CN108138316A - 具有低氧气传输速率的药物和其他包装 - Google Patents
具有低氧气传输速率的药物和其他包装 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积处理抽真空的血液样品收集管或其他容器以施加衔接涂层或层(289)、阻隔涂层或层(288)以及任选的一个或多个另外的涂层或层。在部分真空下施加SiOxCy衔接涂层或层,并且在保持内腔中的该部分真空不被破坏的同时,施加该阻隔涂层或层。然后任选地,在保持该内腔中的该部分真空不被破坏的同时,可以施加SiOxCy的pH保护涂层或层。作为该处理的结果,产生了,与通过除了在施加该衔接涂层或层与施加该阻隔涂层或层之间破坏该内腔中的该部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器相比,具有更低的到该内腔中的气体渗透速率常数的涂覆容器。还描述了用于在暴露于降低的环境压力期间保持这些容器被塞住的保持特征。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求提交于2015年8月18日的美国临时专利申请序列号62/206,637的优先权。序列号62/206,637的说明书和附图以及美国专利号7,985,188和美国序列号14/751,435(提交于2015年6月26日)的说明书和附图在此通过引用整体并入。所并入的专利和申请描述了通常可以用于进行本发明的设备、容器、前体、涂层或层以及方法(特别是涂覆方法和用于检查涂层或层的测试方法),在一些情况下本文进行了修改。它们还描述了本文提及的SiOxCy衔接涂层或层和pH保护涂层或层以及SiOx阻隔涂层或层。
技术领域
本发明涉及阻隔涂覆表面,例如用于储存流体或者说与流体接触的药物包装或其他容器的内部表面的技术领域。适合的流体的实例包括食物、营养补充剂、药品、吸入麻醉剂、诊断测试材料或生物活性化合物或体液,例如血液。本发明还涉及一种具有气体阻隔涂层和任选的用以保护该气体阻隔涂层的pH保护涂层的血液收集管或其他容器。
本披露还涉及用于处理药物包装或其他容器,例如用于药物制剂储存和递送、静脉穿刺和其他医学样品收集(例如,抽真空的血液样品收集管)以及其他目的的多个相同药物包装或其他容器的改进方法。
本披露还涉及所得的包装即药物包装或其他容器。此类药物包装或其他容器被大量使用,并且对于制造而言必须是相对经济的且还在储存和使用上高度可靠。
背景技术
在制造用于储存流体或者说与流体接触的药物包装或其他容器(例如小瓶、预填充式注射器或样品收集管)中的一个重要考虑因素是:药物包装或其他容器的内容物将令人希望地具有可观的保质期。在这个保质期内,重要的是使容纳在药物包装或其他容器中的任何材料与容纳它的容器壁分离、或与施加至药物包装或其他容器壁上的阻隔层或其他功能层分离,以避免材料从药物包装或其他容器壁、阻隔层、或其他功能层提取进入预填充的内容物中,或反之亦然。
一些公司已转向塑料药物包装或其他容器,它们提供比玻璃更大的尺寸公差和更少的破损,但是塑料在初级药物包装中的使用仍然受到限制,这是由于其相对高的气体(氧气)渗透速率:塑料允许小分子气体渗入(或渗出)制品。塑料对气体的渗透速率常数显著大于玻璃,并且在许多情况(正如对氧气敏感的药物诸如肾上腺素)下,出于这个原因塑料是不可接受的。
通过在容器壁上添加阻隔涂层或层已经解决了热塑性容器的相对高渗透速率常数的问题。一种这样的阻隔层是非常薄的如下文所定义的SiOx涂层,其通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积施加到限定内腔的壁的内表面。但是,通过PECVD沉积在包装上的当前的SiOx阻隔层被容器的具有大于4的pH值(尤其是在更高的pH值下)的水性内容物腐蚀掉。由于其阻隔功效降低,这减少了容器的有用保质期。
更具体地考虑抽真空的血液样品收集管,其在内腔抽真空的情况下出售。真空用于将血液从患者抽到管中,并且真空度决定其抽吸体积容量-在压力平衡和流动停止前,管可以抽吸多少血液。由聚合物热塑性材料制成的抽真空的血液样品收集管对于大气气体诸如空气或其组分气体诸如氧气和氮气是可渗透的,这随着时间的流逝而降低管内的真空度。如果真空下降过多,则抽取的血液将不足而不能满足样品管规格。通常的规格是,在其整个保质期内,抽真空的血液样品收集管必须保持相同种类的新抽真空的容器的抽吸体积容量的至少90%的抽吸体积容量。阻隔涂层或层可用于在其保质期内防止大气气体进入热塑性聚合物容器,并因此在期望的长保质期内提供满足该规格的管。
许多这样的样品管还包含试剂,该试剂在制造时引入并且保留在内腔中,直到血液或另一样品被引入并与该试剂接触。试剂可以与容器壁和壁上的任何涂层接触与样品收集管的保质期一样长的时间。许多这样的水性试剂,例如常用于防止引入血液样品收集管中的血液凝固的缓冲柠檬酸钠试剂,如果与阻隔涂层或层直接接触,则可能损坏SiOx阻隔涂层或层。因此,已经发现,在阻隔保护涂层或层上施加pH保护涂层或层以防止阻隔涂层或层与内腔中的试剂或其他内容物之间的直接接触是有用的。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面是一种处理容器以施加衔接涂层或层(289)、阻隔涂层或层以及任选的一个或多个另外涂层或层的方法。
为了实施该工艺,提供了一种容器,该容器包括基本上由限定内腔的热塑性聚合物材料组成的壁。壁具有面向内腔的内表面(303),和外表面。
在该工艺期间,在内腔中抽部分真空。在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过衔接PECVD涂覆工艺施加SiOxCy的衔接涂层或层。通过在进料适于形成涂层的气体的同时施加足够的功率以在内腔内产生等离子体来进行衔接PECVD涂覆工艺。气体进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂。x和y的值通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)确定。然后,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭等离子体。结果在内表面上产生SiOxCy的衔接涂层或层,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3。
随后在该工艺期间,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺施加阻隔涂层或层。通过在进料气体的同时施加足够的功率以在内腔内产生等离子体来进行阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺。气体进料包括线性硅氧烷前体和氧气。结果在衔接涂层或层与内腔之间产生SiOx的阻隔涂层或层,其中x为从1.5至2.9,如通过XPS所确定。
然后任选地,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭等离子体。
随后,作为另一选择,可以施加SiOxCy的pH保护涂层或层。同样在此式中,x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过XPS所确定。pH保护涂层或层通过pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺任选地施加在阻隔涂层或层与内腔之间。此工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的同时,施加足够的功率以在内腔内产生等离子体。
作为该处理的结果,产生了,与通过除了在施加衔接涂层或层与施加阻隔涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器相比,具有更低的到内腔中的气体渗透速率常数的涂覆容器。
本发明的另一方面是一种根据上述方法中的任一种制造的抽真空的血液收集管。
本发明的另一方面是一种通过下文定义的工艺制造的涂覆容器,该容器包括壁、衔接涂层或层、阻隔涂层或层以及任选的pH保护涂层或层。
壁基本上由限定内腔的热塑性聚合物材料组成。壁具有面向内腔的内部表面,和外部表面。
在内部表面上的衔接涂层或层基本上由SiOxCy组成,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)所确定。
在衔接涂层或层与内腔之间的阻隔涂层或层基本上由SiOx组成,其中x为从1.5至2.9,如通过XPS所确定。
在阻隔涂层或层与内腔之间的任选的pH保护涂层或层基本上由SiOxCy组成,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过XPS所确定。
涂覆容器通过包括若干步骤的工艺形成。提供包括壁的容器。在内腔中抽部分真空。在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过衔接PECVD工艺施加SiOxCy的衔接涂层或层,该衔接PECVD工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的同时,施加足够的功率(可替代地,同一概念在本说明书中称为“能量”)以在内腔内产生等离子体。
然后,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭等离子体。此后,在仍保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过阻隔PECVD工艺施加阻隔涂层或层,该阻隔PECVD工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体和氧气的气体的同时,施加足够的功率以在内腔内产生等离子体。
如果施加任选的pH保护涂层或层,这可以任选地根据以下工艺进行。
任选地,在施加阻隔涂层或层之后,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭等离子体。
然后任选地,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过pH保护PECVD工艺施加SiOxCy的pH保护涂层或层。pH保护PECVD工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的同时,施加足够的功率以在内腔内产生等离子体。
该工艺的结果是涂覆容器。
令人惊讶的是,与通过除了在施加衔接涂层或层与施加阻隔涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器相比,通过此工艺制造的涂覆容器具有更低的到内腔中的气体渗透速率常数。可替代地,与通过除了在施加衔接涂层或层与阻隔涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空,并且还在施加阻隔涂层或层与pH保护涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器相比,通过包括这些任选步骤的此工艺制造的涂覆容器具有更低的到内腔中的气体渗透速率常数。
本发明的另一方面是一种抽真空的血液收集管,其包括如上文所定义的涂覆容器和密封内腔的封闭件。内腔具有足以将血液从患者的静脉抽入内腔中的真空度。
本发明的又一方面是一种抽真空的血液收集管,该抽真空的血液收集管可以是热塑性容器壁,该壁具有限定开口的顶部、限定内腔的内表面、外表面以及在内表面上与顶部相邻的塞子接触区域。塞子接触区域向内渐缩从0至1.3度。
本发明的又一个方面是一种抽真空的血液收集管,该抽真空的血液收集管包括:具有顶部、限定内腔的内表面和外表面的热塑性容器壁。保持唇缘从内表面径向向内突出。内表面包括与保持唇缘相邻且在其下方的塞子接触区域。
在以下描述和权利要求中提供了本发明的另外的方面、特征和实施例。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的任何实施例的容器的示意性截面图。
图2为图1的容器壁和涂层的一部分的放大细节图。
图3为相比于在层之间真空破坏的情况下制造的类似小瓶,根据本发明(“全部组合”)制造成具有三层涂层的6mL小瓶在使用pH 9磷酸盐缓冲溶液情况下的氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)相对于储存时间的图线。
图4为适合用作抽真空的血液收集管的图1和图2的药物包装或容器的更详细实施例的俯视平面图。
图5为沿图4的剖面线5—5截取的图4的实施例的纵向剖面。
图6为图5的放大局部细节图。
图7为根据本发明的说明而制备的pH保护层的傅里叶变换红外分光光度计(FTIR)图线。
在附图中使用下面的参考字符:
定义
在本发明的上下文中,使用了以下定义和缩写:
RF是射频。
在本发明的上下文中术语“至少”是指“等于或多于”在该术语以后的整数。词语“包括”不排除其他要素或步骤,并且不定冠词“一个”或“一种”不排除多个,除非另有说明。每当指示参数范围时,它旨在披露所给定的作为该范围的限制的参数值以及落入所述范围内的所有参数值。
对任何事物的“第一”和“第二”或类似引用是指存在的此类事物的最小数目,但不一定代表此类事物的顺序或总数或要求超出所述数量的额外的此类事物。例如,在本说明书的上下文中的“第一”沉积物可以非限制地为唯一的沉积物或多个沉积物中的任一个。换句话说,“第一”沉积物的表述允许但不要求也具有第二或更多沉积物的实施例。
出于本发明的目的,“有机硅前体”是具有以下键合中的至少一个的化合物:
该键合是连接到氧或氮原子和有机碳原子(有机碳原子是键合到至少一个氢原子的碳原子)的四价硅原子。挥发性有机硅前体(定义为这样一种前体,该前体可以作为PECVD设备中的蒸气被供给)是任选的有机硅前体。任选地,该有机硅前体选自由以下各项组成的组:线性硅氧烷、单环硅氧烷、多环硅氧烷、聚倍半硅氧烷、烷基三甲氧基硅烷、线性硅氮烷、单环硅氮烷、多环硅氮烷、聚倍半硅氮烷、以及这些前体的任意两种或更多种的组合。
在本说明书和权利要求书中,PECVD前体、气态反应物或工艺气体、以及载气的进料量有时用“标准体积”表示。装料(charge)或其他固定量的气体的标准体积是该固定量的气体在标准温度和压力(而不考虑递送的真实温度和压力)下将占据的体积。标准体积可以使用不同的体积单位测量,并且仍处于本披露和权利要求书的范围内。例如,同一固定量的气体可以表示为标准立方厘米的数量、标准立方米的数量、或标准立方英尺的数量。标准体积还可以使用不同的标准温度和压力定义,并且仍处于本披露和权利要求书的范围内。例如,标准温度可以是0℃并且标准压力可以是760托(如常规的那样),或标准温度可以是20℃并且标准压力可以是1托。但是在给定的情况下无论使用什么样的标准,当对比两种或更多种不同的气体的相对量而没有指定具体的参数时,对于每一种气体,使用相同的体积单位、标准温度、以及标准压力,除非另有说明。
在本说明书中,PECVD前体、气态反应物或工艺气体、以及载气的对应进料速率用单位时间的标准体积表示。例如,在工作实例中流速以标准立方厘米/分钟表示,简称为sccm。至于其他参数,可以使用其他的时间单位,如秒或小时,但当对比两种或更多种气体的流速时要使用一致的参数,除非另有说明。
在本发明的上下文中的“容器”可以是任何类型的具有限定内或内部表面的壁的容器。虽然本发明并不必然限于具有具体体积的样品收集管、药物包装或其他容器,但是设想其中内腔具有以下空隙体积的药物包装或其他容器:从0.5至250mL、任选地从1至20mL、任选地从0.5至12mL、任选地从1至3mL。基底表面可以是具有至少一个开口和内或内部表面的容器的部分或全部内或内部表面。药物和其他包装和容器的一些实例包括但不限于样品收集管、抽真空的血液样品收集管(其通常以容纳约6mL的小尺寸或容纳约12mL的大尺寸提供)、样品储存管、小瓶、塑料涂覆的小瓶、注射器、塑料涂覆的注射器、泡罩包装、安瓿、塑料涂覆的安瓿、药筒、瓶子、塑料涂覆的瓶子、离心管、色谱小瓶、管子、小袋、泵、喷雾器、塞子、针头、柱塞、盖子、支架、导管或植入物。
另外,根据本发明的容器可以是例如用于收集或储存生物流体像血液或尿液的样品管;用于储存或递送生物活性化合物或组合物(例如药剂或药物组合物)的注射器部件(例如注射器筒);用于储存生物材料或生物活性化合物或组合物的小瓶;用于输送生物材料或生物活性化合物或组合物的管或管子(例如导管);或用于盛装流体(例如用于盛装生物材料或生物活性化合物或组合物)的小杯。
容器可以具有任何形状。邻近其开口端的至少一个具有基本上圆柱形壁的容器是优选的。通常,容器的内壁是圆柱形的,例如像在样品管或注射器筒中。设想了样品管和注射器或它们的部件(例如注射器筒)。
贯穿本说明书,w、x、y和z的值适用于经验组成SiwOxCyHz,并且贯穿本说明书x和y的相同值适用于经验组成SiOxCy。w、x、y和z的值应当被理解为比率或经验式(例如对于涂层或层而言),而不是作为对分子中的原子的数目或类型的限制。例如,具有分子组成Si4O4C8H24的八甲基环四硅氧烷可由以下经验式描述:Si1O1C2H6,这是通过将分子式中的每个w、x、y和z除以最大公因子4所达到的。w、x、y和z的值也不限于整数。例如,(非环状)八甲基三硅氧烷(分子组成Si3O2C8H24)可化简为Si1O0.67C2.67H8。
通过XPS只能部分确定SiwOxCyHz的原子比,因为XPS无法检测H原子。然而,使用不同的分析可以检测氢原子,例如卢瑟福背散射或卢瑟福前向散射。因此,在一个方面,特定的涂层或层可由式SiwOxCyHz表示,例如其中w为1,x为从约0.5至约2.4,y为从约0.6至约3,并且z为从约2至约9。相同的特定涂层或层可以可替代地仅通过XPS来表征,而不考虑氢,并且因此由式SiOxCy表示,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3。SiOxCy在Si后面没有下标,其具有与式SiwOxCyHz中为1的下标w相同的含义。在本说明书中,XPS一般在不考虑氢的情况下使用,并且原子比表示为SiOxCy。典型地,这样的涂层或层因此将包含针对100%碳+氧+硅归一化的36%至41%的碳。
术语“注射器”被广泛地定义成包括药筒、注射“笔”以及改型成用于与一个或多个其他部件组装以便提供功能性注射器的其他类型的筒或贮存器。“注射器”还被广泛地定义成包括诸如自动注入器等提供用于分配内容物的机构的相关制品。
“在保持容器的内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时”处理容器意指在不将足以使内腔压力基本上为、恰好为或高于环境大气压力的气体引入内腔中的情况下继续处理容器。
进入内腔的气体渗透速率常数(缩写为GPRC)是容器壁的特性,并且是指对于1cm2的壁表面积和1个大气压(标准大气压)的跨壁气体分压差而言,大气或一些其他指定气体从密闭容器外部穿过其壁渗透到容器内腔中的瞬时速率(以μmol或微摩尔每天计)。气体渗透速率常数可以以μmol/(天×cm2×atm.)为单位进行测量。该术语不包括绕过壁的气体,如通过壁与封闭件之间的泄漏或渗透封闭件而绕过壁。
“与通过除了在施加粘合涂层或层与施加阻隔涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器相比,涂覆容器具有更低的到内腔中的气体渗透速率常数”很大程度上可以自我解释。在该用语的上下文中,“破坏内腔中的部分真空”意指将足以使内腔压力基本上为、恰好为或高于环境大气压力的气体引入内腔中。
容器的保质期定义为在制造日期之后容器可以正常使用和行使功能的时间段。例如,抽真空的血液收集管的保质期是抽真空日期之后当抽真空的血液收集管保持相同种类的新抽真空的容器的抽吸体积容量的至少90%的抽吸体积容量时的时间段。
抽吸体积容量的变化可以通过抽吸体积相对于时间的物理测量而直接测量,或可以通过以下方式估计:对氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)应用乘数以考虑到所讨论的容器的氮气渗透速率常数,然后确定组合的氧气加氮气渗透速率常数。环境空气中的其余气体对于此计算通常太稀而不能确定。
根据经验法则,对于各种各样的聚合物,氮气和氧气渗透速率常数的比率是相当恒定的(D.W.van Krevelen,Properties of Polymers,1990,Table18.6)[D.W.vanKrevelen,聚合物的性质,1990年,表18.6]。氧气的渗透速率常数为氮气在相同聚合物中的渗透速率常数的约3.8倍。
表18.6
渗透性参数的相对值(经验法则)
气体 | P | D | S | EP | ED |
N2=1) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
CO | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1 | 1 |
CH4 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 4.9 | (1) | (1) |
O2 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 0.86 | 0.90 |
He | 15 | 60 | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.45 |
H2 | 22.5 | 30 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.65 |
CO2 | 24 | 1 | 24 | 0.75 | 1.03 |
H2O | (550) | 5 | — | 0.75 | 0.75 |
具体实施方式
现在,将参考其中示出若干实施例的附图更全面地描述本发明。然而,本发明可以被实施为许多不同的形式并且不应被解释为限于在此提出的这些实施例。相反,这些实施例是本发明的实例,本发明具有由权利要求书的语言所指示的完整范围。贯穿全文的相似的数字指的是相似的或相应的要素。以下披露涉及所有实施例,除非具体限于某一实施例。
容器和涂层组
设想的涂覆容器(包括图1、图2和图4-6中所示的容器)包括壁214和容器涂层或层组285,该容器涂层或层组包括衔接涂层或层289、阻隔涂层或层288以及面向内腔212的在壁214的至少一部分上的任选的pH保护涂层或层286,它们通过下文定义的工艺制造。
容器可以更具体地为样品收集管,诸如抽真空的血液收集管、小瓶、注射器、泡罩包装、安瓿、药筒、瓶子、小袋、泵、喷雾器、塞子、针头、柱塞、盖子、支架、导管或植入物,或用于流体的任何其他类型的容器或引导管。图1和图2示出具有至少单个开口的容器,并且应理解为包括具有两个或更多个开口的容器,诸如注射器,或没有开口的容器,诸如小袋、泡罩包装或安瓿。壁可由任何热塑性聚合物材料制成,该材料任选地包括聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN);聚烯烃、环烯烃聚合物(COP)、环烯烃共聚物(COC)、聚丙烯(PP)或聚碳酸酯,优选COP。如果透水性不如透氧性重要,那么明确地设想PET壁,因为与COP相比,PET具有更高的透水性,但透氧性低大约一个数量级。
容器涂层或层组285的实施例是图1、图2中所示的至少一个衔接涂层或层289、至少一个阻隔涂层或层288以及至少一个pH保护涂层或层286(它是任选的)。具有全部三个涂层的容器涂层或层组的该实施例有时被称为“三层涂层”,其中SiOx的阻隔涂层或层288通过被夹在pH保护涂层或层286与衔接涂层或层289之间而免受具有原本足以将其去除的高pH的内容物的影响,这些涂层或层各自是如本说明书中定义的SiOxCy的有机层。本说明书中提供了该三层涂层的具体实例。
除了通过式SiOxCy表示的其平均原子比例之外,pH保护涂层或层286可以通过其FTIR光谱来表征,其代表性实例示于图7中。pH保护涂层或层286的峰归属为:
化学键波数(cm-1)
·Si-O-Si(不对称伸缩) 1080-1200
·Si-O-Si(对称伸缩) 1020-1080
·C-H 2960
·Si-H 2100
·Si-CH3 1273
·Si-(CH3)x 800-830
通常,在pH保护涂层或层286的FTIR光谱中,Si-O-Si对称伸缩和不对称伸缩峰似乎合并,从而形成简单的峰,而在润滑涂层的光谱中(例如在美国专利号7,985,188中提及),Si-O-Si对称伸缩和不对称伸缩峰在较低波数侧(图7中的右侧)形成具有肩的复合峰,肩指示不对称伸缩。
相应层的单位为nm的设想厚度(括号内为优选范围)在“表1.三层厚度”中给出。
三层涂层组285任选地包括作为第一层的粘合或衔接涂层或层289,其改善阻隔涂层或层与COP基底的粘合性。还据信,粘合或衔接涂层或层289减轻阻隔涂层或层288上的应力,使得阻隔层不易受到由热膨胀或收缩或机械冲击造成的损坏。还据信,粘合或衔接涂层或层289将阻隔涂层或层288与COP基底之间的缺陷分离。这种情况的发生据信是因为在施加粘合或衔接涂层或层289时可能形成的任何针孔或其他缺陷在施加阻隔涂层或层288时往往不是连续的,因此一个涂层中的针孔或其他缺陷不与其他涂层中的缺陷对齐。粘合或衔接涂层或层289具有作为阻隔层的一些功效,因此即使存在提供延伸穿过阻隔涂层或层289的泄露路径的缺陷,也被粘合或衔接涂层或层289堵塞。
三层涂层组285包括作为第二层的阻隔涂层或层288,其提供对已经渗透COP筒壁的氧气的阻隔。阻隔涂层或层288也是通过内腔214的内容物提取筒壁214的组成的阻隔物。
三层涂层组285任选地包括作为第三层的pH保护涂层或层286,其提供对下面的阻隔涂层或层288的保护,以使其免受具有从4至8或更大的pH的容器内容物的影响,包括存在表面活性剂的情况。对于从制造时间到使用时间与容器内容物接触的预填充容器,pH保护涂层或层286充分防止或抑制阻隔涂层或层288的侵蚀以在预填充容器的预期保质期内维持有效的氧气阻隔。
如果直接接触具有从5至9的pH的流体,那么pH保护涂层或层286的腐蚀、溶解、提取或浸出(相关概念的不同名称)速率小于阻隔涂层或层288直接接触具有从5至9的pH的流体时的腐蚀速率。pH保护涂层或层286有效地将pH在5与9之间的流体218与阻隔涂层或层288隔离,至少持续足以允许阻隔涂层在药物包装或其他容器210的保质期内充当阻隔物的时间。
氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)被认为适用于验证阻隔涂层的完整性。
衔接涂层或层
在内部表面上的衔接涂层或层基本上由SiOxCy组成,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)所确定。
衔接涂层或层289具有至少两个功能。衔接涂层或层289的一个功能是改善阻隔涂层或层288与基底尤其是热塑性基底的粘合性,但也可以使用衔接层来改善与玻璃基底或与另一涂层或层的粘合性。例如,衔接涂层或层(也被称为粘合层或涂层)可以被施加到基底上,并且阻隔层可以被施加到粘合层上以改善阻隔层或涂层与基底的粘合性。
已经发现衔接涂层或层289的另一个功能:施加在阻隔涂层或层288下方的衔接涂层或层289可以改善施加在阻隔涂层或层288之上的pH保护涂层或层286的功能。
衔接涂层或层289可以由SiOxCy构成、包含SiOxCy或基本上由SiOxCy组成,其中x在0.5与2.4之间,并且y在0.6与3之间。衔接涂层或层289中的Si、O和C的原子比有如下若干选项:
Si 100:O 50–150:C 90-200(即w=1,x=0.5至1.5,y=0.9至2);
Si 100:O 70–130:C 90-200(即w=1,x=0.7至1.3,y=0.9至2)
Si 100:O 80-120:C 90-150(即w=1,x=0.8至1.2,y=0.9至1.5)
Si 100:O 90-120:C 90-140(即w=1,x=0.9至1.2,y=0.9至1.4),或
Si 100:O 92-107:C 116-133(即w=1,x=0.92至1.07,y=1.16至1.33)
该原子比可以通过XPS确定。
任选地,衔接涂层或层在组成上可以与本说明书中其他地方描述的pH保护涂层或层286相似或相同,但这不是必需的。
在任何实施例中,衔接涂层或层289通常设想为从5nm至100nm厚,优选地从5至20nm厚,尤其是在通过化学气相沉积施加的情况下。这些厚度并不重要。通常但不一定,衔接涂层或层289将相对较薄,因为其功能是改变基底的表面性质。阻隔层
在衔接涂层或层与内腔之间的阻隔涂层或层基本上由SiOx组成,其中x为从1.5至2.9,如通过XPS所确定。
任选地可通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)或其他化学气相沉积工艺将阻隔涂层或层288沉积在药物包装尤其是热塑性包装的容器上,以防止氧气、二氧化碳或其他气体进入该容器和/或防止药物材料浸出进入或穿过包装壁。
在本说明书中定义的任何实施例的阻隔涂层或层(除非在具体例子中另外规定)是任选地如美国专利号7,985,188中所指明的那样通过PECVD来施加的涂层或层。阻隔层任选地被表征为“SiOx”涂层,并且包含硅、氧和任选的其他元素,其中x(氧原子与硅原子的比率)为从约1.5至约2.9、或1.5至约2.6、或约2。x的这些可替代定义适用于本说明书中的术语SiOx的任何使用。阻隔涂层或层被例如施加到药物包装或其他容器的内部,该药物包装或其他容器例如样品收集管、注射器筒、小瓶或另一类型的容器。
阻隔涂层288包括SiOx或基本上由SiOx组成,其中x为从1.5至2.9,厚度为从2nm至1000nm,SiOx阻隔涂层288具有面向内腔212的内部表面220和面向壁214制品表面254的外表面222,与未涂覆的容器250相比,阻隔涂层288有效减少大气气体进入内腔212。一种合适的阻隔组合物是例如其中x为2.3的阻隔组合物。例如,可以按以下厚度施加任何实施例的阻隔涂层或层诸如288:至少2nm、或至少4nm、或至少7nm、或至少10nm、或至少20nm、或至少30nm、或至少40nm、或至少50nm、或至少100nm、或至少150nm、或至少200nm、或至少300nm、或至少400nm、或至少500nm、或至少600nm、或至少700nm、或至少800nm、或至少900nm。阻隔涂层或层的厚度可以是最多至1000nm、或至多900nm、或至多800nm、或至多700nm、或至多600nm、或至多500nm、或至多400nm、或至多300nm、或至多200nm、或至多100nm、或至多90nm、或至多80nm、或至多70nm、或至多60nm、或至多50nm、或至多40nm、或至多30nm、或至多20nm、或至多10nm、或至多5nm。设想了20-200nm,任选20-30nm的范围。明确设想了由上文表示的任何一个最小厚度加上任何一个等于或大于上文表示的最大厚度的厚度构成的具体厚度范围。
可以例如通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)来测量SiOx或其他阻隔涂层或层的厚度,并且可以通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)来测量它的组成。本文描述的底漆涂层或层可以被施加到由塑料或玻璃制成的各种各样的药物包装或其他容器上,例如施加到塑料管、小瓶和注射器上。
SiOx阻隔涂层或层286(其中x在1.5与2.9之间)通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)直接或间接施加到热塑性壁214上(例如,衔接涂层或层289可置于它们之间),使得在填充的药物包装或其他容器210中,阻隔涂层或层286位于热塑性壁214的内或内部表面220与流体218之间。
SiOx阻隔涂层或层286可以由热塑性壁214支撑。可以在任何实施例中使用如在本说明书中的其他地方或在美国专利号7,985,188中描述的阻隔涂层或层286。
已发现如此处定义的某些阻隔涂层或层286诸如SiOx具有以下特性:因如本说明书中的其他地方所描述的涂覆容器的某些pH相对较高的内容物的侵蚀而在不到六个月内经受阻隔改善因子的显著减小,尤其是在阻隔涂层或层直接接触内容物的情况下。使用如本说明书中讨论的pH保护涂层或层可解决这个问题。
pH保护涂层或层
在阻隔涂层或层与内腔之间的任选的pH保护涂层或层基本上由SiOxCy组成,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过XPS所确定。
本发明人已经发现,SiOx阻隔层或涂层被一些流体(例如,所具有的pH超过约4,可替代地超过约5的水性组合物)腐蚀或溶解。由于通过化学气相沉积施加的涂层可以是非常薄的,即数十至数百纳米厚,所以即使是相对缓慢的腐蚀速率也可以在短于产品包装的期望保质期的时间内消除或降低阻隔层的有效性。这对于流体药物组合物而言特别是一个问题,因为许多流体药物组合物具有类似于血液和其他人或动物流体的pH的大约为7、或更广泛地在5至9范围内的pH。药物制剂的pH越高,它腐蚀或溶解SiOx涂层就越快。任选地,这个问题可以通过用pH保护涂层或层286保护阻隔涂层或层288或其他pH敏感材料来解决。
任选地,pH保护涂层或层286可以由SiwOxCyHz(或其等效的SiOxCy)或SiwNxCyHz(或其等效的Si(NH)xCy)组成,或包含SiwOxCyHz(或其等效的SiOxCy)或SiwNxCyHz(或其等效的Si(NH)xCy),或基本上由SiwOxCyHz(或其等效的SiOxCy)或SiwNxCyHz(或其等效的Si(NH)xCy)组成。Si:O:C或Si:N:C的原子比可以通过XPS(X射线光电子能谱法)确定。因此,在一个方面,pH保护涂层或层可具有式SiOxCy,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3。因此,在另一方面,相同的pH保护涂层或层可具有式SiOxCyHz,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,且z为从约2至约9。
典型地,表达为式SiwOxCy,其中w=1,Si、O和C的原子比有如下若干选项:
·Si 100:O 50-150:C 90-200(即w=1,x=0.5至1.5,y=0.9至2);
·Si 100:O 70-130:C 90-200(即w=1,x=0.7至1.3,y=0.9至2)
·Si 100:O 80-120:C 90-150(即w=1,x=0.8至1.2,y=0.9至1.5)
·Si 100:O 90-120:C 90-140(即w=1,x=0.9至1.2,y=0.9至1.4)
·Si 100:O 92-107:C 116-133(即w=1,x=0.92至1.07,y=1.16至1.33),或
·Si 100:O 80-130:C 90-150。
可替代地,pH保护涂层或层可以具有如通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)所确定的、针对100%碳、氧和硅归一化的、小于50%碳和大于25%硅的原子浓度。可替代地,这些原子浓度为从25%至45%的碳、25%至65%的硅、以及10%至35%的氧。可替代地,这些原子浓度为从30%至40%的碳、32%至52%的硅、以及20%至27%的氧。可替代地,这些原子浓度为从33%至37%的碳、37%至47%的硅、以及22%至26%的氧。
pH保护涂层或层的厚度可以为例如从10nm至1000nm;可替代地从10nm至1000nm;可替代地从10nm至900nm;可替代地从10nm至800nm;可替代地从10nm至700nm;可替代地从10nm至600nm;可替代地从10nm至500nm;可替代地从10nm至400nm;可替代地从10nm至300nm;可替代地从10nm至200nm;可替代地从10nm至100nm;可替代地从10nm至50nm;可替代地从20nm至1000nm;可替代地从50nm至1000nm;可替代地从10nm至1000nm;可替代地从50nm至800nm;可替代地从100nm至700nm;可替代地从300nm至600nm。
任选地,如通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)所确定的、针对100%的碳、氧和硅归一化的,保护层中碳的原子浓度可以大于有机硅前体的原子式中的碳的原子浓度。例如,设想了以下实施例,其中碳的原子浓度增大从1个原子百分比至80个原子百分比、可替代地从10个原子百分比至70个原子百分比、可替代地从20个原子百分比至60个原子百分比、可替代地从30个原子百分比至50个原子百分比、可替代地从35个原子百分比至45个原子百分比、可替代地从37个原子百分比至41个原子百分比。
任选地,与有机硅前体相比,pH保护涂层或层中的碳与氧的原子比可以增大,和/或与有机硅前体相比,氧与硅的原子比可以减小。
任选地,pH保护涂层或层可以具有如通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)所确定的、针对100%的碳、氧和硅归一化的、比进料气体的原子式中的硅的原子浓度小的硅原子浓度。例如,设想了以下实施例,其中硅的原子浓度降低从1个原子百分比至80个原子百分比、可替代地从10个原子百分比至70个原子百分比、可替代地从20个原子百分比至60个原子百分比、可替代地从30个原子百分比至55个原子百分比、可替代地从40个原子百分比至50个原子百分比、可替代地从42个原子百分比至46个原子百分比。
作为另一种选项,在任何实施例中设想了一种pH保护涂层或层,其可以通过一个总式表征,其中与有机硅前体的总式相比,原子比C:O可以增大和/或原子比Si:O可以减小。
pH保护涂层或层286在最终制品中通常位于阻隔涂层或层288与流体218之间。pH保护涂层或层286由热塑性壁214支撑。
pH保护涂层或层286任选地有效保持阻隔涂层或层288至少六个月的时间至少基本上不因流体218的侵蚀而溶解。
如通过X射线反射率(XRR)所确定,pH保护涂层或层可以具有介于1.25与1.65g/cm3之间、可替代地介于1.35与1.55g/cm3之间、可替代地介于1.4与1.5g/cm3之间、可替代地介于1.4与1.5g/cm3之间、可替代地介于1.44与1.48g/cm3之间的密度。任选地,有机硅化合物可以是八甲基环四硅氧烷并且pH保护涂层或层可以具有的密度可以高于在相同PECVD反应条件下由HMDSO作为有机硅化合物制成的pH保护涂层或层的密度。
与未涂覆的表面和/或与使用HMDSO作为前体的阻隔涂覆表面相比,pH保护涂层或层任选地可以防止或减少化合物或组合物组分的沉淀,尤其是可以防止或减少胰岛素沉淀或血液凝固。
pH保护涂层或层任选地可以具有从约5至约9、任选地从约6至约8、任选地从约6.4至约7.8的RMS表面粗糙度值(通过AFM测量)。通过AFM测量的pH保护涂层或层的Ra表面粗糙度值可以为从约4至约6、任选地从约4.6至约5.8。通过AFM测量的pH保护涂层或层的Rmax表面粗糙度值可以为从约70至约160、任选地从约84至约142、任选地从约90至约130。
pH保护层的内部表面任选地可以具有如根据ASTM D7334-08“Standard Practicefor Surface Wettability of Coatings,Substrates and Pigments by AdvancingContact Angle Measurement”[通过前进接触角测量法测定涂层、基底和颜料的表面润湿性的标准实施规程]通过pH保护表面上的水滴的测角器角度测量所测量的从90°至110°、任选地从80°至120°、任选地从70°至130°的接触角(与蒸馏水)。
钝化层或pH保护涂层或层286(“钝化层”和“pH保护涂层或层”是同一事物的两个不同名称)任选地显示出用衰减全反射(ATR)傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测得的小于0.4的O-参数,其如下测量:
在美国专利号8,067,070中定义了O-参数,该专利要求了最广泛地从0.4至0.9的O-参数值。它可以从FTIR振幅对波数图线的物理分析中测量以发现以上表达的分子和分母。O-参数还可以由数字波数与吸光度数据的关系来测量。
美国专利号8,067,070声称所要求的O-参数范围提供优异的pH保护涂层或层。令人惊讶的是,本发明人已发现:在美国专利号8,067,070所要求的范围之外的O-参数提供比在美国专利号8,067,070中获得的结果更好的结果。
可替代地,在图1-2的实施例中,O-参数具有从0.1至0.39、或从0.15至0.37、或从0.17至0.35的值。
本发明的更另一方面是如刚才所描述的在图1-5中例示的一种复合材料,其中钝化层显示出经衰减全反射(ATR)傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测得的小于0.7的N-参数,其如下测量:
N-参数也被描述于美国专利8,067,070中并且类似于O-参数进行测量,不同之处在于使用了两个特定波数处的强度–这些波数都不是一个范围。美国专利号8,067,070要求具有0.7至1.6的N-参数的钝化层。再者,如上所述,本发明人采用具有低于0.7的N-参数的pH保护涂层或层286制造了更好的涂层。可替代地,N-参数具有至少0.3、或从0.4至0.6、或至少0.53的值。
如果直接接触流体218,那么pH保护涂层或层286的腐蚀、溶解、提取或浸出(相关概念的不同名称)速率小于阻隔涂层或层288直接接触流体218时的腐蚀、溶解、提取或浸出速率。
在任何实施例中,pH保护涂层或层的厚度设想为从50-500nm,优选范围为100-200nm。
pH保护涂层或层286有效地将流体218与阻隔涂层或层288隔离,至少持续足以允许阻隔涂层在药物包装或其他容器210的保质期内充当阻隔物的时间。
本发明人进一步发现:当暴露于流体时,由硅氧烷前体形成的SiOxCy或Si(NH)xCy的某些pH保护涂层或层(这些pH保护涂层或层具有大致上的有机组分)不快速腐蚀,并且当流体具有在5至9范围内的更高pH时,实际上腐蚀或溶解得更慢。例如,在pH 8下,pH保护涂层或层的溶解速率非常慢。这些SiOxCy或Si(NH)xCypH保护涂层或层因此可以用来覆盖SiOx阻隔层,通过保护该阻隔层不受药物包装中的流体影响来保持它的益处。将保护层施加在SiOx层的至少一部分上以保护SiOx层免受储存在容器中的内容物的影响,否则内容物将与SiOx层接触。
有效的SiOxCy或Si(NH)xCy pH保护涂层或层可以由例如线性硅氧烷或线性硅氮烷前体(例如六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)或四甲基二硅氧烷(TMDSO))或由环状硅氧烷前体(例如八亚甲基环四硅氧烷(OMCTS))沉积。
任选地,任何实施例的pH保护涂层或层286的FTIR吸收光谱具有以下两项之间的大于0.75的比率:通常位于约1000与1040cm-1之间的Si-O-Si对称伸缩峰的最大振幅;和通常位于约1060与约1100cm-1之间的Si-O-Si不对称伸缩峰的最大振幅。可替代地,在任何实施例中,这个比率可以是至少0.8、或至少0.9、或至少1.0、或至少1.1、或至少1.2。可替代地,在任何实施例中,这个比率可以是至多1.7、或至多1.6、或至多1.5、或至多1.4、或至多1.3。这里说明的任何最小比可以与这里说明的任何最大比相组合,作为图1-5的本发明的可替代实施例。
任选地,对于任何实施例中的pH保护涂层或层286,在40℃下由用浓硝酸调节至pH8并且包含0.2重量%聚山梨醇酯-80表面活性剂的稀释在注射用水中的50mM磷酸钾缓冲剂引起的硅溶解速率(在不存在药剂的情况下测量,以免改变溶解试剂)小于170ppb/天。(聚山梨醇酯-80是药物制剂的常见成分,例如可作为-80从特拉华州威尔明顿的有利凯玛美洲有限责任公司(Uniqema AmericasLLC,Wilmington Delaware)获得)。在本段落的测试中可替代地设想的溶解试剂是:
ο用于pH 3的磷酸钾缓冲液;
ο用于pH 6的柠檬酸钠缓冲液;
ο用于pH 7的磷酸钾缓冲液;
ο用于pH 8的磷酸钾缓冲液;
ο用于pH 9的Tris缓冲液;
ο用于pH 12的磷酸钾缓冲液。
任选地,对于任何实施例中的pH保护涂层或层286,硅溶解速率小于160ppb/天、或小于140ppb/天、或小于120ppb/天、或小于100ppb/天、或小于90ppb/天、或小于80ppb/天。任选地,在图13-26的任何实施例中,硅溶解速率大于10ppb/天、或大于20ppb/天、或大于30ppb/天、或大于40ppb/天、或大于50ppb/天、或大于60ppb/天。对于任何实施例中的pH保护涂层或层286,这里说明的任何最小速率可以与这里说明的任何最大速率组合。
任选地,对于任何实施例中的pH保护涂层或层286,当从容器溶解到pH为8的测试组合物中时,pH保护涂层或层和阻隔涂层的硅总含量小于66ppm、或小于60ppm、或小于50ppm、或小于40ppm、或小于30ppm、或小于20ppm。
任何实施例的pH保护涂层或层性质
操作理论
本发明人提供了这里描述的pH保护涂层或层的以下操作理论。本发明不限于此理论的准确性或不限于使用此理论可预测的实施例。
据信,SiOx阻隔层的溶解速率取决于该层内的SiO键合。据信,氧键合位点(硅烷醇)增加该溶解速率。
据信,pH保护涂层或层与SiOx阻隔层相键合以“愈合”或钝化SiOx表面,并且由此显著减小溶解速率。在此假设中,pH保护涂层或层的厚度不是主要的保护手段–主要手段是SiOx表面的钝化。在任何实施例中设想的是,如在本说明书中描述的pH保护涂层或层可以通过增加pH保护涂层或层的交联密度来改进。
任选地,在任何实施例中,用于沉积衔接涂层或层和阻隔涂层或层以及任选地还有pH保护涂层或层的每种线性硅氧烷前体可以是六亚甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)或四亚甲基二硅氧烷(TMDSO)、优选HMDSO。任选地,在任何实施例中,在各涂覆工艺中使用相同的线性硅氧烷前体,所述工艺可以是例如衔接PECVD涂覆工艺、阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺和任选的pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺。使用相同的硅氧烷允许使用相同的涂覆设备而不需要阀布置来进料不同的硅氧烷,并且还避免了在一个或多个涂覆步骤中使用错误前体的制造错误,这些错误在涂层被施加之后可能难以检测。
任选地,在任何实施例中,该技术可以进一步一般化为使用采用任何前体的任何等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺来产生多个涂层,采用如本说明书或权利要求书中所述的工艺。
该技术的另一方面是一种抽真空的血液收集管,其包括如上文所定义的涂覆容器和密封内腔的封闭件。内腔具有足以将血液从患者的静脉抽入内腔中的真空度。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有至少6个月的保质期,保质期通过保持其制造时的抽吸体积容量的至少90%来定义。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管在相同定义下具有至少12个月、可替代地至少18个月、可替代地至少24个月、可替代地从6至12个月、可替代地从12至18个月、可替代地从18至24个月、可替代地从24至30个月、可替代地从30至36个月、可替代地从36至42个月的保质期。还设想了更长的保质期。
如这里所定义的,保质期可以通过经典的破坏性方法测量,其中将一批(通常)相同制造的抽真空的血液收集管暴露于外部气体,诸如一个大气压的空气或处于其在大气中的通常分压下的氧气,并且在不同的时间测试与制造时的水平相比真空的降低。保质期还可以通过其他通常加速的测量方法测量,例如其中增加外部压力,在较短时间段后测得较小的真空降低并外推到较长时间,将测试试剂或管的预期内容物密封在管中,任选地保持在已知加速真空降低的更苛刻的条件下,以及通过本领域已知的其他测量方法测量。这里设想的一种特定的加速测试方法是氧气渗透速率常数测试。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有0.0001、可替代地0.00016、可替代地0.0002、可替代地0.0005、可替代地0.001、可替代地0.0016、可替代地0.002微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm.)的最小氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)。任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有0.01、可替代地0.005、可替代地0.002微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm.)的最大OPRC。任何最小的OPRC可以与任何相等或更大的最大OPRC组合以构建范围。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有从0.0001至0.01、可替代地从0.0002至0.005、可替代地从0.0005至0.003、可替代地从0.0016至0.003微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm.)的氧气渗透速率常数。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管在内腔中具有流体组合物,例如包含抗凝血试剂。任选地,在任何实施例中,抗凝血试剂包括例如柠檬酸盐,例如柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液。为此目的,还设想了已知用于血液收集管的其他试剂。
用于三层涂层的PECVD工艺
在本说明书中描述的PECVD三层涂层可以例如如下施加于1至5mL容器,诸如可用作抽真空的血液样品收集管的血液样品收集管。更大或更小的容器将要求普通技术人员可以根据本说明书的教导而进行的参数调整。
所使用的设备和工艺是如图2和随附文字中大体描述的PECVD设备以及美国专利号7,985,188的PECVD方案,不同之处在于,至少衔接或粘合涂层或层和阻隔涂层或层以及任选的pH保护层在相同的设备中施加,在粘合涂层或层与阻隔涂层或层,或任选地在阻隔涂层或层与pH保护涂层或层的施加之间不破坏真空。美国专利号7,985,188的全部文本和附图在此通过引用并入。
已用于1mL容器和5mL小瓶的具体涂覆参数的实例在PECVD三层工艺“表2.具体参数(1mL小瓶)”和“表3.具体参数(5mL小瓶)”中示出:
如上所述施加于1mL容器的pH保护涂层或层的O-参数和N-参数值分别为0.34和0.55。
施加于5mL容器的pH保护涂层或层的O-参数和N-参数值分别为0.24和0.63。
参考图1、图2和图4-6,本发明的另一方面是一种处理容器210以施加衔接涂层或层289、阻隔涂层或层288以及任选的一个或多个另外的涂层或层的方法。任选地,在任何实施例中,容器210可以被配置为样品收集管,例如抽真空的血液收集管、样品储存管、离心管、色谱小瓶或管子。涂覆容器可以通过包括若干步骤的工艺形成。
为了实施该工艺,提供容器210,其包括基本上由限定内腔212的热塑性聚合物材料组成的壁214。任选地,在任何实施例中,壁包含聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN);聚烯烃、环烯烃聚合物(COP)、环烯烃共聚物(COC)、聚丙烯(PP)或聚碳酸酯,优选COP。任选地,在任何实施例中,容器内腔具有从2至12mL、任选地从3至5mL、任选地从8至10mL的容量。
壁214具有面向内腔的内表面303和,外表面305。
在内腔中抽部分真空。在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过衔接PECVD工艺施加SiOxCy的衔接涂层或层289,该衔接PECVD工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的同时,施加足够的功率(可替代地,同一概念在本说明书中称为“能量”)以在内腔内产生等离子体。x和y的值通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)确定。
然后,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭等离子体,这具有停止施加SiOxCy衔接涂层或层的效果。任选地,在任何实施例中,在用于衔接PECVD涂覆工艺的等离子体熄灭之后并且在阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺开始之前,可以停止在衔接PECVD涂覆工艺中使用的气体的进料。结果在内表面303上产生SiOxCy的衔接涂层或层,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3。
随后在工艺期间,在仍保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过阻隔PECVD工艺施加阻隔涂层或层288,该阻隔PECVD工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体和氧气的气体的同时,施加足够的功率(可替代地,同一概念在本说明书中称为“能量”)以在内腔内产生等离子体。
任选地,在任何实施例中,被提供以在内腔内产生用于施加阻隔涂层或层的等离子体的功率在1-Up涂覆机中为从30至80瓦、任选地从40至80瓦、任选地从50至80瓦、任选地从55至65瓦,或任选地在4-Up涂覆机中为从175至200瓦、任选地从180至190瓦。
任选地,在任何实施例中,为施加阻隔涂层或层而产生的等离子体施加持续12至20秒、任选地持续15至20秒。
任选地,在任何实施例中,使用从0.5至2sccm、任选地0.7至1.3sccm的硅氧烷前体(任选地HMDSO)进料速率施加阻隔涂层或层。
任选地,在任何实施例中,使用从0.5至3.5托、任选地从1至2.5托的压力施加阻隔涂层或层。
任选地,在施加阻隔涂层或层之后,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭等离子体,这具有停止施加阻隔涂层或层的效果。任选地,在任何实施例中,在用于阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺的等离子体熄灭之后并且在任选的pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺开始之前(如果使用的话),可以停止在阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺中使用的气体的进料。作为阻隔层涂覆的结果,在衔接涂层或层与内腔之间产生SiOx的阻隔涂层或层,其中x为从1.5至2.9,如通过XPS所确定。
然后任选地,在保持内腔中的部分真空不被破坏的同时,随后通过pH保护PECVD工艺施加SiOxCy的pH保护涂层或层286。在此式中,x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过XPS所确定。pH保护涂层或层通过pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺任选地施加在阻隔涂层或层与内腔之间。pH保护PECVD工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的同时,施加足够的功率(可替代地,同一概念在本说明书中称为“能量”)以在内腔内产生等离子体。
令人惊讶的是,由于这种处理,与通过除了在施加衔接涂层或层与施加阻隔涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器210相比,通过此工艺制造的涂覆容器210具有更低的到内腔中的气体渗透速率常数。
可替代地,与通过除了在施加衔接涂层或层与施加阻隔涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空,并且还在施加阻隔涂层或层与pH保护涂层或层之间破坏内腔中的部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器相比,通过包括这些任选步骤的此工艺制造的涂覆容器具有更低的到内腔中的气体渗透速率常数。任选地,在任何实施例中,涂覆容器210具有从0.002至0.1、任选地从0.01至0.1、任选地从0.14至0.05、任选地从0.002至0.02、任选地从0.003至0.12μmol/天/cm2/atm的氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)。
任选地,在任何实施例中,涂覆容器210具有从0.5至12、任选地从3至22、任选地从3.4至12、任选地从0.5至3、任选地0.7至2cc/m2/天的氧气传送速率。
任选地,在任何实施例中,壁在50℃和90%相对湿度下具有小于2.5g/m2/天的水蒸气传输速率。
任选地,在任何实施例中,用于施加衔接涂层或层、阻隔涂层或层、和/或pH保护涂层或层、或这些层中的两个或更多个的任何组合的PECVD工艺通过施加脉冲功率(可替代地,同一概念在本说明书中称为“能量”)在内腔内产生等离子体来实施。
可替代地,衔接PECVD涂覆工艺或阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺或pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺或这些工艺中的两个或更多个的任何组合可通过施加连续功率在内腔内产生等离子体来实施。
作为更进一步的替代方案,脉冲功率可以用于一些步骤,而连续功率可以用于其他步骤。例如,当制备由衔接涂层或层、阻隔涂层或层以及pH保护涂层或层构成的三层涂层或层时,针对衔接PECVD涂覆工艺和pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺具体设想的选项是脉冲功率,并且针对相应的阻隔层设想的选项是使用连续功率在内腔内产生等离子体。
任选地,在任何实施例中,本发明的工艺进一步包括在内腔中提供流体组合物的后续步骤。
任选地,在任何实施例中,流体组合物包括抗凝血试剂,例如柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种结合了塞子保持特征的样品收集管。以下描述将集中于血液样品收集管,但同样适用于用来收集其他类型的医学样品的管。
有时希望或必须在一个地方收集血液或另一体液样品,然后将样品包装起来以准备运输到另一个地方,例如收集来自地理位置不同的地方的大量样品在中心实验室进行分析,或在分析后在中央储存库进行储存。由于收集用于医学诊断用途的血液或其他体液常常是感染性物质,因此仔细包装样品非常重要,以使得在运输期间不会泄漏。
关于这个问题的医学样品收集的一个特定方面是处于用塞子塞住的容器中的医学样品通常在收集时间和地点的基本上环境大气压下被容纳。甚至收集在抽真空的血液收集管中的血液样品也通常处于或接近刚刚收集后的大气压下,因为样品管中的初始真空因将样品抽入容器中而被消耗。
根据与A类和B类感染性物质的运输相关的49CFR 173.196,感染性物质的包装“必须能够承受产生不小于95kPa(0.95巴,14psi)的压力差的内部压力而没有泄漏”。这转换为70,000英尺的海拔。
因此,标准样品收集管期望地被设计成满足该运输标准,以使得它们将可用于运输可能为感染原的医学样品。
本发明的若干方面是图1-2和图4-6中所示的容器210的各种改型,特别是根据49CFR 173.196的要求对其改型以用于无泄漏地携带样品。
现在参考图4-6。在所示的实施例中,容器210可以具有热塑性壁214,但是容器210也可以不受限制地由玻璃、热固性塑料或其他材料制成,尽管透明材料通常是优选的。容器210具有限定开口的顶部295、限定内腔212的内表面303、外表面305、以及在内表面303上邻近顶部295的塞子接触区域291。
可以单独使用或与其他特征组合使用的容器的一个保持特征是:塞子接触区域291向内渐缩0与1.3度之间,例如,其小于用于血液样品收集管的典型模制锥度。“向内渐缩”意指内腔212的直径从顶部(离容器的顶部295最近)到塞子接触区域291的底部在轴向上规则地减小,因此塞子接触区域291的内表面303限定截锥的侧壁。出于本发明的目的,恰好零度的“锥度”也被定义为“在0度与1.3度之间”,虽然零的“锥度”实际上是根本不渐缩的圆柱体。另外,在任何程度上大于零度且不大于1.3度的任何锥度都在本发明的这个范围内,包括恰好1.3度的锥度。换句话说,根据本发明的定义的“在两个数值界限之间”包括这两个界限。
还设想,零的锥度不是绝对的下限,并且负锥度(向外渐缩)可以根据本发明起作用,但是它不太优选,因为在一些情况下,负锥度部件的制造将需要更专业(尽管众所周知)的技术,诸如两部件或多部件芯、机加工或失蜡铸造。
可替代地,塞子接触区域291可以向内渐缩在0与1度之间、任选地在0至0.9度之间、任选地在0至0.8度之间、任选地在0至0.7度之间、任选地在0至0.6度之间、任选地在0至0.5之间、任选地在0.3至1.3度之间、任选地在0.3至1度之间,任选地在0.3至0.9度之间、任选地在0.3至0.8度之间、任选地在0.3至0.7度之间、任选地在0.3至0.6度之间、任选地在0.3至0.5度之间、任选地在0.5至1.3度之间、任选地在0.5至1度之间、任选地在0.5至0.9度之间、任选地在0.5至0.8度之间、任选地在0.5至0.7度之间、任选地在0.5至0.6度之间、任选地0.5度。
优选地,渐缩变化仅在塞子接触区域291中。逐渐减小优选地基本上不在塞子接触区域291的下方,因为这会改变内部容积。然而,如果在给定情况下内部容积的变化不重要,那么渐缩变化可以比塞子接触区域291延伸更远。此外,逐渐减小不需要延伸贯穿整个塞子接触区域291,因为塞子接触区域291的至少一部分上的逐渐减小可足以提供期望的保持。
另外,在任何实施例中,为了实现对塞子接触区域291的逐渐减小的限制,抽真空的血液收集管的内表面303位于塞子接触区域291下方的至少一部分以至少0.7度、任选地至少1度、任选地至少1.5度渐缩,并且作为单独选择的选项,可以以比塞子接触区域291大至少0.1度渐缩。在塞子接触区域291下方的更大的锥度具有在注射模制容器210时易于从模具中简单移除单部件芯的益处。
通过减小塞子接触区域291中的向内锥度实现的效果是减小或消除在塞子216相对于塞子接触区域291向上移动时松动的趋势。被塞子接触区域291挤压的弹性塞子被偏置成横向向外扩展,并因此在塞子接触区域291内朝着直径稍大的区域向上移动。通过减小塞子接触区域291中的锥度来减小这种偏置力。
可以单独使用或与其他保持特征组合使用的容器210的另一个保持特征是:保持唇缘293从内表面305径向向内突出。内表面305包括与保持唇缘293相邻且在其下方的塞子接触区域291。保持唇缘293通过向下支承在停留在塞子接触区域中的塞子216上而起作用,如果塞子216要轴向跨过保持唇缘293,则需要被进一步挤压。
任选地,在任何实施例中,保持唇缘293包括限定相对于顶部295处的开口的向内锥形、任选地向内弯曲的锥形、任选地凸状向内弯曲的锥形的上斜坡301,上斜坡具有下端307。任选地,在任何实施例中,保持唇缘进一步包括限定相对于下端307的向外锥形、任选地向外弯曲的锥形、任选地凸状向外弯曲的锥形的下斜坡299。
任选地,在任何实施例中,塞子216在使用前在转筒机中硅化以防止塞子216互相粘附。
适用于每个披露实施例的若干其他特征如下。任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管包括密封内腔的封闭件。任选地,封闭件维持内腔中的真空度,该真空度相对于海平面处的环境压力足以将血液从患者的静脉吸入内腔中。
任选地,在任何实施例中,封闭件在比环境压力低97.5kPa的真空度下保持位于塞子接触区域291中。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有至少6个月的保质期。如在此上下文中使用的那样,“保质期”通过抽真空后该管保持相同种类的新抽真空的容器210的抽吸体积容量的至少90%的抽吸体积容量的时间量来定义。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有从6至12个月、可替代地从12至18个月、可替代地从18至24个月、可替代地从24至30个月、可替代地从30至36个月、可替代地从36到42个月的保质期。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管进一步包括内腔中的流体组合物,可替代地水性流体组合物,可替代地包括抗凝血试剂,例如柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有从0.0001至0.01、可替代地从0.0002至0.005、可替代地从0.0005至0.003、可替代地从0.0016至0.003微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm.)的氧气渗透速率常数。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有0.0001、可替代地0.00016、可替代地0.0002、可替代地0.0005、可替代地0.001、可替代地0.0016、可替代地0.002微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm)的最小氧气渗透速率常数。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管具有0.01、可替代地0.005、可替代地0.002微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm)的最大氧气渗透速率常数。
任选地,在任何实施例中,抽真空的血液收集管在50℃和90%相对湿度下具有小于2.5g/m2/天的水蒸气传输速率。
实例1
通过调整单一有机硅单体(HMDSO)和氧气的流量并且还在每层之间改变PECVD生成功率(在任何两层之间不破坏真空)来施加如本说明书中所述的三层涂层。
将容器(这里是6mL COP小瓶)置于容器架上,密封,并在容器内抽真空。如下文所指示,小瓶用于在容纳流体的同时便于储存。如果使用血液样品收集管,则预期相称的结果。在抽真空之后,引入前体、氧气和氩气的气体进料,然后在“等离子体延迟”结束时,打开13.56MHz的连续(即不脉冲)射频功率以形成衔接涂层或层。然后关闭功率,调整气体流量,并且在等离子体延迟之后,打开功率以用于第二层-SiOx阻隔涂层或层。然后在气体被切断之前将此过程重复用于第三层,破坏真空密封,并将容器从容器架中取出。这些层按照衔接层然后是阻隔层然后是pH保护层的顺序放置。工艺设置如表4所示:
作为对照,再次进行类似的涂覆工艺,不同之处在于,当每个层已沉积时,通过将环境空气引入容器中来破坏真空(导致“真空破坏”)。在每次真空破坏后,在施加下一层之前将容器抽真空。
除了那些测量氧气渗透速率常数的小瓶之外,将每个小瓶最初在40℃下装上标准量的pH 9的磷酸盐缓冲水溶液(PBS)并保持图3中指示的时间量(天)。然后,在图3指示的每个时间间隔之后,将各组小瓶冷却、排空并在环境温度下测量氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC),报道为μmol(微摩尔)O2/(天×cm2×atm.),结果在图3中示出并在表5中制表(汇总)。
将在没有真空破坏的情况下制备的容器(图3右侧的“全部组合”)与在真空破坏的情况下制备的容器(图3左侧的“全部分开”)就它们的氧气渗透速率常数进行比较。
令人惊讶的是,如图3和表5的制表汇总所示,在每个储存时间,在没有中间真空破坏的情况下处理的小瓶具有比在具有中间真空破坏的情况下处理的那些小瓶低得多(更好)的OPRC。应当指出的是,相应的未涂覆小瓶的通常氧气渗透速率常数为约0.122μmolO2/(天×cm2×atm.),因此在没有中间真空破坏的情况下处理的小瓶在储存四周后具有未涂覆小瓶OPRC的约5%。
实例2
对6mL血液样品收集管进行类似的测试,并且在一个测试中,根据本发明的“组合”工艺涂覆的管的OPRC为0.00344μmol O2/(天×cm2×atm.),其中标准偏差为0.0011。
进行平行测试,其中所有条件都相同,不同之处在于,不连续施加产生等离子体的功率(可替代地,同一概念在本说明书中称为“能量”),而是以具有5Hz频率和50%占空比的脉冲进行施加。这意味着将所指示的全功率(W)施加持续0.1秒,然后断电持续0.1秒,然后再接通持续0.1秒,然后再断电持续0.1秒。结果是在脉冲功率下OPRC为0.00380μmol O2/(天×cm2×atm,),标准偏差为0.0015。在任一种情况下,OPRC为类似未涂覆容器的OPRC的约8%。
实例3
进行与实施例1类似的测试,不同之处在于,不连续施加产生等离子体的功率(可替代地,同一概念在本说明书中称为“能量”),而是以具有5Hz频率和50%占空比的脉冲进行施加,重复表6中所指示的总时间。
观察到OPRC结果与用连续功率获得的那些结果大致成比例。
实例4
进行该研究以确定在涂覆工艺期间施加的电功率对涂层或层的所得氧气传输速率(OTR)或氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)的影响。
如本说明书中所述的三层涂层或层通过以下方式施加到容器(这里是4mLCOP血液样品收集管,除非另外指出否则在其他测试中同样如此)上:使用表7所示的用于1-Up单元的工艺设置施加衔接层,然后使用表8所示的工艺设置施加阻隔层,最后使用表7所示的用于1-Up单元的工艺设置施加pH保护层。1-Up涂覆单元是PECVD台,在其中将真空源、工艺气体和RF功率提供给一个单独的制品以在所述制品的内侧上沉积阻隔涂层或层系统。
在三层涂层或层的每层之间改变PECVD生成功率和其他工艺设置(在任何两层之间不破坏真空)。在三层涂覆工艺期间,用于衔接层和pH保护层(即第一层和第三层)的功率保持不变。如表8所示改变阻隔涂层或层的功率,以了解它如何影响阻隔性能(表示为氧气传输速率(OTR)或氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC))。
表7.衔接层和pH保护层的涂覆参数
涂覆工艺如下进行。将容器置于容器架上,密封,并在容器内抽真空。在抽真空之后,引入前体、氧气和氩气的气体进料,然后在等离子体延迟之后,以脉冲方式打开RF功率以产生等离子体并形成衔接涂层或层。功率以具有5Hz频率和50%占空比的脉冲施加。这意味着将所指示的全功率(W)施加持续0.1秒,然后断电持续0.1秒,然后再接通持续0.1秒,然后再断电持续0.1秒。然后断电,调整气体流量,并且在等离子体延迟之后,在同一单元中打开RF功率以用于第二层-SiOx阻隔涂层或层。用于阻隔涂层或层的RF功率连续施加。然后在气体被切断之前将与用于衔接涂层或层相同的脉冲RF功率重复用于第三层,破坏真空密封,并将容器从容器架中取出。这些层按照衔接层然后是阻隔层然后是pH保护层的顺序放置。
测量每个血液样品收集管在环境温度下的氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC),报道为μmol(微摩尔)O2/(天×cm2×atm),其中OPRC和OTR的结果在图3A和图3B中示出并在表8中制表。表8中的“部件压力”是一个部件或容器内所有成分的总压力。
表8示出,较高的电功率产生具有较低OPRC(即,更好的阻隔性能)的阻隔涂层或层。在60W之后,继续增加电功率不再提高阻隔性能,这取决于制品(在这种情况下为血液样品收集管)的体积。
表8.电功率的影响
HMDSO(sccm)=1.0,O2(sccm)=100.0,时间(s)=10.0
实例5
本研究旨在确定涂覆时间对涂层或层的所得氧气传输速率(OTR)或氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)的影响。
施加如本说明书中所述的三层涂层或层,调整涂覆时间(在任何两层之间不破坏真空)并比较所得的OPRC和OTR。在三层工艺期间,衔接层和pH保护层(即第一层和第三层)的涂覆参数是表7中用于1-Up单元的那些。阻隔涂层或层(即第二层)的涂覆参数是表9的那些。如表9所示改变阻隔涂层或层的涂覆时间,以了解它如何影响阻隔性能(表示为氧气传输速率(OTR)或氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC))。结果示于表9以及图5A和图5B中。
表9.涂覆时间的影响
HMDS(sccm)=1.0,O2(sccm)=100,功率(w)=60
结果表明,阻隔涂层或层的性能随着涂覆时间的增加而提高,直到时间达到15秒。在15秒之后,继续增加涂覆时间不再提高阻隔性能,这取决于制品(在这种情况下为血液管)的体积。
实例6
本研究旨在确定在阻隔涂层工艺期间涂层或层前体HMDSO的进料速率对三层涂层或层的所得氧气传输速率(OTR)或氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)的影响。
如本说明书中所述的三层涂层或层基本上如以前那样使用表7用于衔接涂层或层和pH保护涂层或层的条件以及表10用于阻隔涂层或层的条件施加,在任何两层之间不破坏真空。比较了不同的HMDSO进料速率对阻隔层的影响。
这些测试均使用前述1-Up单元和4-Up单元进行。4-Up单元类似于1-Up单元,但真空源、工艺气体和RF功率均匀分配并均匀供应到四个单独的容器中。通过保持与真空源和工艺气体的一致性,4-Up的每个容器内的压力保持与1-Up的单个容器相同。
在三层涂覆工艺期间,用于衔接层和pH保护层(即第一层和第三层)的HMDSO进料速率保持不变。改变用于阻隔涂层或层的HMDSO进料速率,以了解它如何影响阻隔性能(表示为氧气传输速率(OTR)或氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC))。
结果在表10中示出。阻隔涂层或层性能随着HMDSO进料速率的降低而提高,直到进料速率达到1sccm。在1sccm之后,继续降低HMDSO进料速率不再提高阻隔性能,这取决于制品(在这种情况下为血液样品收集管)的体积。
表10.HMDSO进料速率的影响
时间(s)=10.0,O2(sccm)=100,功率(w)=60
时间(s)=15.0,O2(sccm)=100,功率(w)=60
实例7
在该实施例中,改变功率、HMDSO进料速率和涂覆时间来优化涂覆条件以获得最佳阻隔涂层或层性能(即最低的OPRC和OTR)。表7(4-Up)中示出衔接涂层或层和pH保护涂层或层的工艺信息,并且表11示出阻隔层的工艺信息。结果在表11中示出。在第二测试中,采用1.0sccm HMDSO的进料、185.0瓦的功率以及15.0秒的时间实现了最佳结果。
表11.功率、HMDSO进料速率和时间的影响
O2(SCCM)=100
实例8
本研究旨在确定在涂覆工艺期间施加的压力对三层涂层或层的所得氧气传输速率(OTR)或氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)的影响。与其中施加的压力为3.92托的实施例4-7相比,在实施例8中,施加的压力为1.6托。结果在表12中示出。
表12.压力的影响
O2(sccm)=75.0,功率(w)=200
结果表明,较低的压力改善阻隔涂层或层的性能。
实例9
这是一个压力差测试,并且测试条件设置为模拟海拔70,000英尺的环境大气压力。进行该测试以确定具有本说明书中所述的保持特征的三层涂覆血液管是否可以保持完整并经受压力变化。该测试对于预测本发明的血液管是否适于运输感染性血液样品是重要的。这是一个通过/失败测试。
将包括上述两个保持特征(保持唇缘293和塞子接触区域291中约0.5°的锥度)的10mL三层涂覆COP血液样品收集管用塞子密封,这些塞子已经在转筒机中硅化(用硅油涂覆),以防止它们互相粘附。将密封的血液样品收集管抽真空并填充9.33mL±0.03mL的红色水,然后将它们竖直且倒置于700mL烧杯中,再将烧杯置于金属罐内以进行加压/抽真空。一次测试最大数量为10个的填充血液样品收集管。一旦金属罐被密封,就缓慢打开真空阀以将压力降低至-28.8英寸汞柱表压(-14.1psig,或97.5kPa的压力差)。这种方法近似于在海平面环境压力下填充和堵塞容器,然后将它们升高到海平面以上70,000英尺的效果,这是由于施加标准化的压力差,而不考虑填充管时的高度或气压。
将填充的血液样品收集管样品在该真空度下保持30分钟。30分钟过后,将真空度缓慢升至环境压力。然后取出样品并检查塞子的移动和泄漏。
具有说明书中描述的保持特征的血液样品收集管通过了压力差测试而没有泄漏。没有保持特征的相同的血液样品收集管没有通过压力差测试。
Claims (35)
1.一种处理容器的方法,该方法包括:
a.提供包括基本上由限定内腔的热塑性聚合物材料组成的壁的容器,该壁具有面向该内腔的内部表面和外部表面;
b.在该内腔中抽部分真空;
c.在保持该内腔中的该部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过衔接PECVD涂覆工艺施加SiOxCy的衔接涂层或层,该衔接PECVD涂覆工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的同时,施加足够的功率以在该内腔内产生等离子体,从而在该内部表面上产生SiOxCy的衔接涂层或层,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)所确定;
d.在保持该内腔中的该部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭该等离子体;
e.在保持该内腔中的该部分真空不被破坏的同时,通过阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺施加阻隔涂层或层,该阻隔PECVD涂覆工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体和氧气的气体的同时,施加足够的功率以在该内腔内产生等离子体,从而在该衔接涂层或层与该内腔之间产生SiOx的阻隔涂层或层,其中x为从1.5至2.9,如通过XPS所确定;
f.任选地,在保持该内腔中的该部分真空不被破坏的同时,熄灭该等离子体;以及
g.任选地,通过pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺在该阻隔涂层或层与该内腔之间施加SiOxCy的pH保护涂层或层,其中x为从约0.5至约2.4并且y为从约0.6至约3,各自如通过XPS所确定,该pH保护PECVD涂覆工艺包括在进料包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的同时,施加足够的功率以在该内腔内产生等离子体;
从而形成,与通过除了在施加该衔接涂层或层与施加该阻隔涂层或层之间破坏该内腔中的该部分真空之外相同的工艺所制造的相应容器相比,具有更低的到该内腔中的气体渗透速率常数的涂覆容器。
2.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中进行所述步骤f。
3.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中进行所述步骤g。
4.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中通过施加脉冲功率在该内腔内产生等离子体来进行所述步骤c。
5.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中通过施加脉冲功率在该内腔内产生等离子体来进行所述步骤e。
6.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中通过施加脉冲功率在该内腔内产生等离子体来进行所述步骤g。
7.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,通过进一步包括以下方面的工艺形成:在所述步骤d与e之间,停止该包括线性硅氧烷前体、任选的氧气和任选的惰性气体稀释剂的气体的进料。
8.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,通过进一步包括以下方面的工艺形成:在所述步骤f与g之间,停止该包括线性硅氧烷前体和氧气的气体的进料。
9.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,进一步包括在该内腔中提供流体组合物的后续步骤。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中该流体组合物包含抗凝血试剂,例如柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液。
11.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中在每个涂覆工艺中使用相同的线性硅氧烷前体。
12.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中各线性硅氧烷前体是HMDSO或TMDSO、优选HMDSO。
13.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中该壁包含聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN);聚烯烃、环烯烃聚合物(COP)、环烯烃共聚物(COC)、聚丙烯(PP)或聚碳酸酯,优选COP。
14.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中该容器内腔具有从2至12mL、任选地从3至5mL、任选地从8至10mL的容量。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中被提供以在该内腔内产生用于施加该阻隔涂层或层的等离子体的该功率在1-Up涂覆机中为从30至80瓦、任选地从40至80瓦、任选地从50至80瓦、任选地从55至65瓦,或任选地在4-Up涂覆机中为从175至200瓦、任选地从180至190瓦。
16.如前述权利要求14或15中任一项所述的方法,其中为施加该阻隔涂层或层而产生的该等离子体施加持续12至20秒、任选地持续15至20秒。
17.如前述权利要求14-16中任一项所述的方法,其中使用从0.5至2sccm、任选地0.7至1.3sccm的任选地HMDSO的硅氧烷前体进料速率施加该阻隔涂层或层。
18.如前述权利要求14-17中任一项所述的方法,其中使用从0.5至3.5托、任选地从1至2.5托的部件压力施加该阻隔涂层或层。
19.如前述权利要求14-18中任一项所述的方法,其中该涂覆容器具有从0.002至0.1、任选地从0.01至0.1、任选地从0.14至0.05、任选地从0.002至0.02、任选地从0.003至0.12μmol/天/cm2/atm的氧气渗透速率常数(OPRC)。
20.如前述权利要求14-19中任一项所述的方法,其中该涂覆容器具有从0.5至12、任选地从3至22、任选地从3.4至12、任选地从0.5至3、任选地从0.7至2cc/m2/天的氧气传送速率。
21.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中该壁在50℃和90%相对湿度下具有小于2.5g/m2/天的水蒸气传输速率。
22.一种抽真空的血液收集管,包括:热塑性容器壁(214),该热塑性容器壁具有
限定开口的顶部(295),
限定内腔(212)的内表面(303),
外表面(305),以及
在该内表面上与该顶部相邻的塞子接触区域(291),该塞子接触区域向内渐缩在0与1.3度之间、任选地在0与1度之间、任选地在0与0.9度之间、任选地在0与0.8度之间、任选地在0与0.7度之间、任选地在0与0.6度之间、任选地在0与0.5度之间、任选地在0.3与1.3度之间、任选地在0.3与1度之间、任选地在0.3与0.9度之间、任选地在0.3与0.8度之间、任选地在0.3与0.7度之间、任选地在0.3与0.6度之间、任选地在0.3与0.5度之间、任选地在0.5与1.3度之间、任选地在0.5与1度之间、任选地在0.5与0.9度之间、任选地在0.5与0.8度之间、任选地在0.5与0.7度之间、任选地在0.5与0.6度之间、任选地0.5度。
23.如权利要求22所述的抽真空的血液收集管,其中该内表面(303)的在该塞子接触区域(291)下方的至少一部分:
渐缩至少0.7度、任选地至少1度、任选地至少1.5度,并且
比该塞子接触区域更大至少0.1度渐缩。
24.一种抽真空的血液收集管,包括:热塑性容器壁(214),该热塑性容器壁具有顶部(295)、限定内腔(212)的内表面(303)、外表面(305)、从该内表面径向向内突出的保持唇缘(293),以及在该内表面上与该保持唇缘相邻且在该保持唇缘下方的塞子接触区域(291)。
25.如权利要求24所述的抽真空的血液收集管,其中该保持唇缘包括限定相对于该顶部295处的该开口的向内锥形、任选地弯曲的向内锥形、任选地凸状弯曲的向内锥形的上斜坡(301),该上斜坡具有下端(307),并且该保持唇缘进一步包括限定相对于该下端(307)的向外锥形、任选地弯曲的向外锥形、任选地凸状弯曲的向外锥形的下斜坡(299)。
26.如前述权利要求22-25中任一项所述的抽真空的血液收集管,包括密封该内腔的封闭件,该封闭件维持该内腔中的真空度,该真空度相对于海平面处的环境压力足以将血液从患者的静脉抽入该内腔中。
27.如权利要求26所述的抽真空的血液收集管,其中该封闭件在比环境压力低97.5kPa的真空度下保持位于该塞子接触区域中。
28.如前述权利要求22-27中任一项所述的抽真空的血液收集管,该抽真空的血液收集管具有至少6个月、可替代地从6至12个月、可替代地从12至18个月、可替代地从18至24个月、可替代地从24至30个月、可替代地从30至36个月、可替代地从36至42个月的保质期,该保质期通过抽真空后该管维持相同种类的新抽真空的容器的抽吸体积容量的至少90%的抽吸体积容量的时间量来定义。
29.如前述权利要求22-28中任一项所述的抽真空的血液收集管,进一步包括在该内腔中的流体组合物、可替代地水性流体组合物,可替代地包括抗凝血试剂,例如柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液。
30.如前述权利要求22-29中任一项所述的抽真空的血液收集管,具有从0.0001至0.01、可替代地从0.0002至0.005、可替代地从0.0005至0.003、可替代地从0.0016至0.003微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm.)的氧气渗透速率常数。
31.如前述权利要求22-30中任一项所述的抽真空的血液收集管,具有0.0001、可替代地0.00016、可替代地0.0002、可替代地0.0005、可替代地0.001、可替代地0.0016、可替代地0.002微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm)的最小氧气渗透速率常数。
32.如权利要求31所述的抽真空的血液收集管,具有0.01、可替代地0.005、可替代地0.002微摩尔O2/(天×cm2×atm.)的最大氧气渗透速率常数。
33.如前述权利要求22-32中任一项所述的抽真空的血液收集管,其中该壁在50℃和90%相对湿度下具有小于2.5g/m2/天的水蒸气传输速率。
34.如前述权利要求1-21中任一项所述的方法,其中该容器包括样品储存管、离心管、色谱小瓶或管子。
35.一种抽真空的血液收集管,其根据前述权利要求1-21中任一项所述的方法制造。
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