‫ملخص ‪:‬‬

‫قواعد اللغة‬
‫اإلنجليزية‬
‫‪Grammar‬‬
‫‪Done by: Asma & malak‬‬
 ‫مكونات الجملة في اللغة اإلنجليزية‬:
SENTENCE IN ENGLISH:

Subject verb object

 PAST SIMPLE
‫الماضي البسيط‬
He
She ‫الكلمات‬
V.2 = played
It ‫الدالة‬
went
We
They

yesterday
ago
:Example
once
…in the past last
Ali bought a new car three days
.ago This morning in
2012
.We played tennis last Friday
 PAST CONTINUOUS
‫الماضي المستمر‬

I ‫الكلمات‬
She was +V+ing ‫الدالة‬
He
It

You
We While
were +V+ing
They When
as
Example
:
.When the bell rang , we were studying

While I was playing football , I fell

.down
 PAST PERFECT
‫الماضي التام‬
I ‫الكلمات‬
He had + V.3 ‫الدالة‬
She
It
We
They after
you before
until
as soon
:Example
as
He had booked a room before
when
he
. traveled to London

After I had written my

homework I
 PRESENT SIMPLE ‫المضارع‬
‫البسيط‬

He ‫الكلمات‬
She
V+ s ‫الدالة‬
It

I Always
You V.1 usually
We often
They Sometimes
never
:Example every…/day
./year/summer
.I always go to work at seven clock

She usually cooks nice meals

Ahmed writes his homework

.everyday
 ‫مالحظه‪:‬‬
‫• اذا كان ينتهي الفعل ب ‪sh / ch / z / x / s‬‬
‫نضيف (‪ ) es‬مثال‪watches :‬‬

‫• اذا كان ينتهي ب ‪y‬‬

‫تتحول الى (‪)es( + )i‬‬
‫مثال‪cries:‬‬

‫• اذا كان الفعل ينتهي ب ‪ y‬وقبل حرف عله (‪)a/e/i/o/u‬‬

‫مثال‪plays :‬‬ ‫نضيف (‪)s‬‬

‫تحول الى (‪ )es( + )v‬مثال‪shelves:‬‬ ‫• اذا كان ينتهي بحرف ‪f‬‬

‫• الكلمة المركبة يضاف لها (‪ )s‬مثال‪class rooms :‬‬

‫• الكلمة المركبة مثال‪ police man :‬الى ‪police men‬‬

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
‫المضارع المستمر‬
I am + V. + ing
‫الكلمات‬
He ‫الدالة‬
She is + V+ ing
It
You
We are + v + ing Now
They look
listen
at the
:Example moment
at the
.I am studying English now present time

.They are watching at the moment

Look ! the boy is playing with the

knife
 PRESENT PERFECT
‫المضارع التام‬

‫الكلمات‬
He
has + V.3 ‫الدالة‬
She
It
I
You have + V.3 Already
We just
They yet
recently
:Example Never
ever
I haven't finished my homework
.yet

They have just gone to the market

.
Ali has not come yet
 PRESENT PERFECT CONT.
‫المضارع التام المستمر‬
He has been +V+ ing
She ‫الكلمات‬
It ‫الدالة‬

I
Have
You
been+V+ing
We for
They
since

:Example

have been working here since

.2002

He has been living in Kuwait for

ten
 FUTURE SIMPLE
‫المستقبل البسيط‬

I ‫الكلمات‬
He ‫الدالة‬
will + V.1
She
It
We
They tomorrow
you Soon
shortly
in the future
:Example in 2022
this evening
next
.I will travel to London next year

We will go to the club tomorrow

 FUTURE PERFECT
‫المستقبل التام‬
I ‫الكلمات‬
He ‫الدالة‬
will have + V.3
She
It
We
They …by this
you by the
end of

:Example

By the end of this month we will

have
.finished all the exams
 FUTURE CONTINUES

S + will + be + v1 + ‫الكلمات‬
‫الدالة‬
ing
:Example
This time tomorrow
This time next week
his time next week ,I will be leaving to Paris At 10 next Tuesday
In to weeks
omorrow at 10 , l will be doing your exam In 5 years
In to week weeks time
In 5 years time
when
 IF ‫قاعدة‬

present simple‫مع المضارع البسيط تأخذ‬

If you study hard , you will pass the exam
will + V1 .
If she studies hard , she will pass the exam

past simple ‫مع الماضي البسيط تأخذ‬

would+ .
If you studied hard , you would pass
.the exam V1
past perfect‫مع الماضي التام تأخذ‬

If you had studied hard , you would have Would .

. passed the exam
The driver would have avoided the accident have+ V.3
if he had been more careful
 NEGATION ‫النفي‬
‫ استخدام النفي في االفعال‬
not:‫المساعدة‬
)s(‫ فعل مضارع آخره حرف‬
Am am not
is Isn’t
are ‫تستخدم قبل‬ ‫حذف من‬
Aren't
Was doesn‘t ‫الفعل‬ )s(‫الفعل‬
Wasn't
Were Weren't )S(‫ مع فعل مضارع ليس آخره‬
Has Hasn’t
Have Haven't ‫قبل الفعل وال نحذف شيء‬
Had Hadn’t ‫)نستخدم‬don’t(
could Couldn’t ‫ مع فعل ماضي نستخدم‬
would Wouldn’t
Shall Shall not
should ‫قبل الفعل و نعيد الفعل‬
Shouldn't
must didn't ‫للمصدر‬
Mustn’t
may Mayn’t always – usually – sometimes ‫ مع الكلمات‬
‫ونستخدم‬
might Mightn't
never ‫نحذف الكلمة نفسها ونضع‬
)s( ‫بدال منها وال نحذف‬
 ‫‪QUESTION‬‬ ‫‪How‬‬
‫السؤال‬ ‫‪much‬‬
‫‪Where‬‬ ‫كم‬
‫أين‬ ‫السعر‪/‬الكميه‬
‫للمكان‬
‫‪How‬‬
‫‪When‬‬ ‫‪many‬‬
‫للزمان‬ ‫كم العدد‬
‫متى‬
‫‪Do – Does – Did‬‬
‫‪How long‬‬
‫‪What‬‬ ‫كم المدة‬
‫ماذا‬ ‫لألشياء‬

‫‪yes‬‬ ‫‪How often‬‬

‫‪Why‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬
‫لألسباب‬ ‫كم مره‬
‫لماذا‬
‫‪How far‬‬
‫‪Who‬‬ ‫كم البعد‬
‫من‬ ‫لألشخاص‬
‫‪How old‬‬
‫‪Which‬‬ ‫لغير العاقل‬ ‫كم العمر‬
‫اي‬
‫ا‪how‬‬
‫‪Whose‬‬ ‫للملكية‬ ‫كيف‬
‫لمن‬
 COMPARISON ‫المقارنة‬

2 ‫للمقارنة بين‬ 2 ‫للمقارنة بين أكثر من‬

er ‫إضافة‬ est ‫إضافة‬
• faster than • the fastest
• bigger than • the biggest
• heavier than • the heaviest

:‫للصفات ذات المقطعين أو أكثر‬

‫ استخدم‬more than ‫ استخدم‬the most

more modern than the most modern

more important than the most important

 PASSIVE VOICE
‫المبني‬
‫للمجهول‬

‫للمضارع البسيط‬
:‫نضع‬
Present simple to - shall - should -
be ‫بعد‬ must -may- might -
Is will - would - can -
‫للمفرد‬ :‫نضع‬ could

Are been ‫بعد‬ have – has – had

‫للجمع‬
:‫نضع‬
‫للماضي البسيط‬ were - was – are
Past simple being ‫بعد‬ - is - am
Was :Example
‫للمفرد‬ .I write my homework everyday)1
.My homework is written everyday
Were
.Students should respect teachers)2
‫للجمع‬
Teachers should be respected
 ‫‪ PREPOSITIONS‬حروف الجر‬
‫حرف الجر‬ ‫حرف الجر‬
‫على ‪On‬‬ ‫بالقرب من ‪Near‬‬ ‫حرف الجر‬
‫في ‪In‬‬ ‫مقابل‪Opposite‬‬ ‫على طول ‪Along‬‬
‫عند ‪/‬بالقرب ‪At‬‬ ‫داخل‪/‬في‪into‬‬
‫‪At the side of‬‬
‫الى‪To‬‬ ‫على‪Onto‬‬ ‫بجانب‬
‫أمام ‪In front of‬‬ ‫من على‪Off‬‬ ‫‪On top of‬‬
‫بين ‪Between‬‬ ‫فوق ‪/‬على‬
‫من فوق‪Out of‬‬
‫ب ‪With‬‬ ‫حول ‪Round‬‬
‫عبر ‪ /‬خالل‪Across‬‬
‫من ‪From‬‬ ‫‪over/above‬‬
‫خلف ‪Behind‬‬ ‫فوق‪/‬أعلى‬
‫‪/‬وراء‬
‫عبر‪ /‬خالل ‪Through‬‬
‫‪Under/below‬‬ ‫وسط‪Among‬‬
‫اسفل ‪/‬تحت‬
‫بجوار‪Next to‬‬