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اختصار الستيب

The document provides a comprehensive overview of English verb tenses, including present, past, and future forms, along with their structures and common indicators. It also covers modal verbs, conditional sentences, pronouns, and punctuation rules. Additionally, it includes strategies for understanding and analyzing written passages.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
81 views31 pages

اختصار الستيب

The document provides a comprehensive overview of English verb tenses, including present, past, and future forms, along with their structures and common indicators. It also covers modal verbs, conditional sentences, pronouns, and punctuation rules. Additionally, it includes strategies for understanding and analyzing written passages.

Uploaded by

zyad.44.itti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Present

‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
simple

Always – usually
often – sometimes
© Verb + s:‫المفرد‬
Verb:‫الجمع‬
Never – Regularly
every
(day-week-year)

Present
‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
progressiv
At the moment – now
today – tonight
©
ing + verb + am
these days
ing + verb + is
ing + verb + are

Past simple ‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬


Yesterday – ago

© Verb2
Last - in 2005

Past
‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
progressive
© ing + verb + Was
ing + verb + were
While
when

Past perfect ‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬


Found

Verb3 + Had don't focus here

Present
‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
perfect
Already – lately
just – so far – ever
yet – since – for
© Verb3 + Has
verb3 + have
‫عدد مرات وقوع الحدث‬

Present
perfect ‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
progressive
ing + v + been + Has
Since – for
ing + v + been + have
Future
‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
simple
Tomorrow
Verb + Will year) , Next ( week
I think
Future
‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
progressiv

ing + v + be + Will By this time + ‫توقيت بالمستقبل‬

Future
‫التكوين‬ ‫الدالالت‬
perfect

Verb3 + Will have in + ‫مدة زمنية‬


going to+ Am/is/are
Don't focus here
verb +

‫للتعبير عن العادات التي كانت في الماضي ولم تعد موجودة‬


Used to + Verb

‫لحل الجمل التي التحتوي على دالالت‬


‫المسارات‬
Do/Does/Did/Didn't/Doesn't Verb
Am/Is/Are/Was/Were ing + Verb
Have/Has/Had Verb3
Present simple
If : 1 Verb + s Verb + Will
Verb

Must - Can – Should


Will ‫بدائل‬
Verb+ing +Am/Is/Are

Were
2 : If or any Verb2 Verb + Would
××Was××
Would ‫بدائل‬ Could - Might
3 : If
Verb3 + Had Verb3 + Would have

Wish Were

Must Verb ‫للضرورة‬


Mustn't Verb ‫للمنع والتحريم‬
Should Verb ‫للنصيحة‬
Verb
Shall ‫لالقتراح‬
We ‫تجي غالبا ً مع‬
Could ‫للتعبير عن القدرة في‬
Verb
‫الماضي‬
Verb
Would ‫تجي مع‬
Wouldn't Please – Like
Actually
Verb
Might ‫تجي مع‬ ‫لالحتمالية‬
Prefer -Like- Want
Verb3
Could have
‫تجي مع‬
Couldn't have
But ) + ‫( النفي‬

Verb + Have to ‫للضرورة‬


Verb + Had to Could ‫اقوى من‬ ‫ضرورة في الماضي‬

Don't have to
‫عدم الضرورة‬
Verb +

Verb + Ought to ‫نصيحة واجبة‬


Who ‫تستخدم للوصل اذا كان قبلهم شخص‬
Whom ‫ اقوى‬Who

‫للوصل جاءت بجملة واحده‬


Which :‫دايم استخدمها للتخيير كسؤال ومرتبطة ب‬
recommend / one

What ‫تستخدم للوصل اذا كان قبلها فعل‬

Whose ‫للوصل للملكية جاءت في جملتين‬

.Go to the shop which is next to the pharmacy


got a new one ,The boy whose bicycle was stolen
.yesterday
there's the woman whose father we met ,Look
last night.
‫النتيجة‬ ‫للعطف واالضافة‬ ‫للتناقض‬ ‫السبب‬
‫لكن ‪But‬‬
‫‪For example‬‬ ‫مع ذلك ‪however‬‬
‫‪So‬‬ ‫على سبيل المثل‬
‫‪although‬‬ ‫‪Because‬‬
‫لذلك‬
‫‪in addition‬‬ ‫‪even though‬‬ ‫الن‬
‫اضافة الى ذلك‬ ‫‪though‬‬
‫بالرغم من‬

‫الربط الزمني‬ ‫الغرض‬


when ‫عندما‬
Neither......nor while ‫بينما‬ verb + To
either......or ‫يجي بعدها مفرد‬ until ‫حتى‬ verb + in order to
both......and after ‫بعد‬ subject + so that
before ‫قبل‬

via ‫عن طريق كذا‬ provided that ‫طالما‬


beyond ‫بعد‬
‫هذي القاعده تعتمد على المعنى‬
Past ---- past
When
while while - When
( as ) ving + Verb2 ---- was/were

After ‫الكلمات الباقية‬


before verb3 + Verb2 ---- had
by the time
as soon as Present ---- present
until
Present ---- future
ving ‫اذا لم يأتي بعد كلمة الربط فاعل نستخدم صيغة‬
remember to ,before going to bed every night
brush your teeth
verb2 - when – was :‫فيه ارتباط دائم بين الكلمات‬
The time
in on at
The morning
the afternoon Sunday ‫االيام‬
the evening ‫الساعة‬
‫التواريخ‬ 7:00
September ‫الشهور‬ 2016 ,30 ,april 5:00
2005 ‫السنوات‬ 5may 2011
19century ‫القرون‬
The place
in on at
The door
Street home
saudi arabia ‫الدول‬
way work
Riyadh ‫المدن‬
road university
school

Subject object ‫ملكية‬ ‫ملكية‬ reflexive ‫منعكسه‬


I me my mine myself
He him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its - itself
we us our ours ourselves
‫‪Yourself‬‬
‫‪you‬‬ ‫‪you‬‬ ‫‪your‬‬ ‫‪yours‬‬
‫‪yourselves‬‬
‫‪they‬‬ ‫‪them‬‬ ‫‪their‬‬ ‫‪theirs‬‬ ‫‪themselves‬‬
‫تأتي بعد افعال معينة‬
‫تأتي بدون وجود‬ ‫بشرط تطابق الفاعل‬
‫تأتي قبل االسم معبرة‬
‫االسم المعبر عن‬ ‫‪cut-see-ask-by‬‬
‫تأتي بعد الفعل او‬ ‫عن الملكية‬
‫تأتي قبل الفعل‬ ‫الملكية‬ ‫‪depend on‬‬
‫حرف الجر‬ ‫وتتميز بوجود االسم‬
‫وتتميز بعدم وجود‬ ‫‪look after-help‬‬
‫بعدها‬
‫شيء بعدها‬ ‫‪enjoy-tell-hurt‬‬
‫‪introduce-blame‬‬
‫‪countable‬‬ ‫‪uncountable‬‬
Water – milk – tea
juice – coffe – sugar
salt – money – news
Pens – books
examples homework – traffic
problems - cars
information – butter
furniture – time
experience
Are Is
‫تاخذ فعل مفرد او جمع‬
were was
‫قليل من‬ a few / Few a little / Little
‫كثير من‬ many much
‫لالثبات‬ Some Some
‫للنفي‬ any any
A lot of A lot of
‫تعبيرات تأتي مع بعضها‬ some more some more
too many too much
‫ وتلحق باالسم لتعبر‬s ‫(') توضع الفاصله العلوية قبل حرف‬s
‫للملكية‬
Ali's car :‫عن الملكية مثل‬

singular plural
s ‫اضافة‬ car cars
Child Children
irregular plural ‫الجمع الشاذ‬ man men
woman women
Physics ---
Confusing words
series ---
‫كلمات تبدو كأنها جمع‬
diabetes ---
One of my old friends......... is/are
‫موافقة الفعل للفاعل الحقيقي‬
old cities of italy..........is/are

a few‫ اختار كلمة‬only ‫اول ما تشوف كلمة‬


much‫ اختار‬as...........as ‫اذا لقيت‬

Comparative
‫الصفات القصيرة‬ ‫ صفة قصيرة‬+ er
‫الصفات الطويلة‬ less / more + ‫صفة طويلة‬
First party Better than Second party
‫الصفات الشاذة‬ worse
farther
Russia is colder than italy
examples
Russian language is more difficult than French

Suprelative
‫الصفات القصيرة‬ The ‫ صفة قصيرة‬+ est
‫الصفات الطويلة‬ ‫التوجد مقارنة‬ most + ‫صفة طويلة‬
‫بين طرفين بل‬ Best
‫الصفات الشاذة‬ ‫تفضيل لطرف‬ worst
‫على االخر‬ farthest
Russia is the coldest country in the world
examples
Japanese language is the most difficult language
adverb / Adjectives
‫الفرق بين الصفة والحال‬
‫ الصفة تصف االسم‬، ‫الحال يصف الفعل‬
well ‫ ويكون الحال منها‬good :‫ ما عدا بعد الصفات مثل‬ly‫الحال ينتهي ب‬
Hard ----- Hard
harder ‫ اختار‬much ‫لو لقيت كلمة‬
example He speaks slowly

an / A the No article
‫التستخدم اي اداة مع‪:‬‬
‫الشيء الوحيد‬
‫الوجبات ‪ ،‬اذا لم يسبقها صفة‬
‫توضع قبل االسم المفرد‬ ‫الشيء المخصص‬
‫اللغات‬
‫الشيء المحدد والمعرف‬
‫‪fresh air‬‬

‫اذا جات اداة االستفهام في منتصف الجملة يأتي بعدها‪ :‬الفاعل ‪ +‬الفعل‬
‫‪example: I have no idea how the bird manged to build a nest there‬‬

‫‪verb‬‬ ‫‪ing + Verb‬‬


did / does / Do went / Go
didn't / doesn't / don't ed / avoid
won't / will ed / mind
can't / can ed / enjoy
shouldn't / should d / like
couldn't / could d / love
mustn't / must kept / keep
might / may tried / try
would rather ed / finish
let / make to ‫بعد حروف الجر ما عدا‬
on - in
Let your brother go we don't need him. of - at
with - for
about
from

verb + To
Want / ed
decide / d
need / ed
offer / ed
promise / d
refuse / d
agree / d
seem / ed
ask / ed
tell / told
it's + to + verb
enough + to + verb
too + to + verb

Punctuation Capitalization
‫اسماء االشخاص‬
‫اسماء الشوارع والطرق‬
‫تعداد اكثر من اثنين‬ ‫اسماء المؤسسات وما ارتبط بها من القاب‬
‫‪and Saleh went out ,Hadi ,Ali.‬‬ ‫‪King Fahad Road‬‬
‫اسماء البالد واالماكن (القارات ‪ ،‬الدول ‪ ،‬المدن‬
‫قبل هذه الروابط‪so / but‬‬ ‫االحياء)‬
‫عندما يربطوا جملتين‬ ‫ال يشمل االتجاهات اال اذا كانت جزء من اسم دولة‬
‫‪but / ............,so,...........‬‬ ‫او منطقة محددة ‪East Asians‬‬
‫باقي الروابط اذا جاءت بأول الجملة نضع فاصلة بين‬ ‫اللغات ‪Arabic / English‬‬
‫الجملتين مثل‪:‬‬ ‫الجنسيات ‪German‬‬
‫‪...............,...........When / While / After‬‬ ‫الكواكب ‪Jupiter / Mars‬‬
‫‪...............,...........As soon as / Before‬‬ ‫الديانات ‪Muslim‬‬
‫‪...............,...........By the time / If‬‬ ‫ايام االسبوع ‪Monday‬‬
‫شهور السنة ‪January‬‬
‫اليشمل فصول السنة ‪spring / fall /summer‬‬
‫االلقاب واختصارات الدول‬
‫عالمات التنصيص تستخدم مع الكالم المقتبس‬
‫‪Dr / Mr‬‬
‫"‪yes" :They said‬‬
‫‪K.S.A‬‬
‫الفاصلة المنقوطة ;‬
‫تأتي كبديل للفاصة العادية وتفضل المنقوطة على العادية‬
‫قبل كلمة ‪However‬‬
‫النقطتان الرأسيتان ‪:‬‬
‫تستخدم بعد كلمة ‪include‬‬
‫وقبل بداية العد مثل‪:‬‬
‫‪,a shirt : I bought 3 items from the mall‬‬
‫‪and shoes ,trousers‬‬

‫)‪Correct order (make a paragraph‬‬ ‫‪Correct word order‬‬

‫الترتيب الصحيح للجملة يكون‪:‬‬


‫‪ -‬عند الترتيب نبدأ باالسم اذا وجد‬
‫‪ -‬ثم كلمة ‪ First‬ويأتي بعدها كلمة ‪Then‬‬ ‫فاعل ‪ ،‬فعل ‪ ،‬مفعول ‪ ،‬مكان ‪ ،‬زمان ‪ ،‬السبب‬
‫‪ -‬جملة ‪ eventually‬و ‪ finally‬تكون دائما ً بالنهاية‬
‫كلمة ‪ Both‬غالبا ً تجي بالبداية‬
‫التكوين‬ ‫الفعل‬
are / Is
were / Was
are / Is Being

had / has / Have Been Verb3


/ must / Modals ( will
Be
could ) / should

‫ كلمة دالة على المبني للمجهول‬By


First strategy

The purpose of the passage OR Why did the writer write the passage
to give description / to describe / to give information / to inform / to explain
to inform ‫في حال تكرار االجابات في الخيارات اختار‬

Second strategy
‫‪Understanding & Analysis‬‬
‫التركيز على صيغة السؤال وهل يطلب االكثر او االقل وألي فئة او في اي عام‬
‫والتقدير النظري لمساحة ما باالرقام‬
‫‪lowest / least / fewest - highest / largest / most‬‬

‫‪Third strategy‬‬

‫اسئلة مباشرة واسئلة غير مباشرة‬

‫‪Fourth strategy‬‬
‫يعطيك كلمة محددة بالخط العريض او تحتها خط ويطلب منك تحديد معناها او االقرب لمعناها (حفظ)‬

‫‪Fifth strategy‬‬
pronoun ........ (it) in paragraph ....... (2) refers to........x / The word
:‫اكثر الضمائر المستخدمة‬
‫ ) يعود الضمير لما قبله فقط وليس شرط ما قبله مباشرة‬there / their / they / its / it (

Sixth strategy
What is the best title of the passage
What is the main idea of the passage
What is the topic of the pasaage

Seventh strategy
What is one important idea that the writer mention / Skimming

Eighth strategy
Scanning / ‫وهو القراءة السريعة بهدف البحث عن معلومة محددة‬
What is the main idea in paragraph
Which sentence gives the main idea of paragraph

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