhold til den indførte katalytiske komponent, isotak-ticitetsindex (I.I), overfladearealet af den faste, katalytiske komponent og det logaritmiske viskositetstal λ, 25 bestemt i tetralin ved 135 °C er rapporteret i tabel I.
EKSEMPEL 11
Eksempel 8 blev gentaget under de samme polymerisations-30 betingelser som de, der er beskrevet i eksempel 1-10, men under anvendelse af faste, katalytiske komponenter fremstillet i henhold til eksempel 7 i tysk patentansøgning nr. 2 643 143.
35 Den katalytiske komponent viste et Rontgenstråle-pulver-spektrum, hvori den relative intensitet af den mest intense diffraktionslinie, der fremkommer i spektret af 2
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15
MgCl2 med et overfladeareal på 1 m /g, reduceres, idet den udflades til dannelse af en halo. Ti-indholdet i den faste, katalytiske komponent, mængden af denne komponent, det molære forhold mellem triethylaluminium og PES og 5 resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøg er vist i tabel I.
EKSEMPEL 12
Den faste, katalytiske komponent, der er fremstillet i 10 henhold til eksempel 11, blev suspenderet i det indifferente carbonhydridopløsningsmiddel "Isopar G" (en blanding af isoparaffiniske carbonhydrider, der koger i temperaturintervallet mellem 158 og 172,5 °C) og varme behandlet ved 120 °C i 24 timer. De således fremstillede 15 katalytiske komponenter viste et ROntgenstråle-pulver-spektrum, hvori den mest intense diffraktionslinie forekom som en skarp linie, hvis bredde af den halve top imidlertid var udfladet mere end 30 % af den tilsvarende bredde af den halve top af MgCl0 med et overfladeareal på 2 z 20 1 m /g.
Den fremkomne katalytiske komponent blev anvendt under de samme polymerisationsbetingelser som de i eksempel 11 beskrevne .
25
Egenskaberne af den faste katalytiske komponent og resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøg er vist i tabel I.
Sammenligningseksempel 1 og 2.
30
Eksempel 1 blev gentaget, men under anvendelse af den faste katalytiske komponent, der er fremstillet i henhold til eksempel 1 i US patent nr. 4 328 122. Røntgenstråle-pulverspektret var af lignende art som for den katalytis-35 ke komponent i eksempel 1.
16
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Resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøgene er vist i tabel X.
Sammenligningseksempel 3 5
Eksempel 11 blev gentaget, med undtagelse af, at man anvendte den faste katalytiske komponent fremstillet i henhold til eksempel 7 i tysk patentansøgning nr. 2 643 143. R5ntgenstråle-pulverspektret var af lignende art som for 10 den katalytiske komponent i eksempel 11. Resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøgene er rapporteret i tabel I.
EKSEMPEL 13-18 15 Eksempel 1 blev gentaget under anvendelse af en fast katalytisk komponent, der er fremstillet som angivet i det følgende.
Vandfrit MgCl^, en ester, anført i tabel II, og TiCl^ i 20 et molært forhold på 1:1 i forhold til esteren, blev samformalet i en vibrerende mølle af typen VIBRATOM fremstillet af N.V. TEMA'S, Gravenhagen (Holland), med et totalt volumen på 1 liter og indeholdende 3 kg kugler af rustfrit stål med diameter 16 mm.
25
Formalingen blev foretaget i 72 timer under anvendelse af en fyldningskoefficient på 100 g/1 totalt volumen (vakuum) med en indre temperatur i møllen på 25 °C.
30 Indfyldningen af materiale i møllen, formalingen og udtagningen af møllen foretoges i en nitrogenatmosfære.
10 g af det samformalede produkt blev bragt i kontakt med 100 ml 1,2-dichlorethan ved 80 °C i 2 timer.
Efter denne periode fjernedes 1,2-dichlorethan ved filtrering ved 80 °G, og det residuale, faste produkt blev 35 17
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gentagne gange vasket med n-heptan ved stuetemperatur, indtil chloridionerne forsvandt fra filteret, og derpå blev det holdt i en heptanisk suspension.
5 De således fremstillede katalytiske komponenter udviste et Røntgenstråle-pulverspektrum, hvori den relative intensitet af den mest intense diffraktionslinie, der fore- 2 kom i spektret af MgClg med et overfladeareal på 1 m /g, blev reduceret, idet den blev udfladet til dannelse af en 10 halo.
Esteren, egenskaberne af den faste katalytiske komponent og resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøgene er vist i tabel II.
15 EKSEMPEL 19-26
Eksempel 1 blev gentaget, idet man dog anvendte en fast katalytisk komponent fremstillet i henhold til eksempel 3 20 i SE patent nr. 446402.
Et fast addukt MgC^.Z,5 C2HJ-OH i form af sfæriske partikler blev langsomt tilsat til en suspension af et addukt af TiCL.-ester under anvendelse af molære forhold 4 25 Mg/ester på 10 og TiCl^/C2HgOH på 10,
Blandingen blev derpå opvarmet til 100 °C, holdt ved denne temperatur i 2 timer og derpå filtreret ved 100 °C.
Det resulterende, faste produkt blev derpå behandlet med 30 110 ml TiCl^ ved 120 °C i 2 timer. Efter denne periode fjernede man TiCl^ ved filtrering, og tørstoffet blev derpå vasket med n-heptan ved temperaturer, der aftog fra 90 °C til stuetemperatur, indtil chlorionerne forsvandt fra filtratet og derpå holdt i heptanisk opløsning.
De således fremstillede, katalytiske komponenter udviste de samme Røntgenstråle-spektre, af lignende art som af 35 18
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den katalytiske komponent fra eksempel 1-10.
Estrene, egenskaberne af den faste katalytiske komponent og resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøgene er vist i 5 tabel III.
Sammenligningseksempel 4.
Man gentog eksempel 19, men under anvendelse af den faste 10 katalytiske komponent, der er fremstillet i henhold til eksempel 3 i SE patent nr. 446402. Rdntgenstrålespektret af denne katalytiske komponent var af lignende art som for komponenterne i eksempel 1-10. Egenskaberne af det faste produkt og resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøgene 15 er angivet i tabel III.
EKSEMPEL 27 - 29
Eksempel 1 blev gentaget, men man anvendte en fast kata-20 lytisk komponent fremstillet i henhold til eksempel 1 i tysk patentansøgning nr. 3 022 738, hvor man i stedet for ethylbenzoat anvendte estere af phthaltsyre, som anført i tabel IV. Behandlingen med TiCl^ blev udført ved 120 °C.
25 Røntgenstrålespektret af de katalytiske komponenter var af lignende art som i eksempel 1-10.
Estertypen og forholdene er angivet i tabel IV.
30 Arbejdsbetingelserne og resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøgene er vist i tabel IV.
Sammenligningseksempel 5 35 Eksempel 27 blev gentaget, men man anvendte en fast, katalytisk komponent, der fremstilledes i henhold til eksempel 1 i tysk patentansøgning nr. 3 022 738.
19
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Arbejdsbetingelserne og resultaterne af polymerisations-forsøget er vist i tabel III.
EKSEMPEL 30 - 34 5
Man gentog eksempel 8, men i stedet for phenyltriethoxy-silan anvendte man en ækvimolekylær mængde af de alkoxy-silaner, der er vist i tabel V.
10 Egenskaberne af de katalytiske komponenter og resultaterne af polymerisationsforsøgene er vist i tabel V.
15 20 25 30 35
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Claims (2)
1. Katalysator til polymerisation af α-olefiner bestående 5 af et reaktionsprodukt af følgende bestanddele: a) en Al-trialkylforbindelse, og b) en siliciumforbindelse indeholdende en eller flere
10 Si-OR-bindinger, hvor R er en carbonhydridgruppe, for trinsvis en phenyl-di- eller trialkoxysilan eller en alkyl-di- eller trialkoxysilan, og c) en fast bestanddel omfattende et vandfrit Mg-dihalog-15 enid i aktiv form som bærer og båret på Mg-dihalogen- idet et Ti-halogenid og en elektrondonorforbindelse, kendetegnet ved, at elektrondonor forbindelsen er 20 1.1 en mono- eller polyester af en mættet polycarboxylsy-re, hvor i det mindste en af estercarbonylgrupperne er bundet til et tertiært eller kvaternært carbonatom eller til en lineær eller forgrenet kæde med mindst 4 carbonat- 25 omer; 1.2 en mono- eller diester af en umættet dicarboxylsyre, hvori to carboxylgrupper er bundet til vicinale, dobbeltbindingsdannende carbonatomer, og hvori carbonhydridgrup- 30 pen R i -COOR-gruppen er en forgrenet, mættet eller umæt- · tet alkylgruppe med 3 til 20 carbonatomer eller er en aryl- eller arylalkylgruppe med 6 til 20 carbonatomer; 1.3 en mono- eller diester af en aromatisk dicarboxylsyre 35 med en -COOH-gruppe i orto-position og hvor mindst en af carbonhydridgrupperne i -COOR-grupperne indeholder fra 3 til 20 carbonatomer; DK 160256 B 1.4 en mono- eller polyester af en hydroxybenzen indeholdende mindst to hydroxylgrupper i orto-position; 1.5 en ester af en mættet eller umættet carboxylsyre med 5 formlen RCOOR', hvor mindst en af grupperne R, R' er en mættet eller umættet, forgrenet carbonhydridgruppe indeholdende fra 3 til 20 carbonatomer eller en arylalkyl-gruppe med 7 til 20 carbonatomer, eller hvor R er en acylgruppe med 3 til 20 carbonatomer, som er bundet til 10 estercarbonylgruppen, direkte eller via en methylengrup-pe; eller 1.6 en ester med formlen COfOR^, hvori mindst en af R-grupperne, der kan være ens eller forskellige, er en 15 phenylgruppe.
2. Fast katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse ved fremstilling af katalysatoren ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den består af den faste bestanddel 20 c) i krav 1, hvor Mg-dihalogenidet er Mg-dichlorid eller Mg-dibromid, at Ti-halogenidet er Ti-tetrahalogenid, og at esteren er udvalgt fra grupperne 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 og 1.6. 25 30 35
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT8024141A IT1209255B (it) | 1980-08-13 | 1980-08-13 | Catalizzatori per la polimerizzazione di olefine. |
| IT2414180 | 1980-08-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK349681A DK349681A (da) | 1982-02-14 |
| DK160256B true DK160256B (da) | 1991-02-18 |
| DK160256C DK160256C (da) | 1991-07-22 |
Family
ID=11212191
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK349881A DK163248C (da) | 1980-08-13 | 1981-08-06 | Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse af en fast komponent ved fremstilling af denne |
| DK349681A DK160256C (da) | 1980-08-13 | 1981-08-06 | Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse ved fremstilling af denne |
| DK349781A DK164878C (da) | 1980-08-13 | 1981-08-06 | Fast katalysatorkomponent og katalysator til brug ved polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt anvendelse af katalysatoren |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK349881A DK163248C (da) | 1980-08-13 | 1981-08-06 | Katalysator til polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt katalysatorbestanddel til anvendelse af en fast komponent ved fremstilling af denne |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK349781A DK164878C (da) | 1980-08-13 | 1981-08-06 | Fast katalysatorkomponent og katalysator til brug ved polymerisation af alfa-olefiner samt anvendelse af katalysatoren |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (4) | US6515085B1 (da) |
| EP (4) | EP0045977B2 (da) |
| JP (11) | JPS5763310A (da) |
| KR (3) | KR840000803B1 (da) |
| AR (1) | AR244254A1 (da) |
| AT (4) | ATE42311T1 (da) |
| AU (3) | AU559388B2 (da) |
| BR (3) | BR8105185A (da) |
| CA (3) | CA1185961A (da) |
| CS (2) | CS226436B2 (da) |
| DE (4) | DE3177032D1 (da) |
| DK (3) | DK163248C (da) |
| ES (3) | ES8300794A1 (da) |
| FI (3) | FI70030C (da) |
| HU (3) | HU186399B (da) |
| IN (3) | IN155867B (da) |
| IT (1) | IT1209255B (da) |
| MX (3) | MX159065A (da) |
| NO (3) | NO159283C (da) |
| PH (3) | PH17748A (da) |
| PL (3) | PL140239B1 (da) |
| PT (3) | PT73499B (da) |
| RU (1) | RU2111975C1 (da) |
| SG (1) | SG33087G (da) |
| SU (2) | SU1457813A3 (da) |
| YU (3) | YU42419B (da) |
| ZA (3) | ZA815496B (da) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992019658A1 (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-12 | Neste Oy | Coarse grained polyolefin, production thereof and a procatalyst containing a transesterification product between a lower alcohol and dioctylphthalate used therefore |
| WO1992019653A1 (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-12 | Neste Oy | A procatalyst for polymerization of olefins containing a trans-esterification product of a lower alcohol and a phthalic acid ester |
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| JPWO2024204844A1 (da) | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | ||
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| EP4636026A1 (en) | 2024-04-19 | 2025-10-22 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Polyolefin compositions obtained from recycled polyolefins |
| EP4636022A1 (en) | 2024-04-19 | 2025-10-22 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Polyolefins compositions obtained from recycled polyolefins |
| EP4636025A1 (en) | 2024-04-19 | 2025-10-22 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Polyolefins compositions obtained from recycled polyolefins |
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| EP4660239A1 (en) | 2024-06-06 | 2025-12-10 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Polypropylene compositions containing recycled polyolefins |
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| EP4667525A1 (en) | 2024-06-19 | 2025-12-24 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Transparent recycled polypropylene composition |
| EP4667524A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 | 2025-12-24 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Recycled polyolefin composition having improved impact properties |
| EP4667218A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 | 2025-12-24 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.r.l. | Recycled polyolefin composition having improoved impact properties |
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- 1981-08-10 ZA ZA815491A patent/ZA815491B/xx unknown
- 1981-08-10 PT PT73501A patent/PT73501A/pt unknown
- 1981-08-10 PT PT73500A patent/PT73500A/pt unknown
- 1981-08-11 AU AU73971/81A patent/AU559388B2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-08-11 PL PL1981232576A patent/PL140239B1/pl unknown
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- 1981-08-12 CS CS816045A patent/CS226436B2/cs unknown
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- 1981-08-12 YU YU1959/81A patent/YU42419B/xx unknown
- 1981-08-12 SU SU813450787A patent/SU1568890A3/ru active
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- 1981-08-12 BR BR8105185A patent/BR8105185A/pt unknown
- 1981-08-12 HU HU812342A patent/HU186400B/hu unknown
- 1981-08-12 HU HU812341A patent/HU186397B/hu unknown
- 1981-08-12 MX MX188710A patent/MX159065A/es unknown
- 1981-08-12 YU YU1957/81A patent/YU42579B/xx unknown
- 1981-08-12 CA CA000383709A patent/CA1174225A/en not_active Expired
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- 1981-08-12 ES ES504716A patent/ES8300795A1/es not_active Expired
- 1981-08-12 RU SU3397401A patent/RU2111975C1/ru active
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1987
- 1987-04-10 SG SG330/87A patent/SG33087G/en unknown
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1990
- 1990-08-20 JP JP2217248A patent/JPH03115310A/ja active Granted
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1991
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1994
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1995
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1996
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992019658A1 (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-12 | Neste Oy | Coarse grained polyolefin, production thereof and a procatalyst containing a transesterification product between a lower alcohol and dioctylphthalate used therefore |
| WO1992019653A1 (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-12 | Neste Oy | A procatalyst for polymerization of olefins containing a trans-esterification product of a lower alcohol and a phthalic acid ester |
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| PUP | Patent expired |