JP2006089496A - 吸入用治療製剤 - Google Patents
吸入用治療製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006089496A JP2006089496A JP2005325056A JP2005325056A JP2006089496A JP 2006089496 A JP2006089496 A JP 2006089496A JP 2005325056 A JP2005325056 A JP 2005325056A JP 2005325056 A JP2005325056 A JP 2005325056A JP 2006089496 A JP2006089496 A JP 2006089496A
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- insulin
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Abstract
【解決手段】インスリンおよび下方気道でインスリンの吸収を強化する物質、特にカプリン酸ナトリウムなどの炭素数10〜14の脂肪酸塩、からなる溶液を調製し、溶媒を除去して固形物を得、その固形物を粉砕および/または混合して、少なくとも50%が10μmまでの径を有する粒子からなる下方気道吸入用乾燥粉末製剤の製造方法。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明によれば、肺でインスリン吸収を強化する物質をさらに含む吸入用乾燥粉末製剤中にインスリンが包含され、その製剤からインスリンが治療上許容しうる割合および量で吸収されうることが見出された。”吸収を強化する”とは強化剤の存在下で体循環中に吸引されるインスリンの量が、強化剤の不在下で吸収される量よりも多いことを意味する。
(1)上皮細胞間の強い接合における構造変化を生起させることによるインスリンの細胞周辺浸透性の強化;
(2)膜の蛋白質成分または脂質成分と相互作用するかまたはそれらを抽出し、それにより膜の無欠状態をかき乱すことによるインスリンの細胞通過浸透性の強化;
(3)水溶液中におけるインスリンの溶解性を増大させるところの強化剤とインスリンとの間の相互作用;これはインスリンの塊り(二量体、三量体、六量体)の形成を防止することによりまたは強化剤ミセル中にインスリン分子を溶解させることにより生起させうる;
(4)肺胞に沿って並ぶ粘液障壁の粘度を減少させるかまたはその障壁を溶解し、肺を通過させ、それにより上皮表面をインスリンの直接吸収のために露出する;
のいずれかによる。
インスリンおよびカプリン酸ナトリウムを含有する治療製剤であって、その製剤は質量基準で少なくとも50%が(a)約10μより小さい径を有する粒子または(b)該粒子の塊りからなる吸入用に適した乾燥粉末の形態で存在する製剤;
インスリン、カプリン酸ナトリウムおよび製薬的に許容しうる担体を含有する治療製剤であって、その製剤は質量基準で少なくとも50%が(a)約10μより小さい径を有する粒子または(b)該粒子の塊りからなる吸入用に適した乾燥粉末の形態で存在する製剤;および
活性化合物の(A)インスリンおよび(B)カプリン酸ナトリウム(ここで活性化合物(A)および(B)の全質量の少なくとも50%が約10μより小さい径を有する粒子からなる)並びに製薬的に許容しうる担体を含有する治療製剤であって、その製剤は活性化合物と製薬的に許容しうる担体とで処方された混合物が生成されうる吸入用に適した乾燥粉末製剤の形態で存在する製剤;
を提供する。
強化剤を含まないインスリンの治療製剤
半合成ヒトインスリン(Diosynth、0.8g)および水(150ml)をビーカーに加えた。pHを1M HClで下げてpH3.4にし次いで1M NaOHで上げてpH7.4にしてインスリンを溶解した。
ラクトース(商業的に入手しうる、9.2g)を加え、pHを再び調整してpH7.4にした。その溶液を透明または薄いオパールのような色になるまで撹拌し、次に37℃で約2日間蒸発により濃縮した。
得られた固形ケーキを粉砕し、0.5mm篩にかけて篩分けし、得られた粉末をジェットミルで微粉化して約2μの径を有する粒子にした。
インスリンおよびカプリン酸ナトリウム(75:25)からなる治療製剤
半合成ヒトインスリン(9.75g)および水(250ml)をビーカーに加えた。pHを1M HClで下げてpH3.4にし、次に1M NaOHで上げてpH7.4にしてインスリンを溶解した。
カプリン酸ナトリウム(Sigma、3.25g)を加え、pHを再び調整してpH7.4にした。その溶液を透明または薄いオパールのような色になるまで撹拌し、次に37℃で約2日間蒸発により濃縮した。
得られた固形ケーキを粉砕し、0.5mm篩にかけて篩分けし、得られた粉末をジェットミルで微粉化して約2μの径を有する粒子にした。
インスリンおよびカプリン酸ナトリウムをラクトースとともに、50:25:25の比率で含有する治療製剤
半合成ヒトインスリン(7.5g)を実施例1のように水(150ml)中に溶解した。カプリン酸ナトリウム(3.75g)およびラクトース(3.75g)を加え、実施例1の操作に従って、大部分が約2μの径を有する粒子からなる粉末を得た。
インスリンおよびカプリン酸ナトリウムをラクトースとともに、4:4:92の比率で含有する治療製剤
半合成ヒトインスリン0.5g、水150ml、カプリン酸ナトリウム0.5gおよびラクトース11.5gを用いて実施例2の操作に従った。
検討 1
2匹のイヌでの吸入についての検討において実施例1の製剤を使用した。製剤をライトダストフィード(Wright Dust Feed)吸入器に充填し、イヌに投与した。投与量は1U/kg(1U=ヒトリンスリン1単位=ヒトインスリン35μg、100%)である。血中グルコースおよび血漿インスリンの各値は種々の時間間隔で測定した。結果は下記の表IおよびIIに要約されている。
前記の比較例および実施例1の各製剤をそれぞれ、1U/kgの一定投与量でライトダストフィード吸入器を用いて4または5匹のイヌに投与した。血漿インスリンレベルおよび血中グルコースレベルに及ぼす各処方物の効果を種々の時点で測定した。結果は図の1および2に説明されている。強化剤を全く含有しない対照処方物は本質的には血漿インスリンレベルに全く変化がなかったが、インスリンと強化剤の両方を含有する処方物は0時での約20μU/mlから粉末吸入の15分後における約80μU/mlまで血漿インスリンレベルを上昇させたことが分かった。同様に、対照動物では強化剤を含まないインスリンの吸人後に血中グルコース約0.5ミリモル/lで最大滴量が記録されたが、インスリンおよび強化剤を吸入した動物で約4.0ミリモル/lから約2.3ミリモル/lまでの約1.7ミリモル/lの一過性滴量が記録された。すなわち、強化剤のカプリン酸ナトリウムと併用したインスリンは体循環中に急速に吸収されそしてそれより除去され、血中グルコースレベルが対応して一時的に減少された。逆に強化剤を含有しないが担体(ラクトース)を含むインスリンは極めて少量だけ(p=0.002,インスリン/ラクトースに関して)吸収されたことが検出された。
実施例1〜3の製剤をそれそれ種々の投与量で2匹のイヌを用いて試験した。製剤の投与は、ライトダストフィード吸入器を用いて実施した。血漿インスリンおよび血中ダルコースの各レベルは吸入後に種々の時間間隔て測定した。結果は図3〜6に示されており、そこには種々の割合でカプリン酸ナトリウムと併用されたインスリンが急速に吸収されることおよび20〜30分後にピーク値が得られ次いで血中グルコースレベルが対応して減少することが示されている。これらの結果はまた、インスリン粉末の吸入によりインスリンの皮下注射後に得られるよりも自然な生理学的プロフィールにより似ている血漿プロフィールが得られることを示している。
インスリンおよびカプリン酸ナトリウム(75:25);微粉化粉末の混合
生合成ヒトインスリン(53g)をエアフィルコジェットミル(Airfilco Jet Mill)(商標、Airfilco Process Plant Limited)中で加圧窒素(供給圧7バール、室圧5バール)を用いて質量中央径2.4μmに微粉化した。
カプリン酸ナトリウム(170g)をエアフィルコジェットミル(TM)中で加圧窒素(供給圧5バール、室圧3バール)を用いて質量中央径1.6μlに微粉化した。
強化剤の選択
表IIIに掲げた化合物のそれそれを、ラットモデルでインスリンの吸収を強化しそして血中クルコースレベルに影響を及ぼす該ラットの能力について試験した。種々の形態のインスリンすなわち組換えまたは半合成のヒトまたはウシのインスリンを用いた。各処方物を前記実施例1〜3のようにして調製し、インスリン/強化剤の溶液を乾燥し、加工して吸入用粉末を得た。
強化剤の選択
上皮細胞系CaCO-2(アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション(ATCC), Rockville, MD. USAより入手可能)を使用する標準in vitroアッセイは、上皮細胞単層を横切るインスリンおよびその他の標識物質の輸送を促進することができる種々の強化剤化合物の能力を評価するために、肺で行なう血液の供給から肺胞を分離するように肺中で作用する上皮細胞層のためのモデルとして開発された。このアッセイでは、強化剤およびインスリンまたは他の標識物質を種々の割合および/または濃度で水溶液中に溶解し、細胞単層の頂上側に適用する。37℃および95%RH(相対湿度)で60分インキュベーションした後に、細胞の外側基底側にある標識物質の量は例えば放射能標識付けした標識物質を使用することにより測定される。図5および6で示された実験で試験した特定の強化剤(カプリン酸ナトリウム)の場合には、外側基底側に現れる標識物質(マンニトール、MW 360)の量は使用する強化剤の濃度、ともかくカプリン酸ナトリウム16mMまでの濃度に左右される(図7参照)。これは、インスリンが強化剤/マンニトールの混合物に加えられる場合でさえ同様である(1:3のカプリン酸ナトリウム:インスリン、重量基準)(図8参照)。カプリン酸ナトリウムの濃度(16mM)はまた細胞単層を横切るインスリンの吸収を促進することが見出された。単層を横切るインスリンの量は16mMのカプリン酸ナトリウムの存在下では、強化剤の存在しない場合の量と比較して2倍であった。カプリン酸ナ卜リウムのより高い濃度では細胞の浸透性がさらに増加するが、しかしカプリン酸ナトリウムの潜在的な毒性のためにこの特定の強化剤の実質的により高い濃度での使用は妨げられることがあると考えられる。
Claims (4)
- インスリンおよび場合により製薬的に許容しうる担体および下方気道でインスリンの吸収を強化する物質からなる溶液を調製し、溶媒を蒸発またはその他の方法で除去して、固形物を得、次いで場合により、その固形物を粉砕および/または混合して、少なくとも50%が10μmまでの径を有する粒子からなる粉末を得ることからなる、治療用乾燥粉末製剤の製造方法。
- インスリンを下方気道でインスリンの吸収を強化する物質および場合により製薬的に許容しうる担体と一緒に乾燥混合し、次いで場合により、その固形物を粉砕および/または混合して、少なくとも50%が10μmまでの径を有する粒子からなる粉末を得ることからなる、治療乾燥粉末製剤の製造方法。
- 製剤を微粉化するさらに別の工程を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 製薬的に許容しうる担体を用いて粉末の処方された混合物を調製するさらに別の工程を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
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