JP6813484B2 - 血液浄化装置 - Google Patents
血液浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6813484B2 JP6813484B2 JP2017524989A JP2017524989A JP6813484B2 JP 6813484 B2 JP6813484 B2 JP 6813484B2 JP 2017524989 A JP2017524989 A JP 2017524989A JP 2017524989 A JP2017524989 A JP 2017524989A JP 6813484 B2 JP6813484 B2 JP 6813484B2
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- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims description 376
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 376
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002637 fluid replacement therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A61M1/26—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes and internal elements which are moving
- A61M1/267—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes and internal elements which are moving used for pumping
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Description
第1の実施形態に係る血液浄化装置は、患者の血液を体外循環させて血液浄化治療(例えば血液透析治療)を行わせるためのもので、図1に示すように、先端1aaに動脈側穿刺針(不図示)が接続可能な動脈側血液回路1a、及び先端1baに静脈側穿刺針(不図示)が接続可能な静脈側血液回路1bを有し、患者の血液を体外循環させ得る血液回路1と、動脈側血液回路1a及び静脈側血液回路1bの基端にそれぞれ接続され、当該血液回路1を流れる血液を浄化するダイアライザ2(血液浄化手段)と、動脈側血液回路1aに配設された血液ポンプ3と、動脈側血液回路1aに接続された動脈側エアトラップチャンバ4と、静脈側血液回路1bに接続された静脈側エアトラップチャンバ5と、ダイアライザ2に透析液を導入する透析液導入ラインL1と、ダイアライザ2から排液を排出する透析液排出ラインL2と、補充ラインL8と、選択手段11と、制御手段12とを有して構成されている。
クランプ手段V10を開状態として補液する際、例えば、複式ポンプ6を駆動させるとともに、電磁弁V1、V2、V4及びV7を閉状態、且つ、V3、V5及びV6を開状態とすることにより、補充ラインL8に補充される補充液の流量や液圧を制御し、圧力検出手段10で検出される血液ポンプ3の吸込圧を予め定められた所定値(例えば0mmHg)とする(S1)。
図8、9に示すように、細径の被しごきチューブCのサンプル1〜6について、吸込圧を0mmHgとするとともに、血液ポンプ3の駆動速度を設定速度に対して10%低減させることにより、設定流量に対する吐出量(すなわち流量)の誤差を全般的に抑制することができた。また、図10、11に示すように、太径の被しごきチューブCのサンプル1〜6について、吸込圧を0mmHgとするとともに、血液ポンプ3の駆動速度を設定速度に対して5%低減させることにより、設定流量に対する吐出量(すなわち流量)の誤差を全般的に抑制することができた。
本実施形態に係る血液浄化装置は、第1の実施形態と同様、患者の血液を体外循環させて血液浄化治療(例えば血液透析治療)を行わせるためのもので、図20に示すように、動脈側血液回路1a及び静脈側血液回路1bを有し、患者の血液を体外循環させ得る血液回路1と、動脈側血液回路1a及び静脈側血液回路1bの基端にそれぞれ接続され、当該血液回路1を流れる血液を浄化するダイアライザ2(血液浄化手段)と、動脈側血液回路1aに配設された血液ポンプ3と、動脈側血液回路1aに接続された動脈側エアトラップチャンバ4と、静脈側血液回路1bに接続された静脈側エアトラップチャンバ5と、ダイアライザ2に透析液を導入する透析液導入ラインL1と、ダイアライザ2から排液を排出する透析液排出ラインL2と、補充ラインL8と、制御手段12’とを有して構成されている。なお、第1の実施形態と同様の構成要素には、同一の符号を付し、それらの詳細な説明を省略する。
先ず、血液ポンプ3を駆動させて血液回路1にて血液を体外循環させた後(S1)、圧力検出手段10にて検出された血液ポンプ3の吸込圧が所定値(例えば0mmHg)であるか否か判定される(S2)。そして、S2にて血液ポンプ3の吸込圧が所定値であると判定されると、S4にて血液ポンプ3の駆動速度が維持されるとともに、S2にて血液ポンプ3の吸込圧が所定値でないと判定されると、S3にて血液ポンプ3の駆動速度が補正される。
1a 動脈側血液回路
1b 静脈側血液回路
2 ダイアライザ(血液浄化手段)
3、3’ 血液ポンプ(しごき型ポンプ)
4 動脈側エアトラップチャンバ
5 静脈側エアトラップチャンバ
6 複式ポンプ
7 除水ポンプ
8 加圧ポンプ
9 脱ガスチャンバ
10 圧力検出手段
11 選択手段
12、12’ 制御手段
13 ステータ
14 ロータ
15 ローラ(しごき部)
16 ガイドピン
17、17’ 上流側把持手段
18 下流側把持手段
19 把持片
20 ねじりバネ(付勢手段)
21 把持片
22 ねじりバネ
C 被しごきチューブ
Claims (4)
- 先端に穿刺針が接続可能な動脈側血液回路及び静脈側血液回路を有し、患者の血液を体外循環させ得る血液回路と、
前記動脈側血液回路及び静脈側血液回路の基端にそれぞれ接続され、前記血液回路にて体外循環する血液を浄化する血液浄化手段と、
前記動脈側血液回路に接続された被しごきチューブと、
前記被しごきチューブを径方向に圧縮しつつ長手方向にしごくことにより当該被しごきチューブの内部の液体を流動させ得る血液ポンプと、
前記動脈側血液回路における前記血液ポンプの配設位置より先端側の所定部位に取り付けられ、当該血液ポンプの吸込圧を検出し得る圧力検出手段と、
を具備した血液浄化装置において、
前記圧力検出手段で検出された前記血液ポンプの吸込圧に応じて当該血液ポンプの駆動速度を制御し得る制御手段を具備し、且つ、前記動脈側血液回路における前記血液ポンプの配設位置より先端側に接続され、所定の補充液を当該動脈側血液回路に補充し得る補充ラインを具備するとともに、前記制御手段は、前記血液ポンプの吸込圧が予め定められた所定値となるように前記補充ラインから補充される補充液の流量を制御可能とされたことを特徴とする血液浄化装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記被しごきチューブの吐出量特性に応じて前記血液ポンプの駆動速度を制御し得ることを特徴とする請求項1記載の血液浄化装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記圧力検出手段で検出された前記血液ポンプの吸込圧をフィードバックして当該血液ポンプの駆動速度を制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の血液浄化装置。
- 前記圧力検出手段は、前記血液ポンプに取り付けられるとともに、
前記被しごきチューブの径方向の変位を検出する変位検出手段と、
該変位検出手段で検出された前記被しごきチューブの径方向の変位に基づいて、前記液体流路の圧力を算出し得る圧力算出手段と、
を具備したことを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか1つに記載の血液浄化装置。
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