JP5145037B2 - 色素増感光電変換素子 - Google Patents
色素増感光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5145037B2 JP5145037B2 JP2007521310A JP2007521310A JP5145037B2 JP 5145037 B2 JP5145037 B2 JP 5145037B2 JP 2007521310 A JP2007521310 A JP 2007521310A JP 2007521310 A JP2007521310 A JP 2007521310A JP 5145037 B2 JP5145037 B2 JP 5145037B2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 87
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 256
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 133
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 claims description 82
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 63
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 47
- -1 substituted-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004555 carbazol-3-yl group Chemical group C1=CC(=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 6
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 4
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000355 1,3-benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001810 isothiocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=S 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002270 phosphoric acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000017983 photosensitivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000434 photosensitization Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidine Chemical compound C1CNNC1 USPWKWBDZOARPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound I.C1=CC=NC=C1 BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-ol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=N1 UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXAHUXSHRWNTOD-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound [Rh+3].[I-].[I-].[I-] KXAHUXSHRWNTOD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M sodium cholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000858 thiocyanato group Chemical group *SC#N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/94—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed containing carbocyclic rings other than six-membered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/18—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
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- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
- C07D215/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4
- C07D215/233—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4 only one oxygen atom which is attached in position 4
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/38—Nitrogen atoms
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- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/06—Ring systems of three rings
- C07D221/08—Aza-anthracenes
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- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/06—Ring systems of three rings
- C07D221/10—Aza-phenanthrenes
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- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/06—Ring systems of three rings
- C07D221/16—Ring systems of three rings containing carbocyclic rings other than six-membered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/18—Ring systems of four or more rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D223/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D223/16—Benzazepines; Hydrogenated benzazepines
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D421/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms
- C07D421/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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Description
すなわち本発明は、下記1〜17に記載の発明に関する。
(3)R 1 がC1〜C36脂肪族炭化水素残基である上記(1)に記載の光電変換素子。
(4)R 1 がC1〜C18アルキル基である上記(1)〜上記(3)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
(5)A 1 、A 2 及びA 3 が全てが水素原子である上記(1)〜上記(4)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
(6)nが0〜6である上記(1)〜上記(5)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
(7)ベンゼン環b、N−R 1 及び置換基Eよりなる基が、N−R 1 置換テトラヒドロキノリン−6−イル基であるときのR 1 がC5〜C18アルキル基であり、ベンゼン環b、N−R 1 及び置換基Eよりなる基がN−R 1 置換カルバゾール−3−イル基であるときのR 1 がC1〜C6アルキル基である上記(6)に記載の光電変換素子。
(9)酸化物半導体微粒子が二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛又は酸化スズを含有するものである上記(1)〜上記(8)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
(10)酸化物半導体微粒子が、包摂化合物の存在下での、上記(1)に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素又は請求項2に記載の式(3a)で表されるメチン系色素の担持により増感されたものである上記(1)〜上記(9)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
(11)酸化物半導体微粒子が、酸化物半導体微粒子の薄膜への上記(1)に記載の式(1a)又は上記(2)に記載の式(3a)で表されるメチン系色素の坦持により、増感されたものである上記(1)〜上記(10)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
(12)上記(1)〜上記(10)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子を用いることを特徴とする太陽電池。
(13)上記(1)に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素。
(14)上記(1)に記載の式(2a)で表されるメチン系色素が、上記(2)に記載の式(3a)で表されるメチン系色素である上記(13)に記載のメチン系色素。
(16)Yがシアノ基、R1が置換基を有しても良い炭素数が1から18の飽和及び不飽和の直鎖、分岐鎖の脂肪族炭化水素残基である上記(1)に記載の光電変換素子。
(17)上記(1)に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素が、下記式
HOOC(CN)C=CH−(CH=CH)na−Za
(式中ZaはN−C1〜C18アルキル置換テトラヒドロキノリン−6−イル基又はN−C1〜C18アルキル置換カルバゾール−3−イル基、naは0〜3の整数を表す)
で表されるメチン系色素である上記(13)に記載のメチン系色素。
また、本明細書においては参考のため、下記(B1)及び(B25)〜(B35)の発明についての記載も含む。
(B1)下記式(1)で表されるメチン系色素によって増感された酸化物半導体微粒子を用いることを特徴とする光電変換素子、
式(2)における環Cyは、4〜7員環であり、環構成原子として炭素原子、式(2)記載の窒素原子以外の複素原子を含んでいてもよい。また、置換基を有してもよく、環Cyが複数の置換基を有する場合には、任意の置換基同士でさらに環を形成してもよい。
式(3)におけるベンゼン環bは、式(3)に記載以外に、ハロゲン原子、置換されていても良いアミド基、ヒドロキシル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、置換基を有していても良いアルコキシ基、アシル基、置換もしくは非置換アミノ基、置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭化水素残基及び置換基を有していてもよい芳香族残基からなる群から選ばれる1個〜3個の置換基を有していても良い。また、複数の置換基が存在する場合それらの置換基は互いに結合して置換基を有しても良い環を形成しても良い。また、ベンゼン環b上の該置換基は、前記のA1、A2、及びA3いずれかと結合して置換基を有しても良い環を形成しても良い。式(3)におけるEは置換基を有してもよい炭素数2〜4の飽和又は不飽和の炭化水素残基をあらわす。Eが複数の置換基を有する場合には、その任意の置換基同士で環を形成してもよい。R1は置換基を有しても良い芳香族残基、置換基を有しても良い脂肪族炭化水素残基又はアシル基を表す。)、
(B25)基板上に設けられた酸化物半導体微粒子の薄膜に、下記式(1b)で表されるメチン系色素を担持させた光電変換素子、
(B27)Xがカルボキシル基である上記(B26)に記載の光電変換素子、
(B28)上記(B25)記載の式(1b)におけるYがシアノ基、カルボキシル基又はアシル基である上記(B27)に記載の光電変換素子、
(B29)Xがカルボキシル基、Yがシアノ基、カルボキシル基又はアシル基、nが0〜4である上記(B25)に記載の光電変換素子、
(B30)Xがカルボキシル基、Yがシアノ基、カルボキシル基又はアシル基、nが0〜4、Qが酸素原子である上記(B26)に記載の光電変換素子、
(B31)基板上に設けられた酸化物半導体微粒子の薄膜(以下酸化物半導体薄膜という)に、上記(B25)記載の式(1b)で表されるメチン系色素の一種以上と金属錯体及び/又は式(1b)以外の構造を有する有機色素を担持させた光電変換素子、
(B32)酸化物半導体薄膜が二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛又は酸化スズを含有する上記(B25)〜(B31)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子、
(B33)メチン系色素によって増感された酸化物半導体微粒子が、酸化物半導体微粒子に包摂化合物の存在下、上記(B25)記載の式(1b)で表されるメチン系色素を担持させたものである上記(B25)〜(B31)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子、
(B34)上記(B25)〜上記(B33)のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子を用いる事を特徴とする太陽電池、
X(Y)C=CH−Zb
(式中Xはカルボキシル基,Yはシアノ基、カルボキシル基又はアシル基、又は、X及びYが結合して、X(Y)C=が、2−フェニル−5−カルボキシ−3−ピラゾロン−4−イル基、Zbがモルホリノフェニル基を表す)
で表されるメチン系色素。
本発明の光電変換素子は前記式(1) で表されるメチン系色素よって増感された酸化物半導体微粒子を用いる。即ち、本発明の光電変換素子は、基板上に設けられた酸化物半導体微粒子の薄膜(以下単に酸化物半導体薄膜とも言う。)に上記式(1) で表されるメチン系色素を担持させたものである。
前記式(1)において、Zが式(3)の場合のメチン系色素は、下記式(1a)で表される。
式(1a)におけるR1は置換基を有しても良い芳香族残基、置換基を有しても良い脂肪族炭化水素残基又はアシル基を表し、置換基を有しても良い芳香族残基又は置換基を有しても良い脂肪族炭化水素残基であることが好ましい。
上記において、「置換基を有しても良い芳香族残基」における芳香族基とは、芳香環から水素原子1個を除いた基を意味し、芳香環としては例えばベンゼン、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナンスレン、ピレン、ペリレン、テリレン等の芳香族炭化水素環、インデン、アズレン、ピリジン、ピラジン、ピリミジン、ピラゾール、ピラゾリジン、チアゾリジン、オキサゾリジン、ピラン、クロメン、ピロール、ピロリジン、ベンゾイミダゾール、イミダゾリン、イミダゾリジン、イミダゾール、ピラゾール、トリアゾール、トリアジン、ジアゾール、インドリン、チオフェン、チエノチオフェン、フラン、オキサゾール、オキサジアゾール、チアジン、チアゾール、インドール、ベンゾチアゾール、ベンゾチアジアゾール、ナフトチアゾール、ベンゾオキサゾール、ナフトオキサゾール、インドレニン、ベンゾインドレニン、キノリン、キナゾリン等の複素環型芳香環、フルオレン、カルバゾール等の縮合型芳香環等が挙げられ、炭素数5〜6の芳香環(芳香環及び芳香環を含む縮合環)を有する芳香族残基であることが好ましい。
ここでハロゲン原子としてはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素等の原子が、リン酸エステル基としてはリン酸(C1−C4)アルキルエステル基等が、置換もしくは非置換アミノ基としては、アミノ基、モノ又はジメチルアミノ基、モノ又はジエチルアミノ基、モノ又はジプロピルアミノ基等のアルキル置換アミノ基、モノ又はジフェニルアミノ基、モノ又はジナフチルアミノ基等の芳香族置換アミノ基、モノアルキルモノフェニルアミノ基等のアルキル基と芳香族炭化水素残基が一つずつ置換したアミノ基又はベンジルアミノ基、またアセチルアミノ基、フェニルアセチルアミノ基等が、置換されていても良いメルカプト基としてはメルカプト基、アルキルメルカプト基、フェニルメルカプト基等が、置換されていても良いアミド基としてはアミド基、アルキルアミド基、アリールアミド基等がそれぞれ挙げられる。ここでアルコキシ基とは、前記脂肪族炭化水素残基と酸素原子との結合によりなる基を意味し、例えばメトキシ基、エトキシ基、ブトキシ基、tert-ブトキシ基等が挙げられ、また、置換基を有していてもよいアリールオキシ基としては、フェノキシ基、ナフトキシ基等が挙げられ、これらは「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族残基」の項で述べたものと同じ置換基を有していてもよい。又、アシル基としては、例えば炭素数1〜10のアルキルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基等が挙げられ、好ましくは炭素数1〜4のアルキルカルボニル基で、具体的にはアセチル基、トリフルオロメチルカルボニル基、ペンタフルオロエチルカルボニル基、プロピオニル基等が挙げられる。更にアルコキシカルボニル基としては例えば炭素数1〜10のアルコキシカルボニル基等が挙げられる。
さらに、「置換基を有していてもよい芳香族残基」における置換基としては、前記の他、置換基を有してもよい脂肪族炭化水素残基も好ましい置換基例として挙げられる。置換基を有してもよい脂肪族炭化水素残基としては、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1〜36の脂肪族炭化水素残基が好ましい例として挙げられる。ここにおける置換基としては、「置換基を有していても良い脂肪族炭化水素残基」における置換基として前記したものが挙げられる。
また、nが0以外の場合は、A1及び/又はA2及び/又はA3の複数個で置換基を有してもよい環を形成しても良いし、更にそれらはベンゼン環bを伴って置換基を有してもよい環を形成しても良い。形成しうる環の例としては不飽和炭化水素環又は複素環が挙げられる。
より、具体的には、前記(1)記載の式(1)におけるXがカルボキシル基,Yがシアノ基、 Zが式(3)で表される基で、該式(3)の基が、N−R1置換テトラヒドロキノリン−6−イル基又はN−R1置換カルバゾール−3−イル基(R1は式(3)におけると同じ)である場合には、A1、A2及びA3は全てが水素原子か、又はA1 とA3で又は隣のA2同士またはA3同士で結合して炭素数2〜3の連結基若しくは炭素数2の脂肪族鎖と酸素原子からなる連結基となり、1つの5〜6員環(該環は置換基としてメチル基を有していてもよい)を形成し、残りのA1、A2及びA3は全てが水素原子か、又はA2と1つ間を飛ばしたA3で結合して、硫黄原子、窒素原子及び酸素原子からなる群から選ばれる1つの異項原子からなる連結基となり、5員環を形成し、該5員環が1〜3個形成されており、残りのA1、A2及びA3は全てが水素原子であることが好ましい。
まず、式(1a)で示されるメチン系色素のうち、下記式(6a)で表されるメチン系色素の具体例を表1及び表2に示す。各表において、Phはフェニル基を意味する。
なお、下記(6a)において、X1はカルボキシル基、Y1はシアノ基、A4〜A6は水素原子、R1はC1〜C18アルキル基、R9a〜R13aは水素原子である場合好ましい。
なお、下記(7a)において、X2はカルボキシル基、Y2はシアノ基、A7〜A9は水素原子、R14a〜R17aは水素原子、R18aはC1〜C18アルキル基、R19a〜R23aは水素原子である場合好ましい。
環Cyは4〜7員環であり、環構成原子としては炭素原子、式(1b)記載の窒素原子以外に、複素原子を含んでも良い、また置換基を有しても良く、Cyが複数の置換基を有する場合には、任意の置換基同士でさらに環を形成しても良い)。好ましい環Cy基の一つとしてモルホリノ基をあげることができる。
XとYは前記式(1)〜(3a)についての説明の項で説明した通りである。
即ち、Xがカルボキシル基、Yがシアノ基、カルボキシル基又はアシル基、より好ましくはシアノ基の時好ましく、このときnが0は好ましい一つの組み合わせである。
XとYが結合して、置換基を有する環を形成する場合について補足すると、形成する環としては、ピラゾロン環、ロダニン環、ビスロダニン環、バルビツール環、ピリドン環等があげられ、ピラゾロン環、ロダニン環、ビスロダニン環であることが好ましく、ピラゾロン環であることが特に好ましい。この場合、nは0がこのましい。
又、nが0以外の場合は、A1及び/又はA2及び/又はA3の複数個で置換基を有してもよい環を形成しても良いし、更にそれらはベンゼン環aを伴って置換基を有してもよい環を形成しても良い。形成しうる環の例としては不飽和炭化水素環又は複素環が挙げられる。
例えば、X及びYの組み合わせの好ましいものの一つは、Xがカルボキシル基、Yがシアノ基、カルボキシル基又はアシル基、より好ましくはYがシアノ基である場合である。また、他の好ましい組み合わせとしては、X及びYが結合して、環を形成する場合であり、該形成される環がピラゾロン環であり、X(Y)C=で示されるメチン基が、2-フェニル-5-カルボキシ-3−ピラゾロン−4−イル基である場合である。
これらの好ましい組み合わせの場合、nは0が好ましい。前記式(2b)で示される基において、環Cyが、式(2b)に表示されている窒素原子の他に酸素原子又は硫黄原子を含む6員環である場合が好ましく、環Cy基がモルホリノ基の時より好ましい。このより好ましい化合物の場合において、A1は式(1b)の場合と同じでよく、より好ましくは水素原子である。
また、酸化物半導体微粒子の薄膜用の金属酸化物の具体例としてはチタン、スズ、亜鉛、タングステン、ジルコニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、イットリウム、ニオブ、タンタル、バナジウム等の酸化物が挙げられる。これらのうちチタン、スズ、亜鉛、ニオブ、インジウム等の酸化物が好ましく、特に酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズが好ましい。これらの酸化物半導体は単一で使用することも出来るが、混合して使用することも出来る。また酸化物半導体微粒子の粒径は平均粒径として、通常1〜500nmで、好ましくは1〜100nmである。またこの酸化物半導体微粒子は大きな粒径のものと小さな粒径のものを混合したり、多層にして用いることも出来る。
前記式(1)等で表される本発明で使用するメチン系色素を担持させる方法としては、式(1)等のメチン系色素を溶解しうる溶媒にて該色素を溶解して得た溶液、又は溶解性の低いメチン系色素にあってはそれらを分散せしめて得た分散液に上記酸化物半導体薄膜の設けられた基板を浸漬する方法が挙げられる。溶液又は分散液中の色素の濃度は式(1)等のメチン系色素の種類によって適宜決める。浸漬時における色素溶液又は分散液の温度は、おおむね常温から色素の溶解に使用する溶媒の沸点迄であり、また浸漬時間は1分から48時間程度である。式(1)等のメチン系色素を溶解させるのに使用しうる溶媒の具体例として、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、アセトニトリル、ジメチルスルホキサイド、ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトン、t -ブタノール等が挙げられる。溶液中の色素濃度は通常1×10-6M〜1Mが良く、好ましくは1×10-5 M〜1×10-1Mである。この様にして式(1)等のメチン系色素で増感された酸化物半導体微粒子薄膜を有する本発明の光電変換素子が得られる。
シアノ酢酸メチル1部と下記化合物(318)2部をエタノール20部に溶解した。この溶液にピペリジン0.01部を加え2時間加熱還流した。反応後溶液を冷却し析出した結晶をカラムクロマトで分離精製、エタノールで再結晶することにより、橙色結晶2.1部を得た。この橙色結晶を水酸化カリウム1部の存在下にエタノール20部中で2時間還流反応する。反応溶液に水50部を添加し、さらに塩酸で中和し、析出した橙色結晶をろ過、水洗し、さらにエタノールで再結晶することで化合物番号(32a)1.2部を橙褐色結晶として得た。
最大吸収波長;λmax=448nm(水:アセトニトリル=7:3)
核磁気共鳴の測定値;1H-NMR(PPM:d6-DMSO):0.85(m.3H),1.27(m.10H),1.53(m.2H), 1.84(m.2H), 2.73(m.2H), 3.35(m.4H), 6.60(d.1H),6.81(m.1H), 7.25(m.3H), 7.82(d,1H)
上記化合物(318)2部を下記化合物(319)2部に変更すること以外は実施例1と同様に処理を行うことにより化合物番号(278)1.4部を橙褐色結晶として得た。
最大吸収波長;λmax=395nm(水:アセトニトリル=7:3)
核磁気共鳴の測定値;1H-NMR(PPM:d6-DMSO):1.34(t.3H),4.50(m.2H),7.28(m.2H), 7.52(m.1H), 7.69(t.2H), 7.84(m.2H), 8.14(d.1H), 8.31(d.1H),8.62(d.1H)
表7に示される化合物番号のメチン系色素を3.2×10-4Mになるようにエタノール(EtOH)に溶解した。この溶液中に多孔質基板(透明導電性ガラス電極上に多孔質酸化チタンを450℃にて30分焼結した半導体薄膜電極)を室温(20℃)で12時間浸漬することにより、各色素を担持せしめ、溶剤(エタノール)で洗浄、乾燥させ、色素増感された半導体薄膜からなる本発明の光電変換素子を得た。実施例8及び実施例9については2種類の色素(本発明のメチン系色素と、非特許文献2記載の光増感金属錯体色素である下記式(320)又は特許文献2記載の光増感有機色素である式(321)の化合物をそれぞれ併用)をそれぞれ1.6×10-4Mになるように使用してEtOH溶液を調製し、2種類の色素を担持することにより同様に光電変換素子を得た。また実施例4〜実施例9においては半導体薄膜電極の酸化チタン薄膜部分(約0.25cm2)に0.2M四塩化チタン水溶液を約1cc滴下し、室温にて24時間静置後、水洗して、再度450℃にて30分焼成して得た四塩化チタン処理半導体薄膜電極を用いて色素を同様に担持した。更に実施例5及び実施例7については色素の担持時に包摂化合物として下記式(322)で示されるコール酸(東京化成工業(株)製)を3×10-2Mとなるように加えて色素溶液を調製し、半導体薄膜に担持させて、コール酸処理色素増感半導体薄膜を得た。このようにして得られた色素増感半導体薄膜を設けた基板上に半導体薄膜と、白金でスパッタされた導電性ガラスのスパッタ面を対峙させて20マイクロメーターの空隙を設けて固定し、その空隙に電解質を含む溶液を注入し、空隙を満たした。電解液としては、3−メトキシプロピオニトリルにヨウ素/ヨウ化リチウム/1、2−ジメチル−3−n−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド/t−ブチルピリジンをそれぞれ0.1M/0.1M/0.6M/1Mになるように溶解したものを使用した。
測定する電池の大きさは実効部分を0.25cm2とした。光源は500Wキセノンランプを用いて、AM(大気圏通過空気量)1.5フィルターを通して100mW/cm2とした。短絡電流、解放電圧、変換効率はソーラシュミレータWXS−155S−10,AM1.5G((株)ワコム電創製)を用いて測定した。
シアノ酢酸メチル1部と下記化合物(171)1.6部をエタノール20部に溶解した。この溶液にピペリジン0.01部を加え2時間加熱還流した。反応後溶液を冷却し析出した結晶をカラムクロマトで分離精製、エタノールで再結晶することにより、黄色結晶2.1部を得た。この橙色結晶を水酸化カリウム1部存在下エタノール20部中で2時間還流反応する。反応溶液に水50部を添加し、さらに塩酸で中和し、析出した黄色結晶をろ過、水洗し、さらにエタノールで再結晶することで化合物(6)1.2部を黄色結晶として得た。
最大吸収波長;λmax=354nm(エタノール中)
核磁気共鳴の測定値;1H-NMR(PPM:d6-DMSO):3.40(t.4H),3.75(t.4H),7.08(d.2H), 7.97(d.2H), 8.12(s.1H)
上記化合物(171)1部と下記化合物(172)1部をエタノール20部中、2時間加熱還流、冷却し、得られた結晶をエタノールで再結晶することにより化合物(128)1.2部を朱色結晶として得た。
最大吸収波長;λmax=473nm(水:アセトニトリル=7:3)
核磁気共鳴の測定値;1H-NMR(PPM:d6-DMSO):3.57(t.4H),3.77(t.4H),7.10(s.2H), 7.28(t.1H), 7.48(t.2H), 7.93(d.2H), 8.52(s.1H),8.63(d.2H)
上記化合物(172)1部を下記化合物(173)0.6部とすること以外は参考例2Aと同様に処理して化合物(135)1.1部を紫色結晶として得た。
最大吸収波長;λmax=552nm(エタノール中)
核磁気共鳴の測定値;1H-NMR(PPM:d6-DMSO):1.80(s.6H),3.55(t.4H),3.75(t.4H),4.00(s.3H), 7.14(d.2H), 7.36(d.1H), 7.82(d.1H), 8.14(m.3H), 8.34(s.1H), 8.42(d.1H)
上記化合物(172)1部を下記化合物(174)0.6部とすること以外は参考例2Aと同様に処理して化合物(134)1.1部を朱色晶として得た。
最大吸収波長;λmax=440nm(エタノール中)
化合物番号128のメチン系色素を3.2×10−4Mになるようにエタノール(EtOH)に溶解した。この溶液中に多孔質基板(透明導電性ガラス電極上に多孔質酸化チタンを450℃にて30分焼結した半導体の薄膜部分(約0.25cm2)に0.2M四塩化チタン水溶液を約1cc滴下し、室温(20℃)にて24時間静置後、水洗して、再度450℃にて30分焼成して得た四塩化チタン処理半導体薄膜電極)を室温(20℃)で12時間浸漬し各色素を担持せしめ、溶剤(エタノール)で洗浄、乾燥させ、色素増感された半導体微粒子の薄膜からなる光電変換素子を得た。このようにして得られた色素増感半導体微粒子の薄膜を設けた基板上に半導体微粒子の薄膜と、白金でスパッタされた導電性ガラスのスパッタ面を対峙させて20マイクロメーターの空隙を設けて固定し、その空隙に電解質を含む溶液(電解液)を注入し、空隙を満たした。電解液としては、3−メトキシプロピオニトリルにヨウ素/ヨウ化リチウム/1,2−ジメチル−3−n−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド/t−ブチルピリジンをそれぞれ0.1M/0.1M/0.6M/1Mになるように溶解したものを使用した。
測定する電池の大きさは実効部分を0.25cm2とした。光源は500Wキセノンランプを用いて、AM(大気圏通過空気量)1.5フィルターを通して100mW/cm2とした。短絡電流、解放電圧、変換効率はソーラシュミレータWXS−155S−10,AM1.5G((株)ワコム電創製)を用いて測定した。
その結果、短絡電流 12.1mA/cm2、解放電圧0.67V、変換効率5.5%であった。
Claims (17)
- 下記式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素によって増感された酸化物半導体微粒子を用いることを特徴とする光電変換素子
- R 1 がC1〜C36脂肪族炭化水素残基である請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- R 1 がC1〜C18アルキル基である請求項3に記載の光電変換素子。
- A 1 、A 2 及びA 3 が全てが水素原子である請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
- nが0〜6である請求項3乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の光電変換素子。
- ベンゼン環b、N−R 1 及び置換基Eよりなる基が、N−R 1 置換テトラヒドロキノリン−6−イル基であるときのR 1 がC5〜C18アルキル基であり、ベンゼン環b、N−R 1 及び置換基Eよりなる基がN−R 1 置換カルバゾール−3−イル基であるときのR 1 がC1〜C6アルキル基である請求項6に記載の光電変換素子。
- (i)請求項1に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素の一種以上と、
(ii)金属錯体及び/又は式(1a)以外の構造を有する有機色素、
によって増感された酸化物半導体微粒子を用いることを特徴とする光電変換素子。 - 酸化物半導体微粒子が二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛又は酸化スズを含有するものである請求項1又は2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 酸化物半導体微粒子が、包摂化合物の存在下での、請求項1に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素又は請求項2に記載の式(3a)で表されるメチン系色素の坦持により、増感されたものである請求項1又は2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 酸化物半導体微粒子が、酸化物半導体微粒子の薄膜への請求項1に記載の式(1a)又は請求項2に記載の式(3a)で表されるメチン系色素の坦持により、増感されたものである請求項1又は2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の光電変換素子を用いることを特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素。
- 請求項1に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素が請求項2に記載の式(3a)で表されるメチン系色素である請求項13に記載のメチン系色素。
- 酸化物半導体薄膜電極の半導体薄膜に、請求項1に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素を担持させた光電変換素子。
- Yがシアノ基、R1が置換基を有しても良い炭素数が1から18の飽和及び不飽和の直鎖、分岐鎖の脂肪族炭化水素残基である請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 請求項1に記載の式(1a)で表されるメチン系色素が、下記式
HOOC(CN)C=CH−(CH=CH)na−Za
(式中ZaはN−C1〜C18アルキル置換テトラヒドロキノリン−6−イル基又はN−C1〜C18アルキル置換カルバゾール−3−イル基、naは0〜3の整数を表す)
で表されるメチン系色素である請求項13に記載のメチン系色素。
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WO2006134939A1 (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
EP1892792A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
KR101227928B1 (ko) | 2013-01-30 |
US20090165858A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
CA2610759A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
JPWO2006134939A1 (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
AU2006258583A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
EP1892792A4 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
KR20080019597A (ko) | 2008-03-04 |
US8022294B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
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