Parts of
speech
1- Articles
2- nouns
3- pronouns
4- verbs
5- Adverbs
6- Adjectives
7- Conjunctions
8- prepositions
Articl th
a an
es e
Definite article ي اداة تعريف تستخدم مع االسماء المحددة او المعرفة
(The):
The man standing there is my father.
The tall boy comes recently to the
town.
Indefinite articles (a -
an):
هما اداتا تنكير تستخدم مع االسماء المفردة المطلقة اي غير المحددة او
I bought a book. غير المعرفة
I sent my friend a card.
N ou n Concr Abstra
s ete ct
Concrete Nouns شمل اسماء االشخاص واالماكن والجمادات والوظائف
Proper Nouns: Ali – Brown – Jack –
Suha
Places: city – Iraq – garden – zoo –
village
Objects: window – car – pencil – shirt –
bike
Jobs: teacher
Abstract Nouns– doctor – worker –
nurse
ويقصد بها االسماء غير المحسوسة اي التي ال يمكن التعرف عليها بإحدى
Feelings – love – kindness – الحواس الخمسة
childhood
ضمائر Possessi
Pronou الفاعل ve
Adjectiv
Subject e.
ns Pronoun
s
صفات
التملك
Object
Pronoun Possessi
s ve Reflexiv
Pronoun e
s Pronoun
ضمائر
s
المفعول
به ضمائر الضمائر
التملك االتعكاسية
تستخدم للتعويض عن االسم عندما يكون:) (ضمائر الفاعلsubject pronouns
) ويكون عادة في بداية الجملةsubject( موقعه في الجملة فاعًال
My father is a doctor. He helps sick people.
The boys are in the class. They have an English lesson.
تستخدم للتعويض عن االسم عندما يكون:) (ضمائر المفعول بهobject pronouns
) وعادة يكون بعد الفعل الرئيسobject( موقعه في الجملة مفعوًال به
I will meet Ali next Friday. I will help him to do the homework.
The teacher asked the students a question. They answered it correctly.
تتبع عادة باسم:) (صفات التملك او ضمائر التملك للفاعلpossessive adjectives
الشيء المملوك فهي كالصفة تسبق االسم
I have a new story. This is my story.
We have an exercise. We should finish our exercise on time.
. ضمائر التملك للمفعول به وتكون عادة في نهاية الجملةpossessive pronouns
This is her pen. It is hers.
وتستخدم عندما يكون الفاعل هو نفسه: الضمائر االنعكاسيةreflexive pronouns
المفعول به او تستخدم للتأكيد
The girl saw herself in the mirror.
I will carry the bag myself.
They hurt themselves.
االفعال
Verb
Be
s االفعال المساعدة
Auxiliar
Do Have
y verbs
قياسية
regular
Modal
s
Mai
n
verb
s
irregul االفعال الرئيسة
ar
شاذة
لا لا ع فالا
xiliaمuسا
Aعدة Be Mo
ال dalsال
ry افع ونة
كين
ال
ع
االف صة
ناق
Verbs ال
ة :جميع االفعال المساعدة يمكن ان تكون افعال رئيسة باستثناء االفعال الناقص
D
oال Ha
ع v eال
ا ف مل
الع افع لك
لتم
ا
Past Bas
Past Present
Participle e
Be Been
Was am - is
Be
افعال Were are
Past Present subject
الكينونة was am I
He
was is She
1- we will be here in a minute . It
2- I am driving slowly . You
were are They
3- My sister is a housewife . We
4- The boys are helping each other .
اذا جاء بعد هذه االفعال فعل
5- He was a good player .
)ing( رئيس فيجب أن يضاف
6- My friends were living in London .
للفعل الرئيس او يكون في
7- She has been waiting for a long time .
حالة التصريف الثالث للفعل
8- My brother is a doctor.
في حالة المبني للمجهول
Past Bas
Past Present
Participle e
H ave had had
have Hav
افعال has e
Past Present subject
التملك He
has She
It
had I
You
have
They
1- We have read the story. We
2- His mother has cleaned the
room.
3- you have finished your اذا جاء بعد هذه االفعال فعل
work. رئيس فيجب أن يكون الفعل
4- I had written my lessons. الرئيس في حالة التصريف
5- The cat had played with the الثالث
Past Bas
Past Present
Participle e
Do done did
do
Do
افعال does
Past Present subject
العمل He
does She
It
did I
You
do
They
We
1- She does arrange her room.
2- We do finish our homework.
3- I did donate for poor people. تستخدم هذه االفعال للتأكيد
4- you did borrow some money. اذا جاء بعد هذه االفعال فعل
5- They do their business رئيس فيجب أن يكون الفعل
smartly . الرئيس مجردًا من أي إضافة
Modal Verbs
Will – would – shall – should – can –
االفعال could – may – might – must
الناقصة
1- They will leave at 10 o’clock. ال يمكن استخدام هذه االفعال
2- I can speak English fluently. كأفعال رئيسة مثل بقية
3- We may go on a picnic. بل يجب،االفعال المساعدة
4- They should study hard. ان يأتي بعدها فعل مجرد
ولذلك تسمى ناقصة
r al l Auxi l i ari es
Summary fo
Do have Be
Prese Prese Prese Subj.
Past Past Past
nt nt nt
Do Have Am I
Was He
Does Has Is She
Did Had It
We
Do Have Are Were They
You
Abbreviation of
Auxiliaries Abb. Abb.
With With Auxiliary
(not) subject
Abb. Abb.
With With Modals Am not I’m Am
(not) subject Isn’t she’s Is
Won’t They’ll Will Aren’t They’re Are
Wouldn' Wasn’t -- Was
-- Would
t Weren’t -- Were
Shan’t We’ll Shall Haven’t We’ve Have
Shouldn Hasn’t He’s Has
-- Should
’t
Hadn’t You’d Had
Can’t -- Can
Don’t -- Do
Couldn’
-- Could Doesn’t -- Does
t
Mayn’t -- May Didn’t -- did
Mightn’
-- Might
Ma i n
وهي االفعال التي يمكن تحويلها من
Regular المضارع الى الماضي والى التصريف
القياسي الثالث للفعل باضافة (.)ed
Verb ة • اذا انتهى الفعل بـ ( )eنضيف ()d
فقط
• اذا انتهى الفعل بحرف صحيح
s مسبوق بعلة واحد نضاعف الحرف
االخير ونضيف ()ed
• اذا انتهى الفعل بـ ( )yمسبوق
بحرف علة ( )a, e, i, o, uنضيف ()ed
بدون اي تغيير
Irregular • اذا انتهى الفعل بـ ( )yمسبوق بأي
الشاذة التي تحول من المضارع مسبوق العلة اي
االفعال حرف عدا حروفوهي
الى( )yالى (i
الماضي) والى التصريف الثالث بحرف صحيح نقلب
للفعل بحاالت معينة. ونضيف ()ed
• يتغير الفعل لفظًا وكتابة
• ال يتغير الفعل ال لفظًا وال كتابة
• يبقى الفعل كما هو كتابة ويتغير
لفظًا
Past Participle Past Present Base
Been was – were am - is – are Be
had had have- has Have
done did do – does Do
Regular
Irregular
القياسي
الشاذة
ة
Past Presen Past Prese
Past Past
Participle t Participle nt
Spoken Spoke Speak Played Played Play
Driven Drove Drive Cleaned Cleane Clean
Cut Cut Cut d
Closed Closed Close
Put Put Put
Stopped Stoppe Stop
Read Read Read
d
Led Led Lead
Stayed Stayed Stay
Common Irregular Verbs
Past Past Past Past
Base Base
Participle Simple Participle Simple
Sold Sold Sell Felt Felt Feel
Stood Stood Stand Met Met Meet
Found Found Find Got Got Get
Paid Paid Pay Sent Sent Send
Said Said Say Sat Sat Sit
Held Held Hold Slept Slept Sleep
Made Made Make Spent Spent Spend
Sung Sang Sing Dreamt Dreamt Dream
Drunk Drank Drink Kept Kept Keep
Led Led Lead Left Left Leave
Cut Cut Cut Lost Lost Lose
Put Put Put Lent Lent Lend
Burst Burst Burst Meant Meant Mean
Let Let Let Built Built Build
Common Irregular Verbs
Past Past Past Past
Base Base
Participle Simple Participle Simple
Broken Broke Break Come Came Come
Driven Drove Drive Become Became Become
Eaten Ate Eat Begun Began Begin
Fallen Fall Fell Gone Went Go
Given Gave Give Grown Grew Grow
Hidden Hid Hide Known Knew Know
Flown Flew Fly Run Ran Run
Forgotte Shown Showed Show
Forgot Forget
n
Brought Brought Bring
Forgiven Forgave Forgive
Thought Thought Think
Seen Saw See
Bought Bought Buy
Shaken Shook Shake
Caught Caught Catch
Spoken Spoke Speak
Fought Fought Fight
Stolen Stole steal
Sought Sought Seek
Ridden Rode Ride
الظرو
ver
فAd Mann ظرف
bs er الحال
ظرف
الزمان
ظرف
المكان
Time
Place
اذا جاءت الظروف في جملة واحدة فيكون ترتيبها حسب السهم أي
()manner + place + time
Mann
Happily – fluently – clearly – fast – hard – well – cleverly
er
Place Street – house – factory – mall – cinema – hospital – market
Time O’clock – evening – Winter – Friday – year – lunch time
الصفا
تAdjecti
ves
Clear – clever – high – small – blue – ancient – smart – beautiful - short
كيف نفرق بين الصفة
.He is a clever student
وظرف الحال
-1الصفة تصف االسم وتسبقه
.They write their words clearly -2ظرف الحال يصف الفعل ويأتي
بعده وعادة هو عبارة عن صفة
بعض مع ()ly لها مضاف
االستثناءات
أل ا
م Tensesز
ة ن
البسيط المستمر التام المستقبل
Simple Continuou Perfect Future
s
فعل واحد ي فعلين ف فعلين في
ي ف ن فعلي
في الجملة الجملة الجملة
الجملة
V. Be + V.ing Have + p.p Will + base
ال ب
Au y
سيSimple
No iar
xil
ط
Past Simple
Sub. + Main V. + Com.
V.+ed ش
Present Simple اذ
Sub. + Main V. + Com.
Base V.+s he –( عندما يكون فاعله
)she – it
ال ب
سيSimple
ط
جملة الماضي البسيط تحتوي على فعل
Past Simple
) او شاذed( أي مضاف له،واحد يكون ماضيًا
They failed the exam.
My sister helped my mother cleaning االفعال
the حسب ما مذكور في موضوع
house.
He was famous for his novels.
I did my work perfectly.
We lent him some money.
Present جملة المضارع البسيط تحتوي على فعل
Simple أي (مجردًا) او مضاف له،واحد يكون مضارعًا
Our teachers are helpful. he –( ) الشخص الثالث عندما يكون فاعلهs(
We attend a conference in the university.
The nurse takes care of the old man. ) او ما يعوض عنهم من اسماءshe – it
They feel happy because they pass the exam.
He has three brothers.
ل ا
Be
م
ت سContinuous
ر م
Past Continuous
Sub. + (be + Main V.ing) + Com.
I-He-she- was were They-we-youمع
itمع
Present Continuous
Sub. + (be + Main V.ing) + Com.
I معam
is are you-they-weمع
He-she-itمع
ل ا
م
ت سContinuous
ر م
جملة الماضي المستمر تحتوي على أحد
Past Continuous
) مع فعلwas - were( ) الماضيةbe( افعال
I was studying for the exam. )V. + ing( مستمر
The thief was planning to steal the jewels.
The boys were camping at the river.
We were having our lunch in the restaurant.
Present جملة المضارع المستمر تحتوي على أحد
Continuous ) معam – is – are( ) ) المضارعةbeافعال
I am doing my duties. )V. + ing( فعل مستمر
The police officer is keeping security.
Students are meeting each other in the school.
The players are doing well in the match.
Ha
ت ل ا
e
امPerfect
v
Past Perfect
Sub. + (have + Main V. P.P) + Com.
had
Present Perfect
Sub. + (have + Main V. P.P) + Com.
has have
He-she-itمع I-you-they-
weمع
ت ل ا
امPerfect
جملة الماضي التام تحتوي على
Past Perfect
) وهوhave( الفعل الماضي الفعال
The writer had completed his story. ) مع التصريف الثالث للفعلhad(
The staff had finished scoring the exam papers.
My mum had burnt the food. )p.p( الرئيس
My friend had bought a new car.
جملة المضارع التام تحتوي على أحد
Present Perfect
)have - has( ) ) المضارعةhaveافعال
The player has trained for a long time.
مع التصريف الثالث للفعل الرئيس
The president has awarded the winners.
I have done my homework easily. )p.p(
They have seen strange animals in the zoo.
ل ا
م
ت Futureس
ل قب
يمكن التعبير عن المستقبل بثالث طرق،
وهي كاآلتي:
استخدام ( )willمع فعل مجرد خال من أي إضافة للتعبير عن قرار اتخذ
توًا للقيام بفعل ما او للتنبأ بحدوث شيء ما في المستقبل بدون
وجود دليل على انه سيحدث
استخدام ( )going toمع فعل مجرد خال من أي إضافة للتعبير عن قرار
اتخذ مسبقًا للقيام بفعل ما او للتنبأ بحدوث شيء ما في المستقبل
مع وجود دليل على انه سيحدث
استخدام صيغة المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن احداث مجدولة كأوقات
اقالع الطائرات واوقات الدروس غيرها
ل ا
م
ت سFuture
ل قب
I will have salad and fish for lunch.
Will
We will hire a taxi because we are late.
The players will win the champion cup.
Students are going to have a camp tomorrow.
She is going to visit her aunt on Friday. Going to
It is going to rain at night.
We have geography at 10:30.
The last bus leaves this evening.
المضارع
He has a meeting two hours later.
البسيط
