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CN113678134B - 牲畜电子识别标签识读器同步化 - Google Patents

牲畜电子识别标签识读器同步化 Download PDF

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CN113678134B
CN113678134B CN201980095157.8A CN201980095157A CN113678134B CN 113678134 B CN113678134 B CN 113678134B CN 201980095157 A CN201980095157 A CN 201980095157A CN 113678134 B CN113678134 B CN 113678134B
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beat
signal
livestock
electronic identification
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CN113678134A (zh
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L·A·贝特曼
B·T·J·威尔金森
B·A·克莱顿
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Allflex Australia Pty Ltd
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    • A01K11/00—Marking of animals
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K11/00—Marking of animals
    • A01K11/001—Ear-tags
    • A01K11/004—Ear-tags with electronic identification means, e.g. transponders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
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    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07758—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
    • G06K19/07762—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag the adhering arrangement making the record carrier wearable, e.g. having the form of a ring, watch, glove or bracelet
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
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    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
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    • G06K7/10415—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being fixed in its position, such as an access control device for reading wireless access cards, or a wireless ATM
    • G06K7/10425—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being fixed in its position, such as an access control device for reading wireless access cards, or a wireless ATM the interrogation device being arranged for interrogation of record carriers passing by the interrogation device
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    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10366—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
    • G06K7/10475—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications arrangements to facilitate interaction with further interrogation devices, e.g. such that at least two interrogation devices may function and cooperate in a network of such devices

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Abstract

用于使牲畜电子识别标签识读器同步以读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签的方法。实施例包括使用来自全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的脉冲，调整参考节拍信号与本地节拍信号之间的误差，以及使用同步信号。

Description

牲畜电子识别标签识读器同步化
技术领域
本发明涉及用于读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签的牲畜电子识别标签识读器的同步化。
背景技术
牲畜电子识别标签可用于牲畜识别。标签牢固附连至牲畜，通常是牲畜耳朵上。通过读取标签可对牲畜进行唯一识别。识读器位于某些区域以读取牲畜的标签。
发明内容
在第一实施例中，提供了一种方法，包括：接收来自全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的脉冲；基于该脉冲计算发送周期和接收周期；在发送周期期间，向附连至牲畜的电子标签发送信号；以及在接收周期期间，监测来自附连至牲畜的电子标签接收到的信号；其中，该方法由牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行，牲畜电子识别标签识读器配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
在第二示例性实施例中，提供了一种牲畜电子识别标签识读器，包括：GNSS接收机，配置为生成脉冲；节拍计算模块，配置为基于该脉冲计算发送周期和接收周期；信号发送器模块，配置为在发送周期期间向附连至牲畜的电子标签发送信号；和信号接收器模块，配置为在接收周期期间监测来自附连至牲畜的电子标签接收到的信号。
在第三示例性实施例中，提供了一种方法，包括：接收参考节拍信号；在本地节拍信号发生器中生成本地节拍信号，该本地节拍信号对应于发送周期和接收周期，在发送周期期间，向牲畜电子识别标签发送信号，在接收周期期间，监测来自牲畜电子识别标签的信号；判定参考节拍信号与本地节拍信号之间的误差；以及基于该误差调整本地节拍信号发生器，以最小化参考节拍信号与本地节拍信号之间的差异；其中，该方法由牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行，该牲畜电子识别标签识读器配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
在第四示例性实施例中，提供了一种牲畜电子识别标签识读器，包括：节拍信号接收器，配置为接收参考节拍信号；本地节拍信号发生器，配置为生成本地节拍信号，该本地节拍信号对应于发送周期和接收周期，在发送周期期间，向牲畜电子识别标签发送信号，在接收周期期间，监测来自牲畜电子识别标签的信号；误差计算模块，配置为判定参考节拍信号与本地节拍信号之间的误差；和误差调整模块，配置为基于该误差调整本地节拍信号发生器，以最小化参考节拍信号与本地节拍信号之间的差异。
在第五示例性实施例中，提供了一种用于读取附连至牲畜的电子标签的方法，包括：生成同步信号；编码同步信号以生成编码同步信号；以及将编码同步信号发送给一个或多个从识读器；其中，该方法由与一个或多个从识读器通信的主识读器执行，每个从识读器即为牲畜电子识别标签识读器，配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
在第六示例性实施例中，提供了一种识读器，包括：同步信号发生器，配置为生成同步信号；同步信号编码器模块，配置为编码该同步信号以生成编码同步信号；和同步信号传输模块，配置为将编码同步信号发送给一个或多个从识读器；其中，该识读器是与一个或多个从识读器通信的主识读器，每个从识读器即为牲畜电子识别标签识读器，配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
在第七示例性实施例中，提供了一种方法，包括：接收来自主识读器的编码同步信号；解码该编码同步信号以获得解码同步信号；基于该解码同步信号使节拍(cadence)同步；以及根据节拍进行操作；其中，该方法由从识读器执行，从识读器与主识读器通信，该从识读器即为牲畜电子识别标签识读器，配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
在第八示例性实施例中，提供了一种牲畜电子识别标签识读器，包括：同步信号接收器模块，配置为接收来自主识读器的编码同步信号；同步信号解码模块，配置为解码该编码同步信号以获得解码同步信号；和节拍同步模块，配置为基于该解码同步信号使节拍同步；其中，该识读器配置为根据节拍读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
附图说明
下面通过示例的方式参照附图对本发明进行描述，附图中仅示出了本发明的一些实施例。但是，这些实施例仅供说明之用。本发明并不限于附图和相应说明书中的具体细节。
图1是示例性识读器系统的示图，其中的牲畜电子标签识读器是同步的；
图2是一种用于生成同步信号的示例性方法示图；
图3是一种基于同步信号同步识读器的示例性方法示图；
图4是一种基于GNSS同步识读器的示例性方法示图
图5是一种如何提高节拍信号发生器精度的示例性方法示图；和
图6是示例性识读器示图。
具体实施方式
在一些实施例中，提供了使识读器相互同步的方法。同步是指每个识读器约在同一时间进入发送模式，并且约在同一时间进入接收模式。
系统
图1示出了示例性识读器系统，其中的牲畜电子标签识读器是同步的。
该系统具有多个牲畜电子标签识读器110，分布在畜牧场等区域的周围。每个牲畜电子标签识读器与牲畜可通过的跑道(race)120相关联。跑道120可位于相同区域之间的出入口处，以提高牲畜通过这些区域的吞吐量。
在某些情况下，识读器110可相隔数百米，广泛分布于一个区域内。例如，在一系列围栏中，一个或多个识读器可位于每个入口和出口处。
使用时，牲畜130经过识读器110中的一个或多个。附连至每头牲畜(例如，每头牲畜的耳朵)的牲畜电子识别标签131由一个或多个识读器110读取。这使得识读器系统可识别和监控整个区域内的牲畜的身份和位置。
标签131由在发送模式期间发送激励信号的识读器110读取。接收激励信号时，标签通电并发送标识符。该标识符是该牲畜的一个96位唯一代码。如果有多个标签131附连至同一牲畜，则每个标签131使用同一标识符。该标识符在识读器接收模式期间由一个或多个识读器110接收。
与标识符相比，激励信号的传输功率相对较高。实际上，如果识读器110正在生成激励信号，则识读器110(同一识读器或不同的识读器)不可能接收到标识符。为了避免这种情况，同步识读器110，使其大致同时进入发送模式和接收模式。
将识读器中的一个指定为主识读器111，并将剩余的识读器110指定为从识读器。主识读器111配置成为每个识读器110设置节拍。也就是说，由主识读器111判定识读器110进入发送模式的时间和识读器110进入接收模式的时间。这部分地通过主识读器111向从识读器发送无线同步信号实现。可选择大致位于识读器110中间的识读器或无线通信链路良好可最小化传输时间的识读器为主识读器111。主识读器111可以以与其他识读器110相同的方式操作。
此外，每个识读器110都可维持本地节拍发生器。这可用于同步信号之间的节拍，或用于在主识读器111无法发送同步信号时。
由于该同步信号，识读器110大致同时进入发送模式和接收模式。例如，每个识读器110进入发送模式或每个识读器110进入接收模式的范围约为250ps。
在某些情况下，识读器110中的一个或多个可以是中继器，将来自主识读器111的同步信号发送给不在主识读器111通信范围内的其他从识读器110。
利用同步信号同步
图2示出了一种用于生成同步信号的示例性方法。
在步骤201中，生成模拟节拍信号。这通常在主识读器中实现。生成模拟节拍信号是为了判定牲畜电子标签识读器进入发送模式或接收模式的时间。
该模拟节拍信号具有预定周期。例如，该周期约为60ms或100ms。因此，将该周期映射到识读器完成一次发送模式和一次接收模式所需要的时间。模拟节拍信号的高部分对应于发送模式，而模拟节拍信号的低部分对应于接收模式。这些模式的比率可从一组预定节拍中选择。例如，接收与发送之比可以是80:20、50:50或40:20中的一个。
该模拟节拍信号可直接用于主识读器，以控制其自身的发送模式和接收模式。
模拟节拍信号可在主识读器的节拍信号发生器中生成。例如，该节拍信号发生器可以是振荡器，如压控振荡器。
在步骤202中，数字化模拟节拍信号以生成数字同步信号。
这可通过主识读器的模数转换器执行，模数转换器可作为集成电路来实现。采样频率可基于模拟节拍信号所需的精度和(或)周期来设置。对于100ms节拍信号而言，1kHz的采样频率已足够。
在一些实施例中，可直接生成数字同步信号，而无需首先生成模拟节拍信号。例如，可基于硬件节拍信号发生器(如本地振荡器)在主识读器的处理器中生成。在节拍信号发生器以高于数字同步信号的频率运行时，可通过分频本地振荡器的信号来生成数字同步信号。
在步骤203中，编码数字同步信号以生成编码同步信号。
编码可以包括基于数字同步信号判定周期和(或)节拍，并将这些周期和(或)节拍编码成表示信号的字节。因此，编码同步信号的数据量明显低于数字同步信号。
编码同步信号可以是字节序列(即8位字节序列)。编码同步信号的第一部分可以是预定的同步序列，用以指示编码同步信号的起始，使得节拍的起始时间同步。该预定序列可以是与识读器系统相关联的序列。这使得在同一地理区域内运行的两个主识读器可分别设置其从识读器系统的节拍：每个从识读器只可根据具有特定同步序列的同步信号运行。
编码同步信号的第二部分可以是节拍序列。该节拍序列可以是指示节拍比和(或)节拍周期的字节序列。
在一些情况下，节拍序列是节拍字典的索引。节拍字典是索引到特定节拍比和(或)节拍周期的映射。例如，节拍字典中的第一索引可对应于收发比为80:20的100ms周期，而节拍字典中的第二索引可对应于收发比为40:20的60ms周期。节拍字典可预先存储在主识读器和每个从识读器中。
在其他情况下，节拍序列直接编码节拍比和/或节拍周期。例如，节拍序列的第一字节序列可与周期的毫秒整数相关，节拍序列的第二字节序列可与接收模式的周期相关，而节拍序列的第三字节序列可与发送模式的周期相关。
编码还可以包括将校验信息或冗余信息列为一部分，以确保接收器(recipient)正确接收编码同步信号及其包含的信息。
编码同步信号还包括与主识读器相关的其他信息。例如，包括主识读器的模式或原始模拟节拍信号的同步方式。如果主识读器具有GNSS锁，使得模拟节拍信号通过GNSS同步，则可在编码同步信号中指示出来。
编码可在主识读器的信号编码模块中执行。该信号编码模块可以是配置为执行编码的硬件电路。或者，该信号编码模块可以是一系列指令，可由主识读器的处理器执行以实施编码。
在步骤204中，将编码同步信号发送给一个或多个从识读器。
这可通过相应的技术来实现，例如适当配置的IEEE 802.11或其他适合的传输协议。传输范围可配置为在主识读器的预定范围内(例如1km)由从识读器接收。
这可通过主识读器的同步信号传输模块实现。传输模块可以是配置为通过天线实施传输的硬件电路。或者，该传输模块可以是一系列指令，可由主识读器的处理器执行，以通过天线传输数据。
图3示出了一种基于同步信号同步识读器的示例性方法。
在步骤301中，由识读器接收编码同步信号。
这可在识读器的同步信号接收器模块中实现。该同步信号接收器模块可以是配置为通过天线执行接收的硬件电路。或者，该同步信号接收器模块可以是一系列指令，可由从识读器的处理器执行，以通过天线接收数据。
接收数字编码同步信号还可包括验证数字编码同步信号是否正确接收。
在步骤302中，对数字编码同步信号解码，以生成数字解码同步信号。
这可通过识别节拍起始时间来实现。该起始时间是数字解码同步信号可用时的时间。或者，该起始时间可以是在步骤201中生成模拟节拍信号的估计时间，因此，可根据数字解码同步信号可用于计算处理和传输延迟的时间来进行计算。
此外，解码还可包括从数字编码同步信号，尤其是节拍序列中提取节拍比和(或)周期。
在主识读器使用唯一同步序列的情况下，从识读器可判定数字编码同步信号的同步序列匹配预定同步序列。如果不匹配，则从识读器可省略掉其他步骤。
解码可在从识读器的信号解码模块中执行。信号解码模块可以是配置为执行解码的硬件电路。或者，信号解码模块可以是一系列指令，可由从识读器的处理器执行以实施解码。
在步骤303中，基于数字解码同步信号使节拍同步。
在本文中，节拍包括与识读器分别进入发送模式和接收模式的时间相对应的发送周期和接收周期。
使节拍同步可包括基于节拍比和周期判定发送周期和接收周期。例如，100ms节拍周期和80:20的节拍比表明识读器的发送周期应为20ms，而接收周期应为80ms。这些周期可从节拍起始时间起开始测量。
这还包括基于数字解码同步信号的节拍周期更新从识读器的节拍信号发生器。例如，该节拍信号发生器可以是振荡器，如压控振荡器。
这可在从识读器的节拍同步模块中执行。节拍同步模块可以是配置为执行同步化(例如，通过与节拍信号发生器交互)的硬件电路。或者，节拍同步模块可以是一系列指令，可由从识读器的处理器执行以实施同步化。
在步骤304中，识读器根据节拍进行操作。
这样，识读器可根据发送周期进入发送模式，并根据接收周期进入接收模式。
由于有识读器与主识读器同步，因此，识读器的发送周期和接收周期的时间大致与其他与主识读器同步的每个识读器相同。
这减少了一个识读器在另一个识读器接收时的传输干扰。
在某些情况下，识读器可基于数字解码同步信号判定不与节拍同步。该判定可基于数字编码同步信号中提供的其他信息。如果信息指示主识读器没有GNSS锁，而从识读器也没有GNSS锁，则从识读器判定可使用GNSS使节拍同步。
图2和图3中所示的方法提供了一种用于使一个或多个从识读器的节拍与主识读器同步的稳健方法。该方法减少了干扰并提高了读取的可靠性和准确性。此外，由于同步信号是数字编码信号，实践证明，即使存在其他信号的明显干扰，从识读器也可接收到该同步信号。这使得该同步信号可用于距离更远的识读器。
GNSS同步
一些识读器具有配置为保持节拍的节拍信号发生器。例如，可使用振荡器(例如压控振荡器)来保持节拍周期。通过将振荡器设置为具有预定节拍，使得识读器具有固定的发送周期和接收周期。因此，同步节拍信号发生器的节拍非常重要，可避免一个识读器的发送模式干扰另一个识读器的接收模式。
如上所述，从识读器可与主识读器同步。然而，在主识读器的同步信号不可用的情况下，加入替代方法是有必要的。例如，由于大气条件的缘故，信号传输距离可能低于预期，使得从识读器无法接收到主识读器的同步信号。
此外，有必要根据外部源使主识读器的节拍同步。这可让多个主识读器同步，使得识读器系统的地理分布更广。
一种方法是使用由GNSS接收机产生的脉冲。GNSS接收机配置为从全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收读数，例如全球定位系统(GPS)、格洛纳斯卫星导航系统(GLONASS)、北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou)或伽利略卫星导航系统(Galileo)。每个GNSS系统都有多个卫星，这些卫星在高精度原子钟的控制下以固定周期发送信号。用户可基于从多个卫星接收到的信号判定其位置。然而，由于信号的精确定时，可用其按固定间隔产生脉冲。这样的脉冲精度高，因其与卫星同步。
因此，GNSS接收机可产生与其他任何GNSS接收机同步的脉冲。通过将识读器的节拍与GNSS接收机产生的脉冲同步，每个识读器的节拍都可相互同步。
这可在主识读器中使用，以使其节拍信号发生器同步和(或)生成模拟节拍信号。由于从识读器可使用模拟节拍信号最终与主识读器同步，因此，从识读器可使用来自GNSS接收机的脉冲间接同步。
在其他情况下，该方法可在从识读器中用作来自主识读器的同步信号的备用或替代。这可提高识读器系统的准确度和弹性，因为主识读器不再只是单点故障。
该方法也可用于不在主从配置中的识读器。依靠来自GNSS接收机的脉冲，多个识读器可同步运行，而无需直接通信。
图4示出了一种基于GNSS同步识读器的示例性方法。
在步骤401中，接收来自GNSS接收机的脉冲。
该脉冲由GNSS接收机以固定周期(例如每秒)输出。可将该脉冲传输至识读器，例如，通过GNSS接收机的脉冲输出与识读器的输入之间的连接。脉冲可具有预定持续时间，例如100ms。
在步骤402中，基于脉冲使节拍同步。
在本文中，节拍包括与识读器分别进入发送模式和接收模式的时间相对应的发送周期和接收周期。
使节拍同步可包括基于脉冲的起始点设置节拍的起始点(或发送周期的起始点)。这还包括基于数字解码同步信号的节拍周期更新识读器的节拍信号发生器。例如，该节拍信号发生器可以是振荡器，如压控振荡器。
这可在识读器的节拍同步模块中执行。节拍同步模块可以是配置为执行同步化(例如，通过与节拍信号发生器和GNSS接收机交互)的硬件电路。或者，节拍同步模块可以是一系列指令，可由识读器的处理器执行以实施同步化。
在某些情况下，该节拍周期是脉冲周期的整数倍。这使得节拍周期在整数倍周期后同步。
在节拍周期不是脉冲周期的整数倍的情况下，可对脉冲实施偏移以适应此情况。例如，60ms节拍周期的整数倍并不适用于1s脉冲周期。因此，第一节拍周期可与第一脉冲同步，因为二者均在目标起始时间(例如午夜时分)发生。第十六节拍应在起始时间后960ms发生，而第十七周期应在起始时间后1020ms发生。这些均未与第二脉冲一致，该第二脉冲在起始时间后1000ms发生。因此，可基于第十六节拍加上40ms偏移量使用第二脉冲进行同步化。同样地，使用第三脉冲同步化可基于第三十三节拍加上20ms偏移量进行。然后，第五十节拍和第四脉冲同时发生。
通过这种方式使用偏移量，可使脉冲与任何节拍周期同步，即使是在节拍并非总是与脉冲同时起始的情况下。
在步骤403中，基于节拍计算发送周期和接收周期。
发送周期对应于识读器处于发送模式的周期，而接收周期对应于识读器处于接收模式的周期。这些周期的持续时间和相对定时可根据节拍周期和节拍比预先设置。
因为节拍是基于脉冲设置的，因此，可基于脉冲间接计算发送周期和接收周期。
这可在识读器的节拍计算模块中实现。该节拍计算模块可以是配置为执行计算的硬件电路。或者，该节拍计算模块可以是一系列指令，可由识读器的处理器执行以实施计算。
在步骤404中，识读器根据发送周期和接收周期进行操作。
在发送周期，识读器处于发送模式。识读器发送激励信号。可将该信号发送给附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签，以便为标签供电。
在接收周期，识读器处于接收模式。识读器监测来自标签的信号。在这种模式下，识读器可接收来自附连至牲畜的带电标签的信号。
这样，多个识读器可依赖于GNSS接收机同步化(即以同步的方式进入其发送模式和接收模式)。这减少了一个识读器的发送模式干扰另一个识读器的接收模式的几率，并且可提供更加可靠的识读器系统。
在一些实施例中，从识读器可基于来自主识读器或GNSS接收机的同步信号选择性地同步其节拍。在某些情况下，主要基于GNSS接收机同步节拍。只有在GNSS接收机无法输出信号(例如，由于大气条件的原因)时，才可使用来自主识读器的同步信号。在其他情况下，来自主识读器的同步信号主要用于同步化。然而，如果主识读器同步信号并未与GNSS接收机同步(或者换言之，主识读器没有GNSS锁)，则从识读器切换至与GNSS接收机同步。
这提高了从识读器的弹性。通过设置冗余同步方法，即使在系统的某些部分出现故障的情况下，从识读器也可继续运行。
误差校正
在上述方法中，识读器的节拍可不时同步。例如，使用GNSS接收机时，识读器的节拍可每秒同步一次。
然而，节拍周期通常明显比这短，例如，100ms或60ms。该节拍由节拍信号发生器控制，例如，识读器的压控振荡器。
节拍信号发生器随时间漂移是很常见的。例如，每个节拍周期。节拍周期往往根据节拍信号发生器的特征而增长或缩小。例如，在某些情况下，节拍周期可每秒增长10ms。
这种漂移对每个识读器是不同的。由于漂移会随时间累积，识读器往往会失去同步性。这最终可能会导致识读器系统因识读器之间的过度干扰而无法运行。
频繁同步识读器信号可避免漂移量过度累积。然而，如果无法进行这种同步(例如，因大气条件渲染导致GNSS信号无法用于同步)，这可能会阻止识读器系统的运行。
一种缓解这一状况的方法是漂移校正。该方法使得本地节拍信号(即来自节拍信号发生器的节拍信号)在较长一段时间内保持相对靠近于参考信号(即来自主识读器的同步信号的节拍或来自GNSS接收机的脉冲的节拍)。
图5示出了一种如何提高节拍信号发生器精度的示例性方法。
在步骤501中，接收参考节拍信号。
在该方法由主识读器或独立识读器(即不以主从配置运行的识读器)执行的情况下，参考节拍信号可对应于GNSS接收机产生的脉冲。
在该方法由从识读器执行的情况下，参考节拍信号可对应于GNSS接收机产生的脉冲或主识读器发送的同步信号。
这可在识读器正常运行期间进行。例如，可接收参考节拍信号用以同步。
在从主识读取器接收同步信号的情况下，这可能在识读器的同步信号接收器模块中发生。该同步信号接收器模块可以是配置为通过天线执行接收的硬件电路。或者，该同步信号接收器模块可以是一系列指令，可由识读器的处理器执行，以通过天线接收数据。
在步骤502中，生成本地节拍信号。
该信号由识读器的节拍信号发生器(例如压控振荡器)生成。这可在识读器正常运行期间进行。例如，可生成本地节拍信号以判定识读器的发送周期和接收周期。
这通常在节拍信号发生器同步之前进行。这是因为参考节拍信号和本地节拍信号在同步之后基本相同。
在步骤503中，计算参考节拍信号与本地节拍信号之间的误差。这可通过计算本地节拍信号的周期起始点与参考节拍信号的周期起始点之间的绝对时间差来实现。
本地节拍信号和参考节拍信号的周期可能不同。例如，本地节拍信号对应于100ms节拍，而参考节拍信号对应于1s脉冲。在这种情况下，基于每个信号同时起始的时间点来计算误差(例如，10节拍之后)。
这可在识读器的误差计算模块中实现。该误差计算模块可以是配置为执行计算的硬件电路。或者，该误差计算模块可以是一系列指令，可由识读器的处理器执行以实施计算。
在步骤504中，基于误差调整本地节拍信号发生器。这是为了最小化参考节拍信号与本地节拍信号之间的差异(或者换言之，最小化可在步骤503后续执行中计算的误差)。在这种情况下，最小化是指将误差降至可接受误差阈值以下。对于100ms节拍周期，可接受误差为250ps，因此，调整是为了将误差降至250ps以下。
在某些情况下，将本地节拍信号发生器调整为基于误差更早或更晚生成本地节拍信号。这可能是误差的一小部分(例如误差的50％)，以允许增量更改。例如，如果计算出的误差为每个节拍周期10ms(即，本地节拍信号比参考节拍信号晚10ms)，则可调整本地节拍信号发生器，使得后续的本地节拍信号提前5ms生成。预计这可将下一计算误差减少到5ms。
在某些情况下，只有当计算出的误差高于阈值时才可进行调整。这避免了对在实际应用中保持一致的本地节拍信号和参考节拍信号进行最小调整。例如，只有当误差大于150ps时才可进行调整。
这可在识读器的误差调整模块中实现。该误差调整模块可以是配置为执行调整的硬件电路。或者，该误差调整模块可以是一系列指令，可由识读器的处理器执行以实施调整。
这样，通过基于误差对节拍信号发生器进行调整可使随时间累积的漂移量最小化。
在主识读器或独立识读器中使用该方法的情况下，识读器可依赖对应于GNSS接收机脉冲的参考节拍信号。该方法使得来自节拍信号发生器的本地节拍信号与参考节拍信号更紧密地匹配更长时间。由于该信号会传播至从识读器，这使得系统可作为一个整体更灵活地运行。
在从识读器中使用该方法的情况下，从识读器可依赖对应于主识读器同步信号的参考节拍信号和(或)对应于GNSS接收机脉冲的参考节拍信号。该方法使得来自节拍信号发生器的本地节拍信号与参考节拍信号更紧密地匹配更长时间。这避免了一个识读器在另一个识读器接收周期期间进行较长时间传输，使得系统可作为一个整体更灵活地运行。
识读器
上述方法可在包括多个识读器的识读器系统中实现。
图6示出了一个此类的示例性识读器。该识读器具有信号发送器模块601和信号接收器模块602，信号发送器模块601用于向牲畜电子识别标签发送信号，信号接收器模块602用于接收来自牲畜电子识别标签的信号。这些模块可使用天线603(或每个使用一单独的天线)。该识读器具有节拍信号发生器604(例如压控振荡器)，配置为生成节拍信号；以及节拍计算模块605，用于基于节拍信号计算发送周期和接收周期。
识读器还具有模数转换器611，用于将模拟节拍信号转换成数字同步信号；信号编码模块612，用于生成编码同步信号；以及同步信号传输模块613，用于向从识读器发送编码同步信号。同步信号传输模块613可与天线614通信(尽管与天线603也一样)。在某些情况下，模数转换器611、信号编码模块612、同步信号传输模块613和天线614只设置在旨在用作主识读器运行的识读器上。
识读器还可具有同步信号接收器模块621，配置为接收数字编码同步信号；信号解码模块622，配置为生成数字解码同步信号；以及节拍同步模块623，配置为使节拍信号发生器604同步。同步信号接收器模块621可与天线624通信(尽管与天线603或天线614也一样)。
识读器还可具有用于接收GNSS信号的GNSS接收机631。GNSS接收机631可与天线632通信(尽管与天线603、天线614或天线624也一样)。
识读器还可具有误差计算模块641和误差调整模块642，误差计算模块641用于计算本地节拍信号与参考节拍信号之间的误差，误差计算模块641用于基于误差调整节拍信号发生器604。
在某些实施例中，可省去上述模块中的一个或多个。
虽然这些模块以单独的组件示出，但在一些实施例中，这些模块在软件中实现。也就是说，与由多个模块中的一个执行的功能相对应的计算机可执行指令存储在计算机可读介质中，例如识读器的内存652中。然后，这些执行相应功能的指令可由内存中的一个或多个处理器651执行。
说明
虽然描述了一系列步骤，但并非一定要按照规定的顺序执行这些步骤(除非上下文另有要求)。也就是说，在不同的实施例中，可乱序或并行执行这些步骤。
除非另有说明，否则术语“包括”及其他语法形式具有包含性含义。也就是说，这些术语和语法形式应被视为包含列出的组件，并且也可能包含其他未列明的组件或元素。
已通过描述一些实施例来对本发明做了说明。虽然已经对这些实施例做了详细描述，但不能视为权利要求的范围受这些详细描述的约束或限制。本领域技术人员更容易明白另外的优点和修改。所以本发明在更广泛的层面上并不限于所示出或描述的具体细节。因此，可在不脱离发明总体构思的精神或范围的情况下对这些细节进行修改。

Claims (41)

1.一种用于牲畜电子识别标签识读器的同步化的方法，包括：
无线地接收来自主识读器的同步信号；
在所述主识读器的所述同步信号不可用的情况下：
判定使用脉冲来同步节拍；
接收来自GNSS接收机的脉冲；
基于所述脉冲计算发送周期和接收周期；
在所述发送周期期间，向附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签发送信号；以及
在接收周期期间，监测来自附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签接收到的信号；
其中，所述方法由牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行，所述牲畜电子识别标签识读器配置为读取附连至牲畜的所述牲畜电子识别标签。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，基于所述脉冲计算发送周期和接收周期包括：
基于所述脉冲使节拍同步，其中，所述节拍的第一部分对应于所述发送周期，而所述节拍的第二部分对应于所述接收周期。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述同步响应于每个脉冲发生。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，判定使用所述脉冲来同步节拍包括：
判定来自所述主识读器的所述同步信号未被GNSS锁定。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述节拍的周期是所述脉冲的周期的整数倍。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述节拍的周期是100ms或60ms。
7.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述脉冲的周期为1s。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述接收周期与所述发送周期的持续时间之比为80:20、50:50或40:20。
9.一种牲畜电子识别标签识读器，包括：
GNSS接收机，配置为生成脉冲；
同步信号接收器模块，配置为无线地接收来自主识读器的同步信号；
处理器，配置为：在所述主识读器的所述同步信号不可用的情况下，
判定使用所述脉冲来同步节拍；
节拍计算模块，配置为基于所述脉冲计算发送周期和接收周期；
信号发送器模块，配置为在所述发送周期期间向附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签发送信号；和
信号接收器模块，配置为在所述接收周期期间监测来自附连至所述牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签接收到的信号。
10.根据权利要求9所述的识读器，其中，所述识读器配置为执行权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
11.一种包含指令的计算机可读介质，所述指令在由牲畜电子识别标签识读器的处理器执行时使所述牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
12.一种用于牲畜电子识别标签识读器的同步化的方法，包括：
接收参考节拍信号；
在本地节拍信号发生器处生成本地节拍信号，所述本地节拍信号对应于发送周期和接收周期，在所述发送周期期间，向牲畜电子识别标签发送信号，在所述接收周期期间，监测来自所述牲畜电子识别标签的信号；
判定所述参考节拍信号与所述本地节拍信号之间的误差；以及
基于所述误差调整所述本地节拍信号发生器，以最小化所述参考节拍信号与所述本地节拍信号之间的差异；
其中，所述方法由牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行，所述牲畜电子识别标签识读器配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述参考节拍信号基于从GNSS接收机接收到的脉冲。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述参考节拍信号是从主识读器接收到的同步信号。
15.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法在每次接收到所述参考节拍信号时重复执行。
16.根据权利要求13-14中任一项所述的方法，其中，调整所述本地节拍信号发生器包括基于所述误差调整由所述本地节拍信号发生器生成的节拍信号，使其更早或更晚发生。
17.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的方法，进一步包括：
判定所述误差是否高于阈值。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述阈值为150ps。
19.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的方法，其中，最小化差异包括使所述差异减小到可接受误差阈值以下。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述可接受误差阈值为250ps。
21.根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述本地节拍信号发生器为压控振荡器。
22.一种牲畜电子识别标签识读器，包括：
节拍信号接收器，配置为接收参考节拍信号；
本地节拍信号发生器，配置为生成本地节拍信号，所述本地节拍信号对应于发送周期和接收周期，在所述发送周期期间，向牲畜电子识别标签发送信号，在所述接收周期期间，监测来自所述牲畜电子识别标签的信号；
误差计算模块，配置为判定所述参考节拍信号与所述本地节拍信号之间的误差；以及
误差调整模块，配置为基于所述误差调整所述本地节拍信号发生器，以最小化所述参考节拍信号与所述本地节拍信号之间的差异。
23.根据权利要求22所述的识读器，其中，所述识读器配置为执行权利要求12-21中任一项所述的方法。
24.一种包含指令的计算机可读介质，所述指令在由牲畜电子识别标签识读器的处理器执行时使所述牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行权利要求12-21中任一项所述的方法。
25.一种用于读取附连至牲畜的电子标签的方法，包括：
生成同步信号；
编码所述同步信号以生成编码同步信号；以及
将所述编码同步信号无线地发送给一个或多个从识读器；
其中，所述方法由与所述一个或多个从识读器通信的主识读器执行，每个所述从识读器为牲畜电子识别标签识读器，配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法，其中，所述生成同步信号包括：
生成模拟节拍信号；以及
模拟所述模拟节拍信号以生成数字同步信号。
27.根据权利要求25或26所述的方法，其中，所述编码同步信号包括字节序列。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，所述字节序列包括用于识别所述主识读器的序列。
29.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，所述字节序列包括用于识别节拍的起始时间的序列。
30.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，所述字节序列包括用于判定发送周期与接收周期和(或)节拍的周期之比的节拍序列。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中，所述节拍序列是一组预定值中的一个。
32.根据权利要求25-26中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述编码同步信号指示所述主识读器的模式。
33.一种识读器，包括：
同步信号发生器，用以生成同步信号；
同步信号编码器模块，配置为编码所述同步信号以生成编码同步信号；和
同步信号传输模块，配置为将所述编码同步信号发送给一个或多个从识读器；
其中，所述识读器是与所述一个或多个从识读器通信的主识读器，每个所述从识读器为牲畜电子识别标签识读器，配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
34.根据权利要求22或33所述的识读器，其中，所述识读器配置为执行权利要求25-32中任一项所述的方法。
35.一种包含指令的计算机可读介质，所述指令在由牲畜电子识别标签识读器的处理器执行时使所述牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行权利要求25-32中任一项所述的方法。
36.一种用于牲畜电子识别标签识读器的同步化的方法，包括：
接收来自主识读器的编码同步信号；
解码所述编码同步信号以获得解码同步信号；
基于所述解码同步信号使节拍同步；以及
根据所述节拍进行操作；
其中，所述方法由从识读器执行，所述从识读器与主识读器通信，所述从识读器为牲畜电子识别标签识读器，配置为读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，所述操作包括：
基于所述节拍计算发送周期和接收周期；
在所述发送周期期间，向附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签发送信号；以及
在接收周期期间，监测来自附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签接收到的信号。
38.根据权利要求36或37所述的方法，其中，使节拍同步包括调整节拍信号发生器生成的节拍信号。
39.一种牲畜电子识别标签识读器，包括：
同步信号接收器模块，配置为接收来自主识读器的编码同步信号；
同步信号解码模块，配置为解码所述编码同步信号以获得解码同步信号；和
节拍同步模块，配置为基于所述解码同步信号使节拍同步；
其中，所述识读器配置为根据节拍读取附连至牲畜的牲畜电子识别标签。
40.根据权利要求22所述的识读器，其中，所述识读器配置为执行权利要求36-38中任一项所述的方法。
41.一种包含指令的计算机可读介质，所述指令在由牲畜电子识别标签识读器的处理器执行时使所述牲畜电子识别标签识读器执行权利要求36-38中任一项所述的方法。
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