TW402506B - Therapeutic preparation for inhalation - Google Patents
Therapeutic preparation for inhalation Download PDFInfo
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- TW402506B TW402506B TW083105540A TW83105540A TW402506B TW 402506 B TW402506 B TW 402506B TW 083105540 A TW083105540 A TW 083105540A TW 83105540 A TW83105540 A TW 83105540A TW 402506 B TW402506 B TW 402506B
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- insulin
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Classifications
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
- A61K9/0075—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a dry powder inhaler [DPI], e.g. comprising micronized drug mixed with lactose carrier particles
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/28—Insulins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/145—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
- A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
Landscapes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Description
402506 第83105540號專利申請案 中文說明書修正頁(89年4月 Α7 Β7 斗月曰 修 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明() N I D D Μ ),一般發生在40歲以上的病患:這些病患可能, 至少在起初•有正常或甚至高水平的葡萄楗在其血液中, 但對胰島素反應顯示不正常的细胞攝取葡萄糖之低速率。 雖然第二型糖尿病經常可藉由控制病患的歆食來治療,但 是施用外來胰島素以補充由病患的Θ细胞分泌之不足亦被 證明是必需的。 胰島素無法Μ有效劑量口服,因為它在胃腸道中會被酵 素及在胃中會被低骹鹼值迅速地降低,在其達到血流中以 前。標準的施用方法是藉由皮下注射胰島素之等張溶液· 通常由病患自行為之:注射之必要性對於許多困於此疾者 造成許多不便與不適,而且可能在注射部泣發生局部反應 。此外會有一種對注射之胰島素不正常、非生理性的血獎 濃度測圖。該不正常的血漿濃度側圖是吾人不歆者,且其 增加了相關於糖尿病長期治療之副作用的危險性。 因為這些缺點,所Μ需要一種除了注射Μ外能陁用胰島 素的形式。為求產生此諸相異形式的胰島素,許多計畫已 被提出3例如,鼻腔、直腸及頰服用之產品已被提出,而 有許多努力是集中在鼻腔服用的產品上然而鼻腔服吊是 具問題性並且只允許非常低的生物可獲取性:過去幾年來 肺部遞送系统的活性藥物已獲得增加的興趣,而且某些研 究者已將肺部之胰島素遞送包括在內。此大多數係關肺部 遞送用的溶液或懸浮液,例如藉由噴孬器或以壓力計量之 劏量吸入器,且所有均獲得有限的成功。 圖式簡沭 圖1係顯示吸入含胰島素之製劑對犬隻血液萄萄糖濃度 之作用。所示為8 : 9 2胰島素與乳糖不含促進劑(實線)及 7 5 : 2 5胰島素與癸酸納(虛線)之數據:每隻犬隻涤曝IS 含1 U 胰島素/公斤體重(其中1 U = 1單位人類胰島素= 0 . 3 5 .u人類胰島素,1 0 0 % )之製劑5分鐘。 圖2係顯示圖1所示實驗吸入含胰島素之製劑對血漿胰 島素之作用(其中實線及虛線之意義同圖1): -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210>< 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·'*1τ 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明説明(1 ) 本發明係闞一種胰島素的治療製劑,其逋於吸入。 胰島素在醣類、脂肪和蛋白霣的體内代謝上扮演著中心 角色。耱尿病(Diabetes aellitus— 般單是 J^Diabetes表 示之)是一 Μ代謝失控為其特微之疾病,而Μ葡萄糖代謝 尤然。在正常的個體中,血液葡萄糖水平升高(如立即發 生於進食之後者)會》發胰臓的胰島/3细胞分泌胰鳥素-一種胜肽荷爾蒙至血流之中。胰島素埋结至位在多種型式 细胞上的胰島素受體•主要是肌细胞•且從而發送信號予 细胞Μ增加葡萄糖攝入细胞的速率。當血液葡萄糖回到正 常的正餐前的水平時,血液中胰島素的董也降低。當胰島 素存在時,血液葡萄糖的水平可提高至危險地高水平(一 種稱作血糖遇多症的體況)*可能導致死亡。太多胰島素 則會引致不正常的低血液葡萄糖水平(血糖過低症),其亦 為危險且可能致命者。在正常的®體中,調節胰島素分泌 及將其自糸统循環清除之回饋環的建立可防止血糖遇高和 血糖過低的情況發生。 糖尿病是=種影響3%瑞典人口的疾病。在這3%當中, 大約有20%困於第I型糖尿病,刺下的則受困於第I型糖 尿病。 第I型糖尿病*或胰島素相依型耱尿病(IDDH)經常在兒 童時期開始。其特激乃胰臓之沒细胞生理性萎箱,造成胰 島素生產之減少或停止,而使病患要依赖外來胰島素Κ求 活存。 較為通常之第Π型耱尿病,或非胰島素相依型糖尿病 -4 - 本纸張尺度逍用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 402506 第83105540號專利申請案 中文說明書修正頁(89年4月 Α7 Β7 斗月曰 修 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明() N I D D Μ ),一般發生在40歲以上的病患:這些病患可能, 至少在起初•有正常或甚至高水平的葡萄楗在其血液中, 但對胰島素反應顯示不正常的细胞攝取葡萄糖之低速率。 雖然第二型糖尿病經常可藉由控制病患的歆食來治療,但 是施用外來胰島素以補充由病患的Θ细胞分泌之不足亦被 證明是必需的。 胰島素無法Μ有效劑量口服,因為它在胃腸道中會被酵 素及在胃中會被低骹鹼值迅速地降低,在其達到血流中以 前。標準的施用方法是藉由皮下注射胰島素之等張溶液· 通常由病患自行為之:注射之必要性對於許多困於此疾者 造成許多不便與不適,而且可能在注射部泣發生局部反應 。此外會有一種對注射之胰島素不正常、非生理性的血獎 濃度測圖。該不正常的血漿濃度側圖是吾人不歆者,且其 增加了相關於糖尿病長期治療之副作用的危險性。 因為這些缺點,所Μ需要一種除了注射Μ外能陁用胰島 素的形式。為求產生此諸相異形式的胰島素,許多計畫已 被提出3例如,鼻腔、直腸及頰服用之產品已被提出,而 有許多努力是集中在鼻腔服用的產品上然而鼻腔服吊是 具問題性並且只允許非常低的生物可獲取性:過去幾年來 肺部遞送系统的活性藥物已獲得增加的興趣,而且某些研 究者已將肺部之胰島素遞送包括在內。此大多數係關肺部 遞送用的溶液或懸浮液,例如藉由噴孬器或以壓力計量之 劏量吸入器,且所有均獲得有限的成功。 圖式簡沭 圖1係顯示吸入含胰島素之製劑對犬隻血液萄萄糖濃度 之作用。所示為8 : 9 2胰島素與乳糖不含促進劑(實線)及 7 5 : 2 5胰島素與癸酸納(虛線)之數據:每隻犬隻涤曝IS 含1 U 胰島素/公斤體重(其中1 U = 1單位人類胰島素= 0 . 3 5 .u人類胰島素,1 0 0 % )之製劑5分鐘。 圖2係顯示圖1所示實驗吸入含胰島素之製劑對血漿胰 島素之作用(其中實線及虛線之意義同圖1): -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210>< 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·'*1τ 第83105540號專利申請系 中文說明書修正頁(83年9月)63. 9. 3® Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(2a ) 經濟部中央梂準局貝工消費合作社印裝 圖3係顯示單一實驗動物各吸入三種不同胰島素/癸酸 納製劑對血漿胰島素湄度之作用。所示為胰島素+癸酸納 +乳糖(50:25:25, 1.9 ϋ/公斤,實線),胰島素+癸酸納 +乳糖(4:4:92, 1.8U/公斤,點線)及胰島素+癸酸納( 75:25, 2.1U/公斤,虛線)之數據。 圖4係顯示實驗動物各吸人三種不同胰島素/癸酸納製 劑對血漿胰島素濃度之作用。所示為胰島素+癸酸納+乳 糖(50:25:25, 2.2U/公斤,實線),胰島素+癸酸納+乳 糖(4:4:92, 1.9U/公斤,點線)及胰島素+癸酸納( 75:25, 2.9U/公斤,虛線)之數據。 圖5係顯示圖3所示實驗中各吸人三種不同胰島素/癸 酸納製劑對血液葡萄糖塘度之作用。(其中實線、虛—線及 點線之意義同圖3>。 圖6係顯示圖4所示實驗中各吸入三種不同胰島素/癸 酸納製劑對血液葡萄糖濃度之作用。(其中實線、虛線及 點線之意義同圖4)。 圖7係說明濃度為鲁一)、13mM(— △_)及 16raM(— ▲-)之癸酸納增強劑對檷記化合物(甘露糖醇)經 由.培養上皮细胞單層傳送之作用。 圈8係說明不同濃度之癸酸納在多肽(胰島素)存在下, 對標記北合物(甘兹糖醇)通遇培養上皮细胞單層傳送之作 用。癸酸納:多肽為1:3重量比。其中所用癸酸納濃度為 10 Η (— · — )、13βΜ( — Δ —)及 16πΜ( — ▲ — ) 。—4D — 為未用增強劑之對照姐。 圈9係單獨吸入多肽(胰島素)(---▲)*吸入90: 10多 肽與癸酸納(---★)及吸入75: 25多肽與癸酸納(... ▼)後,血漿多肽與時間之作圖。 發明A身 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210Χ297公釐) 83.3.10,000 402506 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 我們已經發現胰島素可K被包括在一種吸入用的乾粉末 製劑中•其亦包括一種促進胰島素在肺中被吸收的物霣, 從該製爾可使胰島素Μ治療上可接受的速率和用量被吸收 。「促進吸收J是指當促進物存在時胰島素被吸收入系统 循環中的量要高於沒有促進物時的吸收量。 因而根據本發明提供了 一棰包括活性化合物(Α)胰島素 *和(Β)促進胰島素在下呼吸道中被吸收的物霣·該製爾 係呈乾埭粉末的形式缠用於吸入,而其中全部活性化合物 重的至少50%包括了 U)主要粒子,具有小於約10微米的 直徑,例如介於0.01和10微米,且較好是介於1和6微米 之間,或(b)該粒子的聚结物。 本發明的治療製爾可Μ只包含該活性化合物,或者其可 包括其他物質,如藥物學上可接受之載劑。此載_大多包 含具直徑小於約10微米的粒子,Μ使整僩產生的粉末中至 少有50%包含了視需要集结的主要顆粒,其具有小於大約 10微米的直徑;或者該載劑可大多包含較大的顆粒("粗顆 粒"),以使"唷次序的混合物”可在活性化合物及該載劑之 間形成。在有次序的混合物中,或者以交互作用的或黏著 的混合物見知者,细的第物顆粒(在本發明係該活性化合 物)相當均匀地分佈在粗的賦形劑顆粒(在本發明中係該 槩物學上可接受之載劑)表面。較好的情形是該活性化合 物在形成有次序的混合物Κ前並非聚结物的形式。粗顆粒 具有超《 20撤米的直徑,比如超過60微米。在此諸較低限 制之上*該粗顆粒的直徑並非絕對重要,因此各種粗顆粒 本紙張尺度逋用中國困家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
Sr 装------,.訂----- -V ,!·' (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印裝 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消费合作社印製 Α7 402506 _Ε 五、發明説明(4 ) 大小可被使用-若需要可依據特定E方的實際需求為之。 對粗顆粒而言並不需要在有次序的混合物中具有相同的大 小,但是該粗顆粒在有次序的涓合物中能具有相似大小是 有好處的。較好是該粗顆粒具有60-800微米的直徑。 因而在一項特定的具體實例中•本發明提供一種胰島素 的治療製劑及一種促進胰島素在下吸吸道被吸收的物質, 該製爾呈乾燥的粉末製劑形式逋用於吸入,其中至少50% 的霣量包含了 : U)具有小於約10微米直徑的顆粒•或 (b)該頼粒的聚结物;在更特定的具體實例中|本發明提 供一種製劑,其包含了胰島素、一種促進胰島素在下呼吸 道被吸收的物質、Μ及一種藥物學上可被接受的載_ *該 製劑係呈乾燥粉末形式逋用於吸入•其中至少有50%的質 最包含了 :(a)具有小於約10微米直徑的顆粒*或(b)該 顆粒的聚结物;在一項更為特定的具體®例中,本發明提 供一種治療製劑包含了活性化合物(A)胰島素和(B)—種 促進胰島素在下吸吸道被吸收的物質,其中活性化合物 (A)和(B)的·全部質畺的至少50%包括了具有小於約1〇微 米直徑的顆粒,及一種第物學上可接受的載劑,該製劑呈 乾嫌粉末的形式適用於吸入,而其中活性化合物與蕖物學 上可接受的載劑之間或許形成有次序的混合物。 較好至少有60%比如至少有70%,或是至少有80%而更 好是至少90%的活性化合物(A)和(B)的结!質量中包括了 直徑小於約10奄米的顆粒,或是此顆粒的聚結物,Μ及當 該乾嫌粉末製劑包含了其他比有次序的混合物要求堪甚的 本紙張尺度適用中國困家棟準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) --------裝— ^11-- (請先《讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 訂 /1 .¾¾ A7 402506 ___B7_ 五、發明説明(5 ) 載劑時,較好至少60%比如說至少70%,或者至少80%而 更好是至少90%的全部乾埔粉末質董包含具有直徑小於約 10微米的顆粒,或是此種顆粒的聚结物。 然而用於吸入之乾»粉末,無論有或沒有蕖物學上可接 受的載劑,可能含有Μ上所指顆粒的聚结物,而在吸入的 時候任何聚结物必須使之基本上失去聚结而產生至少有 50%包含直徑達10微米之顆粒的粉末。該聚结物可以是經 控制之聚结過程的结果,或者它們只是粉末粒子密切接觸 的结果。在任一種情形下•該聚结物要能被除去聚结肜式 是必要的,例如:藉由吸入器中的機械工具或其它方式* 使其成為先前所述的顆粒。一般而言聚结物較好勿在有次 序的混合物中形成。在一種有次序的混合物之情形之中, 該活性化合物必須要從較大顆粒中釋故出來而較好是在吸 入時,其或藉由吸入器中的機械工具或僅只由吸入的行動 ,或藉由其他方式,而該活性化合物則在下呼吸道中且該 載劑顆粒在口中存積。 任何胰島素的生物活性形式或衍生物均可用於本發明。 例如:牛的、豬的、或生物合成或半合成之人的胰島素· 或是一種人的胰島素之生物活性衍生物("修飾過的胰島素 ”),例如具有特定胺基酸取代如Branse等人在”糖尿病譲 理"13:923 (1990年)中教導者,可被使用於此。為了增 進各種性質所Μ發展出經修飾的胰島素,此諸性質例如增 進穩定度或產生一個改進之槩物學側圖(也就是改進之經 由上皮膜吸收的側圖)。該胰島素必須具有低的鋅含量, 一 8 - 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家揉率(CNS > Α4洗格(210X297公釐) (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消费合作社印製 經濟部中央樣準局属工消费合作杜印製 4025〇β Α7 _Β7_ 五、發明説明(6 ) 因為鋅會使胰島素的溶解度降低•也許會降低吸收速率, 並且也因為鋅會與用於本發明的特定之促進物質形成吾人 不欲之不溶性沈澱物。此外*該胰島素必須是乾燥粉末的 形式可迅速地溶解在水溶液之中。 能促進胰島素在肺部被吸收的物質-此後稱其為促進劑 *可Μ是任何數棰化合物;其乃促進胰島素的吸收經由下 呼吸道之上皮细胞層進入鄰近的肺血管中。該促進劑可藉 由數種可能的機制之任一者來達成此功能: (1)蘋著引發上皮细胞之間緊密連接處的结構改變而促 進旁细胎之通透性。 (2>藉著與膜上的蛋白霣或脂質成份交互作用或萃取之 ,從而播動膜的完整性Μ促進胰島素經過细胞之通透性。 (3) 促進劑與胰島素之間交互作用增加胰島素在水溶液 中的溶解度。這一項可藉由防止胰島素聚结物(二元牖、 三元體、或六元體)的形成,或者使胰島素分子溶入促進 劑膠粒之中而發生。 (4) 使填裝在肺泡和肺的通道之黏液陣礙物的黏度降低 ,或使之溶解*從而曝路上皮表面以直接吸收胰島素。 促進劑可只藉Κ上所列的單——項機制作用*或是兩項 或更多。一種Κ數項櫬制作用的促進劑比只用一項或兩項 機制作用者較易於促進胰島素的有效吸收。例如:界面活 性劑是一類促進劑,其被認為是Κ上列所有四項機制在作 用。界面活性爾是兩性分子,它具有親水性和親脂性兩個 部分,而在兩種特性之間有變化之平衡存在◊若該分子是 -9- 本紙張尺度逋用中國Β家揉準(CNS ) Α4说格(210><297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注$項再魂寫本頁) 裝. 訂 A7 B7 40250^ 五、發明説明(7 ) ,(請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 非常親脂性的,則該物質在水中的低溶解度會限制其使用 性。若親木性的部分極度支配著,則該分子的表面活性性 質或許最小。因而為求其有效,該界面活性劑必須在充分 的溶解度和充分的表面活性之間取得適當的平衡。 另一個可能很重要的界面活性劑性質是在肺部是出值條 件(大約為7.4)下該界面活性劑的淨霣荷。胰島素之等蜇 性出值為5 . 5 。在出值為7 . 4時*胰島素有負的淨霣荷。 此结果乃胰島素的分子之間有靜電排斥,其乃防止聚结故 增加了溶解度。若該界面活性劑亦為帶負電荷者•仍可藉 例如厭水性作用而與胰島素作用,但胰島素分子之間的另 外排斥力將產生。因此,陰離子界面活性劑擁有額外的好 處(此乃與具有中性或淨正電荷在生理出條件下比較)在其 幫助穩定胰島素單元體狀態K促進吸收方面。 在本發明的方法中數種相異的化合物可能在作為促進劑 方面是有用的,它們被放在鼠體中試驗遇*如Μ下實施例 5所說明者。其他具有已知促進吸收性質的物質,或是具 有使其在本發明方法中可能成為有用的候選者之物理特性 的物質,可Κ很容易的藉著在實施例6中說明於體內試驗 或者是體外試驗所用的普通技巧試驗之。 經濟部中失樑準局負工消费合作社印裝 合併兩種Κ上的促進劑物質可能也會產生令人滿意的结 果。在本發明的方法中此種姐合之使用被認為是在發明箱 圍内的。 一種有用於本發明之方法的促進劑將是合併了對胰島素 吸收之有效促進Κ及(1)在所使用的濃度下無毒性和(2) 本紙浪尺度適用中困國家揉準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐) A7 B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 好的粉末性質,也就是沒有黏滯的或似蟣的稠度在其固態 。一特定物質的毒性可藉檷準方法測試之*比如藉MTT試 驗為之,例如,國際藥學雜誌(Int. J. Pharm.,) 65 (1990年),249-259頁敘述者。一特定物質的粉末性質則 可從已發表之物質的數據確認,或是實驗性地確定之。 一項非常成功的促進劑型式是脂肪酸的鹽類。已發現碳 鍵長度10(即癸酸納),12(即十二酸納),及14 (即十四酸 納)之飽和脂肪酸的納鹽在本發明之方法中表現甚佳。癸 酸的鉀齧和離胺酸鹽亦被發琨在本發明的方法中為有效者 。若碳鐽的長度短於約10個原子,則該界面活性劑之表面 活性或許太低,且若該碳鍵的長度於約14個原子*則該胞 肪酸鹽類在水中降低的溶解度會限制其使用性。 在本發明中促進胰島素在下呼吸道中被吸收的物質之最 佳者為癸酸納。 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消费合作社印裝 (請先閱讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本頁) 因此在一偁尤佳的具體實例中,本發明提供了一種治療 製劑;其包括活性化合物(A)胰島素和(B)癸酸納,呈乾 埭粉末的形式逋於吸入,其中該活性化合物(A)和(B)的 總霣量之至少50%包含了(a)主要顆粒具有小於約10微米 的直徑,例如介於0.01和10微米之間,較好是介於1和6 微米之間,或是(b)此種頼粒的聚结物;特定言之在此尤 佳之具賭實例中,本發明提供: 一種胰島素和癸酸納的治療製劑*此製劑係呈乾嫌的粉 末形式通用於吸入,其中至少50%的質量包含(a)直徑小 於約10微米的顆粒•或(b)該顆粒之聚结物; -11- 本紙張尺度逍用中國·家揉準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) 4〇幺5〇6 A7 B7 五、發明説明(9 ) (請先W讀背面之注事項再填寫本£ 一種包含胰島素,癸酸納,和藥物學上可接受之載嬲之 治療製爾*此製爾係呈乾煉的粉末形式逋用於吸入,其中 至少50%的質量包含(a)直徑小於約1 0微米的顆粒,或 (b)該顆粒之聚结物;及 一種包含活性化合物(A)胰島素和(B)癸酸納的治療製 劑,其中至少50%活性化合物(A)和(B)之總質量包含直 徑小於約10微米的顆粒*及一棰蕖物學上可接受的載劑, 此製劑係呈瑭用於吸入的乾堍粉末形式,其中該活性化合 物與槩物學上可接受之載蜊之間可能形成有次序的混合物 〇 不同的對抗離子可能改變飽和脂肪酸馥在水中的溶解度 ,比如一種碳鏈長度在10-14 Μ外的促進劑將比以上在本 發明中特定提到的促進劑顯示更為有利。在本發明中不飽 和脂肪酸的鹽類可能亦有用處,因為它們比飽和腊肪酸的 鹽類更具水溶性,且因而可比後者有較長的碳鐽長度而仍 然維持對一個成功的胰島素吸收促進劑而言所必需的溶解 度。 —— 經濟部中央揉隼局負工消費合作社印装 臟鹽及臞鹽之衍生物在本發明的方法中經測試為有用的 促進劑。所有那些測試遇的(熊果去氧膽酸、牛膽酸、甘 臛酸、和牛磺二氫梭鍵孢酸的納鹽)均有效地在肺部促進 胰島素之吸收。 磷脂類亦被测試為促進劑,已發現單鍵的磷脂(溶菌磷 脂牖素)是一種有效的促進劑,然而有兩種雙鍵的磷脂( 二辛醯磷脂臓素和二癸醵瞵脂_素)卻不是。此结果或許 -12- I紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公嫠〉 402506 A7 B7 五、發明説明(10 ) 可藉雙鐽磷脂比其單鍵的對應部分甚不容易溶於水的事實 來解釋;然而對於雙鏈的較短鐽長之磷脂比較其較長鍵之 對應部分具有較大的水溶性將有用於作為本發明之促進劑 ,所Μ單鍵及雙鍵的磷脂均可使用,這樣的期望是合理的 〇 一種糖苷叫辛基吡喃葡萄糖苷經澜試為本發明中之一種 促進劑,且被發現其具有某些促進吸收的性質。其他的烷 基糖苷如硫代吡喃葡萄糖苷和吡喃麥芽糖苷亦被認為能在 本發明的方法中展現促進吸收的性質。 環糊精及其衍生物有效地促進鼻腔吸收胰島素*且可類 似於在肺部中作用。二甲基- /3-環糊精已在本發明的方法 中被測試過且已發現其具有一種促進吸收的作用。 其他可能有用的界面活性劑是柳酸納、5 -甲氧基柳酸納 ,以及天然生成的界面活性劑如:甘草素酸、皂角苷糖苷 類和醢基肉鐮。 經濟部中央樣率局負工消費合作社印装 (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 對於離子性促進劑(例如Μ上敘述的陰離子界面活性劑 )而言·其對懕難子的本質或許重要。所選之特定對應離 子會影響粉末性質、溶解度、稱定度、吸溼性、和該促進 _或含有該促進麵之任何S方的局部/系统之毒性。其亦 可能影響到所合併之胰島素的穗定度Μ及/或是溶解度。 一般言之,單價的金颶陽雕子如:納、鉀、鋰、教I、铯被 認為有用在作為陰離子促進劑的對應離子。氨與有櫬胺類 形成另外一類陽難子,其被認為可通當用於具有羧酸部分 之陰離子促進劑。此類有機胺的具賭實例包括乙酵胺、二 -13- 本紙張Α度逋用中國國家橾率(CNS > Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局男工消费合作社印«. 402506_^_ 五、發明説明(11 ) 乙酵胺、三乙酵胺、2-胺基-2-甲基乙基胺、内銨鹽、乙 二胺、Ν,Ν -二苄基乙四胺、精胺酸、六亞甲基四胺、姐鏃 胺酸、Ν -甲基六氫吡啶、離胺酸、六氫吡畊、亞精胺、精 胺、和三甲酵胺基甲烷。 因為對於許多試驗遇的促進劑已發現其在肺中能有效促 進胰島素的吸收,所Μ吾人期望更多Κ此方式作用者會被 發現。毅粉微球體能有效地促進胰島素經由鼻腔膜遞送之 生物可獲性,並且被测試成為本發明之方法中的促進劑。 雖然它們在此處所用的動物棋式中被證實在經由肺部途徑 遞送上不太有用,但是我們想這主要是由於技術上的困雞 ,若能克服此困難則或許能引致成功的經肺的途徑之遞送 方式。蝥合劑是一類促進爾·其被相信是藉著輿鈣離子结 合而作用的。由於鈣離子有肋於維持细胞之間的空間向度 ,且另外堪降低胰島素的溶解度,將這些離子结合理論上 會增加胰島素的溶解度,並且增加旁细胞對胰島素之通透 性。雖然有一種測試過的蝥合劑-乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的 納鹽已被發斑使用在被測試的老鼠棋式中不能有效地促進 胰島素吸收,但是其他與鈣離子结合的蝥合劑或許會被證 實較為有用。 一般言之,在允許快速並有效率地促進胰島素吸收的範 園内,吾人希望保持胰島素對促進劑的比例愈高愈好。為 了要使歸因於促進爾;無論是局部的或是糸统的不利影響 之危險性降至最小,故Μ上所述很重要。吾人可確定任伺 給定的促進劑之胰島素對促進爾之最佳比例,藉由在體內 -14- 本紙張尺度逍用中國困家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) • -- , ---------Ί Κ裝------訂-----嫌 C Γ' .(請先《讀背面之注意Ϋ項再填寫本頁) 40250b a? B7 五、發明説明(12 ) 模式如此處說明者之中澜試各種比率。例如•胰島素以如 下的重最比率與癸酸納合併:50 / 50,75 / 25,82.5/ 17.5,和90 / 10。所得到顯著的增進胰島素的吸收是K 50%和25%的癸酸納,以10%則對吸收之增進很差,而以 17. 5%所得的结果在中等。這指出了在本實驗的方法中所 使用癸酸納的最低有效濃度大約是15-25%,且可能為 20 - 25%。其他促進劑相閫於胰島素也許有較高或較低的 最佳滬度,因此毎一個各別促進_必須要分別地澜試。基 於Μ上的结果*界面活性劑型式的促進劑之最佳比率被認 為通常是介於(胰島素/促進爾)混合物的10%和50%之間 *例如介於15%和50%,比如說介於25%和50%之間。必 須注意到Μ上的比率代表促進劑單獨相闞於胰島素的比率 ,而未考慮任何可能添加的載劑或其他添加物,例如用Μ 增進該調配物的粉末性質所添加的物質。 根據本發明之胰島素吸收量可顯著地高於沒有促進劑時 的吸收董。在此處的實施例4中顯示根據本發明之治療製 劑被用於吸入-時,能良好的展現生物可獲取性•其乃三倍 大於單獨使用胰島素的吸入用製繭所得者。 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消費合作社印製 C (請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 較佳者是根捶本發明之胰島素吸收量乃顯著地 (ρ<0.05)高於不含促進劑時的吸收量。 如本文Κ上陳述者,經常包括在治療製麵中的添加物質 ,比如蕖物學上可接受的載劑可包括於本發明的治療製劑 之中。例如可Κ包含添加物質以求將該粉末稀釋至缠於從 特殊使用之粉末吸入器遞送出來的最;Μ輔助該製劑的製 本紙張尺度逋用中國困家梂準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 402506 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(13 ) 造,增進該製爾的粉末性質*增進該製劑的種定性,如: 使用抗氧化爾或調整出之化合物的方法;或者添加味道至 該製劑。任何添加物必須不能對胰島素或吸收促進劑的播 定度有不良影響,或者不利地干擾胰島素的吸收。它必箱 也是穩定的,但是不吸濕,具有好的粉末性質但是在氣流 路徑上沒有不利的作用。可能的添加物實例可提出者有: 單一,雙、和多醣類,糖酵類及其他多元酵類,有如舉例 之乳糖、葡萄糖、植物蜜糖、落葉松糖、乳耱酵、麥芽糖 酵、海薄糖、蔗糖、甘荛酵和澱粉。因為還原糖如:乳耱 和葡萄糖具有和蛋白霣形成複合物的趨向•所以非堪原耱 ,如:植物蜜耱、落葉松糖、乳糖酵、麥芽糖酵、海瀦糖 、蔗糖、甘露酵和澱粉或許是較佳之用於本發明的添加物 。視所使用的吸入器而定,此類添加物的埋量可在一非常 寬的範酾內改變。在某些情況下,只需少量或不需添加物 ,然而例如在一種吸入器需要很大的粉末體積Μ求浬作的 情形下,則該治療製爾之非常高的百分率可能包含添加物 ,所需之添加物的量可Μ很容易地由習於此藝者根據特定 情況予Κ決定。 一種有用於將粉末遞送至病患肺部的機制是經由適用於 乾燁粉末吸入的手提式吸入器裝置。有許多此類装置典型 地設計用於《送抗哮喘或抗發炎的槩劑進入呼吸糸统已進 入市場。較好是該装置為乾堍粉末吸入器,其設計能提供 粉末防溼氣並且沒有偶發性大劑量的危險,此外#望能符 合Μ下愈多愈好:防粉末受光;在一寬大的流速區間內有 -16- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先聞讀背面之注意事項存填寫本頁) -装. 訂 經濟部中央橾準局貝工消费合作杜印裝 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印装 402506 五、發明説明(14 ) 高呼吸部分及高量肺部積留;對於爾量及呼吸部分的僑差 低;在接口内粉末滯留量低;吸附至吸入器表面的量低; 劑量大小有彈性;和低吸入阻抗性。該吸入器較好是一種 單一用劑的吸入器,雖然多重用劑吸入劑;較好者如多重 用麵、藉呼吸起動的多重用途的乾燥粉末式吸入器亦可使 用。較好是所使用的吸入器為單位爾量,以吸吸起動的單 一用途之乾煥粉末吸入器。 該敘述的粉末製劑可以由數種方式利用傳统技術製造。 可能需要將活性成份及若逋當條件(即當不使用有次序的 混合物)使用的任何載劑在一逋當的磨具中予以微米化; 例如在過程中某一點使用噴射式磨具,Μ求產生的主要粒 子大小的範園適於在下呼吸道中積存(即在10微米Κ下)。 例如,可將混合的胰島素和促進劑粉末及遘當則加入之載 爾予Κ乾烽,然後將其一起研磨至微米;或者可將物質分 開研磨然後混合◊待混合的化合物具有不同的物理性質如 :硬度與雎度,其對於研磨成微米的阻抗性也相異,它們 需要不同的壓力將其碎裂成逋當大小的顆粒。當其放在一 起研磨使成微米大小時,其中一棰成份所得到的顆粒大小 也許不使人滿意。在這樣的情況下,分開研磨不同的成份 較為有利。 也可Κ先將該成份;包括任何載劑在不欲有次序的混合 物的情況下溶解於逋當的溶劑;比如水中,使各成份在分 子屑次上相混合。此程序亦使得調節dT值到想到的水平成 為可能。已知Λ腔吸收胰島素是受試製劑之出值的影響, 本纸張尺度適用中國國家揲準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) ^^1 HI - I c (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 402506 五、發明説明(15 ) 當從胰島素之等霉點5.5左右上或下地移動時則吸收會增 加。然而胰島素在出值顯著地居5.5 Μ上或Μ下時或較不 棰定,旦甚而為吸入產物之藥物上可接受之cH 3 . 0至8 . 5 的限制必須列入考盧,因為產物的pH在此限制Μ外會引起 氣流通道受刺澹和收縮。為了得到粉末,必須用保持胰島 素之生物活性的方法除去溶劑。通當的乾譟法包括:真空 濃縮、開放式乾燥、咱灑式乾燥、及冷凍乾燥。通常應該 避免在超》401的溫度下多於數分鐘,因為胰島素的某些 降解作用會發生。接著乾燥步驟•若必要可將該固體物霣 加以研磨Μ得到粗粉末,然後若有必要則予Μ研磨成微米 大小0 若需要可將研磨成微米大小的粉末加工以增進其流動性 質*例如:藉由顆粒化Μ形成具有優良處理性質的球狀聚 结物,此加工步驟必需在其裝入所欲之吸入器裝置Κ前完 成。在這種情況下,該装置要經過構形Μ確認聚結物在離 開該裝置之前已大體上除去聚结,而能使得進入病患之呼 吸道的顆粒犬體在所欲之大小範圍内。 經濟部中夹樣準局wc工消費合作社印製 ---------r-c^-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在希求有次序的混合物的情況下,可將該活性化合物予 以加工;例如研磨成微米大小Κ求若想要可得到在特定大 小範_以内的顆粒。載劑亦可加工,例如為了得到想要的 大小和表面性質-諸如特定之表面對重量的比例、或一定 的粗糙度,並且為了確認在有次序的混合物中最佳之结合 力。對於有次序之混合物的此類物理需求乃詳知者,正如 許多獲得符合該需求之有次序混合物的方法,並且此類需 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) 402506 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印裝 A7 B7_五、發明説明(16 ) 求可由熟宵者根據特殊狀況很容易地決定。 現在將K實施例的方式說明本發明,而此乃欲解說而非 限制本發明的範爾。 當施例 比較之奮油;例 腾鳥隶的治瘠郸輞I不含谁割 將半合成的人類胰島素(Diosynth公司出品,0.8公克) 和水(150毫升)加入一堍杯中,用1 M HC1將cH值降至出 3.4 ,然後用1 M NaOH將之提升至出7.4M求溶解該胰島 素0 添加入乳糖(商品可取得,9.2公克),再將出調整至出 7.4 。攢拌該溶液直至澄清或微弱乳白色,Μ蒸發加Μ濃 縮而在37t:的溫度歷約2日時間。 將獲得之固體塊形物予K粉碎,並且用0.5毫米筛子篩 過|經由一涠噴射式磨具將產生的粉末研磨至微米大小之 直徑約為2微米的顆粒。 富例俐1 一 胰島素與癸辞納的治痗脚黼;hh例為75:25 將半合成之人類胰島素(9.75公克)和水(250«升)加入 一熵杯中。用1 M HC1將pH降至出3.4,然後再用1 Μ NaOH將之提升至出7.4Μ求溶解該胰島素。 添加入癸酸納(Sigma公司出品,3.25公克),再將由調 整至出7.4。攪拌該溶液直至澄清或微弱的乳白色,Μ蒸 發加Μ濃縮而在37t:之溫度歷2日時間。 -19- (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
C Γ^'· 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS ) Λ4规格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央揉準局員工消費合作杜印裝 402506 A7 ___B7__ 五、發明説明(17 ) 將獲得的固體塊形物予以粉碎,並且用0.5毫米篩子篩 過,再經由一涸噴射式磨具將產生的粉末研磨至撤米大小 之直徑約為2微米的顆粒。 富倫例2 胰息素和癸曲纳的治瘡郸麵,僉有乳t:h锎為50 :25: 如同在霣施例1中將半合成的人類胰島素(7. 5公克)溶 在水中(150毫升)。加入癸酸納(3.75公克)和乳糖(3.75公 克),並依照實施例1的程序產生大部分由直徑2微米的 顆粒所組成的粉末。 當施例3 除烏表筘癸酴纳治瘠郸_,含有乳》:卜h例為4:4:92 依照實施例2的程序,使用0.5公克半合成的人類胰島 素、1 5 0毫升的水,0 . 5公克癸酸納和11 . 5公克乳糖。 瞄λ a肼究
研H 使用實施钶1的製備物在二隻狗身上作吸入劑研究。將 該製_装人一個Wright Dust Feed吸人劑装置中並施用於 該狗隻。劑量水平為1 U/每公斤(1 U=1單位人類胰島素 =35微克人類胰島素* 100% )。在不同時間間隔量測血液 葡萄糖和血漿胰島素的值•所得结果則摘錄於K下表1和 表2中。 -20- 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4«^· ( 210X297公釐) (請先《讀背面之注意事項再填寫本X ) 装. 訂 40250^ 五、發明説明(l8 ) A7 B7 經濟部中央梂準局貝工消费合作社印製 终止曝霣之後 血液採樣的時間 (分篇) 血液葡萄耱 (毫莫耳/升) 胰島素漘度 (微單位/奄升) before 3.9 6.70 0.5 3.6 120.66 5 2.8 194.47 10 2.6 195.39 20 n.d 139.74 22.5 1.6 n.d 31 2.0 73.42 45 1.7 47.49 59.5 1.7 36.21 89.5 2.3 19.28 120 3.0 14.58 240 4.5 5.28 ,d.=未测定 請 先 閱 讀 背 之 注
V i 裝 訂 -21- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 402506 A7 __—__B7 五、發明説明(19) 终止曝靄之後 血液採樣的時間 (分鐮) 血液葡萄糖 (毫莫耳/升) 胰島索溻度 (微單位/鼉升) before 3.9 44.84 3 4.2 165.10 6 4.3 158.28 12 3.9 n.d. 14 n.d. 180.72 19 3.0 133.75 30 2.7 143.71 45 2.5 91.62 60 2.4 66.70 90 2.7 38.58 122 3.7 29.15 241 4.1 n.d. 242.5 n.d. 19.76 n.d.=未_定 (請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局贝工消费合作杜印製 該表說明了胰島素/癸酸納的調配物顯著地使血漿的胰 島素濃度增加並使血液中葡萄糖降低。血漿胰島素的尖峰 值與血糖的最小值分別在大約1 5和60分鐘之後達到。 研究2 藉由Wright Dust Feed吸人繭装置之方法將比較之實施 例和實施例1之製劑K固定劑量水平(1單位/公斤)施用 -22- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家槺率(Cii) A4规格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中夹標準局貝工消費合作枉印装 40250^ a7 ___B7__ 五、發明説明(20 ) 於4隻或5隻狗。在不同的時間定點上澜定每一種調配物 在血漿胰島素水平與血糖水平上的作用,其所得结果說明 於鬭1和2 。我們發規吸入粉末之後雖然不含促進蘭的對 照組調K物基本上不會使血漿的胰島素水平產生變化*但 是含有胰島素與促進劑二者的譌配物則會使血漿胰島素的 水平升高,從約20微簞位/毫升於時間零處至約80微單位 /毫升於15分鐘處。同樣地,控制姐的動物於吸入無促進 劑的胰島素以後記錄了約0.5奄莫耳/升之最大血糖水平 之降落,而吸入胰島素加促進劑的動物之記錄則大約1,7 毫莫耳/升的短暫降落,從大約4.0毫莫耳/升至大約 2.3毫莫耳/升。因而,胰島素與促進劑-癸酸納结合能 迅速地被吸收並自糸统循環中清除,且具有對應之短暫的 血糖濃度減小。相對的,含有載劑(乳糖)而無促進劑的胰 島素則可澜得其只在極小程度被吸收。(胰島素/癸酸鹽 )對應(胰島素/乳糖)之p = 0.0002)。 研究3 將實施例Γ-3的每一種製劑Μ變化之劑量在二隻狗身上 作試驗。該製劑的施用係藉Wright Dust Feed吸入劑装置 的方法。於吸入K後在不同的時間間隔最測血漿胰島素和 血液葡萄糖的潇度水平。其结果於臛3-6中指示出來,並 且顯示胰鳥素在不同比率與胰島素结合能迅速吸收,且在 2 0-30分鏑之後得到尖峰值,接著是相懕的血液葡萄糖濃 度減少。該结果亦指出藉由吸入胰島素粉末可獲得血漿的 描述側圓(profile),其比較相似於自然的生理側圖勝於 -23- 本紙張尺度通用中國國家揉準(CMS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) --------^-Γ 裝-----.1 訂-----ί (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4〇25〇b A7 B7 五、發明説明(打) Μ皮下注射胰島素之後所得之側圖。 啻嫌例4 醣息素和筚赭纳· 75:25: WA1F磨牵撤米的粉玄珉合 在一個具有加壓氮氣(送入壓力7 bar*容器内壓力為5 bar)之 Airfilco Jet Mill (商標名,由 Airfilco process Plant Limited公司出品)噴射式磨具中將生物 合成的人類胰島素(53公克〉研磨至大量中等直徑為2.4微 米的顆粒。 在一個具有加壓氮氣(送入壓力5 bar*容器内朦力3 bar)的Airfilco Jet Mill (TM)噴射式磨具中將癸酸納 (170公克)研磨至大最中等直徑為1.6微米的顆粒。 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作杜印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 根據以下程序將研磨過的生物合成之人類胰島素(45公 克)和癸酸納(14.26公克)K乾式混合:將一半的胰島素 加入混合裝置中,該裝置包含一個體積為4.4公斤的混合 圓荷,有篩孔/奄米的篩網予Μ分隔成為二室,在每一室 中有一個金臈環用Κ幫肋混合與攪拌。該混合用圃筒是封 閉的,Κ 18Γ0°轉動並嵌入一個Κ馬達帶動的搖動裝置中 。將馬達啟動並使其搖動持纊約2分鐘,直到所有的胰島 素和癸酸納都通過篩子。Μ掉馬達且該混合用固荷轉動 180°再嵌於該搖動裝置上,再度使其搖動直到所有粉末均 通遇篩子。此程序重覆另外8次Μ達成一共大約20分鏟的 混合時間。 將所獲得的製劑藉吸入法施用於5隻拘,利用Wright Dust Feed吸入劑装置而Ml單位/公斤的劑量水平為之 -24- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樑準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐) 402506 A7 B7_ 五、發明説明(22) ,並且在施用之後於不同的時間定點測定血漿的胰島素濃 度水平。 所得的结果乃與生物合成如Μ上研磨至大量中等直徑為 2.4奄米粉末的胰島素Μ相同的方式和相同的劑量水平施 用於5隻狗所得的血漿胰島素澹度水平相比較,並且與胰 島素和癸酸納Κ90:10的比例合併的製劑用Μ上相同的方 式和相同的劑最水平施用於5隻狗所得到的血漿胰島素澹 度水平相比較。在此案中治療製劑之製備如下:Κ膠體過 «法處理人的半合成胰島素以降低鋅相鬮於胰島素的含量 自0.52%至0.01%。將胰島素(4. 5公克)和癸酸納(0.5公 克)溶於水(232毫升)之中。禰拌該溶液直到澄清並將出 調整至7.0 。在37 t:M蒸發濃縮該溶液經大約2日的時間 。粉晬得到的固體塊狀物*並且用0.5毫米孔徑的篩子篩 過,將得到的粉末經一個嗔射式模具研磨至具有大畺中等 直徑為3.1毫米的顆粒。 這些比較的结果頭示於國9 。這些结果展示出具有90: 10配方的胰島素在其生物可獲取性上有某些增進,而根據 本發明具有75: 25製備的胰島素在其生物可獲得性方面則 有戲刺性的増進,此乃與軍獨為胰島素相比較的结論 (75:25和100:0之製劑的差異為p = 0.0147)。 窗)fe俐5 捆谁酺的饿檯 列於表3的毎一種化合物均在老鼠模式中被測試其促進 胰島素攝取,從而影響血糖濃度的能力。不同形式的胰島 25*· 本纸張尺度逍用中國國家揉準(CNS ) Λ4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) .装· 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印装 402506 A7 B7 五、發明説明(23 ) 素被使用:電组的或半合成的、人的或牛的。如同Μ上實 施例卜3的方式製備每一種配方,乾燥及將胰島素/促進 劑加工Μ產生可吸入的粉末。 藉由吸入方式將該粉末施用於老鼠體,接著監測老鼠的 血糖瀠度水平。將這些濃度水平與從吸入不含促進劑之胰 鳥素配方的老鼠所得到的對應數值作比較。 m nn ^^^1 ml md m i c (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) 402506 五、發明説明(24 ) A7 B7 宪 TTT 観 促谁割:I»息素:!》.纗 效果 辛基吡喃葡萄糖苷 4:4:92 (+) 熊果去氧膽酸/納 4:4:92 + 牛膽酸/納 4:4:92 + 甘牖酸/納 4:4:92 + 溶菌磷胞鼸索 4:4:92 · + 二辛醯m脂臟素 2:4:94 (+) 二癸釀磷脂鼸素 4:4:94 - 牛磺二氫梭鏈孢酸/納 2:4:94 + 辛酸納 25:75:0 - 癸酸納 10:90:0 (+) 癸酸納 17.5:82.5:0 ㈩ 癸酸納 25:75:0 + 癸酸納 4:4^2 + 月桂酸納 25:75:0 ㈩ 油酸鉀 4:4:92 + 癸酸鉀 27:73:0 + 離胺酸癸_鼸 35:65:0 ' + 肉豆蔻酸納 30:70:0 + 二甲基環期精 75:25:0 + (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印製 + 有效果,亦即促進劑能顧著地促_血糖漘度下降 - 沒有效果,或效果非常小 (+)有效果,但不如”+”顧著 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家揉準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐) 402506 A7 ____B7五、發明説明(25 ) 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消費合作社印製 ffi?谁劑的灌棰 一禰標準的利用上皮细胞株CaCo-2的體外檢驗已被發展 出來(該细胞株可經由美國型式细胞收藏姐嫌(ATCC)取得 ,該姐嫌位於美國馬里蘭州Rockv ί lie市)Μ評估各種促進 _化合物在促進胰島素和其他檷記物输送通過上皮细胞之 單餍的能力,該细胞單蹰乃用以作為上皮细胞曆之横式, 而此细胞層在肺中的功能是將肺泡與肺的血液供應分開。 在此檢驗中,將促進劑和胰島素或其他記號物以不同的比 率和/或濃度溶於水溶液中,並將之施加在該细胞單暦的 尖突側上。在37 t:和95% RH (相對溼度)中保溫60分鐘Μ後 ,測試细胞薷基側上之記號物的量:例如使用放射性檷誌 的記號物。對鬭5和6中顧示本實驗中試驗的特定促進物 (癸酸納)而言,出現在鹽基儸上之記號物(甘露酵,分子 最3 60)的最要視使用之促進劑的濃度而定,至少達16毫莫 耳湄度癸酸納(圖7)。甚至當胰島素加至促進劑/甘茈醇 混合物(1 : 3電最比之癸酸納:胰島素)時此亦為真(圖8) 。此癸酸納的濃度(16奄奠耳濃度)亦被發現於促進胰島素 吸收通過细胞單層。16毫奠耳澹度的癸酸納存在時*通遇 單靥之胰島素的量是沒有任何促進劑時量的二倍。我們會 期望癸酸納的濃度愈高•則該细胞的滲透性會更增加;然 而癸酸納之可能的细胞毒性會阻止此種特定促進劑在相當 高的潇度之使用。 造項上皮细胞滲透性的體外模式可被用作為本發明之方 法中試驗任何促進劑之可利用性的篩選工具。 -28- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
C Γ裝 訂 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家榡準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 經濟部中央橾率局負工消費合作社印装 第利獅利申請案 Μ 修Ρ 1 Β8 序月£1 中文申請專利範圍修正本(89年4月) £S| 89. 4: -5補充, 六、申請專利範圍 !· 一種用於將胰島素以吸入式投遞至病患下呼吸道之乾粉 式治療製劑,該製劑包含作為活性成分之U)胰島素和 —種促進胰島素在下呼吸道被吸收的物質,該促進 劑係選自脂肪酸鹽、膽鹽或其衍生物,磷脂質、垸糖苷 、環糊精或其衍生物、篚基肉鹼及甘草素酸鹽,且其對 應至胰島素/促進劑之含量為介於10¾及50¾間,其中該 製劑中活性成份缌質量至少50%係由(a)具有至多達10 微米直徑的顆粒,或(b)此種顆粒的聚結物所姐成。 2 . 根據申請專利範圍第1項的治療製劑,其特性在於該治 療製劑只含有該活性化合物。 3 . 根據申請專利範圍第1項的治療製劑,其特性在於該乾 燥粉末除該活性化合物之外尚包含一種藥學可接受載窗| 0 4- 根據申請專利範圍第3項的治療製劑,其特性在於該載 劑包括具有直徑達1 0微米的顆粒,從而該乾燥粉末之至 少50%包含(a)具有直徑至多達10跆米的顆粒或(b)此 種顆粒的聚结物。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第3項的治療製劑,其特性在於該載 劑包括袓撻顆粒,從而該活性化合物與載劑之間可形成 有次序的混合物。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第4項的治療製劑,其中該乾燥粉末 之至少5 0 %包括(a )具有直徑介於1和6徽米的顆粒, 或(b )此種顆粒的聚结物。 7 . 根據申請專利範圍第1或5項的治療製劑,其中活性化 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注李項再填寫本頁} 訂 經濟部中央橾率局負工消費合作社印装 第利獅利申請案 Μ 修Ρ 1 Β8 序月£1 中文申請專利範圍修正本(89年4月) £S| 89. 4: -5補充, 六、申請專利範圍 !· 一種用於將胰島素以吸入式投遞至病患下呼吸道之乾粉 式治療製劑,該製劑包含作為活性成分之U)胰島素和 —種促進胰島素在下呼吸道被吸收的物質,該促進 劑係選自脂肪酸鹽、膽鹽或其衍生物,磷脂質、垸糖苷 、環糊精或其衍生物、篚基肉鹼及甘草素酸鹽,且其對 應至胰島素/促進劑之含量為介於10¾及50¾間,其中該 製劑中活性成份缌質量至少50%係由(a)具有至多達10 微米直徑的顆粒,或(b)此種顆粒的聚結物所姐成。 2 . 根據申請專利範圍第1項的治療製劑,其特性在於該治 療製劑只含有該活性化合物。 3 . 根據申請專利範圍第1項的治療製劑,其特性在於該乾 燥粉末除該活性化合物之外尚包含一種藥學可接受載窗| 0 4- 根據申請專利範圍第3項的治療製劑,其特性在於該載 劑包括具有直徑達1 0微米的顆粒,從而該乾燥粉末之至 少50%包含(a)具有直徑至多達10跆米的顆粒或(b)此 種顆粒的聚结物。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第3項的治療製劑,其特性在於該載 劑包括袓撻顆粒,從而該活性化合物與載劑之間可形成 有次序的混合物。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第4項的治療製劑,其中該乾燥粉末 之至少5 0 %包括(a )具有直徑介於1和6徽米的顆粒, 或(b )此種顆粒的聚结物。 7 . 根據申請專利範圍第1或5項的治療製劑,其中活性化 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注李項再填寫本頁} 訂 402506 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 合物u) 和6徽米 根據申請 島素是牛 具有生物 根據申請 島素是半 根據申請 島素是生 根據申請 於該促進 島素在下 管。 根據申請 進胰島素 根據申請 進胰島素 根據申請 為熊果去 納翹。 1 5 .根據申譆 進劑對應 8 . 9 · 10 12 13 14 和(B)之總重的至少5 0 %包括具有直徑介於1 的顆粒。 專利範圍第1項的治療製劑,其特性在於該胰 、豬、生物合成或半合成的人類胰島素,或是 活性之人類胰島素衍生物。 專利範圍第8項的治療製劑,其特性在於該胰 合成的人類胰島素。 專利範圍第8項的治療製劑,其特性在於該胰 物合成的人類胰島素。 專利範圍第1項的胰島素治療製劑,其持性在 胰島素於下呼吸道之吸收的物質是一種促使胰 呼吸道中經由上皮細胞層吸收進入鄰近的肺血 專利範圍第1項的治療製劑,其特性在於該促 在下呼吸道中之吸收的物質是一種癸酸鹽。 專利範圍第1項的治療製劑,其特性在於該促 在下呼吸道中之吸收的物質是癸酸钠。 專利範圍第1項之治療製劑,其中該促進物質 氧膽酸,牛膽酸,甘膽酸或牛磺二氫鐽孢酸的 專利範圍第1項的治療製劑•其特性在於該促 至胰島素/促進劑之含量為介於25¾及50¾間 1 6 .根據申請專利範圍第3項的治療製劑’其特性在於該添 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -St A8 B8 C8 D8 402506 ------ — 77、申請專利範圍 加物係選自於單醣、雙睡、和多_,糖醇類及其他多元 酵類。 其特性在於該添 其特性在於該添 麥芽糖醇、海f桌 (請先Η讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) W•根據申請專利範圍第3項的治療製劑 加物是一種非還原糖。 1 8 ·根據申請專利範圍第丨7項的治療製劑 加物是植物蜜糖、落葉松糖、乳糖醇 糖、蔗糖、甘露醇或澱粉。 19·根據申請專利範圍第i至6項及第8至1δ項中任—項之 治療製劑,其用於單一劑量,以呼吸起動的乾粉吸入器 中作為一次使用。 20.根據申請專利範圍第1至6項及第8至18項中任一項之 治療製劑,其用於多重劑量,以呼吸起動的乾粉吸入器 中作為多次使用。 2 1 . —種單一劑量,以呼吸起動的一次使用性乾粉吸入裝置 ’包含根據申請專利範圍第1至1 8項中任一項之治療製 劑。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 22 . ~種多重劑量,以呼吸起動的多次使用性乾粉吸入裝置 ’包含根據申請專利範圍第1至1 8項中任一項之治療製 劑。 23. —種促進劑*其係用於製備具有增進胰島素於下呼吸道 吸收之可吸入的乾粉式胰島素製劏,其中胰島素與促進 劏之總質量的至少5 0 %係由(a )至多達1 〇微米直徑之顆 粒*或(b )該顆粒的聚结物所組成,該促進劑係選自脂 肪酸鹽、膽鹽或其衍生物,磷脂質、烷楗苷、環猢精或 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐) A8 DO 4Q25Q6_:_g§ 六、申請專利範圍 其衍生物、醯基肉鹼及甘草素酸鹽,且其對應至胰島素 /促進劑之含量為介於10¾及50$間。 24 .根據申請專利範圍第23項之促進劑,其中該促進劑是癸 酸納。 2 5 .根據申請專利範圍第2 3項的促進劑,其中該促進物質為 熊果去氧膽酸,牛膽酸,甘膽酸或牛磺二氫鐽孢薛的納 顗。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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