Year Three

‫الصف الثالث اإلعدادي‬

Prepared by
Mr Sayed Abu Ouf
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The Present Simple Tense

I I I
You like You you
We go We we
They They they
‫اسم جمع‬ fly ‫اسم جمع‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫اسم جمع‬ ‫مصدر‬
He likes He he
She She she
goes
It It it
‫اسم مفرد‬ flies ‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬

I live in Giza. I don’t live in Cairo. Do you live in Giza?

He lives in Giza. He doesn’t live in Cairo. Does he live in Giza?

always ‫دائما‬
usually / normally ‫عادة‬ I usually play tennis. Ali plays tennis.
often ‫غالبا‬ Tennis is played by
sometimes ‫أحٌانا‬ The sun sets in the Ali.
occasionally ‫من حٌن آلخر‬ west.
generally ‫عموما‬ Ali doesn’t play
frequently ‫غالبا‬ He works in a bank. tennis.
regularly ‫بانتظام‬ Tennis isn’t played.
hardly ever ‫بالكاد‬ I play tennis twice a
rarely / seldom ‫نادرا‬ week. Does Ali play tennis?
never ‫أبدا‬ Is tennis played?
today ‫الٌوم‬ My plane leaves at
every week / month… 10 o’clock. Where does Ahmed
daily / weekly / yearly play tennis?
once / twice / three times If you study hard, Where is tennis
on Saturday morning you’ll succeed. played?

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1. Healways comes early. = He is always early.

2. We are always helpful. = We always help each other.

3. A: Do you help your mother with the housework?

B: Yes, I usually do.

1. Every day, he logs on the internet.

2. Usually, I complete my reports at home.

1. I rarely go to bed late. (NOT: I rarely don’t go …)

1. Nora never comes late. ( = Nora doesn’t come late.)

after when whenever till / until

as soon as before the moment if / whether
once by the time while unless
1. When everyone arrives, the meeting will start.
2. I’ll go to bed as soon as the film ends.
3. I won’t go out until I finish my work.
4. I’m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.
5. I’m learning Greek when I go to Greece.

someone ‫شخص يا‬ everyone ‫كم شخص‬ no one ‫أحـد‬

َ ‫ال‬ anyone ‫أحـد‬
َ ‫أي‬
somebody ‫شخص يا‬ everybody‫كم شخص‬ nobody ‫أحـد‬ َ ‫ال‬ anybody ‫أحـد‬
َ ‫أي‬
somewhere ‫يكاٌ يا‬ everywhere ٌ‫كم يكا‬ nowhere ٌ‫وال يكا‬ anywhere ٌ‫أي يكا‬
something ‫شيء يا‬ everything ‫كم شيء‬ nothing ‫ال شيء‬ anything ‫أي شيء‬

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1. Everyone preparing bags. are ready.
2. Everybody where I live.
3. I hope someone going to fix the television soon.
4. anybody care for a cheese sandwich?
5. No one people who are rude.
6. Nobody in my class interested in football.
7. There nothing interesting on TV tonight.

I am -’m am not Am I
He he
She is she
’s isn’t Is
It ‫اسم‬ it ‫اسم‬
‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫صفة‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫صفة‬
You ‫حرف جر‬+‫مكان‬ you ‫حرف جر‬+‫مكان‬
We are we
’re aren’t Are
They they
‫اسم جمع‬ ‫اسم جمع‬

1. I am a teacher. 3. Are they at school?

2. Tom isn’t Egyptian. 4. Where are you from?

I I
You You
We have don’t Do We
’ve
They They
‫اسم جمع‬
have ‫اسم‬ ‫ اسم جمع‬have + ‫اسم‬
He He
She has She
doesn’t Does
It ’s It
‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬

We have five senses. Does Ali have lunch at home?

She doesn’t have a car. When do you have science?

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Passive ‫المبنً للمجهول‬

:‫من‬ ‫ تتكون الجملة فى‬
subject ‫فاعل‬ verb ‫فعل‬ object ‫مفعول‬ )‫(تكملة الجملة‬
   
.‫ فإننا َن ْذ ُكر ما ٌقوم به الفاعل‬, ‫ عندما نستخدم صٌغة المبنً للمعلوم‬
:‫من‬ ‫ تتكون الجملة فى‬
object )‫(مفعول‬ V. to be ‫فى زمن الجملة‬ P.P by + subject)‫(فاعل‬
   
ْ
.‫ فإننا َنذ ُكر ما ٌحدُث للفاعل‬, ‫ عندما نستخدم صٌغة المبنً للمجهول‬

.‫ حول المفعول (اسم أو ضمٌر) الى فاعل‬: ‫ابدأ الجملة بالمفعول‬ )1

.‫ فى نفس زمن فعل الجملة‬to be ‫استخدم فعل‬ )2
.‫استخدم التصرٌف الثالث للفعل األساسى فى الجملة‬ )3
)‫ (اذا أردنا ذكر الفاعل فى الجملة‬by ‫استخدم الفاعل محل المفعول مسبوقا بـ‬ )4

1. Peoplecall warm, wet areas a rainforest.

Warm, wet areas are called a rainforest.
2. Weknow these areas as polar habitats.
These areas are known as polar habitats.
3. More than 14 million tourists visit Egypt every year.
Egypt is visited by more than 14 million tourists every year.
4. Locals call the lake The Shooting Star.
The lake is called The Shooting Star by locals.
5. Grasslands surround the national park.
The national park is surrounded by grasslands.
6. Fishermen catch thousands of fish from the Mediterranean Sea daily.
Thousands of fish are caught from the Mediterranean Sea daily.
7. We don’t cut down trees.
Trees aren’t cut down.
8. Many students don’t play squash.
Squash isn’t played by many students.
9. Why do more tourists visit Egypt?
Why is Egypt visited by more tourists?

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The Past Simple Tense

I I I
You You you
We We we
They They they
He He he
She She she
It It it

I lived in Cairo. I didn’t live in Giza. Did you live in Cairo?

They arrived early. They didn’t arrive late. Did they arrive late?
He studied English. He didn’t study maths. Did he study English?

in (1983) ً‫ف‬
yesterday ‫باألمس‬ I bought my car in Ali played tennis.
(2 days) ago ‫منذ‬ 2015. Tennis was played
last (week) ً‫الماض‬ by Ali.
once ‫ذات مرة‬ Dina lived in Giza for
one day ‫ذات ٌوم‬ 15 years. Ali didn’t play
in the past ً‫فً الماض‬ tennis.
How long ago ‫منذ متى‬ He travelled a lot Tennis wasn’t played
that (day) ‫ذلك الٌوم‬ when he was young. by Ali.
the other day ‫أول أمس‬
the last time ‫آخر مرة‬ I wrote the message. Did Ali play tennis?
once upon a time ‫ذات مرة‬ Then, I sent it. Was tennis played?
in ancient times ‫قدٌما‬
formerly ‫فٌما سبق‬ Once upon a time Where did Ahmed
previously ‫فٌما سبق‬ there was a king … play tennis?
in the middle ages
‫فً العصور الوسطى‬ If he studied hard, he Where was tennis
from (2000) to (2010) would succeed. played?

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1. I travelled abroad was in 2000.

2. I visited Aswan was two years ago.
3. Sami went to the cinema in 2008.
4. I saw him two weeks ago.
5. I played football when I was at the club.

1. When Adel was younger, he often went fishing with his father.
2. I was really excited and I practiced every day for a month.

I I
He he
She was wasn’t Was she
It ‫اسم‬ it ‫اسم‬
‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫صفة‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫صفة‬
You ‫حرف جر‬+‫مكان‬ you ‫حرف جر‬+‫مكان‬
We we
were weren’t Were
They they

I I
You you
We we
They had didn’t have ‫اسم‬ Did they have + ‫اسم‬
He he
She she
It it

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1. I’d rather you attended my party.

2. Tomorrow’s difficult. I’d rather you came next weekend.

1. My wife would rather we didn’t see each other any more.

2. Would you like him to paint it? No I’d rather he didn’t paint it.

1. It’s getting late. It’s time we went home.

2. It’s time father arrived.

1. The high heat caused the forest fires last month.

The forest fires were caused by the high heat last month.
2. The postman delivered the letter this morning.
The letter was delivered by the postman this morning.
3. France won the football World Cup in 2018.
The football World Cup was won by France in 2018.
4. Clever school boys planted these trees last summer.
These trees were planted by clever school boys last summer.
5. A volcano formed that lake hundreds of years ago.
That lake was formed hundreds of years ago by a volcano.
6. My brother didn’t take this photo.
This photo wasn’t taken by my brother.
7. Who broke the glass of this window?
Who was the glass of this window broken by?

8. Alist of the new Seven Wonders was made in 2007.

9. When was the Great Wall of China built?

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1. Many new cars are made by robots in factories.

2. Our beaches are visited by thousands of tourists each year.

3. Hundreds of fossils of ancient whales were found in 1902.

4. My grandfather's house was built in around 1850.

1. The cakes were made with eggs, flour and milk.

2. This photo was taken with an expensive camera.
3. This jacket is made of wool.
4. Yoghurt is made from milk.

‫ فعل ُمتعد‬+ ‫ مفعول غٌر عاقل‬to + ‫مفعول عاقل‬ ‫ فعل ُمتعد‬+ ‫ مفعول غٌر عاقل‬for + ‫مفعول عاقل‬
pay pass sell deliver buy get make build
show lend bring offer find leave save cook
send read give promise keep book order pour
write hand tell post call cut bake
1. Hegave me a nice camera.
- I was given a nice camera. (‫(الحظ تحوٌل ضمٌر المفعول الى ضمٌر فاعل‬
2. He
gave a nice camera to me.
- A nice camera was given to me.

3. I
bought my teacher some flowers.
- My teacher was bought some flowers.
4. I
bought some flowers for my teacher.
- Some flowers were bought for my teacher.

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will 1) probability

‫فـــــــــــــــــــــــاعــل‬
may, can 2) possibility, permission
might 3) possibility
can 4) suggestion

If have to/must
should,
inf.
5) necessity / advice

6) advice
had better
could / can ‫فـــاعـل‬ 7) request
inf. / don’t + inf. 8) instructions or commands

( may – can – might – must – have to – should – ought to – had better

– could – be going to – would rather – would like / prefer to )

1) If she works hard, she will pass the test. )‫ إمكانٌة‬/ ‫(إحتمال‬
2) If you finish your homework, you may / can go out. )‫ إذن‬/ ‫(إمكانٌة‬
3) If we aren’t busy, we might come with you. )‫ إحتمال‬/ ‫(إمكانٌة‬
= If we aren’t busy, we will perhaps come with you. (= …, perhaps we’ll come…)
= If we aren’t busy, we will probably come with you.
4) We can go for a walk if you like. )‫(إقتراح‬
- If you want to stay indoors, let’s play chess.
- Shall we go swimming if the weather is good tomorrow?
5) If I am ill, I must take my medicine regularly. )‫(ضرورة‬
6) If you aren’t well, you (must/should/had better) see a doctor. )‫(نصٌحة‬
7) If you’re going into town, could you buy me a newspaper? )‫(طلب‬
8) If you are going out, take your key. ) ‫ تعلٌمات‬/‫(أمـر‬
- If Samy visits you, don’t tell him about our meeting.

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9) If you get high marks, I will give you a reward.

10) If we have fine weather tomorrow, I’m going to paint the windows.
11) If you aren’t careful, you will hurt yourself.
12) If you don’t leave immediately, I’ll call the police.
13) If I win the prize, I’ll share it with you.

1) If you are looking for Tom, you’ll find him upstairs. (present action)
2) If you are staying for another night, I’ll ask the manager to give
you a better room. (future arrangement)
3) If you have finished dinner, I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. (offer)

1) Will Dina speak good English if her parents move to Canada?

2) What will happen if he has a lot of money?
3) What will you do if you don’t pass your exams this year?
4) How will Tarek feel if he goes to bed very late tonight?

: ً‫ الى إثبات كالتال‬If ‫ المنفٌة وتحوٌل النفى بعد‬If ‫ محل‬Unless ‫ نستخدم‬-

1) If you don’t leave now, you won’t arrive in time. (Unless)
Unless you leave now, you won’t arrive in time.
2) If he doesn’t have enough money, he won’t buy a car. (Unless)
Unless he has enough money, he won’t buy a car.
: ً‫ المثبتة وتحوٌل جواب الشرط من إثبات إلى نفى أو العكس كالتال‬If ‫ محل‬Unless ‫ نستخدم‬-
3) If you study hard, you will succeed. (Unless)
Unless you study hard, you won’t succeed. ( = … , you will fail.)

- When Ali calls, I’ll tell him the truth. (He will definitely call.)

will / can / may / might ‫مصدر‬ ‫إذا كان جواب الشرط‬ ‫ إستخدم مضارع بسٌط‬-1
‫مضارع بسٌط‬ ‫( إذا كان فعل الشرط‬will / can ‫ إستخدم (مصدر‬-2

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advise ‫ٌنصح‬ expect ‫ٌتوقع‬ learn ‫ٌتعلم‬ seem ‫ٌبدو‬

agree ‫ٌوافق‬ fail ‫ٌرسب‬ manage ‫ٌتمكن‬ train ‫ٌتدرب‬
aim ‫ٌهدف‬ force ‫ٌُ ِجبر‬ need ‫ٌحتاج‬ used ‫إعتاد أن‬
allow ‫ٌسمح‬ happen ‫ٌحدث‬ offer ‫ٌعرض‬ volunteer ‫ٌتطوع‬
appear ‫ٌبدو‬ hate ‫ٌكره‬ ought )‫ٌجب (نصٌحة‬ want ‫ٌرٌد‬
arrange ‫ٌرتب‬ have )ً‫ٌجب (الزام خارج‬ plan ‫ٌخطط‬ wish ‫ ٌأمل‬/ ‫ٌتمنى‬
ask ‫ٌسأل‬ help ‫ٌساعد‬ prepare ‫ٌُجهز‬ would hate ‫ٌكره‬
choose ‫ٌختار‬ hope ‫ٌأمل‬ promise ‫ٌَعِد‬ would like ‫ٌود أن‬
come ً‫ٌأت‬ intend ‫ٌنوي‬ refuse ‫ٌرفض‬ would love ‫ٌحب‬
decide ‫ٌقرر‬ invite ‫ٌدعو‬ remind ‫ٌُذكر‬ would prefer ‫ٌفضل‬

1. We need to use cleaner renewable energy.

2. The government plans to plant a lot of trees along the sides of
streets.
3. You can choose to recycle your plastic bottles.

avoid ‫ ٌتجنب‬escape ‫ ٌهرب‬include ‫ ٌشمل‬recommend ‫ٌوصً بـ‬

carry on ‫ ٌستمر‬finish ً‫ ٌنه‬keep (on) ‫ ٌستمر‬report ‫ٌخبر‬/‫ٌبلغ‬
deny ‫ ٌنكر‬forgive ‫ ٌسامح‬mention ‫ ٌذ ُكر‬risk ‫ٌخاطر‬
discuss ‫ ٌناقش‬give up ‫ ٌتوقف عن‬mind ‫ ٌمانع‬save ‫ٌوفر‬
dislike ‫ ٌكره‬go (for activities) ‫ ٌذهب‬miss ‫ ٌتجنب‬/‫ ٌفتقد‬suggest ‫ٌقترح‬
enjoy ‫ ٌستمتع‬imagine ‫ ٌتخٌل‬practice ‫ ٌمارس‬understand ‫ٌفهم‬

1. We must avoid polluting the environment.

2. If we keep burning fossil fuels, climate change will get worse.
3. Do you enjoy playing the piano?

adapt to ‫ ٌتأقلم مع‬in addition to ‫ باإلضافة الى‬prefer … to … ... ‫على‬... ‫ٌفضل‬

lead to ‫ ٌؤدي الى‬look forward to ‫ ٌتطلع الى‬be / get used to ‫معتاد على‬
object to ‫ ٌعترض على‬owing to ‫ بسبب‬become used to ‫معتاد على‬

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1. She objects to working on Saturdays.
2. I prefer reading to swimming.
3. I am looking forward to going to the museum tomorrow.

as well as ‫ باإلضافة الى‬be fond of ‫مغرم بـ‬ feel like ‫ ٌرٌد‬/ً‫ٌرغب ف‬

be afraid of ‫ خائف‬be good at ً‫جٌد ف‬ have difficulty (in) ً‫لدٌه صعوبة ف‬

be bad at ً‫ سًء ف‬be interested in ‫مهتم بـ‬ have trouble ‫لدٌه مشكلة‬
be bored with ‫ شاعر بالملل‬be keen on ‫متحمس لـ‬ How about )‫ما رأٌك (إقتراح‬
be busy ‫ مشغول‬be sorry for ‫ٌأسف على‬ What about )‫ما رأٌك (إقتراح‬
be crazy about ‫ مجنون‬be tired of ‫ُمتعب‬
1. As well as going to the cinema, he likes reading stories.
2. Mr Sayed is interested in knowing more about teaching English.
3. I don’t feel like going out tonight.

begin ‫ ٌبدأ‬start ‫ ٌبدأ‬continue ‫ ٌستمر‬intend ‫ٌنوي‬

1. He began to write / writing when he was a child.

2. Ali intends buying / to buy a house.
3. We continued discussing / to discuss the plans.
V.ing ‫ فقط ولٌس‬to + inf. ‫إذا جاءت األفعال السابقة فً زمن مستمر ٌأتً بعدها‬
4. It’s starting to rain. (NOT: It’s starting raining…)

like ‫ ٌُحب‬love ‫ ٌُحب‬prefer ‫ ٌُفضِ ل‬hate ‫ٌكره‬

1. I love reading my friend’s social media posts.

2. Ali likes living in Cairo.
3. I like to pay my bills on time.
4. The gardener doesn’t like to talk because he has to work hard.

1. I listened to Ali singing a song. (I listened to part of the song.)

2. I listened to Ali sing a song. (I listened to the whole song.)

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NOTE : can / could + see / hear + ‫ مفعول‬V.ing
3. We could see smoke coming out of the building.
NOT: (We could see smoke come …)

1. He remembered to see the man. ‫ٌتذكر أن ٌفعل‬

(= He remembered and then saw the man.)
2. He remembered seeing the man. ‫ٌتذكر أنه فعل‬
(= He saw the man and later remembered.)

3. He forgot to lock the door. (= He didn’t lock it.) ‫ٌنسى أن ٌفعل‬

4. He forgot locking the door. ‫ٌنسى أنه فعل‬
(= He locked it but couldn’t remember.)

5. I regret to inform you that you have failed. ‫ٌشعر باألسف ألنه مضطر لعمل شًء‬
(= I’m sorry that I have to inform you that you have failed.)
6. He regretted selling his house. ‫ٌندم على عمل شًء‬
(= He was sorry that he had to sell it. )
(= He sold his house and now he is sorry about it.)

7. He stopped to listen to music. ‫ٌتوقف لكً ٌفعل شًء آخـر‬

(= He stopped what he was doing to listen to music.)
8. He stopped listening to music. )‫ٌتوقف عن فعل شًء (بشكل دائم أو مؤقت‬
(= He didn’t listen to music any more.)

9. Try to open the door. (= See if you can open the door.) ‫ٌحاول‬
10. Try opening the door. (= What happens if you open the door?) ‫ٌجرب‬

11. After checking the homework, the teacher went on to explain the
lesson. ً‫ الشًء التال‬/‫ٌفعل شىء آخـر‬
12. We need to change. We can’t go on living like this.
‫ٌستمر فى عمل نفس الشىء‬

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1. Can you help me (to) move the table?

1. Everyone helped (to) clean up after the party.

1. The official made me fill in a form.

2. The headmaster let the pupils go home early.

negative meaning
positive meaning
positive meaning

1. This shirt is too large (for me) to wear it.

2. They are rich enough to have three cars.
3. I can’t walk fast enough to catch the train.
4. He has got enough money to buy a car.

1. I’ll
make you something to eat.
2. He doesn’t have anywhere to stay.
3. He has nowhere to stay.

- ask - choose - decide - discuss - explain how , what

- find out - forget - know - learn - remember which, who to+inf.
- show - teach - think - wonder - understand where

1. He got lost. He didn’t know where to go.

2. The map shows how to travel by metro.
3. I don’t know )how( to use this mobile.
4. My father taught me (how) to play the trumpet.

1. The carpet needs cleaning. (= needs to be cleaned.)

2. The car wants servicing. (= needs to be serviced.)

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1. You had better study hard. ( had better + inf. )

2. I’d rather study than watch TV. ( would rather + inf… than + inf…)
3. I prefer French to English. ( prefer + n. / V.ing to n. / V.ing )
4. I (would) prefer to start exercising rather than go on a diet.
( would prefer to + inf… + rather than + inf…)
5. I suggest / recommend that we (should) go for a swim.
( suggest / recommend that ‫ فاعم آخـر‬+ inf. OR should + inf. )
6. It was easy for me to do the job. ( It is / was + adj. for object + to inf. )
7. Ali was the first student to reach school.
( ‫ فاعم‬be the first / second / next / last / best + (n.) + to inf. )

1. Baby fish and sea animals live in seagrass because it is a safe

place.
2. One of the reasons we are having more floods is because a lot of
the world’s ice is melting.
3. Jewellery made from glass is very popular. That is because it looks
good and is not expensive.
4. Trees are very good for the environment. That is why we shouldn't
cut them down.
5. Seagrass absorbs carbon dioxide 35 times faster than rainforests.
That is why seagrass can help stop climate change.
6. Plastic is bad for the environment. However, it is easy to recycle.
7. Deserts can be very dangerous habitats. Nevertheless, hundreds of
tourists like to visit them every year.
8. I know he’s telling the truth. Nonetheless, I don’t trust him.

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‫عادات الماضي‬

1. We used to waste water, but now we try to save water.

2. Mum used to get plastic bags at the market, but now she doesn’t.
3. We used to be good friends, but we aren’t any more.
4. There used to be big trees in our garden.
5. We used to get all our shopping in plastic bags.
= We no longer get our shopping in plastic bags.
= We don’t get our shopping in plastic bags any longer / any more.

6. Ididn’t use to have an electric toothbrush, but now I’ve got one.
7. We didn’t use to get energy-saving light bulbs, but we do now.
8. Dad didn’t use to turn off his computer at night, but he does now.
9. Ahmed didn’t use to like cheese, but he loves it now!
10. There didn’t use to be a limit on the number of divers.

11. Didyou use to use reusable shopping bags?

12. What games did you use to play when you were young?
13. Which primary school did you use to go to?

14. Alot of trees used to be planted near to the sea.

15. Emails didn’t use to be sent by my grandparents.

1. When Adel was younger, he often went fishing with his father.
2. They went to the club every day during the last holiday.

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‫ عند اإلشارة الى حدث وقع فى وقت أو مناسبة محددة وإن لم ٌتم ذكرها‬-‫أ‬
1. I drove to work yesterday.
2. I wrote the stories very quickly.
3. Egypt’s football team won the Africa Cup of Nations in 2010.
‫ عند اإلشارة الى عدد مرات وقوع الحدث‬-‫ب‬
4. I went to the cinema four times last month.

1. She isn’t used to living in the country.

2. I don’t mind walking. I’m used to it.
3. They are used to the cold.
4. I was used to getting all my meals cooked for me.
5. She wasn’t used to living in the country.

1. Pens are used for writing.

2. The keyboard is used for typing words.
3. The keyboard is used to type words.

1. He bought a used car.

2. The car looked used.
3. Which of the inventions do you think will become the most used?

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( a present meaning)

‫جًهة انشرط‬ ‫جًهة جىاب انشرط‬ ‫اإلستخداو‬

1) an imaginary future action

‫فــــــــــــاعــل‬
would 2) an unreal present action

If might
inf. 3) advice
4) possible future actions
could 5) ability – permission

-: ‫ تُستخدم الحالة الثاهية للتعبير عن‬

1) If I won a lot of money, I would travel round the world.

( unlikely to happen in the future )
2) If you walked all the way, it would take about three hours.

3) If Hamdi was taller, he would be a very good basketball player.

( Hamdi is not tall and isn’t a very good basketball player. )
4) If I had more time, I would read more books.
( But I don’t have more time, so I don’t read more books. )
5) If
we didn’t have factories, we wouldn’t have so many things to buy.
6) More people would use that shop if it was open for longer.

7) If I were you, I would / should buy a new car with that money.
= You should buy a new car with that money.
8) If I were you, I wouldn’t / shouldn’t argue with my parents.
= I advise you not to argue with your parents.
If I was you ‫ و ٌُمكن إستخدام‬, ‫ مع جمٌع الضمائر‬was ‫ بدال من‬were ‫الحظ إستخدام‬

1) Would you take a lot of photos if you had a camera?

2) What would happen if the volcano erupted?
3) What would you do if you got a job in a different city?
4) If you started to learn a new language, which one would you
choose?

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1) If my car was working, I would / could drive you to the station.

: ً‫ الى إثبات كالتال‬If ‫ المنفٌة وتحوٌل النفى بعد‬If ‫ محل‬Unless ‫ نستخدم‬-

1) If they didn’t play well, they wouldn’t win the match. (Unless)
Unless they played well, they wouldn’t win the match.

: ً‫ المثبتة وتحوٌل جواب الشرط من إثبات إلى نفى أو العكس كالتال‬If ‫ محل‬Unless ‫ نستخدم‬-
2) If he worked hard, he would succeed. (Unless)
Unless he worked hard, he wouldn’t succeed. ( = .., he would fail.)

1) If you tried again, you would succeed. (certain result)

2) If you went to bed for an hour, you might feel better.(possible result)
( = ……… , perhaps you would feel better.)
( = ……… , you would perhaps feel better.)
( = ……… , you would possibly feel better.)
3) We could get to the coast quicker if we had better roads.
( = We would perhaps get to the coast …… )
4) If I knew his number, I could ring him up. (ability)
( = ……… , I would be able to ring him.)
5) He could borrow my car if he asked.
( = He would be allowed to borrow…)

would ‫مصدر‬ ‫ماضً بسٌط‬

would have to ‫مصدر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫إذا كان جواب الشرط‬ had to‫ إستخدم أو مصدر‬-1
would have + ‫اسم‬ ‫أو‬ had + ‫أو اسم‬
‫ماضً بسٌط‬ would ‫مصدر‬
had to ‫مصدر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ إذا كان فعل الشرط‬would have to ‫ إستخدم أو مصدر‬-2
had + ‫اسم‬ ‫أو‬ would have + ‫أو اسم‬
‫( مع‬s) ‫( ُتعتبر ماضً بسٌط إذا لم ٌُضاف لها‬cut – put – hit – shut – read) ‫ األفعال‬-3
) ‫ الثانٌة‬If ‫ أو اإلسم المفرد ؛ ( = حالة‬he – she – it

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The Present Perfect Simple

I I I
You You You
have
We We haven’t Have We
They ’ve They They
‫اسم جمع‬ P.P ‫اسم جمع‬ P.P ‫ اسم جمع‬P.P
He He he
She has She she
hasn’t Has
It ’s It it
‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬
I’ve washed my car. I haven’t talked to Ali. Have you called Ali?
Ali has gone out. Ali hasn’t met me. Has Ali met an actor?

ever ‫من قبل‬

never ‫أبدا‬ He has played tennis.
just ‫توا‬ Tennis has been
already ‫بالفعل‬ played.
since ‫منذ‬
for ‫لمدة‬ He has not played
yet ‫حتى اآلن‬ tennis.
so far ‫حتى اآلن‬ Tennis hasn’t been
until now ‫حتى اآلن‬ played.
up till now ‫حتى اآلن‬
up to now ‫حتى اآلن‬ Has he played tennis?
today ‫الٌوم‬ Has tennis been
this week… ‫هذا األسبوع‬ played?
recently ‫حدٌثا‬
lately ‫مؤخرا‬ Where have they
before ‫من قبل‬ played tennis?
how long ‫كم طول المدة‬ Where has tennis
still )ً‫مازال (فً النف‬ been played?

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‫ُيستخدم المضارع التام البسيط‬

1. I’ve lived in Qena since 2001.

2. I’ve lived there since I was a child.
3. We have lived here for ten years.

1. The dog has spilt the milk. (The floor is dirty.)

2. I’ve lost my key. I can’t open the door. (The key is still lost now.)
3. The garden is dirty because people have left litter everywhere.

1. Our cat has caught lots of mice. (We don’t know when.)
2. He has travelled to London.

1. She has never played tennis.

2. I’ve already travelled to London, but I haven’t visited Paris yet.

1. Have you enjoyed today’s lesson? Yes, I’ve had a great time.
2. Have you ever been to Aswan? No, I’ve never been there.
3. My parents have done many exciting things in their lives.
4. My grandmother has never visited another country.
5. It’s the first time I have ever spent the summer holiday abroad.
6. Laila has enjoyed reading (ever) since she was very young.

1. AfterAli reaches / has reached London, he will send us an email.

2. I won’t call you until I know / have known the latest news.

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1. Have you ever read any books by English writers?

2. This is the most expensive suit I’ve ever bought.
3. This is the easiest job I have ever had.

4. This is the first time that I have (ever) done voluntary work.
= This is the first time for me to do voluntary work.

1. I have never heard that singer.

2. I have never known a boy as clever as Ali.
3. My brother has never driven a car before.

1. He has just gone out.

= He went out a short time ago / a moment ago.

1. She has just (now) left the building.

= She left the building a short time ago / a moment ago.
= She left the building just now.
2. Hello, have you just arrived?

1. I’vealready seen that movie, so I don’t want to see it again.

2. Leila has finished her homework already. She is amazing.
3. Have you already seen this film?
4. Surely he hasn’t finished his tea already! It was really hot.

1. He’s lived in London since 2011. (since + a point in time)

= He began living / to live in London ten years ago.

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2. I haven’t lived in Alexandria since 2014.
= I (last) lived there ( in 2014 / seven years ago.)
= The last time I lived there was ( in 2014 / seven years ago.)

3. He hasn’t called since he left school. (since + ‫) جملة ماضً بسٌط مثبت‬
= He last called when he left school.
Has he written since he left home?

4. I have changed my mind since then. (adv.)

1. I have played football for three years.

= I started playing / to play football three years ago.
2. I haven’t seen him for three years.
= I (last) saw him three years ago.
= The last time I saw him was three years ago.

3. We have been here (for) an hour. (We are still here.)

4. We have waited all day. (= We are still waiting.)

5. He has lived here all his life. (= He still lives here.)
6. He has lived here for all of his life. (Workbook, page 96)

yesterday - 1995 - Monday - January - a minute - an hour - half an hour - 3

winter – lunchtime - dinner - sunset - days - 3 nights - a week - several weeks
that time - then - 7 o'clock - last week / - 2 months - a year - 2 decades - a
night - the last meeting / visit / match - century - ages - a while - the last week /
this morning - the age of … - 19th month - the last 30 minutes - the past
century - his childhood - He was a hour – long – a long time - a short time
child. - his birth - his retirement - his – more than … – over a year – ever –
departure – the beginning of this year as long as I can remember ……
– school days – high school ……… s ‫ أو يا اَتهً بـ‬a, an, the ‫تأتي يع كم يا بدأ بـ‬

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1. Tarek is still waiting for the bus because it hasn’t arrived yet.
2. Mum hasn’t finished cooking lunch yet. (= She is still cooking lunch.)
3. Have you created any other apps yet? – No, I haven’t yet.
4. Have you got a job at a big technology company yet? – No, not yet!

1. I have been an English teacher for ten years.

2. He had an accident. He has been ill since that time.
3. I haven’t been able to do gymnastics since then.

1. She’s been to the supermarket.

(She went there earlier and she is back; she has returned.)

1. She’s gone to the supermarket.

(She went there earlier and she is still there.)

1. Hehas been in Aswan for a week. (He is in Aswan now.)

2. Now, I have been at a local school for three years.

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The Present Perfect Continuous

Form I, You, We, They have
+ been + v.ing
‫التكوٌن‬ He, She, It has
Negative I, You, We, They haven’t
+ been + v.ing
ً‫النف‬ He, She, It hasn’t
Have I, you, we, they
+ been + v.ing ….. ?
Interrogative Has he, she, it
‫اإلستفهام‬ ‫ أداة استفهام‬+ have / has + ‫ فاعل‬+ been + v.ing ?
Usage .‫ٌُعبر هذا الزمن عن حدث بدأ فى الماضى ومازال مستمرا حتى وقت الحدٌث‬
‫اإلستخدام‬  I have been writing letters all the afternoon.
since ‫منذ‬ How long ‫كم طول المدة‬
Key words for ‫لمدة‬ recently ‫حدٌثا‬
‫الكلمات الدالة‬ all (day) (‫طوال )الٌوم‬ lately ‫منذ فترة قصٌرة‬
)‫ٌُستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر مع األفعال التى تستغرق وقتا طوٌال (اإلستمرارٌة‬
swim stand wait sit live stay work
travel rest mend learn sleep study read

‫المضارع التام البسيط‬ ‫المضارع التام المستمر‬

‫ٌستخدم للتعبٌر عن حدث بدأ فى الماضى والزال ٌستخدم للتعبٌر عن حدث تم فى الماضى وله عالقة‬
‫ أثر بالحاضر(تم فى الماضى وظهرت نتائجة فى‬/ ‫ فهو حدث لم ٌنتهى‬/‫مستمر حتى الوقت الحاضر‬
)‫الحاضر وتم فى وقت غٌر محدد‬
 I have been studying English
 Someone has stolen my wallet. since I was a child.
 It has rained for two hours.  It has been raining for two
hours.
‫ٌستخدم للتعبٌر عن حدث مهتما بنشاط هذا الحدث ٌستخدم للتعبٌر عن حدث تم انجازه وتركٌز األهمٌة‬
.‫على نتٌجة الحدث‬ .‫ولٌس نتائجه‬
 I have run five kilometers.  I have been running.

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The past perfect tense







1. When he had finished speaking, the audience clapped loudly.

(He finished speaking first and then the audience clapped loudly.)

1. Huda had finished cooking by 11:30 a.m.

1. Reem was upset because her friend hadn’t phoned her.

2. He had fixed the old chair. It looked new.

1. It was the best story I had ever read.

2. That was the first time I had been to Paris.

after before till already themoment

assoon as by the time until ever - never immediately on
when by just since - for shortly after

1. When the manager had arrived, the meeting began.

(The manger arrived before the meeting began.)


1. When the manager arrived, the meeting had begun.

(The meeting began before the manager arrived.)
2. When he arrived at the station, the train had left so he missed it.

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

1. As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson began.

2. After he bought the ticket, he entered the cinema.
3. Before I entered the university, I had to show my identity card.


1. I didn’t buy the computer until I had compared the prices.

2. He wasn’t given the prize until he had come first. ‫ماضً بسٌط مبنً للمجهول‬

3. Ali had forgotten about the family party until he saw the invitation.

4. We didn’t leave until he arrived / had arrived home.

5. He lived in Cairo until he died.


1. By yesterday, he had reached Paris.

2. Before 2013, he had written five short stories.


1. We didn’t eat in the restaurant because we had eaten already.

2. He didn’t move to his new flat because it hadn’t been painted.
3. It had not rained for two months, so the river was very dry.
4. Although she had lost the gold medal, she was happy.

1. After doing my homework, I watched TV. = After I had done…

2. After the match, he went to bed.

1. Before visiting Egypt, he had never heard Arabic.

2. Before the film, I had had dinner.

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Reporting statements
-: ‫ عند تحوٌل الجملة الخبرٌة إلى غٌر المباشر نتبع الخطوات اآلتٌة‬
-: ً‫) ٌتغٌر فعل القول كاآلت‬1

say say say to + ‫مفعول‬ tell + ‫مفعول‬

says says says to + ‫مفعول‬ tells + ‫مفعول‬
said said said to + ‫مفعول‬ told + ‫مفعول‬
‫ عند وجود مفعول‬tell ‫ و‬, ‫ عندما ال ٌوجد بعدها مفعول‬say ‫ ُتستخدم‬
‫ نهربط و يًكٍ حذفها يع‬that ‫) األقواس تُحذف وَستخدو‬1
‫ صرررفات وضرررمائر الملكٌرررة) بحٌرررث‬- ‫) تتغٌرررر الضرررمائر داخرررل األقرررواس (ضرررمائر الفاعرررل أو المفعرررول‬2
‫تعود على المتكلم والمخاطب خارج األقواس حسب المعنى‬

Subject Object Possessive ‫ملكٌة‬ Reflexive

‫ضًائر انفاعم‬ ‫ضًائر انًفعىل‬ ‫صفة يهكية‬ ‫ضًير يهكية‬ ‫ضًائر يُعكسة‬
I ‫أنا‬ me my ‫ملكى‬ mine myself ‫بنفسى‬
he ‫هو‬ him his ‫ملكه‬ his himself ‫بنفسه‬
she ‫هى‬ her her ‫ملكها‬ hers herself ‫بنفسها‬
‫اســـــــــــــــــى‬

it ‫هى لغٌر العاقل‬/‫ هو‬it its ‫ملكها‬/‫ ملكه‬......... itself ‫ بنفسها‬/‫بنفسه‬

you ‫ت‬ َ
ِ ‫ أن‬/ ‫أنت‬ you your ‫ملكك‬ yours yourself ‫بنفسك‬
‫ أنتن‬/ ‫أنتم‬ ‫ملككم‬ yourselves ‫بأنفسكم‬
we ‫نحن‬ us our ‫ملكنا‬ ours ourselves ‫بأنفسنا‬
they ‫هم‬ them their ‫ ملكهم‬theirs themselves ‫بأنفسهم‬

said / said to ً‫تتغٌر األزمنة والتعبٌرات الزمنٌة عندما ٌكون فعل القول ماض‬ )3

today that day now then / at that time / immediately

tonight that night tomorrow the following/next day – the day after
come go the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
here there the day before yesterday two days before
this/these +n. the the next / following week
next week
this/these +v. it / they the week after
that week the day before - the previous day
this week yesterday
last week the last day
… before the week before
…… ago last week
… earlier the previous / last week

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Present Simple (go / goes) Past Simple (went)
Direct “I come from Egypt,” said Ali.
Indirect Ali said that he came from Egypt.
Direct I said to him, “It is my first job.”
Indirect I told him that it was my first job.

Present Continuous (am/is/are going) Past Continuous (was/were going)

Direct Ayten said to me, “I am leaving early tomorrow on a trip.”
Indirect Ayten told me she was leaving early the next day on a trip.
Direct Nadia said, “I am coming home now, Ali.”
Indirect Nadia told Ali that she was going home then.
Past Simple (went) Past Perfect (had gone)
Direct Ali said, “I went to Cairo yesterday.”
Indirect Ali said that he had gone to Cairo the day before.
Direct Haidi said, “I flew to London last week.”
Indirect Haidi said she had flown to London the week before.

Present Perfect (have/has gone) Past Perfect (had gone)

Direct Marwa said, “I have drawn a nice picture of a cat.”
Indirect Marwa said she had drawn a nice picture of a cat.

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

(have / has been going) (had been going)
Direct She said, “I have been staying with a friend.”
Indirect She said she had been staying with a friend.

Past Continuous (was/were going) No Change OR Past Perfect Continuous

Direct “We were having lunch,” they said.
Indirect They said they (were / had been) having lunch.

will/can/may/am, is, are going to would/could/might/was, were going to

Direct “The new shop will open in two weeks’ time,” Sara told us.
Indirect Sara told us that the new shop would open in two weeks' time.
Direct The manager said to me, “The new metro will open in 2022.”
Indirect The manager told me that the new metro would open in 2022.
Direct Tom said, “I am going to visit Aswan during my trip, Amira.”
Indirect Tom told Amira that he was going to visit Aswan during his trip.

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must (necessity) Present ; must or had to – Future ; would have to
Direct Sarah said, “I must get up early every day.”
Indirect Sarah said she must get / had to get up early every day.
Direct Sami said, “I must go soon.”
Indirect Sami said he would have to go soon.

First Conditional ‫ األولى‬if ‫ حالة‬Second Conditional ‫ الثانٌة‬if ‫حالة‬

Direct “If you ask Dina, she will help you,” he said.
Indirect He told me that if I asked Dina, she would help me.
Come Go
Direct “I won’t come to the party,” she said.
Indirect She said she wouldn’t go to the party.

this / these in time expression (adj.) that / those

this / these + noun (adj.) the
this / these (pronoun) it – they / them
Direct She said, “She is coming this week.”
Indirect She said she was coming that week.
Direct He said, “I bought this flower / these flowers for my mother.”
Indirect He said he bought the flower / flowers for his mother.
Direct “This is an unusual situation,” Dad said.
Indirect Dad said it was an unusual situation.


(He has just said) ‫إذا كان فعل القول فى زمن المضارع أو المستقبل أو المضارع التام‬
Direct He says, “I’ll be a lawyer when I grow up.”
Indirect He says that he’ll be a lawyer when he grows up.

While – When ‫أزمنة الماضً مع الروابط الزمنٌة مثل‬
Direct He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis.”
Indirect He said that when he saw them, they were playing tennis.

Past Perfect (Simple AND Continuous) ‫الماضً التام البسٌط والماضً التام المستمر‬
Direct “I had been working hard all afternoon,” he said.
Indirect He said that he had been working hard all afternoon.

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
(just now / a moment ago / a short time ago) ‫ الكلمات التالٌة‬said ‫عندما تأتً بعد‬
Direct He said just now, “I missed the train.”
Indirect He said just now that he missed the train.

(deduction, command)
must
Direct “There must be some mistakes,” he thought.
Indirect He thought there must be some mistakes.
Direct “You must come and see us soon,” she said.
Indirect She said we must come and see her soon.

would / could / might / should / ought to / had better / used to / mustn’t
Direct “You should work with a group of men,” he said.
Indirect He said that I should work with a group of men.
OR He advised me to work with a group of men.

(If only – wish – would rather – It’s time + ‫ الثانٌة والثالثة والجملة التً تحتوي على )جملة ماضً بسٌط‬If ‫حالة‬
Direct He said, “It would be best if we started early.”
Indirect He said it would be best if they started early.
‫ إذا كرررران الكررررالم األصررررلً للمتحرررردث فررررً زمررررن المضررررارع أو المسررررتقبل ومررررازال مضررررارع أو‬
‫ مرررن الممكرررن أن ٌبقرررى الرررزمن كمرررا هرررو وٌمكرررن تغٌٌرررره الرررى األقررردم – فعرررل القرررول‬, ‫مسرررتقبل‬
‫ماضً – بٌنما التعبٌرات الزمنٌة ال تتغٌر‬
‫ نختار المضارع‬,‫وجدَ الفعل فً زمن المضارع والماضً معا‬ ُ ‫ لكن فً سؤال اإلختٌاري إذا‬
Direct “The earth goes round the sun.”
Indirect He proved that the earth goes / went round the sun.
Direct “I’m two metres tall,” he said.
Indirect He said he is was two metres tall.
Direct The teacher said, “Paris is the capital of France.”
Indirect The teacher said that Paris is was the capital of France.
Direct She said, “The days are longer in the summer.”
Indirect She said that the days are were longer in the summer.

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Future Forms
‫فاعل‬ will …
‫فاعـل‬ won’t …
‫مصدر‬
Will ‫فاعل‬ …
Wh. will ‫فاعل‬ …

think ‫ٌعتقد‬ predict ‫ٌتنبأ‬ expect ‫ٌتوقع‬

believe ‫ٌعتقد‬ promise ‫ٌَعِد‬ hope ‫ٌأمل‬
imagine ‫ٌتخٌل‬ probably ‫من المحتمل‬ certainly ‫بالتأكٌد‬
possibly ‫من الممكن‬ perhaps ‫ربما‬ be sure ‫متأكد‬
1. In the future, we will use renewable energy.
2. E-sports are popular, but they won’t be more popular than football.
3. People won’t drive a car. We will all have driverless cars.
4. There will be lots of solar panels. There won’t be ordinary mobiles.
5. Will there be robot teachers?
6. Houses will probably be different in the future.
7. Perhaps we’ll find him at the hotel.
8. Don’t worry. I’m sure you’ll enjoy your holiday to Italy.
-: ‫الصفات الثابتة لدى اإلنسان لٌست دلٌال على حدوث الفعل مثل‬
9. I think my brother will be a doctor. He’s very clever.

1. My phone is ringing. I’ll answer it.

2. A: What would you like to drink?
B: I’ll have an orange juice, please.
3. I’m very tired. I think I will go to bed.

1. I’ll
be 16 next week.
2. The temperature will drop during the weekend.

1. Those bags look heavy. I’ll help you carry them.

2. I can’t understand this exercise. Will you help me with it?

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1. I’ll visit you next month.

2. I’ll hit you if you do that again.
3. Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself with that knife.
4. I hope pollution levels will drop soon.
5. If you study hard, you’ll succeed.

1. Thefarms will be able to make their own electricity.

2. We won’t be able to grow the food we need on the farmland we
have.

I am -’m am not Am I
He he
She is she
’s isn’t Is
It it
‫اسم مفرد‬ going to + inf. ‫ اسم مفرد‬going to + inf.
You you
We are we
’re aren’t Are
They they
‫اسم جمع‬ ‫اسم جمع‬

1. Ihave just read the weather report. It’s going to be sunny.

2. There are clouds in the sky, so I think it’s going to rain.
3. The sun is shining. It’s going to be a lovely day.
4. Watch out! You are going to fall in the hole. ( Warning )

5. They are going to get married in three months.

( They have already decided to do it. )
6. We’re going to buy a new car. ( The decision already exists. )

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7. I’m going shopping with Samira at the weekend.

8. We’ve had a lot of training. We’re going to be very careful.
9. I’m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.
10. I’m going to become a famous engineer.

1. I can’t see you this evening. I’m doing my homework.

2. It’s arranged. We’re going to the Red Sea this summer.
‫ واألنشررررررطة التررررررً تقرررررروم‬, ‫الحررررررظ أن المناسرررررربات اإلجتماعٌررررررة مررررررن حفررررررالت وأعٌرررررراد مررررررٌالد‬
.‫بها المؤسسات تستلزم ترتٌبات لذا ٌُستخدم معها المضارع المستمر‬

1. My plane leaves at ten o’clock.

2. The exam takes place on 2nd April.

when whether by the time unless providing

as soon as after till / until provided whenever
while before if as long as the moment

1. When everyone arrives, the meeting will start.

2. I’m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.

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