Year One

‫الصف األول الثانوي‬

Prepared by

Mr Sayed Abu Ouf

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Past Simple

I lived in Cairo. I didn‟t live in Giza. Did you live in Cairo?

They arrived early. They didn‟t arrive late. Did they arrive late?
He studied English. He didn‟t study maths. Did he study English?

in (1983) ً‫ف‬
yesterday ‫باألمس‬ I bought my car in Ali played tennis.
(2 days) ago ‫منذ‬ 2015. Tennis was played
last (week) ً‫الماض‬ by Ali.
once ‫ذات مرة‬ Dina lived in Giza for
one day ‫ذات ٌوم‬ 15 years. Ali didn‟t play
in the past ً‫فً الماض‬ tennis.
How long ago ‫منذ متى‬ He travelled a lot Tennis wasn‟t
that (day) ‫ذلك الٌوم‬ when he was young. played.
the other day ‫أول أمس‬
the last time ‫آخر مرة‬ I wrote the message. Did Ali play tennis?
once upon a time ‫ذات مرة‬ Then, I sent it. Was tennis played?
in ancient times ‫قدٌما‬
formerly ‫فٌما سبق‬ Once upon a time Where did Ahmed
previously ‫فٌما سبق‬ there was a king … play tennis?
in the middle ages
‫فً العصور الوسطى‬ If he studied hard, he Where was tennis
from (2000) to (2010) would succeed. played?

1. I travelled abroad was in 2000.

2. I visited Aswan was two years ago.
3. Sami went to the cinema in 2008.
4. I saw him two weeks ago.
5. I played football when I was at the club.

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1. When Adel was younger, he often went fishing with his father.
2. They went to the club every day during the last holiday.

1. He used to enjoy playing on the beach, but now he doesn‟t.

= He no longer enjoys playing on the beach.
= He doesn't enjoy playing on the beach any longer / any more.

2. We used to be good friends, but we aren‟t any more.

3. He didn‟t use to smoke, but he does now.
= He never used to smoke.
4. Did he use to smoke?
5. There used to be big trees in our garden.
6. There didn‟t use to be an airport in Aswan in 1900.

‫ عند اإلشارة الى حدث وقع فى وقت أو مناسبة محددة وإن لم ٌتم ذكرها‬-‫أ‬
7. I drove to work yesterday.
8. I wrote the stories very quickly.
‫ أو عند اإلشارة إلى طول المدة التً إستؽرقها الحدث‬, ‫ عند اإلشارة الى عدد مرات وقوع الحدث‬-‫ب‬
9. I went to the cinema four times last month.
10. I lived in Cairo for three years.

1 ‫فـــاعل‬ always / usually ‫مضارع بسٌط أو ماضً بسٌط‬

2 It is / was ‫صفة ملكٌة‬ ‫‟اسم‬s + habit to +‫مصدر‬
3 It is / was habitual for ‫مفعول‬
4 have the habit of
5 be in V.ing
‫فــــــــــــــــاعـل‬

6 be ‫أو‬
7 get used to noun
8 become ‫أو‬
9 be accustomed to pronoun
10 become

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1. He usually plays tennis every week.
2. = It’s his habit to play tennis every week.
3. = He is in the habit of
4. = He’s used to ( playing ) tennis every week.
5. = He’s getting used to
6. They are used to the cold. (present)
7. I am getting used to the weather. (present)
8. I don‟t mind walking. I‟m used to it. (present)
9. She wasn‟t used to living in the country. (past)
10. I didn‟t like using the computer at first, but I got used to it. (past)

1. The keyboard is used to type words.

2. The keyboard is used for typing words.

I I
He he
was wasn‟t Was
She ‫اسم‬ she ‫اسم‬
It ‫صفة‬ it ‫صفة‬
You ‫حرؾ جر‬+‫مكان‬ you ‫حرؾ جر‬+‫مكان‬
We were weren‟t Were we
They they

1. It was a camel. 3. Were they at school?

2. Tom wasn‟t Egyptian. 4. Where were they yesterday?

‫فاعل‬ had didn‟t have ‫اسم‬ Did ‫فاعل‬ have + ‫اسم‬

1. We had lunch at 2 o‟clock. 3. Did Ali have lunch at home?

2. She didn‟t have a car. 4. When did you have a party?

1. Ali did eat the chocolate cake.

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1. Rarely did she get up late. ( = She rarely got up late.)

1. If I were taller, I‟d be good at basketball. (impossible)

(But I’m not tall.)
2. If I were you, I would arrive early. (You should arrive early.)

1. I wish I knew his address.

= I’m sorry I don’t know his address.
2. If only we knew where to look for him!

1. I‟d rather you attended my party.

2. Tomorrow‟s difficult. I‟d rather you came next weekend.

1. My wife would rather we didn‟t see each other any more.

2. Would you like him to paint it? No I‟d rather he didn‟t paint it.

1. It‟s getting late. It‟s time we went home.

2. It‟s time father arrived.

1. I‟d rather live in a city. ( I’d rather ‫( مصدر‬

2. I‟d rather not go out tonight. ( I’d rather not ‫( مصدر‬
3. It‟s time to have lunch. ( It’s time to ‫( مصدر‬
4. It‟s time for us to have lunch. ( It’s time for ‫ مفعول‬to ‫( مصدر‬
5. It‟s time for lunch. ( It’s time for ‫( اسم‬

1. Suppose we were rich. ( We aren’t rich. )

2. Dad, can I watch TV? - Suppose you did your homework first.

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The Past Continuous Tense

I I I
He He he
She was She wasn‟t Was she
It It it
‫اسم مفرد‬ V.ing ‫اسم مفرد‬ V.ing ‫ اسم مفرد‬V.ing
You You you
We We we
were weren‟t Were
They They they
‫اسم جمع‬ ‫اسم جمع‬ ‫اسم جمع‬
I was having lunch. I wasn‟t working. Were you sleeping?
They were studying. They weren‟t reading. Were they playing?

while
‫بٌنما‬ )‫(وقت منتصؾ وقوع حدث‬ He was playing tennis.
as He was watching Tennis was being
‫بٌنما‬ TV at five o‟clock played.
just as yesterday.
ً‫فً اللحظة الت‬ He wasn‟t playing
when tennis.
‫عندما‬ She was having Tennis wasn‟t being
all day / night / evening… dinner when the light played.
... ‫طوال‬ went out.
the whole day / night … Was he playing tennis?
... ‫طوال‬ Was tennis being
at …… o‟clock She was talking on played?
... ‫فً تمام الساعة‬ her phone while she
at that time was driving. Where was Ali
‫فً ذلك الوقت‬ playing tennis?
at the time He was writing a play Where was tennis
‫فً وقت‬ in those days. being played?

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1. WhileI was coming to school today, I saw my father‟s friend.

2. She heard a loud crash when she was studying.

3. When she found her ring, she was cleaning the room.
4. She was having dinner when the lights went out.
5. What were they doing when the bell rang?

1. While I was finishing one story, I was thinking of the next one.
2. While I was reading a story, Ali was watching TV.
3. Mum was watching TV while dad was cooking dinner.

,
,

1. While staying in Giza, he visited the Pyramids. (= …he was staying… )

2. During his stay in Giza, he visited the Pyramids.

1. On seeing him, she got puzzled. (= When she saw… )

2. On arriving / my arrival, Ali was watching a cartoon.
(= When I arrived … )

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1. I didn‟t hear the phone because I was playing the piano.

2. I was playing the piano, so I didn‟t hear the phone.

1. I my homework at 8 o‟clock last night. (completed action)

2. I my homework at 8 o‟clock last night.
(not completed action)

like, love, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer, want, wish, ‫المشاعر‬

need, hope fear, desire, astonish, forgive, satisfy
feel, taste, smell, look, see, hear, sound ‫الحواس‬
think, believe, know, understand, remember, remind, ‫النشاط الفكري‬
forget, imagine, guess, intend, mean, see, realize, -‫ الرأي‬- ‫اإلدراك‬
notice, recognise, suppose, doubt, seem… ‫التفكٌر‬
have = possess, own, owe, belong (to) ‫الملكٌة‬
be, agree, disagree, promise, contain, include, cost, ‫أفعال أخرى‬
depend on, deny, require, concern, consist, deserve

1. She seemed ill when I visited her.

2. While I was ill, many people visited me. ‫ نستخدم ماضً بسٌط‬, ً‫ الفعل األساس‬be ‫إذا كان‬
3. While we were in the park, our children were playing around us.

3. I was seeing an old friend when you called. (= was meeting)

4. He was having some pizza when the phone rang. (= was eating)

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1) Last year, I …………… to an island for a few days as a voluntourist.

a) go b) going c) went d) goes
2) I …………… Black Beauty two years ago.
a) read b) reads c) is reading d) will read
3) Yesterday, we …………… the village where my father was born.
a) visiting b) visited c) visits d) visit
4) Last year, we …………… to Venice in Italy.
a) travel b) is travelling c) travelled d) travels
5) It was very crowded, but we …………… our holiday.
a) enjoy b) enjoys c) enjoying d) enjoyed
6) A year ago, we …………… a boat trip on a canal.
a) took b) take c) takes d) are taking
7) Luca …………… into the forest this morning. It was really exciting.
a) trek b) trekked c) trekking d) are trekking
8) Omar …………… across the Sahara last year.
a) was cycling b) cycle c) cycled d) cycles
9) Yesterday, we …………… some beautiful fish in the Red Sea.
a) see b) saw c) were seeing d) will see
10) When I reached home, I immediately …………… a shower.
a) was having b) had c) had had d) would have
11) Jake arranged to visit Madagascar before he ……………university.
a) starting b) start c) was starting d) started
12) We …………… on the door, but nobody came.
a) knock b) knocked c) knocks d) knocking
13) My grandfather always …………… to work when he was young.
a) walk b) walks c) walking d) walked
14) I …………… for five hours every day last week.
a) has worked b) works c) have worked d) worked
15) The tourists …………… swimming in the sea. It was too dirty!
a) were enjoying b) weren’t enjoying c) didn’t enjoy d) enjoyed
16) Hatim …………… as a taxi driver for 5 years. Now, he is a worker
in a factory.
a) works b) worked c) work d) has worked

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17) Tom lived in Egypt from 1997 until 2007, this means that …………..
a) he has lived in Egypt for 10 years. b) he has lived in Egypt since 10 years.
c) he lived in Egypt for 10 years. d) he lived in Egypt since 10 years.
18) Did …………… to the secretary?
a) you hand the report b) you handed the report
c) the report hand d) the report hand
19) Was …………… to the secretary?
a) you hand the report b) you handed the report
c) the report hand d) the report handed
20) Charles Dickens …………… in the south of England.
a) bear b) was born c) born d) is born

21) At 6 o‟clock, I …………… at the orangutans in the zoo.

a) looking b) looks c) was looking d) were looking
22) The ship …………… for six hours yesterday.
a) was sailed b) was sailing c) sailing d) is sailing
23) The police officer stopped us and asked us where ……………
a) were we going b) are we going c) we are going d) we were going
24) When Lara …………… on the beach, her friends were sleeping.
a) was b) were c) was being d) were being
25) When I …………… home, mother was preparing lunch.
a) return b) returning c) was returning d) returned
26) A spider …………… Munir‟s hand when he was putting something
in his pocket.
a) bite b) bites c) bit d) is biting
27) I …………… out of the boat when I dropped my camera.
a) was leaning b) lean c) were leaning d) leaning
28) Salma …………… around Indonesia when she broke her leg.
a) travelled b) was travelling c) travels d) travel
29) When Aya visited me, I …………… my room.
a) decorate b) was decorating c) am decorating d) decorating
30) While I …………… lunch, someone knocked on the door.
a) was having b) have c) had d) having
31) While I ……… on the islands, I talked to the people who lived there.
a) working b) was working c) worked d) works

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32) We …………… our room while our little brother was watching TV.
a) tided b) tidying c) was tidying d) were tidying
33) While I was doing my homework, mother …………… dinner.
a) preparing b) prepare c) prepared d) was preparing
34) While the tourists were lying on the beach, Adam ……………
marine life from a boat.
a) was monitoring b) monitoring c) were monitoring d) monitors
35) While …………… home, I met one of my best friends.
a) going b) went c) was going d) go
36) While …………… by his mother, the baby gave a loud cry.
a) having bathed b) he was bathing c) was bathed d) being bathed
37) While I …………… at home, my uncle suddenly returned from Italy.
a) was being b) was c) being d) were
38) On …………… the road accident, the cars drove more slowly.
a) seeing b) see c) saw d) have seen
39) …………… we were driving to our village, we ran out of petrol.
a) If b) While c) But d) Where
40) …………… her flight, Amani was nervous.
a) During b) While c) When d) As soon as
41) Did you see that? The car …………… by the helicopter.
a) was chasing b) has been chased
c) will be chased d) was being chased
42) While the dinner ……………, we were watching the new film.
a) was making b) was been made
c) was being made d) is made
43) My brother …………… work hard on the farm.
a) used to b) is used c) got used to d) no longer
44) My brother …………… hard work on the farm.
a) used to b) is used to c) got used d) b & c
45) I …………… play football on Fridays.
a) was used to b) be used to c) used to d) became used
46) Hams …………… watch Egyptian movies, but now she does.
a) used to b) didn’t use to c) wasn’t used to d) used to not
47) Yousra used to live in Cairo, but now she ……………
a) hasn’t b) didn’t c) isn’t d) doesn’t

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48) Yousra used to be punctual, but now she ……………
a) hasn’t b) didn’t c) isn’t d) doesn’t
49) Suppose your father …………… you now, what would you do?
a) phoned b) has phoned c) will phone d) was phoning
50) I wish our holidays …………… longer to enjoy our time more.
a) are b) were c) have been d) were being

1) In 2017, my parents …………… to Luxor.

a) move b) moves c) moved d) will move
2) Your cousin …………… at the community centre last summer.
a) helps b) helped c) help d) is helping
3) Ali‟s family …………… to Mansoura when he was seven.
a) move b) moves c) moved d) is moving
4) My cousin …………… in Costa Rica as a child because my uncle
was a biologist.
a) living b) lived c) were living d) live
5) There …………… thousands of people at the football stadium
yesterday.
a) be b) are c) was d) were
6) Imad and Kamal …………… that song for the first time in 2018.
a) heard b) hear c) hears d) will hear
7) You …………… me a ticket yesterday, so I owe you some money.
a) buy b) will buy c) buys d) bought
8) I last …………… from her on Friday.
a) heard b) was heard c) hear d) is heard
9) Not many girls …………… to school in Egypt in the early twentieth
century.
a) went b) was going c) have gone d) goes
10) From 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz …………… on the Apollo space
project.
a) work b) works c) worked d) was worked
11) My uncle lived in Aswan three years ……………
a) since b) ago c) for d) during

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12) They studied the English Literature …………… 2016.
a) since b) at c) in d) for
13) I …………… my homework and watched a documentary.
a) do b) did c) does d) doing
14) We arrived home quite late and …………… nobody in.
a) found b) find c) didn’t find d) finds
15) I was born in Cairo, and …………… there until I was 17.
a) live b) lives c) lived d) will live
16) Lara often …………… the big turtles when they left the beach.
a) see b) sees c) saw d) seeing
17) My grandparents never …………… a holiday in Alexandria when
they were young.
a) had b) were having c) have d) has
18) Some friends …………… him the money he needed.
a) given b) didn’t give c) give d) wasn’t given
19) Did you …………… your arm yesterday?
a) broke b) break c) breaking d) broken
20) Did you go out last night or …………… you busy?
a) did b) were c) are d) have
21) This book …………… 100 years ago.
a) wrote b) is written c) did write d) was written
22) The film …………… only to the newcomers.
a) shows b) is showing c) was shown d) shown
23) He …………… the money he needed.
a) gave b) didn’t give c) give d) wasn’t given

24) Smoke …………… out of the fire for one hour yesterday morning.
a) was come b) was coming c) is coming d) comes
25) What …………… at 8 o'clock yesterday?
a) you were doing b) are you doing c) were you doing d) you are doing
26) I didn‟t accept my friend‟s invitation as I …………… for my exam.
a) revised b) are revising c) was revising d) had revised
27) My father …………… home when we were doing our homework.
a) returned b) returns c) returning d) return
28) Mona was leaning out of the boat when she …………… her phone.
a) drops b) is dropping c) dropped d) was dropping

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29) When I was watering the garden, it …………… to rain.
a) begins b) began c) has begun d) was beginning
30) …………… a car when you were living in London?
a) Had you b) Were you having c) Have you had d) Did you have
31) Manal …………… her lunch when the phone rang.
a) is eating b) eats c) ate d) was eating
32) When Rami went to the office, the worker …………… his tasks.
a) were doing b) was doing c) do d) does
33) While we were watching TV last night, someone …………… the
light off.
a) turn b) turning c) turns d) turned
34) While I was watching TV last night, my sister …………… a
magazine.
a) reading b) was reading c) were reading d) read
35) While he was working as a journalist, he …………… magazine
stories.
a) were writing b) was writing c) wrote d) is writing
36) While I was driving along this morning, I …………… about what
they had said.
a) was thinking b) thought c) had thought d) am thinking
37) As we were sailing along, my camera …………… into water!
a) fall b) fell c) falls d) is falling
38) As I was photographing the castle, my brother …………… crying.
a) start b) starts c) started d) starting
39) …………… Ramy was fourteen, he worked in a factory
a) On b) When c) Just d) During
40) …………… the party, we saw most of our old friends.
a) While b) When c) During d) Just as
41) I didn‟t know what time it was …………… I wasn‟t wearing a watch.
a) when b) while c) during d) as
42) I used my brother‟s camera while mine ……………
a) is repaired b) is being repaired
c) was repairing d) was being repaired
43) Our lunch …………… while I was doing my school homework.
a) was preparing b) is prepared
c) was being prepared d) has been prepared

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44) I …………… playing football on Fridays.
a) was used to b) used to c) be used to d) became used
45) When we were little, mother …………… ask us to make our beds.
a) was used b) is used to c) used to d) was being
46) I no longer sleep late as I …………… when I was still a young man.
a) am used b) am used to c) used d) used to
47) Mido …………… sleeps early as he used to when he was young.
a) used to b) is used to c) no longer d) any longer
48) It‟s time you …………… back my camera.
a) gave b) give c) is given d) was given
49) I‟d rather …………… than watch TV.
a) study b) studies c) studied d) will study
50) I‟d rather you …………….
a) study b) studies c) studied d) will study

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Present Simple
I I I
You like You you
We go We we
They They they
‫اسم جمع‬ fly ‫اسم جمع‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫اسم جمع‬ ‫مصدر‬
He likes He he
She She she
goes
It It it
‫اسم مفرد‬ flies ‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬

I live in Giza. I don‟t live in Cairo. Do you live in Giza?

He lives in Giza. He doesn‟t live in Cairo. Does he live in Giza?

always ‫دائما‬
usually / normally ‫عادة‬ I usually play tennis. Ali plays tennis.
often ‫ؼالبا‬ Tennis is played by
sometimes ‫أحٌانا‬ The sun sets in the Ali.
occasionally ‫من حٌن آلخر‬ west.
generally ‫عموما‬ Ali doesn‟t play
frequently ‫ؼالبا‬ He works in a bank. tennis.
regularly ‫بانتظام‬ Tennis isn‟t played.
hardly ever ‫بالكاد‬ I play tennis twice a
rarely / seldom ‫نادرا‬ week. Does Ali play tennis?
never ‫أبدا‬ Is tennis played?
today ‫الٌوم‬ My plane leaves at
every week / month… 10 o‟clock. Where does Ahmed
daily / weekly / yearly play tennis?
once / twice / three times If you study hard, Where is tennis
on Saturday morning you‟ll succeed. played?

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1. Healways comes early. = He is always early.

2. We are always helpful. = We always help each other.

3. A: Do you help your mother with the housework?

B: Yes, I usually do.

1. Every day, he logs on the internet.

2. Usually, I complete my reports at home.

1. I rarely go to bed late. (NOT: I rarely don’t go …)

1. Nora never comes late. ( = Nora doesn’t come late.)

after when whenever till / until

as soon as before the moment if / whether
once by the time while unless
1. When everyone arrives, the meeting will start.
2. I‟ll go to bed as soon as the film ends.
3. I won‟t go out until I finish my work.
4. I‟m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.
5. I‟m learning Greek when I go to Greece.

someone ‫شخص ما‬ everyone ‫كل شخص‬ no one ‫أحـد‬

َ ‫ال‬ anyone ‫أحـد‬
َ ‫أى‬
somebody ‫شخص ما‬ everybody‫كل شخص‬ nobody ‫أحـد‬ َ ‫ال‬ anybody ‫أحـد‬
َ ‫أى‬
somewhere ‫مكان ما‬ everywhere ‫كل مكان‬ nowhere ‫وال مكان‬ anywhere ‫أى مكان‬
something ‫شيء ما‬ everything ‫كل شيء‬ nothing ‫ال شيء‬ anything ‫أى شيء‬

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1. It is noisy here. Everyone talking.
2. Everybody where I live.
3. I hope someone going to fix the television soon.
4. anybody care for a cheese sandwich?
5. No one people who are rude.
6. Nobody in my class interested in football.
7. There nothing interesting on TV tonight.

I am am not Am I
He he
She is ‫اسم‬ Is she ‫اسم‬
isn‟t
It ‫صفة‬ it ‫صفة‬
You ‫حرؾ جر‬+‫مكان‬ you ‫حرؾ جر‬+‫مكان‬
We are Are we
aren‟t
They they
1. I am a teacher. 3. Are they at school?
2. Tom isn‟t Egyptian. 4. Where are you from?

I I
You You
have don‟t Do
We We
They have ‫اسم‬ They have +‫اسم‬
He He
She has doesn‟t Does She
It It
1. We have five senses. 3. Does Ali have lunch at home?
2. She doesn‟t have a car. 4. When do you have science?

1. Ido know the correct answer.

2. He does get up early every day.

1. Never does Ali go to bed late. (= Ali never goes to bed late.)

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1) The moon …………… the Earth.

a) orbit b) orbits c) orbited d) is orbiting
2) The earth …………… around the sun.
a) is going b) went c) go d) goes
3) My sister usually …………… to school every day.
a) walk b) walking c) walks d) don’t walk
4) I often …………… television in the evening.
a) watch b) watching c) watches d) will watch
5) He sometimes …………… on radio and television.
a) speaking b) will speak c) speak d) speaks
6) This is my mobile. It …………… to me.
a) belong b) belongs c) don’t belong d) doesn’t belong
7) Hamid …………… in a house near Cairo.
a) live b) lives c) have lived d) living
8) Hany never …………… lies
a) tells b) telling c) tell d) has told
9) She …………… in Kenya, doesn't she?
a) live b) lived c) doesn’t live d) lives
10) …………… Mohamed Salah play for Liverpool?
a) Is b) Do c) Does d) Are
11) How often …………… fruit and vegetables?
a) are you eating b) you are eating c) do you eat d) you eat
12) What time ……………?
a) begins the film b) does begin the film
c) does the film begin d) the film begins
13) He rarely comes to school late, he …………… comes early.
a) never b) hardly c) often d) rarely
14) He …………… gets up early. He is always late.
a) doesn’t b) never c) didn’t d) won’t
15) He …………… away two or three times a year.
a) is going usually b) is usually going
c) usually goes d) goes usually
16) I go home after I …………… work.
a) finishes b) finished c) finish d) will finish

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17) I am always careful when I …………… my shopping online.
a) doing b) did c) do d) will do
18) I always do my homework before I …………… television.
a) am watching b) watches c) watched d) watch
19) The boss must revise any email before it……………
a) sent b) is sent c) was sent d) being sent
20) The first lesson …………… at 8.15.
a) start b) starts c) will start d) is starting
21) Clouds …………… by the wind.
a) blow b) is blown c) are blown d) are blowing
22) A lot of the world‟s coffee …………… in Brazil.
a) is making b) is made c) makes d) are made
23) Some trees …………… naturally in different parts of the world.
a) are grown b) are growing c) grow d) grew
24) Trees ……… in our town to make it beautiful and to purify the air.
a) grow b) are grown c) grew d) have grown
25) The young men …………… to be field biologists.
a) teaches b) are taught c) is taught d) teach
26) Local people …………… jobs.
a) give b) gives c) is given d) are given
27) The community …………… to look after the lions.
a) is encouraged b) encourage c) encouraging d) encourages
28) Lions …………… as much as in the past.
a) hunts b) is not hunted c) are not hunt d) are not hunted
29) Money …………… into the area by tourists.
a) are brought b) is brought c) brings d) bring
30) Lion Guardians …………… in other countries
a) are need b) are needed c) need d) needs
31) The information …………… to the cattle farmers who can then
protect their animals.
a) send b) sends c) are sent d) is sent
32) Dr Leelah Hazzah …………… as an important conservationist by
many people.
a) see b) sees c) is seen d) are seen
33) It …………… that there are only 20,000 lions in Africa.
a) estimate b) is estimated c) estimates d) are estimated

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34) The Lion Guardians organisation …………… in Kenya.
a) locates b) locate c) is located d) are located
35) The flowers …………… by our gardener who is very active.
a) are usually watered b) usually water
c) usually are watered d) have usually watered
36) He is used to …………… at night.
a) study b) studies c) studied d) studying
37) I …………… going to school by bus
a) used to b) am used c) am used to d) didn’t use to
38) The playground …………… by all the children in the school.
a) used b) is used c) use d) is using
39) She used to wear black clothes. It means she usually ……………
them.
a) wears b) wore c) worn d) wearing
40) He usually …………… very quickly, so we don‟t understand him.
a) speaks b) spoke c) was spoken d) speak
41) He usually …………… very quickly, so we didn‟t understand him.
a) speaks b) speak c) was spoken d) spoke
42) When Salma read a story, she …………… interested in its moral.
a) is usually b) was usually c) usually is d) usually was
43) As a school boy, my uncle always …………… to school on foot.
a) gone b) goes c) went d) will go
44) People …………… that Chinese is difficult to learn.
a) says b) say c) is said d) are said
45) …………… that Chinese is difficult to learn.
a) It is said b) People are said c) People says d) It say
46) …………… to be difficult to learn.
a) It is says b) It says c) People say d) Chinese is said
47) They …………… that food prices increased.
a) report b) reports c) is reported d) are reported
48) It …………… that food prices increased.
a) reporting b) report c) is reported d) are reported
49) Food prices are reported …………….
a) to increase b) that increased c) they increased d) to have increased
50) Ten people …………… to have been injured in the crash.
a) had reported b) have reported c) were reported d) were reporting

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1) Water …………… at zero degrees Celsius.

a) freezes b) freeze c) froze d) is freezing
2) I usually …………… to school by bus.
a) is going b) goes c) going d) go
3) The TV presenter …………… to her viewers in a very friendly way.
a) talk b) talking c) talks d) are talking
4) He often …………… in science magazines.
a) write b) writes c) writing d) have written
5) My brother …………… a lot of money from his job as a pilot.
a) going to earn b) earn c) earns d) earning
6) Ali always …………… to school by bus.
a) comes b) will come c) coming d) come
7) Plants …………… better in soil than in sand.
a) has grown b) had grown c) grows d) grow
8) You must try this dessert. It …………… delicious.
a) is tasted b) is tasting c) tastes d) tasting
9) It rarely …………… in the Western Desert.
a) rain b) rains c) rained d) is raining
10) A: …………… your parents usually donate blood? B: Yes, they do.
a) Do b) Did c) Are d) When
11) How often …………… your parents?
a) did you see b) do you see c) have you seen d) are you seeing
12) It …………… sunny in my country.
a) is usually b) usually is c) are usually d) usually are
13) We …………… our parent when they are busy.
a) always helps b) helps always c) always help d) help always
14) I …………… my grandparents at the weekend.
a) see often b) often see c) sees often d) often see
15) After Jack …………… London, he will send us an email.
a) reaches b) reached c) reach d) will reach
16) Don‟t open the door until I …………… you.
a) told b) had told c) tell d) was told
17) I‟ll phone you as soon as I …………… my work.
a) finishes b) finish c) will finish d) had finish

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18) The meeting will start when everyone …………….
a) will arrive b) is arriving c) arrive d) arrives
19) According to the timetable, the train …………… at 11 o‟clock.
a) is arriving b) arrives c) had arrived d) is going to arrive
20) The lions …………… every day by the Maasai men.
a) follow b) is followed c) are follow d) are followed
21) The Maasai …………… how to protect their cattle from lions.
a) teaches b) are taught c) taught d) teach
22) Fewer lions …………… today than in the past.
a) kill b) is killed c) are killed d) are kill
23) The Maasai houses …………… by the women of the tribe.
a) are built b) build c) is built d) built
24) Lions in Kenya …………… by the Lion Guardians program.
a) protect b) is protected c) are protected d) protected
25) Volunteers …………… for their work.
a) pay b) are not paid c) is not paid d) are not pay
26) Many of turtles …………… by birds or flooded.
a) taken b) take c) are taken d) is taken
27) Smart cards …………… everywhere nowadays.
a) use b) are used c) are using d) uses
28) The local people benefit when lions ……………
a) is protected b) isn’t protected c) are protected d) protects
29) The students in our school …………… to work in pairs for some
activities.
a) encourage b) are encourage
c) is encouraged d) are encouraged
30) The cattle …………… food by the farmers in the winter.
a) give b) is giving c) gives d) are given
31) Thousands of photographs …………… of the pyramids every day.
a) taken b) is taken c) are took d) are taken
32) Egyptian children …………… English from an early age.
a) teaches b) are taught c) taught d) teach
33) The organisation …………… in France.
a) is base b) bases c) base d) is based
34) Egyptian cotton clothes …………… all over the world.
a) are selling b) sell c) are sold d) sold

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35) The cattle …………… by lions every day.
a) attack b) attacks c) are attack d) are attacked
36) The Suez Canal …………… by about 50 ships a day.
a) use b) uses c) is used d) is using
37) The Pyramids …………… by millions of tourists every year.
a) visit b) visits c) are visited d) visited
38) Dams …………… so that factories can have clean electricity.
a) need b) needs c) needed d) are needed
39) Today, ships …………… over the dams using special lifts.
a) are carried b) carries c) carry d) carried
40) English …………… in many Egyptian secondary schools.
a) teach b) teaches c) is taught d) taught
41) My homework …………… before I watch TV.
a) always does b) is always done
c) has always done d) always is done
42) It is her habit to sleep late. She …………… this.
a) used to b) is used to c) is used d) didn’t use to
43) A: Why are you so tired?
B: Because I …………… to getting up early in the morning.
a) am used b) used c) am not used d) didn’t use
44) When Mariam was young, she used to …………… in London.
a) lives b) living c) lived d) live
45) My father …………… to be a teacher, but now he has retired.
a) used b) got used c) is used d) isn’t used
46) She …………… the news every morning. It is a habit of hers.
a) is reading b) has read c) read d) reads
47) She …………… the news every morning. It was a habit of hers.
a) is reading b) has read c) read d) reads
48) I‟d call you if I …………… any news.
a) had b) am had c) have d) was had
49) I …………… ready to take the exam, so I postponed it.
a) didn’t be b) don’t be c) wasn’t d) was
50) He got into the car and …………… down the road.
a) drive b) drove c) drives d) is driving

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The Present Perfect Simple

I I I
You You You
have
We We haven‟t Have We
They ‟ve They They
‫اسم جمع‬ P.P ‫اسم جمع‬ P.P ‫ اسم جمع‬P.P
He He he
She has She she
hasn‟t Has
It ‟s It it
‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬ ‫اسم مفرد‬
I‟ve washed my car. I haven‟t talked to Ali. Have you called Ali?
Ali has gone out. Ali hasn‟t met me. Has Ali met an actor?

ever ‫من قبل‬

never ‫أبدا‬ He has played tennis.
just ‫توا‬ Tennis has been
already ‫بالفعل‬ played.
since ‫منذ‬
for ‫لمدة‬ He has not played
yet ‫حتى اآلن‬ tennis.
so far ‫حتى اآلن‬ Tennis hasn‟t been
until now ‫حتى اآلن‬ played.
up till now ‫حتى اآلن‬
up to now ‫حتى اآلن‬ Has he played tennis?
today ‫الٌوم‬ Has tennis been
this week… ‫هذا األسبوع‬ played?
recently ‫حدٌثا‬
lately ‫مؤخرا‬ Where have they
before ‫من قبل‬ played tennis?
how long ‫كم طول المدة‬ Where has tennis
still )ً‫مازال (فً النف‬ been played?

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‫ُيستخدم المضارع التام البسيط‬

1. I‟ve lived in Qena since 2001.

2. I‟ve lived there since I was a child.
3. I‟ve written stories for as long as I can remember.

1. The dog has spilt the milk. (The floor is dirty.)

2. I‟ve lost my key. I can‟t open the door. (The key is still lost now.)
3. The garden is dirty because people have left litter everywhere.

1. Our cat has caught lots of mice. (We don’t know when.)
2. He has travelled to London.

1. He has just gone out.

= He went out a short time ago / a moment ago.

1. She has never played tennis.

2. I‟ve already travelled to London, but I haven‟t visited Paris yet.

1. Have you enjoyed today‟s lesson? Yes, I‟ve had a great time.
2. Have you ever been to Aswan? No, I‟ve never been there.
3. My parents have done many exciting things in their lives.
4. My grandmother has never visited another country.
5. It‟s the first time I have ever spent the summer holiday abroad.
6. Laila has enjoyed reading (ever) since she was very young.

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1. He has written two letters this morning. (It is still morning.)

2. She has taken fifteen pictures today.
(The time period – today – is not over yet. She may take more pictures)

1. AfterAli reaches / has reached London, he will send us an email.

2. I won‟t call you until I know / have known the latest news.

1. Have you ever read any books by English writers?

2. This is the most expensive suit I‟ve ever bought.
3. This is the easiest job I have ever had.
= I have never had such an easy job.
4. Nothing like this has ever happened to me.

5. This is the first time that I have (ever) done voluntary work.
= This is the first time for me to do voluntary work.
6. It is only the second time he has (ever) been in Egypt.
7. This is the only book he has (ever) written.

1. I have never heard that singer. = I haven’t ever heard that singer.
= Never have I heard that singer. ( Never + have + ‫ فاعل‬+ p.p )
2. I have never bought a faster car than Peugeot.
3. I have never bought such an expensive suit.
4. I have never known a boy as clever as Ali.
5. My brother has never driven a car before.

1. She has just (now) left the building.

= She left the building a short time ago / a moment ago.
= She left the building just now.
2. Hello, have you just arrived?

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1. I‟vealready seen that movie, so I don‟t want to see it again.

2. Leila has finished her homework already. She is amazing.
3. Have you already seen this film?
4. Surely he hasn‟t finished his tea already! It was really hot.

1. He‟s lived in London since 2010. (since + a point in time)

= He began living / to live in London twelve years ago.

2. I haven‟t lived in Alexandria since 2015.

= I (last) lived there ( in 2015 / seven years ago.)
= The last time I lived there was ( in 2015 / seven years ago.)

3. He hasn‟t called since he left school. (since + ‫) جملة ماضً بسٌط مثبت‬
= He last called when he left school.
Has he written since he left home?

4.

It has been a long time since we saw him. (American English)

It is a long time since we saw him. (British English)

5.

It‟s three years since I (last) met Ali. ( = … since meeting Ali.)
= I haven’t met Ali for three years.
= I met Ali three years ago.
It‟s three years since I have met Ali.

6. I have changed my mind since then. (adv.)

He had an accident last year and has been off work ever since.
(adv.)
7. I‟ve met a lot of people since I‟ve worked for this company.

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1. I have played football for three years.

= I started playing / to play football three years ago.
2. I haven‟t seen him for three years.
= I (last) saw him three years ago.
= The last time I saw him was three years ago.
= It’s three years since I (last) saw him.
= It’s three years since I have seen him.

3. We have been here (for) an hour. (We are still here.)

4. They have been married (for) ten years. (They are still married.)

5. We have waited all day. (We are still waiting.)

6. He has lived here all his life. (He still lives here.)

yesterday - 1995 - Monday - January - a minute - an hour - half an hour - 3

winter – lunchtime - dinner - sunset - days - 3 nights - a week - several weeks
that time - then - 7 o'clock - last week / - 2 months - a year - 2 decades - a
night - the last meeting / visit / match - century - ages - a while - the last week /
this morning - the age of … - 19th month - the last 30 minutes - the past
century - his childhood - He was a hour - a long time - a short time - more
child. - his birth - his retirement - his than … – over a year – ever – as long
departure – the beginning of this year as I can remember ……
– school days – high school ……… s ‫ أو ما انتهى بـ‬a, an, the ‫تأتي مع كل ما بدأ بـ‬

1. Tarek is still waiting for the bus because it hasn‟t arrived yet.
2. Mum hasn‟t finished cooking lunch yet. (= She is still cooking lunch.)
3. Have you finished cleaning your room yet?
4. Have you done the homework? – Not yet.
5. We have not yet reached a decision on the matter.

They mean at any time during the last week, month, etc.
1. Have you read anything interesting lately / recently?
2. It hasn‟t rained lately / recently.

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It means at some undefined time during the last week, month, etc.
1. I have read an interesting book recently.

1. I have been an English teacher for ten years.

2. He had an accident. He has been ill since that time.
3. I haven‟t been able to do gymnastics since then.

4. She‟s been to the supermarket.

(She went there earlier and she is back; she has returned.)

1. She‟s gone to the supermarket.

(She went there earlier and she is still there.)

1. He has been in Aswan for a week. (He is in Aswan now.)

 in the last few (days)  all my life  over the years

 all day / night…  all the time  throughout ages

1. He worked in Cairo for ten years. (He’s not working there now.)
2. He has worked in Cairo for ten years. (He’s still working there.)
Extra Examples
1. I have met a lot of people in the last few days.
2. So far, I have written three mails.
3. Everything is going well. We haven‟t had any problems so far.
4. I have met a lot of people up till now.
5. I think I‟ve seen this film before.
6. I have never read such a good book before.
7. Have you ever been here before?
8. Our bus still hasn‟t arrived. It‟s too late.

.9

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1) He …………… in London in 2016.

a) lives b) live c) has lived d) lived
2) I …………… some of Charles Dickens‟ books last year.
a) read b) reads c) have read d) has read
3) Aya studied English for years and she …………… David
Copperfield then.
a) has read b) have read c) read d) reads
4) Marwan‟s family …………… to Mansoura when he was seven.
a) move b) moved c) have moved d) moves
5) I haven‟t gone to the zoo since I …………… a child.
a) was b) have been c) has been d) am
6) How many books …………… last year?
a) do you read b) have you read c) did you read d) will you read
7) …………… a lot of sweets when you were a child?
a) Did you eat b) Had you eaten c) Have you eaten d) Do you eat
8) I …………… never travelled outside my country.
a) has b) have c) am d) was
9) My father hasn‟t …………… reading the newspapers yet.
a) finish b) finishing c) had finished d) finished
10) I‟ve just …………… my first vegetables.
a) grown b) grew c) growing d) grow
11) This is the tallest girl I‟ve …………… seen.
a) never b) over c) ever d) since
12) I‟ve lived in Qena …………… 2001.
a) since b) for c) yet d) already
13) My sister hasn‟t read David Copperfield …………… high school.
a) for b) since c) yet d) already
14) Adam‟s parents have lived in the same house …………… 25 years.
a) for b) since c) when d) ago
15) Have you done the homework? – Not …………….
a) yet b) already c) never d) since
16) I …………… finished my homework, so we can go to the park.
a) just have b) just has c) has just d) have just
17) Have you done your work alone ……………? I can‟t believe it.
a) yet b) already c) ever d) just

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18) Ali has already travelled to London, but he …………… Paris yet.
a) visited b) haven’t visited c) hasn’t visited d) has visited
19) Have you enjoyed today‟s lesson? Yes, I …………… a great time.
a) have b) have had c) having d) has had
20) …………… been to Aswan? No, I‟ve never been there.
a) You have ever b) Have you ever c) He has ever d) Has he ever
21) My parents …………… many exciting things in their lives.
a) does b) has done c) done d) have done
22) I …………… my friend since September.
a) didn’t see b) hadn’t seen c) haven’t seen d) wasn’t seen
23) My uncle …………… in Benha since his childhood.
a) stay b) stayed c) have stayed d) has stayed
24) Mona …………… in this house since she was two.
a) live b) lived c) has lived d) have lived
25) He …………… in Australia since 1989.
a) has lived b) lived c) lived d) have lived
26) Ola …………… reading ever since she was very young.
a) enjoy b) has enjoyed c) enjoyed d) have enjoyed
27) I haven‟t caught a fish since I …………… in the village.
a) be b) was c) were d) been
28) The manager has met many people since he ………… at his office.
a) has arrived b) will arrive c) is arriving d) arrived
29) Tarek is still waiting for the bus because it …………… yet.
a) doesn’t arrive b) hasn’t arrived c) haven’t arrived d) has arrived
30) Sara …………… a book by Charles Dickens, but she wants to.
a) has never read b) never has read c) have never read d) never have read
31) It‟s the first time I …………… voluntary work.
a) has never done b) has ever done c) have never done d) have ever done
32) I am over the moon; I …………… my final exam.
a) pass b) have passed c) has passed d) haven’t passed
33) Ali is very tired today because he …………… to bed late all week.
a) had gone b) have gone c) has gone d) hasn’t gone
34) Kamal can‟t play football because he …………… his leg.
a) will break b) had broken c) have broken d) has broken
35) I don‟t think the food …………… cooked yet.
a) has been b) had been c) was d) will be

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36) One of our classroom windows …………… by a naught student.
a) been already broken b) have already broken
c) has already been broken d) have already been broken
37) Amira …………… to the supermarket. She came back.
a) have been b) has been c) have gone d) has gone
38) Hesham …………… to Paris. He‟s studying physics there.
a) has gone b) has been c) has worked d) has done
39) I …………… here for ten months now.
a) was b) had been c) have been d) will be
40) Mai has lost her passport again. It‟s the second time this ………….
a) has happened b) happens c) happened d) is happening
41) It …………… easy to move here. Prices are higher.
a) hasn‟t been b) has been c) hasn‟t d) has
42) The clock …………… precise time for at least ten years.
a) keeps b) has kept c) still keeps d) keeping
43) I …………… my homework, so let‟s go to the park!
a) just have finished b) just has finished
c) have just finished d) has just finished
44) Maryam …………… to Aswan.
a) been never b) has never been c) never has been d) has been never
45) I …………… in Qena for years. I don‟t live in Qena now.
a) live b) lived c) have lived d) lives
46) I …………… in Qena for years. I live in Qena now.
a) live b) lived c) have lived d) lives
47) I …………… David Copperfield. I haven‟t finished reading it.
a) am reading b) have just read c) reading d) reads
48) I ………… David Copperfield. I finished reading it a short time ago.
a) am reading b) have just read c) reading d) reads
49) Hatim …………… as a taxi driver for 5 years. Now, he is a worker
in a factory.
a) works b) worked c) has worked d) have worked
50) You‟re out of breath. ……………?
a) Are you running b) Have you run
c) Have you been running d) Do you run

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1) Judy …………… to Shubra El Kheima last week.

a) travel b) travels c) travelled d) has travelled
2) Imad and Kamal …………… that song for the first time in 2018.
a) have heard b) heard c) hears d) hear
3) The pharaohs ………… a great civilization thousands of years ago.
a) make b) has made c) have made d) made
4) In 1800, two percent of the world‟s population …………… in cities.
a) lived b) has lived c) have lived d) live
5) He last went on holiday …………… he was still a child.
a) for b) when c) since d) after
6) …………… a car when you were living in London?
a) Had you b) Have you had c) Did you have d) Were you having
7) He is the tallest man I …………… ever seen.
a) am b) was c) had d) have
8) …………… you enjoyed your time in the museum?
a) Do b) Have c) Did d) Are
9) I‟ve …………… here since January and I‟ve really taken to it.
a) be b) being c) been d) was
10) My father has never …………… to go to hospital.
a) need b) needed c) needing d) needs
11) I‟ve lived in Qena …………… I was a child.
a) for b) already c) ago d) since
12) Sadly, my uncle has been ill …………… he was a young man.
a) for b) when c) since d) ago
13) He has worked in this school …………… more than twenty years.
a) since b) in c) for d) at
14) My uncle has stayed abroad …………… years.
a) since b) just c) already d) for
15) I haven‟t bought the new car …………….
a) just b) ever c) yet d) since
16) Noha has …………… cleaned her room. It looks nice now.
a) already b) yet c) never d) ever
17) Ali and Taha …………… many books.
a) has read b) have read c) reads d) reading
18) I …………… this book many times.
a) have read b) am reading c) has read d) reads

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19) I lived in Alexandria in 2015. This means that I …………… there
since 2015.
a) hasn’t lived b) wasn’t lived c) have lived d) haven’t lived
20) Malak …………… two glasses of orange juice today and it‟s only
10 o'clock.
a) drink b) has drunk c) drank d) have drunk
21) Where …………… since the bell rang?
a) were you b) have you been c) had you been d) will you be
22) I …………… Tamer since 1970.
a) didn’t see b) don’t see c) wasn’t seen d) haven’t seen
23) He …………… ill since he went to Cairo.
a) was b) has been c) had been d) is being
24) My father …………… a camera since he was a boy.
a) has b) had c) having d) has had
25) We …………… each other since we were at school.
a) have been knowing b) have known
c) known d) had known
26) Have you ever been to Aswan? Oh! Yes, I …………… there in 2010.
a) go b) was c) have been d) have gone
27) It‟s two years …………… Joe.
a) that I don’t see b) that I haven’t seen
c) since I didn’t see d) since I last saw
28) My father …………… in a bank for 15 years.
a) works b) has worked c) have worked d) is worked
29) It‟s the first time I …………… the temple of Philae.
a) has never seen b) have ever seen c) have never seen d) has ever seen
30) It …………… easy moving here.
a) hasn’t been b) be c) been d) haven’t been
31) The streets are full of sand because there …………… a sandstorm
in the night.
a) have been b) has been c) was d) were
32) Reem can‟t get into her house because she …………… her key at
school.
a) had left b) has left c) have left d) will leave
33) I can‟t go shopping with you now because I …………… my
homework yet.
a) didn’t finished b) am finishing c) was finishing d) haven’t finished

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34) Nabila can‟t see very well because her glasses …………….
a) has lost b) have lost c) has been lost d) have been lost
35) Why are you late, Sami? – Sorry, I …………… to the library.
a) was b) have been c) have gone d) been
36) My uncle ………... to Paris recently. He will come back next month.
a) had been b) has been c) was going d) has gone
37) Jim is on holiday. He …………… to Italy.
a) has gone b) is gone c) has been d) have been
38) Samir …………… nothing to drink all morning. That‟s why he is
thirsty.
a) hasn’t had b) has had c) hadn’t had d) didn’t have
39) I …………… Brazil twice up till now.
a) was visited b) visited c) have visited d) am visiting
40) When I …………… the report, I will send you an e-mail.
a) finished b) had finished c) finishes d) have finished
41) Ali ………… squash for ten years. That‟s why he‟s very good at it.
a) plays b) was playing c) has played d) did play
42) I‟m excited because this is the first time I …………… the zoo.
a) visited b) was visiting
c) have ever visited d) have never visited
43) The train ……………. Only 5 minutes ago.
a) has just left b) was just leaving c) is just leaving d) will just leave
44) Everything is going well. We …………… any problems so far.
a) didn’t have b) don’t have c) haven’t had d) doesn’t have
45) Since you ……… your homework, you won‟t be allowed to go out.
a) haven’t done b) hadn’t done c) didn’t do d) had done
46) Amal …………… in Cairo for two years. She is still staying there.
a) is stayed b) stayed c) have stayed d) has stayed
47) Amal …………… in Cairo two years ago. Her stay ended.
a) stays b) stayed c) have stayed d) has stayed
48) Hoda …………… in Luxor for eight years. She still lives there.
a) live b) lives c) has lived d) have lived
49) My uncle ………… in this factory for years. He retired a year ago.
a) works b) has worked c) is working d) worked
50) He …………… for a job for a long time but hasn‟t found one yet.
a) was searched b) is searched
c) has been searching d) was searching

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‫أدوات النكرة والمعرفة‬

‫ أدوات نكرة‬a, an ‫) ُتسمى‬1
‫ قبل اسم مفرد ٌُعد ٌبدأ بصوت ساكن‬a ‫) ُتستخدم‬2
– a ruler – a hospital – a blue coat – a wide street

‫ قبل اسم مفرد ٌُعد ٌبدأ بحرؾ متحرك له صوت ساكن‬a ‫) ُتستخدم‬3
– a university – a unit – a European vacation
– a uniform – a useful book – a one-way street
– a union – a ewe /juː/ ‫نعجة‬ – a one-star hotel

‫ قبل اسم مفرد ٌُعد ٌبدأ بصوت متحرك‬an ‫) ُتستخدم‬4

– an accident – an island – an umbrella – an SMS
– an exhibition – an office – an only child – an MP3 player

‫ قبل اسم مفرد ٌُعد ٌبدأ بحرؾ ساكن ال ٌُنطق ٌلٌه صوت متحرك‬an ‫) ُتستخدم‬5
– an hour – an honest man

) ‫ أداة معرفة وتستخدم مع جمٌع االسماء ( مفرد أو جمع – ٌُعد أو ال ٌُعد‬the ‫) ُتسمى‬6

) ‫ معروؾ للقارئ أو للمستمع‬: ‫ قبل االسم لتحدٌد ما تقصده ( اسم ُم َحدَّد‬the ‫) توضع‬7
1) I‟ve
been to the doctor. ( You know which one: my doctor. )
2) Have you fed the hens? ( You know which ones I mean. )
3) Could you pass the salt? ( You can see the salt that I want. )

-: )‫) عندما ال تستطٌع تحدٌد ما تقصده (اسم ؼٌر ُم َحدَّ د‬8

‫ال تضع أي أداة قبل اسم جمع أو اسم ال ٌُعد‬ ‫ قبل اسم مفرد ٌُعد‬a, an ‫ضع‬
- She‟s afraid of rats. - There‟s a rat in the kitchen!
- I need help. - I need an envelope.

- The difference between a / an and the is like the difference

NOTE between someone, something and a personal pronoun.

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‫ في الحاالت التالية‬a / an ‫تُستخدم‬

) ‫) قبل اسم مفرد ٌُعد ٌُ ْذ َكر ألول مرة ( ال ٌُ َم ِّثل شخص أو شًء ُمحدد‬1
1) Her father has just bought a new car.
2) When Ali visited Thailand, he had a ride on an elephant.

)‫) قبل وظائؾ األشخاص وعند تعرٌؾ االسماء وعند توضٌح إستخدام األشٌاء (تصنٌؾ‬2
1) I‟d like to be a civil engineer or an archaeologist.
2) A doctor is someone whose job is to treat patients.
3) A glider is a plane with no engine. ‫طائرة شراعٌة‬
4) Don‟t use your plate as an ashtray. ‫طفاٌة سجاٌر‬

‫) عند اإلشارة الى شخص من بٌن العدٌد من األشخاص أو شًء من بٌن العدٌد من األشٌاء‬3
1) My uncle and aunt live in a flat in the town centre.
2) I usually have an egg for breakfast.

)‫) قبل اسم مفرد عند الحدٌث عنه بشكل عام (لإلشارة الى شخص أو شًء ؼٌر ُمحدد‬4
1) A child needs love. ( any child )
2) I‟d like to read an exciting story. ( any exciting story )
3) Is there a pen? ( any pen )

‫ وأسالٌب التعجب‬, )‫) عند وصؾ االسماء (قبل الصفة التً ٌتبعها اسم مفرد ٌُعد‬5
1) That was a lovely evening. - He has got a friendly face.
2) What a foolish crow! ( BUT: What foolish crows! )
3) Such an interesting story! ( BUT: Such interesting stories! )

‫) قبل التعبٌرات العددٌة وأدوات التجزئة‬6

– a thousand of – a couple of – a dozen of – a great many of
– a pair of – a half of – a fifth of – a great deal of

‫ وتكرار الحدث مع الوقت‬, ‫ والمسافة مع السرعة والوقود‬, ‫) عند توضٌح عالقة السعر مع الوزن‬7
– ten pounds a kilo – 80km an hour – twice a week

‫) قبل بعض األمراض‬8

– a cold – a fever – a toothache – a sore throat – a headache

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‫ في الحاالت التالية‬a / an ‫ال تُستخدم‬

‫ واالسماء المعنوٌة‬, ‫ و االسم الذي ال ٌُعد‬, ‫) قبل االسم الجمع‬1
1) My parents are doctors. ( NOT: … a doctors )
2) Our garden needs water. ( NOT: … a water )
3) What‟s your idea for perfect happiness?
( this, these, my, … ) ‫) قبل اسم إشارة أو صفة ملكٌة‬2
1) He is a friend of mine. ( NOT: … a my friend )
‫) قبل الوجبات إالَّ إذا جاء قبلها صفة‬3
1) We have breakfast at eight.
2) He gave us a good breakfast.

‫ في الحاالت التالية‬the ‫تُستخدم‬

) ‫) قبل اسم فرٌد من نوعه ( ال ٌوجد منه سوى واحد فً العالم‬1
– the sun – the world – the Nobel Prize
– the moon – the universe – the Eiffel Tower
– the ( earth / ground ) – the equator – the North Pole

‫ أو ال ٌوجد منه سوى واحد فً جزء من العالم‬-

– the President – the army – the government – the Prime Minister
1) The earth goes round the sun and the moon goes round the earth.
2) Cairo is the capital of Egypt.
3) He was a sailor in the British navy.

‫ أو اسم ُمحدد‬, ‫) قبل اسم ٌُعد أو ال ٌُعد سبق ذكره ; ٌُذكر للمرة الثانٌة‬2
1) She has got two children: a boy and a girl. The boy is
fourteen and the girl is eight.
2) His father works in an office. The office is near the city centre.
3) I‟ll see the doctor tomorrow. ( my usual / own doctor )
4) Where is the CD I gave you this morning?

‫) قبل االسم المفرد لإلشارة الى نوع أو فصٌلة من الحٌوانات ولٌس حٌوان واحد ُمحدد‬3
1) The giraffe is the tallest of all animals.
( a specific type of animal, not a specific giraffe )
2) The tiger is dangerous. ( = all tigers)

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‫) قبلللل أسلللماء التلللرع والقنلللوات واألنهلللار والبحلللار والمحٌطلللات والسلللواحل والواحلللات والصللللحاري‬4
‫الج ُزر ومجموعات التِالل‬ُ ‫وسالسل الجبال (جمع) و مجموعات‬
– the Suez Canal – the Mediterranean Sea – the Sahara / Gobi
– the English Channel – the Pacific Ocean – the Alps / Himalayas
– the River Nile – the North Coast – the Bahamas Islands

BUT: Mount Everest – Mount Sinai – Lake Nasr – Lake Victoria

‫) قبل أسماء الدول التً تحتوي على والٌة أو إمارة أو مملكة أو جمهورٌة‬5
– the United States of America – The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
– the United Arab Emirates – the Arab Republic of Egypt
– the United Kingdom

play, listen to , teach, learn, practise, study ‫) قبل األدوات الموسٌقٌة إذا سبقها‬6
– the lute – the piano – the drum – the guitar

– He plays the piano. BUT: – He bought a piano.

)‫) قبل اإلختراعات واإلكتشافات واآلالت (بوجه عام‬7

– the TV – the computer – the internet
– the telephone – the femto second – the radio
– the mobile – the tablet – the bicycle

1) When was the telephone invented? (not a particular telephone)

2) The computer says the lion is a member of the family cat.
3) We heard the news on the radio.

1) -
Can you turn on the television, please? ( = the television set )
2) - We usually watch television in the evening.
BUT:
3) - I saw that film on television last night.
4) - I bought a computer yesterday.

) ‫ كلما‬... ‫) قبل العبارة الدالة على المقارنة ( صٌؽة كلما‬8

1) The more you practise, the better you get.
2) The more you eat, the fatter you become.
3) The harder you work, the higher marks you get.

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( only, same, next ) ‫) قبل صفات التفضٌل واألعداد الترتٌبٌة و‬9
1) The Nile is the longest river in the world.
2) Who was the first astronaut to walk on the moon?
3) This is the only pen I‟ve got.
4) We went to the same school.
5) He is the most respected man in the company.
‫ إذا جاء بعدها اسم‬most ‫ قبل‬the ‫ ال تضع‬-
6) Most children like cartoons.
‫‟ الملكٌة‬s ‫ من صٌؽة التفضٌل بعد األعداد الترتٌبٌة وبعد صفة الملكٌة أو‬the ‫ ُتحذؾ‬-
7) Cairo is the first largest city in Africa.
8) What is your greatest achievement?
‫‟ الملكٌة‬s ‫ من األعداد الترتٌبٌة بعد صفة الملكٌة أو‬the ‫ ُتحذؾ‬-
9) Imhotep is known as the world‟s first genius.

‫) قبل بعض الصفات التً ال ٌتبعها اسم لإلشارة الى مجموعة من الناس وتأخذ فعل جمع‬11
– poor – living – blind – homeless
– young – sick – deaf – disabled
– dead – injured – unemployed – handicapped
1) The young are usually impatient. ( = Young people are …)

‫) قبللللللل أسللللللماء السللللللنٌمات والفنللللللادق والمسللللللارف والمتللللللاحؾ والصللللللحؾ والمجللللللالت والسللللللفن‬11

‫والمنظمات والهٌئات أو المصالح العامة‬
– the Metro cinema – the Times – the environment
– the Hilton Hotel – the United Nations – the press
– the Globe Theatre – the European Union – the climate / weather
– the Cairo Museum – the Red Cross – the police

) ‫ قبل اإلختصار الذي ال ٌُنطق على شكل كلمة ( ٌُنطق حرؾ حرؾ‬the ‫ الحــظ استخدام‬-
1) the BBC /ðəˌbiː.biːˈsiː/ = the British Broadcasting Corporation
2) the USA /ðəˌjuː.esˈeɪ/ = the United States of America
‫ قبل اإلختصار الذي ٌُنطق على شكل كلمة‬the ‫ الحــظ عدم استخدام‬-
3) UNESCO /juːˈnes.kəʊ/
BUT : the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
4) NATO /ˈneɪ.təʊ/
BUT : the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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‫) قبل األماكن وال نقصد مكان ُمحدد‬12
– beach – seaside – shop – baker’s
– station – country(side) – bank – post office
– theatre – jungle – airport – city

1) We‟regoing to the cinema next week.

2) We spent the weekend in the countryside.

‫) قبل فترات الٌوم والزمن‬13

-in / during the morning -in / during the evening -in / during the night
-in / during the afternoon -in / during the day -the future

– at noon – at midnight – by day

BUT
– at night – at 4 o‟clock – by night

‫) قبل اسم ٌتبعه عبارة وصل‬14

1) This is the player who scored the famous goal.
2) This is the book (which) I bought yesterday.

- Do you have a dictionary that I can borrow? (any dictionary)

BUT
- Ali told me about a man who can eat glass. (one of the men)

‫ ; بعللللللض االسللللللماء ُتسللللللتخدم فللللللً الصللللللٌؽة التالٌللللللة‬of ‫لللللرؾ بحللللللرؾ الجللللللر‬

َّ ‫) قبللللللل اسللللللم ُم َعل‬15
‫ ومنها‬, ‫ لإلشارة الى شًء ُمحدد‬the … of …
back, beginning, bottom, end, middle, side, top

– the history of Egypt – the university of Cairo – the Museum of

– the Statue of Liberty – the Great Wall of China Modern Art
1) The roof of the house was blown off in the storm.
2) He heard the sound of the train.
3) In the middle of his speech, he fainted.
4) They camped at the edge of the crater.‫فوهة بركان‬

‫) قبل األلقاب الؽٌر متبوعة باسم شخص‬16

– the King – the Prince – the President
– the Queen – the Princess – the Professor
‫ قبل األلقاب المتبوعة باسم شخص‬the ‫ ال تضع‬-
– King Ramses – Queen Victoria – Professor Zewail

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‫) قبل العدد الذي ٌدل على فترة عشر سنوات‬17
– the fifties ‫الخمسٌنٌات‬ – the nineties ‫التسعٌنٌات‬

‫صور التارٌخٌة‬
ُ ‫) قبل األحداث وال ُع‬18
– the Greek Revolution – the Stone Age
– the Second World War – the Middle Ages

BUT : World War II

‫) قبل الكتب المقدسة‬19

– the Koran – the Bible

‫) قبل الجنسٌات‬21
–sh –ch –ese –s
– the English – the French – the Sudanese – the Egyptians
– the British – the Dutch – the Chinese – the Arabs
– the Spanish – the Japanese – the Germans
BUT BUT BUT BUT
– an Englishman – a Frenchman – a Japanese – an Egyptian
– an British woman – a Dutch woman – a Chinese – a Russian

‫) قبل اإلتجاهات وبعض األقالٌم‬21

– in / to the north (of France) – the Eastern part of
– in / to the south (of Spain) – the Western edge of
– in / to the east (of France) – the Middle East
– in / to the west (of Canada) – the Far East

– northern France – Eastern Europe

BUT
– southern Spain – western Canada

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‫ في الحاالت التالية‬the ‫ال تستخدم‬

‫) قبل االسم الجمع عندما نتحدث عنه بوجه عام‬1
1) Women usually live longer than men.
2) Oranges are good for you.
3) Scientists have to study hard.
4) Trees don‟t grow without water.
‫ قبل االسم الجمع عند تخصٌصه‬the ‫ لكن الحظ وجود‬-
5) The people in my street are very friendly.
6) Look at the oranges on that tree.

– ‫) قبلللل اسلللم ال ٌُعلللد عنلللدما نتحلللدث عنللله بوجللله علللام ( أطعملللة ومشلللروبات – ملللواد خلللام – أنشلللطة‬2
) ‫ألعاب رٌاضٌة – أسماء معنوٌة – مواد دراسٌة – لُؽات‬
1) Milk is good for you.
2) Oil is used to make plastic.
3) Smoking is bad for your health.
4) Football is a very popular game.
5) Democracy is a system of government.
6) Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literature.
7) I want to study science and technology.
8) English is the world‟s most widely used language.
‫ بعض االسماء المعنوٌة‬-
– happiness – truth – beauty – wisdom – democracy
– sadness – honour – love – sorrow – freedom
language ‫ وقبل اللؽة عندما ٌأتً بعدها كلمة‬, ‫ عند التخصٌص‬the ‫ لكن الحظ وجود‬-
9) The success rate for this operation is very low.
10) The French language is easy to learn.

‫) قبل الوجبات عندما نتحدث عنها بوجه عام‬3

1) Iusually have breakfast at 7 o‟clock.
‫ قبل الوجبات عند التخصٌص‬the ‫ لكن الحظ وجود‬-
2) Are you coming to the dinner we are having at the restaurant
tomorrow?
‫) قبل اسم علم وقبل األٌام والشهور واأللوان واألعٌاد‬4
1) Tom got two weeks off school at Christmas.
2) April is my favourite month.
3) He likes red. BUT: He bought a red car on Friday.

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‫) قبل األماكن التالٌة إذا كانت ُتستخدم للؽرض األساسً منها‬5
– school – university – hospital – court – mosque
– college – bed – market – prison – church
1) Nada went to school. ( a student )
2) Her father went to the school to meet the headmaster. ( a visitor )

NOTE : We say ( be in or at school, college, etc…… )

BUT: ( be in prison / jail )

3) What did you learn at / in school today?

4) Tom‟s brother is in prison.

‫) قبلللل أسلللماء الشلللوارع والمٌلللادٌن والملللدن واللللدول والقلللارات والحلللدائق العاملللة ومحطلللات القطلللارات‬6
‫الجزر المفردة والبحٌرات‬ ُ ‫والكباري والجبال و‬
– Orabi Street – Cairo – Elzhoor Park – Everest
– Tahrir Square – Egypt – Banha Station – Tahiti / Sicily
– Luxor – Africa – October Bridge – Lake Nasr

– the Vatican City – the Ivory Coast – the Netherlands

BUT :
– the Congo – the Stanly Bridge – the Philippines

(Longman) ‫ بعد أن حصلت على إستقاللها‬the ‫ الحظ أنه لم ٌعد ُتسبق البالد التالٌة بـ‬-
BUT : – Sudan – Lebanon – Yemen – Ukraine

‫) قبل أسماء األمراض‬7

- He has got malaria.
BUT : – flu / the flu – measles / the measles ‫الحصبة‬

( this, these, my, … ) ‫) قبل اسم إشارة أو صفة ملكٌة‬8

1) That is my car. ( NOT: … the my car. )

‫) قبل اسم ُم َر َّكب ٌتكون من كلمتٌن عندما ٌكون االسم االول مكان أو شخص‬9
– Cairo Airport – Giza Zoo – Zagazig University – Nobel Prize

– the White House – the American School

NOTE – the Open University – the International School
– the American University – the summer term

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- Father is at home.

- It’s time to go to bed now.

- Is Tom still in bed?

BUT: I sat down on the bed. ( a specific piece of furniture )

- He is at work.
- What time do you finish work?

- I’ll be at home tomorrow.

- When do you get home?

- He is at sea most of the time.

- He went to sea last Friday.
BUT: - I’d like to live near the sea.
- It can be dangerous to swim in the sea.

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‫مالحـــظات‬
by ‫ قبل المواصالت إذا كان قبلها‬the ‫) ال ُتستخدم‬1
1) She travelled by bus.
on, in ‫ قبل المواصالت إذا كان قبلها‬the ‫ لكن الحظ وجود‬-
in the car – taxi – canoe
on the bus – train – plane – bike – snowmobile

2) She left on the 8 o‟clock bus this morning.

‫ للتخصٌص‬the ‫ ولكن نستخدم‬, ‫ عند الحدٌث عنها بشكل عام‬the ‫) تأتً فصول السنة بــ أو بدون‬2
1) Rome is lovely in (the) spring.
2) I like (the) winter best.
3) Do you remember the winter of 2011?
4) I worked very hard in the summer that year.

( both - all ) ‫ مــع‬the ‫) الحـظ استخدام‬3

1) Both (the) children are good at maths.
( NOTE : both refers to two people or things )
2) All(the) three brothers were arrested. ( all ( the ) + number + pl. n. )
3) He‟s been away all week. ( all + day, night, winter, year )

‫ ولكن ُتستخدم قبلها إذا كانت بمعنى مساحة فارؼة‬, ‫ بمعنى الفضاء‬space ‫ قبل‬the ‫) ال ُتستخدم‬4
1) There are millions of stars in space. ( NOT: …in the space )
2) He tried to park his car, but the space was too small.

‫ قبللل‬a, an, the ‫) عنللد اإلشللارة الللى مجموعللة مللن النللاس أو الحٌوانللات أو األشللٌاء نسللتخدم‬5
‫اسم مفرد ٌُعد‬
1) A / The dolphin is a clever creature.

‫ قبل االسم المفرد وقد ُتعنً شًء ُمحدد أو ؼٌر ُمحدد‬a, an ‫) نضع‬6
1) I‟m looking for a pen. It‟s a blue one. ( a specific pen )
2) I‟m looking for a pen. Have you got one? ( any pen )

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1) He had …...…dream last night. In the dream, he was ten metres tall!
a) no article b) an c) the d) a
2) Ahmed‟s father is …………… teacher.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
3) He‟s …………… architect.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
4) I don‟t like going to …………… dentist.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
5) It is not easy to be …………… teenager
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
6) Mahmoud cannot walk and has to use …………… wheelchair.
a) no article b) an c) the d) a
7) He was travelling on …………… bus.
a) a b) an c) many d) no article
8) We have …………… house with a garden.
a) the b) an c) a d) no article
9) The journey by train takes …………… hour.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
10) My teacher always advises me to be …………… honest citizen.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
11) My teacher always advises us to be …………… honest citizens.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
12) Crete is …………… island in the Mediterranean Sea.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
13) If they have …………… good friend, he or she can help, too.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
14) He‟s just written …………… very interesting book.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
15) Omar read …………… interesting story.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
16) I‟ve bought …………… new computer.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
17) What …………… useful book we have read!
a) a b) an c) the d) no article

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18) At night, we can see the moon in …………… sky.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
19) …………… sun has been shining all day.
a) The b) An c) A d) No article
20) I read a book. …………… book is really useful.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
21) …………… story Omar read was interesting.
a) A b) An c) No article d) The
22) Will …………… software that we use today be on the computers of
tomorrow?
a) a b) an c) the d) many
23) …………… poem I read yesterday is really interesting.
a) The b) An c) A d) No article
24) …………… brave man‟s name is Mahmoud Mohamed Youssef.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
25) …………… desert fox is the smallest member of the fox family.
a) A b) The c) An d) No article
26) …………… Amazon is in South America.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
27) …………… Red Sea is between Africa and Asia.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
28) I live in …………… Egypt.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
29) I live in …………… Arab Republic of Egypt.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
30) When was …………… telephone invented?
a) a b) the c) an d) many
31) The most important invention is …………… internet.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
32) The more you practice, …………… better you get.
a) a b) an c) no article d) the
33) Crete is …………… largest Greek island.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
34) My father is one of …………… best doctors in our town.
a) the b) an c) a d) no article
35) The countryside is …………… least polluted area in Egypt.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article

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36) It‟s …………… first time I have ever done voluntary work.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
37) …………… last exam is in a subject I am not very good at.
a) The b) An c) A d) No article
38) The rich should help …………… poor.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
39) …………… young people are able to share in doing voluntary work
in different fields.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
40) France is part of …………… European Union.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
41) We had to clean …………… beaches along the north coast.
a) a b) the c) an d) no article
42) This book is about …………… future of technology.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
43) Will the software that we use today be on …………… computers of
tomorrow?
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
44) During …………… Second World War, Golding was a sailor in the
British navy.
a) a b) the c) an d) no article
45) …………… Egyptians are very hospitable to anyone, aren‟t they?
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
46) Do you think man will live on the moon in …………… future?
a) the b) an c) a d) no article
47) …………… children can be cruel.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
48) …………… children in Lord of the Flies are cruel.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
49) …………… teachers work very hard.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
50) …………… teachers at my school work very hard.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
51) He has …………… meat and soup for lunch.
a) a b) no article c) the d) an
52) …………… milk is good for you.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article

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53) Who can they ask for …………… advice?
a) no article b) an c) the d) a
54) Nothing is more important than …………… freedom.
a) no article b) an c) the d) a
55) I want to study …………… science.
a) a b) no article c) the d) an
56) We always have …………… lunch in a very splendid restaurant.
a) a b) no article c) the d) an
57) They all went to …………… lunch organized by their uncle.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
58) Marwa went to …………… hospital to visit her uncle.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
59) Joe had an accident yesterday. He‟s still in ……..… hospital now.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
60) The satellite is orbiting in …………… space.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article

1) I‟ve just seen …………… amazing school. The school is modern.

a) a b) an c) the d) no article
2) Marwan Shabana is …………… history teacher.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
3) I‟m …………… English teacher.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
4) Sami is a journalist. He works for …………… newspaper in Cairo.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
5) I think this is the best museum in Alexandria. Is there ……………
museum in your town?
a) no article b) an c) the d) a
6) If I haven‟t got much time, I send …………… text message.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
7) It can sometimes be difficult to find …………… radio station.
a) the b) an c) a d) no article
8) I saw …………… accident this morning.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284
9) Is there ……………… Mp3 player behind the laptop?
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
10) My friend sent me …………… SMS on my birthday.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
11) I want to write …………… short story. It looks like fun.
a) no article b) the c) an d) a
12) The pharaohs made …………… great civilization thousands of
years ago.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
13) In today‟s programme, we hear about …………… brave man.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
14) We live in …………… old house near to the Nile.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
15) My aunt has …………… one-year son called Sami.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
16) You should do exercises two or three times …………… day.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
17) Adel is a space scientist. At the moment, he is studying
…………… moon.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
18) Egypt is a popular place for tourists to visit from all over
…………… world.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
19) Maha went to a school in Cairo. …………… school was very big.
a) The b) An c) A d) No article
20) …………… European person I met in the museum was friendly.
a) The b) An c) A d) No article
21) Look at …………… woman over there! She is a famous scientist.
a) a b) an c) the d) many
22) I finished …………… homework before I went out.
a) a b) an c) the d) many
23) …………… school holidays are starting soon.
a) The b) An c) A d) No article
24) …………… giraffe is found in Africa.
a) A b) An c) The d) no article
25) Japan is a large group of islands in …………… Pacific Ocean.
a) a b) an c) no article d) the

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284
26) We should protect the different environments along ……………
Red Sea coast.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
27) The Sahara is a huge desert in …………… Africa.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
28) My son plays …………… violin very well.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
29) My son has got …………… violin.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
30) …………… mobile phone was invented in 1973.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
31) …………… has made the world a smaller place.
a) A plane b) The plane c) Planes d) This plane
32) …………… computer has changed the way we work.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
33) The Nile is the world‟s …………… longest river.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
34) One day, your new friends will be your ……….… best old friends!
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
35) Pollution is one of …………… most serious problems that threaten
our lives.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
36) …………… most teachers and students like Mr Sayed‟s notes.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
37) We‟re staying in a room on …………… first floor.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
38) …………… next train to London leaves from Platform 3.
a) A b) The c) An d) No article
39) Helen worked for the American Foundation for …………… Blind.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
40) We are going to …………… cinema.
a) the b) an c) a d) no article
th
41) Suddenly, it fell off …………… 6 of October Bridge and crashed
to the ground.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
42) Robert Louis Stevenson is …………… author of Treasure Island.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article

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43) She has …………… Italian name.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
44) Today, I‟m talking to …………… Professor Marwan Shabana.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
45) I asked …………… professor about his life.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
46) …………… exams are always very stressful for me.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
47) I think …………… exams we have next week will be very difficult.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
48) I don‟t have any of …………… emails I sent to my wife, because
we don‟t usually keep emails!
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
49) Crete is a popular place with …………… tourists.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
50) …………… gold is a valuable metal.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
51) …………… smoking is bad for you.
a) A b) No article c) The d) An
52) It wasn‟t your fault. It was …………… bad luck.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
53) You‟ll find …………… information you need at the top of page 15.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
54) …………… English is the world‟s most widely used language.
a)No article b) An c) The d) A
55) I wish all students would speak …………… English fluently.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
56) We will go out for a walk after …………… supper.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
57) I don‟t usually have lunch, but I always eat …………… good
breakfast.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
58) Thieves should always go to …………… prison for their crimes.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
59) My father went to …………… school to meet my teachers.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
60) The start of …………… space is about 100 km above the earth.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article

54
Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284

1) I had …..… sandwich and a cup of tea. The sandwich was delicious.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
2) My brother became …………… kung fu trainer.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
3) …………… engineer has an interesting job.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
4) I need …………… book from the library, but someone else has
borrowed it.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
5) Egypt has …………… unique location in the world.
a) the b) a c) an d) no article
6) In Egypt, students in primary school have to wear ……… uniform.
a) the b) a c) an d) no article
7) In free time, I used to read …………… useful book.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
8) She wants to have …………… holiday next to the sea.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
9) I can‟t come out tonight because I have ………..… exam tomorrow.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
10) I had …………… interview for a job in an office.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
11) He‟s working on …...… new hotel which will overlook the Red Sea.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
12) The hotel will have …………… 300-seat dining room on the second
floor.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
13) I bought …………… 70.000-pound car last week.
a) an b) a c) the d) no article
14) There is …………… one way street in our area.
a) an b) a c) the d) no article
15) I go to school five days …………… week.
a) the b) an c) a d) no article
16) The potatoes are five pounds …………… kilo.
a) the b) an c) a d) no article

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284
17) …………… capital city of Egypt is Cairo.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
18) Which is the longest river in …………… world?
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
19) You must never look at …………… sun directly.
a) a b) the c) an d) no article
20) Mahmoud woke up in a hospital. Doctors at …………… hospital
told him that he would never walk again.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
21) What time is …………… Maths lesson this afternoon?
a) a b) an c) no article d) the
22) They can also feel stressed about …………… work they get for
homework.
a) a b) an c) the d) many
23) He always catches …………… 8 o‟clock train to work.
a) the b) an c) a d) many
24) We all know that …………… brain can‟t be transplanted.
a) a b) an c) the d) many
25) We saw …………… giraffe at the zoo.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
26) …………… Mount Everest is higher than Mount Kilimanjaro.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
27) I dream of visiting …………… Alps one day.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
28) …………… Lake Nasser is in Aswan.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
29) They live near …………… lake.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
30) I haven‟t visited any foreign country in …………… Europe.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
31) Seventy years ago, most families had …………… radio.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
32) …………… television was on, but nobody was watching it.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
33) We watch …………… television in the evening.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article

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34) …………… intelligent you are, the better marks you will get.
a) The much b) The most c) The more d) More
35) Students can ask a teacher or their …………… family for advice.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
36) I met Ahmed whose …………… car is very expensive.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
37) Arabic poetry was …………… first to use rhyme.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
38) My friend works in …………… same office as me.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
39) …………… unemployed citizens should be helped by our
government.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
40) There was no wind, so …………… sea was very calm.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
41) I like living in …………… countryside.
a) the b) an c) a d) no article
42) He teaches at …………… University of Cairo.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
43) He teaches at …………… Cairo University.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
44) Japan is about 300 kilometres from ………… east coast of Russia.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
45) I don‟t have any of the emails I sent to my wife, because we don‟t
usually keep …………… emails!
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
46) I‟d like to buy a car, but …………… cars are so expensive.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
47) …………… 125 million people live on islands.
a) A b) No article c) The d) An
48) I think it is difficult to make …………… friends.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
49) What …………… problems do they have?
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
50) …………… oil is used to make plastic.
a) A b) No article c) The d) An

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284
51) …………… football is a very popular game.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
52) He gained …………… valuable experience while working on the
project.
a) no article b) an c) the d) a
53) I had …………… bad experience with fireworks in the past.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
54) …………… union is very important to face our enemies.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article
55) Wood is used for making …………… furniture.
a) no article b) an c) the d) a
56) My uncle will arrive on …………… Sunday.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
57) My uncle will arrive on …………… Sunday which is after my
birthday.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
58) Walking to …………… work is part of my daily routine.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
59) There are millions of stars in …………… .
a) space b) a space c) the space d) spaces
60) …………… space in my room is not enough for another bed.
a) A b) An c) The d) No article

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284

Countable nouns
‫( امام االسم المفرد الذى ٌُ َعد و ُتحذفان فى الجمع‬a – an) ‫ ُتستخدم‬-
‫( امام االسم المفرد الذى ٌبدأ بصوت ساكن‬a) ‫ ُتستخدم‬-
‫ ؼٌر منطوق‬h ‫( امام االسم المفرد الذى ٌبدأ بصوت متحرك أو بحرؾ‬an) ‫ ُتستخدم‬-

   

a book books a bus buses a story stories a thief thieves

a doctor doctors a glass glasses a city cities a wolf wolves
an ant ants a brush brushes a baby babies a loaf loaves
an egg eggs a torch torches a party parties a wife wives
a toy toys a potato potatoes a lady ladies a life lives
a valley valleys a box boxes a family families a knife knives

a photo photos a roof roofs

a video videos a giraffe giraffes
a kilo kilos a chef chefs
a zoo zoos a cliff cliffs

– an ox oxen – a foot feet – a child – children

– a goose geese – a mouse mice – a person – people
Persons is usually used in official language, especially public notices or
legal documents.

– (a) fish – (an) aircraft – (a) crossroads – (a) species

– (a) sheep – (a) deer – (a) series – (a) means
1) The African elephant is an endangered species.
2) Many species of birds live on the island.
3) A car is a means of transport.
4) There were many means to persuade him.

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284

goods ‫ بضائع‬customs ‫ جمارك‬groceries ‫ مشترٌات البقالة‬damages ‫تعوٌضات‬

clothes ‫ مالبس‬savings ‫ مدخرات‬police ‫ الشرطة‬riches ‫ثروات‬
contents ‫ محتوٌات‬arms ‫ أسلحة‬people ‫ الناس‬earnings ‫أرباف‬

1) Your clothes are on the bed.

2) The police are chasing the suspect.
peoples ‫ اسم مفرد بمعنى الشعب وجمعها‬people ‫ الحظ أن‬-

trousers ‫ بنطلون‬shorts ‫ شورت‬earrings ‫ َح َل ْق‬scales ‫مٌزان‬

pants ‫ بنطلون ضٌق‬gloves ‫ قفاز‬sunglasses‫ نظارة شمس‬scissors ‫مقص‬
jeans ‫ بنطلون جٌنز‬socks ‫ شراب‬binoculars ‫ منظار‬pliers ‫زردٌة‬

1) His trousers are too long.

2) This pair of trousers is very expensive.
3) These pairs of trousers are very expensive.

university ‫جامعة‬ team ‫فرٌق‬ club ‫نادى‬ company ‫شركة‬

college ‫كلٌة‬ family ‫عائلة‬ audience ‫جمهور‬ government ‫حكومة‬
school ‫مدرسة‬ crew ‫ طائرة‬/ ‫طاقم سفٌنة‬ group ‫مجموعة‬ army ‫الجٌش‬
class ‫فصل‬ staff ‫طاقم موظفٌن‬ crowd ‫حشد من الناس‬ population ‫السكان‬

(As a unit) ‫ نستخدم فعل مفرد عندما ُنشٌر الى المجموعة ككل أى كوحدة واحدة‬-
(Members of the group individually) ‫ نستخدم فعل جمع عندما ُنشٌر الى أفراد المجموعة‬-
1) Thehome team is winning the match.
(We think of the team as a unit.)
2) The team are travelling tonight to their next match.
(We think of the team as individuals.)

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284

1) a ten-pound note (NOT : a ten-pounds note)

2) a three-year-old boy (NOT : a three-years-old boy)
-:‫ عند الجمع نجمع االسم الثانى ولٌس االسم األول‬-
3) three ten-pound notes (NOT : three ten-pounds note)
4) A one-pound coin is on the desk.
5) Three one-pound coins are on the desk. (Individual coins)

analysis ‫تفصٌل‬/‫تحلٌل‬ analyses phenomenon ‫ظاهرة‬ phenomena

basis ‫ قاعدة‬/ ‫أساس‬ bases datum ‫ بٌان‬/ ‫معلومة‬ data
crisis ‫أزمة‬ crises medium ‫وسٌلة اعالمٌة‬ media
oasis ‫واحة‬ oases bacterium ‫بكترٌا‬ bacteria

‫مالحــظات‬

1) Ten million pounds is a lot of money. (a quantity of money)

2) Fifty litres of petrol fills my car. (a quantity of petrol)
3) “We have two litres of oil”. “That‟s enough.” (a quantity of oil)
4) Thirty kilometres is a long way to walk in hot weather.
(a distance of… )
5) Two hours is a long time to wait. (a time period)
6) Fifty degrees is a very high temperature.

1) The window is open.

2) The windows are open.

1) No reason was given for his absence.

2) Each student has a camera.
3) This motorbike belongs to me.

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Mr Sayed Abu Ouf 0100 37 87 284

‫فى إثبات‬ ً‫فى النف‬ ‫فى اإلستفهام‬

a lot of all / both many – any – enough
lots of several no any
plenty of most few = not many
a couple of enough too few many
a good number of some too many
a great number of a few = some none of some
a large/small number of these / those neither of
either of any of enough

1) Imet several friends in the party.

2) He is among the few people I can trust.
3) There are a few cakes left over from the party.
4) Five nurses are helping the surgeon.
5) None of the shops were / was open.
6) A large number of factories have closed in recent months.

BUT : The number of homeless has increased recently.

1) One of my friends is going to Paris.

2) One of our cats has disappeared.

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Uncountable nouns

1) Food ‫الطعام‬
– meat – cheese – bread – flour – yoghurt – butter

2) Liquids ‫السوائل‬
– water – milk – soup – juice – coffee – oil

3) Material ‫المواد الخام‬

– glass – wood – iron – paper – gold – silver

4) Languages ‫اللؽات‬
– Arabic – English – French – Greek – Italian – Japanese

5) Subjects of study ‫المواد الدراسٌة‬

-Mathematics -Physics -Economics -Politics -Chemistry -Literature

6) Games, sports and activities ‫األلعاب والرٌاضة واألنشطة‬

– chess – cards – football – athletics – reading – shopping

7) Natural phenomena ‫الظواهر الطبٌعٌة‬

– rain – snow – heat – wind – lighting – weather

8) Abstract nouns )‫األسماء المجردة (المعنوٌة‬

– information – news – advice – justice – beauty
– knowledge – hope – courage – honesty – freedom
– education – luck – fear – anger – experience

-: )‫ مع األسماء المجردة (المعنوٌة‬a piece of / a bit of / an item of ‫ ُتستخدم‬-

- a piece of advice – pieces of advice

9) Diseases ‫األمراض‬
– measles ‫ – الحصبة‬diabetes ‫مرض السكر‬ – cancer ‫السرطان‬

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10) Gases ‫الؽازات‬
– oxygen – hydrogen – nitrogen – carbon dioxide

11) meals ‫الوجبات‬

– breakfast – lunch – dinner – supper

12) Others ‫كلمات وأسماء أخرى‬

– baggage – research – furniture – equipment – machinery
– luggage – behavior – money – rubbish – fun
– damage – jewellery – traffic – litter – laughter

‫مالحـــظات‬
1) Gold is more expensive than silver.
2) Milk comes from cows.

1) This equipment is very necessary. ( NOT : These equipment )

2) I bought bread for breakfast. ( NOT : a bread )

‫فى اإلثبات‬ ً‫فى النف‬ ‫فى اإلستفهام‬

a lot of some much – any – enough any
lots of both no much
plenty of enough little = not much enough
all a little = some too little How much
most this / that too much some
a ( good / great ) deal of none of ( the / this / that / my … ) ‫عندما تكون اإلجابة‬
a (small / large) amount of yes ‫المتوقعة بــ‬
a (small / large) quantity of ‫فى العرض والطلب‬

1) There is a little cheese in the fridge. I‟ll make you a sandwich.

2) I have little money in my pocket. I need to borrow some.
3) Don‟t forget to buy (some) coffee.
4) This money is all yours. None of it is mine.
5) None of the information given to me was helpful.

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‫مالحظات عامة‬

1) Doyou see Ali much? – Yes, I see him a lot.

2) We needn‟t buy any more bread. We‟ve got plenty.

1) Hehas got some money / friends.

2) Would you like some more tea?
3) Could I have some sugar, please?

1) You never give me any help.

2) There is hardly any milk left.
3) I don‟t have any money at all. ( = I have no money. )
4) Have you got any biscuits?
5) You can come any day you want. ( It doesn’t matter which. )
6) Ask any doctor. They‟ll all tell you that smoking is harmful.
7) It is important to repair any taps that drip.
8) I‟ll find you anywhere you go.

1) He seldom eats anything at night.

1) If you want some / any help, let me know.

2) If you find some / any strawberries, keep some for me.

1) He has little money. ( = He doesn’t have much money. )

2) He answered few questions.
( = He didn’t answer many questions.)

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1) There are very few pencils on the table.

2) Only a few students are present today.

: little = small = young and small = not important (only before nouns)
- There are two or three little things we need to look at.

1) The food is cooked by mother.

2) Old people can‟t digest certain foods.
3) My friend bought me a birthday cake.
4) Would you like to have a piece of cake?

1) There isn‟t a lot of rain in many countries

2) There aren't a lot of tourists / many tourists here.
3) Do you use a little water or a lot of water every day?
4) Many tourists come here year after year.

1) Would you like an orange? 2) I don’t like orange. I prefer red.

3) Could I have a coffee, please? 4) Coffee can stop you sleeping.

5) I’ve got a hair in my mouth. 6) There’s hair on the floor.

7) Do you like chickens? 8) Do you like chicken?

9) Which school do you go to? 10) She will start school in September.

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Countable Uncountable
a chocolate ‫قطعة شٌكوالتة‬ chocolate ‫شٌكوالتة‬
a glass – glasses ‫كوب – أكواب‬ glass – glasses ‫زجاج – نظارة‬
a paper – papers ‫صحٌفة – ُمستندات‬ paper ‫ورق‬
a company ‫شركة‬ company ‫صحبة‬ُ
a university ‫جامعة‬ university ‫فترة الدراسة الجامعٌة‬
a business ‫شركة‬ business ‫تجارة‬
an experience ‫ موقِؾ‬/ ‫ َحدَث‬/ ‫تجربة‬ experience ‫خبرة‬

Countable Uncountable Countable Uncountable

times ‫مرات‬ time ‫وقت‬ an ice ‫آٌس كرٌم‬ ice ‫ثلج‬
rains ‫مواسم األمطار‬ rain ‫مطر‬ a room ‫حجرة‬ room ‫فراغ‬
an iron ‫مكواة‬ iron ‫حدٌد‬ a cold ‫نزلة برد‬ cold ‫البرد عموما‬
a wood ‫ؼابة‬ wood ‫خشب‬ a light ‫ لمبة‬/ ‫مصباف‬ light ‫ ضوء‬/ ‫نور‬

1) It‟sinteresting work. (NOT : an interesting work)

2) He‟s looking for work / for a job.
) ‫ اسم ٌُعد بمعنى مصنع ( لها نفس الشكل فى المفرد والجمع‬works ‫ كلمة‬-
3) There is a steel works.
4) I hope there are many steal works.
‫ تأتً جمع بمعنى األعمال األدبٌة أو الموسٌقٌة وٌأتً معها فعل جمع‬works ‫ كلمة‬-
5) The collected works of Shakespeare are available.

1) We need a secretary with a first-class knowledge of English.

2) My parents wanted me to have a good education.
3) You have been a great help.
4) He has a deep distrust ‫ عدم ثقة‬of strangers.
BUT
5) My father enjoys very good health. (NOT : a very good health)

6) Gulliver‟s Travels was written by Jonathan Swift.

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‫أدوات التجزئة‬

a bag of rice ‫كٌس أرز‬ a cup of coffee ‫فنجان قهوة‬

a bottle of milk ‫زجاجة لبن‬ a glass of juice ‫كوب عصٌر‬
a bowl of soup ‫سلطانٌة شوربة‬ a jar of honey ‫برطمان عسل‬
a box of matches ‫علبة كبرٌت‬ a packet of tea ‫باكو شاي‬
a can of soda ‫علبة مٌاة ؼازٌة‬ a pot of yoghurt ‫وعاء زبادي‬
a carton of juice ‫كرتونة عصٌر‬ a tube of toothpaste ‫انبوب معجون أسنان‬

a gram of powder ‫ جرام بودرة‬a litre of petrol ‫لتر بنزٌن‬

a kilo of meat ‫ كٌلو لحم‬a spoonful of salt ‫ملعقة ملٌئة بالملح‬

a bar of chocolate ‫قطعة شٌكوالتة‬ a loaf of bread ‫رؼٌؾ خبز‬

a bit / piece of cake ‫قطعة كٌك‬ a lump of sugar ‫مكعب سكر‬
a drop of water ‫قطرة مٌاة‬ a sheet / ream of paper ‫رزمة ورق‬/‫فرخ‬

a grain of sand ‫حبة رمل‬ a slice of meat ‫شرٌحة لحم‬

‫ عند الجمع نجمع لفظ التجزئة وال نجمع اسم المادة‬

( two sheets of paper – two loaves of bread – pieces of advice )

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1) The radio show host says that …………… teenagers are bullied at
school.
a) a b) a lot of c) much d) little
2) The Internet of Things (IOT) is developing very fast in ……………
fields.
a) a lot b) much c) lots of d) little
3) There is …………… cake for everyone.
a) a lot b) many c) few d) enough
4) I haven‟t got …………… money to buy a car.
a) some b) lots c) enough d) little
5) Are there …………… people to play that game?
a) little b) much c) enough d) plenty
6) That school needs …………… lights to illuminate the playground.
a) much b) some c) little d) less
7) We met …………… interesting people at the party.
a) some b) any c) much d) a little
8) I‟m really stressed about …………… exams I have next week.
a) a little b) an c) much d) some
9) There are …………… good books in the library.
a) some b) much c) a little d) a lot
10) I‟m going to buy …………… new clothes for the party.
a) a b) an c) some d) little
11) My wife bought me ………..… nice presents as it was my birthday.
a) much b) a c) an d) some
12) We met …………… interesting people at the party.
a) some b) any c) much d) a little
13) He bought …………… blue shorts.
a) a b) an c) some d) any
14) I don‟t have …………… friends at my school.
a) some b) much c) any d) few
15) We were careful not to damage …………… shells or wildlife.
a) any b) some c) a d) an
16) I haven‟t got my camera, so I can‟t take …………… photographs.
a) a b) some c) any d) many

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17) You should think before you answer …………… question.
a) any b) some c) an d) little
18) He didn‟t have …………… help to be the best student.
a) a b) any c) many d) some
19) We have some oil, but we don‟t have …………… butter.
a) many b) some c) little d) any
20) There are …………… cars on the roads today.
a) too many b) too much c) too little d) a
21) His little sister has got …………… toys that she doesn‟t have time
to play with them all.
a) little b) so much c) few d) so many
22) Not …………… books are needed for this research.
a) much b) many c) little d) a lot
23) Can I have …………… grapes?
a) a little b) much c) a d) a few
24) Hassan does not like music, but he‟s got …………… CDs at home.
a) much b) a little c) a few d) a
25) Only …………… students attended the first lesson at school.
a) many b) a few c) much d) a lot
26) In my opinion, there is …………… pollution in our city centres.
a) too much b) too many c) a few d) too few
27) There was so ……..…… noise that they could not hear each other.
a) little b) few c) fewer d) much
28) We don‟t have …………… money.
a) many b) few c) much d) little
29) There‟s …………… sugar left, but not very much. Can you get
some more?
a) much b) many c) few d) little
30) Hassan earns …………… money. He is in need of your help.
a) little b) many c) a few d) much
31) I‟ve had so many jobs to do and so …………… time.
a) a few b) few c) a little d) little
32) She doesn‟t like sweets, but she likes …………… sugar on her
fruit.
a) many b) a little c) a few d) too many
33) How …………… kilos of meat do you need?
a) often b) much c) old d) many

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34) …………… grapes would you like?
a) How much b) How many c) How often d) How tall
35) How …………… coffee did you drink? – Two cups.
a) often b) much c) old d) many
36) Plants need …………… from the sun to grow.
a) light b) a light c) lights d) no light
37) It is necessary to turn off any …………… that are not needed.
a) light b) a light c) the lights d) lights
38) Every day, I like to buy …………… and read it to my grandfather.
a) paper b) papers c) a paper d) some paper
39) I want to write a message. Can I borrow …………… paper,
please?
a) some b) a c) few d) much
40) Ali doesn‟t like airports because there is always a lot of ……..…….
a) noises b) noise c) a noise d) the noise
41) Be careful that you don‟t cut your feet. There‟s some ……………
on the floor.
a) piece of glass b) glass c) glasses d) a glass
42) Can you pass me the …………… of honey, please?
a) piece b) slice c) bar d) jar
43) How many ……….… of vegetables do you have in your cupboard?
a) bottles b) tins c) cups d) tubes
44) We shared a …………… of tomato soup for our lunch.
a) tube b) loaf c) tin d) slice
45) Don‟t forget to buy a …………… of cola from the shops.
a) bottle b) loaf c) bar d) lump
46) How much oil …………… there in the bottle?
a) are b) were c) have d) is
47) Most furniture …………… made of wood.
a) are b) is c) were d) have been
48) Everyone knows that athletics …………… us fit and healthy.
a) keep b) are keeping c) keeps d) have kept
49) The air in the mountains …………… always so fresh.
a) are b) is c) were d) have
50) The information I got today …………… extremely useful.
a) is b) were c) are d) have

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51) The advice you gave me …………… really useful.
a) were b) are c) has d) was
52) Five thousand pounds …………… in the robbery.
a) were stolen b) had stolen c) have stolen d) was stolen
53) Three days …………… long enough for a good holiday.
a) isn’t b) aren’t c) haven’t been d) weren’t
54) Ten kilometres …………… a long way to run.
a) have b) is c) been d) are
55) The police …………… looking for the thief.
a) am b) is c) are d) was
56) These trousers …………… very old. You should buy a new pair.
a) are b) was c) is d) has been
57) The class …………… all on a school outing to the Museum of Art.
a) is b) was c) were d) have
58) Those sheep …………… fat.
a) is b) are c) was d) had
59) There …………… a pair of scissors in the drawer.
a) are b) have c) were d) is
60) There …………… three pairs of scissors in the drawer.
a) is b) are c) was d) has
61) Sharing transport reduces the …………… of cars on the road.
a) amount b) quantity c) number d) some
62) Sharing transport reduces the …………… of pollution.
a) amount b) quantity c) number d) some
63) It took us quite a long time to get here. It was …………… journey.
a) three hour b) a three-hours c) a three-hour d) three hours
64) I attended the meeting with some famous scientists. They
were 30-……………-old scientists.
a) year b) years c) year’s d) years’
65) Ali is a …………… boy and other teenagers are bullying him.
a) 15-years-old b) 15-year’s-old c) 15-years’-old d) 15-year-old

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1) I‟ve spent …………… time studying in the library this week.

a) a lot of b) a few c) too few d) many
2) We went shopping and spent …………… money.
a) a lot of b) many c) lots of d) a & c
3) Have you got …………… milk?
a) many b) enough c) a few d) lots
4) There are …………… cakes for everyone.
a) enough b) much c) little d) a lot
5) You didn‟t buy …………… cards.
a) much b) enough c) some d) few
6) She went to the shops and got …………… bread and milk.
a) many b) a c) some d) few
7) I need …………… advice about how to make friends.
a) some b) an c) a lot d) many
8) I‟d like …………… new information about this project.
a) an b) lots c) some d) many
9) Students often need …………… help when they are at school.
a) an b) no word c) some d) b & c
10) I asked her if she wanted to do …………… homework with me.
a) few b) some c) many d) a
11) Would you like …………… sugar with your coffee?
a) many b) few c) some d) a few
12) Excuse me, can you give me …………… advice?
a) some b) an c) many d) many
13) Who can students ask for …………… advice?
a) some b) no word c) lots d) a & b
14) Can I have …………… milk in my tea, please?
a) an b) some c) many d) one
15) Do you have …………… advice for me?
a) an b) any c) few d) many
16) I don‟t have …………… homework tonight.
a) a lot b) some c) many d) any
17) Some students feel like they don‟t have …………… time to revise
for exams.
a) any b) an c) some d) the

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18) I want to go out, but I hardly have …………… money.
a) some b) any c) many d) much
19) I haven‟t got …………… luggage.
a) many b) some c) a d) any
20) He‟s lazy. He never does …………… work.
a) some b) any c) no d) many
21) We have so …………… things to do.
a) a little b) any c) much d) many
22) There aren‟t …………… in this town. Only two.
a) some hotels b) any hotels c) many hotels d) much hotels
23) We must plant …………… trees to preserve the environment.
a) more b) a lot c) less d) little
24) …………… people live in the country today than in the past.
a) Little b) Less c) Few d) Fewer
25) When you make …………… mistakes, you will get high marks.
a) the least b) the fewest c) the most d) more
26) Do you like …………… sugar in your tea?
a) much b) many c) a few d) a lot
27) I‟ve gained a lot of weight, so I don‟t want to eat …………… rice.
a) many b) much c) a little d) a few
28) Hurry up! We don‟t have …………… time.
a) a little b) a few c) much d) some
29) There wasn‟t …………… traffic on the road. Only a few cars.
a) many b) much c) little d) a few
30) This cake is so delicious. Can I have ……………?
a) a little b) a few c) piece d) few
31) There is only …………… water to drink.
a) few b) a few c) little d) a little
32) There‟s only …………… sugar left in the container.
a) a few b) much c) a little d) many
33) After building the house, we had only …………… money left.
a) much b) a little c) a few d) many
34) How …………… sugar bags have you got at the grocer‟s, Ali?
a) often b) much c) lots d) many
35) How …………… light is there in the cave?
a) much b) a lot c) many d) any

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36) How …………… holiday do you have a year?
a) many b) often c) much d) few
37) Pollution should be prevented or at …………… reduced.
a) less b) least c) most d) little
38) Could I have only …………… orange to eat?
a) some b) no word c) many d) an
39) Samy has a lot of good …………….
a) an idea b) idea c) some ideas d) ideas
40) …………… is usually on the menu of that restaurant.
a) The chicken b) Chickens c) Chicken d) Some chickens
41) Many people in Europe have light brown …………….
a) hairs b) hair c) hairy d) the hairs
42) The train is …………… of transport. I really like using it.
a) means b) the means c) a means d) some means
43) Taking these notes ……….… that Mr Sayed makes a special effort.
a) means b) mean c) have meant d) meaning
44) Can you help me with my ……………?
a) luggages b) baggages c) a baggage d) luggage
45) Every day, …………… begins at 9 and finishes at 2.
a) schools b) a school c) the school d) school
46) I have a …………… of tea for breakfast every day.
a) piece b) loaf c) cup d) loaf
47) Will you buy a …………… of toothpaste for me, please?
a) bar b) jar c) slice d) tube
48) I‟m not very hungry because I‟ve just eaten a …………… of cake.
a) piece b) cup c) bottle d) glass
49) My teacher gave me useful …………… of advice.
a) cups b) pieces c) loaves d) tubes
50) Where are you going? I‟m going to buy …………….
a) a bread b) some bread c) a loaf of bread d) b & c
51) The money of the books …………… on the table.
a) are b) were c) has d) is
52) A basket of apples and oranges …………… sent to me last week.
a) were b) is c) are d) was
53) Knowledge of foreign languages …………… necessary.
a) is b) are c) have d) were

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54) Experience …………… important for this job.
a) are b) were c) is d) have been
55) There …………… a lot of useful information in Mr Sayed‟s notes.
a) is b) are c) has d) were
56) Fifty litres of petrol …………… enough for my car.
a) are b) have c) is d) were
57) We have one litre of milk. …………… enough.
a) That are b) This are c) These are d) That’s
58) Can I borrow your scissors?
Mine ………...… sharp enough.
a) isn’t b) doesn’t c) aren’t d) don’t
59) The two forms of pollution people worry about …………… air and
water pollution.
a) have b) is c) are d) was
60) The members of our group …………… watching the film.
a) was b) is c) have d) were
61) There …………… a lot of people who are interested my notes.
a) is b) was c) have d) are
62) A pair of glasses …………… on the desk.
a) are b) were c) is d) have
63) My reading glasses …………… missing.
a) are b) was c) is d) has
64) The story takes places in a fictional continent that has a few
…………… countries.
a) much b) little c) many d) some
65) This poor woman has …………….
a) child b) a few child c) little children d) much children

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Future forms
-:‫ ) فى الحاالت اآلتٌة‬will + ‫ ُتستخدم ( المصدر‬

1. I think we will use IOT everywhere in the future in all schools.

2. I think you will enjoy your holiday.
3. Life will be different in 50 years.
4. In the year 2080 people will have driverless cars.

-: ‫ مع بعض األفعال أو التعبٌرات اآلتٌة‬will ‫ فى هذه الحالة عادة ما ُتستخدم‬

 think  believe  expect  wonder  hope
 predict  imagine  promise  suppose  assume
 doubt  perhaps  be afraid  be sure  feel sure

1. I suppose they‟ll sell the house.

2. By the age of 25, I expect I‟ll get a good job.
3. Perhaps we‟ll find him at the hotel.
4. Don‟t worry. I‟m sure you‟ll enjoy your holiday to Italy.
5. I wonder if he‟ll recognise me.

 definitely  surely  certainly  probably  possibly

1. Look at these dark clouds; it will probably rain.

2. It will almost certainly be very hot tomorrow.
3. It‟ll probably rain tomorrow morning.

-: ‫ الصفات الثابتة لدى اإلنسان لٌست دلٌال على حدوث الفعل مثل‬
4. I think my brother will be a doctor. He‟s very clever.
5. Messi is a clever player. I think he will score a goal next match.

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1. My phone is ringing. I‟ll answer it.

2. My mother is calling me, so I will finish the email now.
3. It‟s getting cold; I‟ll close the windows.
4. A: What would you like to drink?
B: I‟ll have an orange juice, please.

1. I‟ll be 16 next week.

2. The temperature will drop during the weekend.
3. The sun will rise at 6.35 tomorrow.

1. Will you do the ironing for me, please?

2. I can‟t understand this exercise. Will you help me with it?
3. Will you be quiet, please?
4. Will you get me a newspaper when you‟re out?

1. Of course! I‟ll explain it for you.

2. I‟ll go shopping with you if you like.
3. I‟ll take you to the airport tomorrow.
4. Those bags look heavy. I‟ll help you carry them.

1. I‟ll visit you next month.

2. Don‟t worry. I‟ll fix your computer tomorrow.
3. I promise I won‟t be late.

1. I‟ll hit you if you do that again.

2. You‟ll suffer for this insolence! )‫(وقاحة – إهانة‬
3. I‟ll break his neck!

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1. Be careful! You‟ll hurt yourself with that knife.

2. Study hard or you‟ll get few marks.

-: ‫( او المضارع البسٌط‬will + ‫ نستخدم (مصدر‬hope ‫ بعد‬

1. I hope pollution levels will drop soon.
2. I hope Ahmed phones today.

1. If you study hard, you‟ll succeed.

-:‫ ) فى الحاالت اآلتٌة‬am, is, are going to + ‫ ُتستخدم ( المصدر‬

1. I have just read the weather report. It‟s going to be sunny.

2. There are clouds in the sky, so I think it‟s going to rain.
3. The sun is shining. It‟s going to be a lovely day.
4. Watch out! You are going to fall in the hole. ( Warning )

1. They are going to get married in three months.

( They have already decided to do it. )
2. We‟re going to buy a new car. ( The decision already exists. )

1. My sister is going to apply for a place at medical school.

2. I‟m going shopping with Samira at the weekend.
3. We‟ve had a lot of training. We‟re going to be very careful.
4. I‟m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.
5. I‟m going to become a famous engineer.

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-:‫ ٌُستخدم المضارع المستمر فى الحاالت اآلتٌة‬

1. I‟m meeting my friends in the park after school.

2. I can‟t see you this evening. I‟m doing my homework.
3. I‟m leaving tomorrow. I‟ve got my plane ticket.
4. It‟s arranged. We‟re going to the Red Sea this summer.

‫ واألنشلللللطة التلللللً تقلللللوم‬, ‫ الحلللللظ أن المناسلللللبات اإلجتماعٌلللللة ملللللن حفلللللالت وأعٌلللللاد ملللللٌالد‬
.‫بها المؤسسات تستلزم ترتٌبات لذا ٌُستخدم معها المضارع المستمر‬
5. The school inspector is coming on Thursday. He‟s arriving at 10 o‟clock.
6. My school is starting a new project about keeping fit soon.

1. I‟m tired. I‟m going to bed now. Goodnight.

2. Get your coat on! I‟m taking you down to the doctor!
3. „Ali, are you ready yet?‟ - „Yes, I‟m coming.‟

1. The launch is at 7.50 the next evening.

2. My plane leaves at ten o‟clock.
3. The exam takes place on 2nd April.
4. This lesson doesn‟t finish until 2.30.

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 have made a quick decision to + inf.  have decided to + inf.

 have just decided to + inf.  have made a decision to + inf.
 offer to + inf.  have planned to + inf.
 promise to + inf.  have plans to + inf.
 threaten to + inf.  intend to + inf.
 predict to + inf.  have intentions to + inf.
 expect to + inf.  be about to + inf.
 have arranged to + inf.
 have made arrangement to + inf.
 have prepared to + inf.
 be to + inf.

= I have already decided and arranged to do it.

= I have already decided to do it, but perhaps not arranged.
= I intend to do it.
Often the difference is very small and either form is possible.
- We are going to take the train to Luxor next week. We already have our tickets.
(am, is, are V.ing) ‫ لكن إذا كان هناك ترتٌبات مع وجود الصٌؽتٌن فً اإلختٌاري نختار صٌؽة‬-

when whether by the time unless providing

as soon as after till / until provided whenever
while before if as long as the moment

1. When everyone arrives, the meeting will start.

2. I‟ll go to bed as soon as the film ends.
3. I won‟t go out until the film ends.
4. I‟m going to watch the TV news before I go to bed.
5. She is going to become an archaeologist when she leaves
university. That is her plan.

1. He promises he will do his best to come first.

2. He promised he would do his best to come first.
3. He promises / promised me to do his best to come first.

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1) I think the exam …………… be quite easy.

a) will b) is going to c) is d) was
2) One day, I think people …………… on the moon.
a) live b) are living c) will live d) are going to live
3) I think my cousin …………… engineering.
a) will study b) studies c) going to study d) would study
4) Twenty years from now, nobody …………… ordinary telephones
any more.
a) use b) will use c) uses d) used
5) Twenty years from now, I think my country …………… fantastic.
a) is b) would be c) will be d) is going to be
6) I think the next generation of phones …………… expensive.
a) would be b) going to be c) is going to be d) will be
7) Their five-year-old brother is very clever. His father says he
…………… a doctor when he grows up.
a) is b) will be c) was d) is going to be
8) After I eat breakfast, I …………… my medicine.
a) took b) have taken c) will take d) would take
9) I expect Lucy and Jim …………… for dinner.
a) are staying b) will stay c) would stay d) are going to stay
10) I expect that Ahmed …………… to university next year.
a) goes b) go c) will go d) has gone
11) I promise I …………… to you every day when I am away.
a) would write b) will write c) write d) am going to write
12) I promise to …………… you with the technology.
a) am helping b) will help c) help d) am going to help
13) I must go now. I promised …………… late.
a) not being b) I won’t be c) to not be d) I wouldn’t be
14) I‟m sure that you …………… well in your exam.
a) does b) will do c) going to do d) would do
15) I‟m afraid we …………… on time for the meeting.
a) won’t being b) wouldn’t be c) won’t be d) aren’t going to be
16) “We haven‟t got any tea.” – “It‟s OK. I …………… some.”
a) will get b) am getting c) gets d) am going to get

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17) A: I‟m thirsty. – B: I …………… you a glass of water.
a) am getting b) will get c) get d) am going to get
18) Father : Would you like an orange or an apple juice?
Fatma : I …………… an apple juice, please, Dad.
a) will have b) am having c) has d) am going to have
19) We have no sugar, so I …………… to the shops and get some.
a) go b) going c) am going d) will go
20) We haven‟t got any coffee. Don‟t worry, I …………… some.
a) get b) am getting c) will get d) gets
21) The water is boiling. I …………… it off in a minute
a) will switch b) am switching c) switch d) switches
22) Tomorrow is Hazem‟s birthday. He …………… 20.
a) will be b) is being c) has been d) is going to be
23) It‟s my birthday next Tuesday. I …………… 17.
a) am being b) have been c) will be d) am going to be
24) My computer …………… five years old this year.
a) is going to be b) will be c) going to be d) are going to be
25) A: I‟ve left my jacket at home.
B: I …………… back and get it for you.
a) would go b) will go c) goes d) am going to go
26) I …………… you to solve the problem.
a) will help b) is helping c) would help d) going to help
27) I …………… you how to connect your TV to your phone.
a) going to show b) shows c) will show d) am going to show
28) I …………… dinner tonight.
a) going to make b) makes c) would d) will make
29) …………… me a glass of water, please?
a) Did you bring b) Are you bring c) Will you bring d) Are you bringing
30) …………… at my homework tonight, please?
a) Will you look b) Are you look c) Did you look d) Are you looking
31) I …………… if I don‟t get a pay rise.
a) would resign b) am resigning c) going to resign d) will resign
32) Look at this advert. The phone company …………… a new
flexible smartphone.
a) will introduce b) is going to introduce
c) introduce d) is introducing

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33) Look at those clouds. Do you think it ……………?
a) will rain b) is raining c) rains d) is going to rain
34) It‟s windy and cloudy. I think it …………….
a) is going to rain b) will rain c) rains d) is raining
35) It‟s really dark. There‟s …………… a storm.
a) will b) going to c) being d) going to be
36) He is filling the bucket with water. He …………… the car.
a) was washing b) has washed c) will wash d) is going to wash
37) There isn‟t a cloud in the sky. I think it …………… another very
sunny day.
a) is going to be b) is going c) will be d) are going to be
38) The ceiling of this room doesn‟t look very safe. It looks as if it
…………… down.
a) will fall b) is falling c) is going to fall d) falls
39) Look out! The rock is loose. It …………… on your head.
a) is going to fall b) will fall c) is falling d) falls
40) Be careful! You …………… your coffee.
a) will spill b) spill c) are spilling d) are going to spill
41) The only thing that we can be sure of is that technology
…………… stand still.
a) isn’t being b) won’t be c) isn’t going to d) don’t
42) I …………… the faculty of engineering when I grow up; it‟s my
intention.
a) will join b) am joining c) join d) am going to join
43) He …………… visit Cairo next week. He intended that.
a) is going to b) will go c) have gone d) go
44) A: What do you intend to study when you join the university?
B: I …………… engineering.
a) will study b) would study c) study d) am going to study
45) Next month, I …………… a new phone; it‟s my decision.
a) buy b) am going to buy c) will buy d) am buying
46) Next month, I …………… a new car. I‟ve already decided to do so.
a) will buy b) am buying c) buy d) am going to buy
47) A : “When are you leaving for Rome?”
B : “I …………… tomorrow afternoon.”
a) leaves b) ’ll leave c) ’m leaving d) ’m going to leave

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48) A: “Why are you carrying those bags?‟
B: “I …………… shopping.”
a) would go b) am going c) am going to d) will go
49) Experts …………… their new driverless cars tomorrow. They‟re
completely ready.
a) are testing b) test c) will test d) are going to test
50) I have prepared everything; I …………… to Paris.
a) am going to go b) go c) will go d) am going
51) I …………… to Saudi Arabia. I‟ve arranged.
a) will travel b) travel c) am travelling d) travelling
52) My cousins from Australia …………… with us in August. They
bought their tickets last week!
a) will stay b) are staying c) is staying d) are going to stay
53) We have our tickets! We …………… to London in the summer!
a) are going b) are going to go c) will go d) go
54) Dina can‟t see her friends this afternoon. She …………… her
mother in the kitchen.
a) helps b) is helping c) helped d) was helping
55) I can‟t visit you tonight as I …………… my uncle in the airport.
a) meet b) going to meet c) will meet d) am meeting
56) My English lesson ………… at 8 o‟clock tomorrow. It‟s a timetable.
a) will start b) is starting c) starts d) will have started
57) My plane …………… at 10:30 next Monday.
a) arrives b) will arrive c) is arriving d) is going to arrive
58) After I …………… home, I will take some rest.
a) arrived b) had arrived c) arrive d) has arrived
59) He is going to catch the bus when it …………….
a) arrives b) will arrive c) arrived d) arrive
60) After Samir …………… his homework, he will watch TV.
a) finish b) will finish c) finishes d) is finished

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1) I think there …………… flying taxis in most cities by 2030.

a) is going to be b) is c) will be d) would be
2) Do you think that people …………… in space one day?
a) will live b) are living c) lives d) are going to live
3) I think we …………… IOT everywhere in the future in all schools.
a) use b) going to use c) are using d) will use
4) Do you think that Cairo …………… bigger in the future?
a) is b) is going to be c) will be d) going to be
5) I hope you …………… me in my home one day.
a) am visiting b) will visit c) visits d) have visited
6) Mohammed Salah is a talented player. I think he …………… more
goals the next matches.
a) scores b) scored c) will score d) is going to score
7) I think I …………… more friends after I start going to the sports
club next week.
a) am having b) will have c) have d) am going to have
8) I expect you …………… your phone one day.
a) will break b) are breaking
c) are going to break d) break
9) Scientists expect that we …………… able to send texts by the
power of thought.
a) are b) are being c) will be d) are going to be
10) I promise I …………… hard this year.
a) to work b) am working c) will work d) would work
11) He promises that he …………… you if he has any news.
a) will email b) email c) is emailing d) would email
12) I …………… you a new smartphone if you study hard.
a) will buy b) would buy c) going to buy d) ’d have bought
13) Perhaps your grandchildren …………… their holidays on Mars!
a) are taking b) would take c) takes d) will take
14) Look at these dark clouds; it…………….
a) rain b) will probably rain c) rains d) going to rain
15) She doesn‟t study enough. I‟m afraid she …………… her exam.
a) won’t pass b) wouldn’t be c) won’t be passing d) won’t be passed

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16) The sky is cloudy. I think I …………… an umbrella.
a) will buy b) am buying c) buy d) is going to buy
17) The phone is ringing. I …………… it.
a) answered b) am answering c) will answer d) going to answer
18) I can‟t find the restaurant. I …………… my satnav.
a) would check b) will check c) checks d) ’m going to check
19) The classroom is cold. I …………… the window.
a) will close b) closes c) would close d) am going to close
20) Oh, that‟s the doorbell. I …………… it.
a) am going to get b) am getting c) would get d) will get
21) It‟s my grandfather‟s birthday next week. He …………… 70!
a) will be b) is going to be c) going to be d) are going to be
22) When Ali finishes university in two years‟ time, he …………… 21.
a) going to be b) are going to c) is going to d) will be
23) This school …………… ten years old this year.
a) would be b) will be c) was d) is going to be
24) More machines …………… to one another. It‟s a future fact.
a) connect b) would connect c) will connect d) are connecting
25) Those bags look heavy. I …………… you carry them.
a) would help b) am going to help c) help d) will help
26) I …………… the car for you.
a) cleaning b) cleans c) would clean d) will clean
27) I …………… you with the technology.
a) would help b) will help c) helps d) am going to help
28) …………… here at nine tomorrow, please?
a) Do you get b) Did you get c) Are you get d) Will you get
29) …………… lend me your camera, please?
a) Are you lend b) Will you lend c) Are you lending d) Did you lend
30) Run or you …………… the bus to school.
a) would miss b) are missing c) will miss d) are going to miss
31) The football players look very big. It …………… a difficult game.
a) going to be b) is being c) is going to d) is going to be
32) After ten months of warm weather, scientists say that this year
…………… the hottest year ever.
a) would be b) is going to be c) will be d) is being

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33) The wind is blowing the sand in the street. It is getting stronger.
There …………… a sandstorm.
a) ’s going to be b) will be c) is being d) would be
34) Companies have spent a lot of money on the next generation of
phones, so they …………… expensive.
a) would be b) are being c) are going to be d) going to be
35) You always leave your mobile phone on the chair. You ……………
break it.
a) going to b) are going to c) is going to d) will be
36) The cup ……………. It‟s on the edge of the table.
a) will fall b) is going to fall c) would fall d) is falling
37) My sister …………… a new born next February.
a) will get b) gets c) is going to get d) would get
38) Look out! You …………… break that glass.
a) will go to b) will c) are going to d) must
39) Watch out! The car …………… you! It‟s near.
a) is hitting b) is going to hit c) would hit d) will hit
40) Stop dropping your phone! You …………… it
a) will break b) are breaking
c) are going to break d) break
41) I …………… the conference as planned.
a) will attend b) am going to attend
c) am attending d) would attend
42) I …………… some clothes online this afternoon. I‟ve decided.
a) going to buy b) will buy c) am buying d) am going to buy
43) My cousin is studying medicine at university. She …………… a
doctor.
a) will be b) is going to be c) is being d) would be
44) These clothes are very cheap on the internet. I …………… them
when I get home.
a) buys b) going to buy
c) am going to buy d) am going to buying
45) A : “Why are you turning on the television?”
B : “I …………… the news.”
a) ’ll watch b) ’m watching c) watch d) ’m going to watch

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46) I have already booked the tickets; we …………… abroad today.
a) travel b) going to travel c) will travel d) are travelling
47) Nada has got her hotel reservations and her ticket to Dubai. She
…………… tomorrow.
a) is flying b) will fly c) flying d) flies
48) Tomorrow, we …………… Abu Simbel temples in Aswan.
a) will visit b) going to visit c) are visiting d) are going to visit
49) A: Have you seen the new James Bond film?
B: No, but I …………… it this afternoon with Jane.
a) see b) will see c) going to see d) am seeing
50) The school inspector …………… on Thursday.
a) comes b) will come c) is coming d) is going to come
51) Our school …………… part in the sports competition next year.
a) will take b) is taking c) takes d) is going to take
52) The first lesson …………… soon.
a) is starting b) start c) is starting d) going to start
53) The school inspector …………… at 10 o‟clock.
a) arrives b) will arrive c) is arriving d) is going to arrive
54) I …………… tomorrow, so we can go somewhere.
a) don't work b) won't work c) will work d) am not working
55) According to the timetable, the next bus …………… at 9.30 am.
a) is leaving b) leave c) leaves d) is going to leave
56) Our last period …………… at 2 o‟clock.
a) will end b) is ending c) ends d) is going to end
57) Our plane …………… at 5 o‟clock tomorrow morning.
a) will arrive b) leaves c) would leave d) is going to leave
58) We won‟t start the meeting until you …………….
a) will arrive b) has arrived c) arrived d) arrive
59) I will leave the hotel early if there …………… a lot of traffic.
a) be b) is c) was d) had been
60) I will wait until you …………… to collect me.
a) will come b) had come c) come d) came

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advise ‫ٌنصح‬ dare intend ‫ٌجرؤ‬ ‫ ٌنوي‬seek ‫ٌحاول‬

afford ‫ٌستطٌع شراء‬/‫ٌتحمل‬ decide invite ‫ٌقرر‬ ‫ ٌدعو‬seem ‫ٌبدو‬
agree ‫ٌوافق‬ decline learn ‫ٌرفض‬ ‫ ٌتعلم‬swear ‫ٌَعِد‬
aim ‫ٌهدؾ‬ demand manage ‫ٌطلب‬ ‫ ٌتمكن‬tend ‫ٌمٌل لـ‬
allow ‫ٌسمح‬ deserve need ‫ٌستحق‬ ‫ ٌحتاج‬threaten ‫ٌهدد‬
appear ‫ٌبدو‬ determine ‫ٌصمم‬/‫ٌقرر‬
neglect ‫ ٌهمل‬train ‫ٌتدرب‬
arrange ‫ٌرتب‬ expect offer ‫ٌتوقع‬ ‫ ٌعرض‬trouble ‫ٌبذل جهد‬
ask ‫ٌسأل‬ fail ought )‫ ٌجب (نصٌحة‬undertake
‫ٌرسب‬ ‫ٌَعِد‬
attempt ‫ٌحاول‬ force plan ‫ٌُ ِجبر‬ ‫ ٌخطط‬used ‫إعتاد أن‬
beg ‫ٌتوسل‬ get prepare ‫ٌنجح‬ ‫ ٌُجهز‬volunteer ‫ٌتطوع‬
(can't) bear ‫(ال)ٌ ْق َبل‬ happen pretend ‫ٌتظاهر‬/‫ ٌزعم‬want
‫ٌحدث‬ ‫ٌرٌد‬
care = want ‫ٌرٌد‬ hate proceed ‫ٌستمر‬/‫ ٌُتابع‬wish ‫ ٌأمل‬/ ‫ٌتمنى‬
‫ٌكره‬
choose ‫ٌختار‬ have )ً‫ٌجب (الزام خارج‬
promise ‫ ٌَعِد‬would hate ‫ٌكره‬
claim ‫ ٌدعى‬/ ‫ٌزعم‬ help prove ‫ ٌُ َب ْرهِن‬/‫ ٌُ ْث ِبت‬would like ‫ٌود أن‬
‫ٌساعد‬
come ً‫ٌأت‬ hesitaterefuse ‫ٌتردد‬ ‫ ٌرفض‬would love ‫ٌحب‬
consent ‫ٌقبل‬/‫ٌوافق‬ hope remind ‫ٌأمل‬ ‫ ٌُذكر‬would prefer‫ٌفضل‬
1. Ali is planning to go to university. He hopes to study medicine.
2. The boys have arranged to play football after school.
3. He used to spend all his free time writing.

advise ‫ٌنصح‬ expect ‫ٌتوقع‬ like ‫ٌحب‬ request ‫ٌطلب‬

allow ‫ٌسمح‬ forbid ‫ٌمنع‬ love ‫ٌحب‬ require ‫ٌتطلب‬
ask ‫ٌطلب‬ force ‫ٌُجبر‬ mean ‫ٌنوي‬ take ‫ٌستؽرق‬
beg ‫ٌتوسل‬ get ‫ٌرتب‬/‫ٌقنع‬ need ‫ٌحتاج‬ teach ‫ٌُعلِّم‬
(can't) bear ‫(ال)ٌ ْق َبل‬ hate ‫ٌكره‬ oblige ‫ ٌُلزم‬/‫ٌُ ْجبِر‬ tell ‫ٌُخبر‬
cause ‫ٌُسبب‬ help ‫ٌساعد‬ order ‫ٌأمر‬ tempt ‫ٌُقنع‬
challenge ‫ٌتحدى‬ hire ‫ٌستأجر‬ pay ‫ٌدفع مال‬ train ‫ٌتدرب‬
command ‫ٌأمر‬ instruct ‫ٌأمر‬ permit ‫ ٌُ َم ِّكن‬/‫ٌسمح‬ trouble ‫ٌبذل جهد‬
compel ‫ٌُجبر‬ intend ‫ٌنوي‬ persuade ‫ٌُقنع‬ urge ‫ٌحث‬
drive ‫ٌدفع الى‬/‫ٌُجبر‬ invite ‫ٌدعو‬ prefer ‫ٌُفضل‬ want ‫ٌرٌد‬
enable ‫ٌُ َم ِّكن‬ lead ‫ٌؤدي الى‬ recommend ً‫ٌوص‬ warn ‫ٌحذر‬
encourage ‫ٌُشجع‬ leave ‫ٌتخلى عن‬ remind ‫ٌُ َذ ِّكر‬ wish ‫ ٌأمل‬/ ‫ٌتمنى‬
1. I managed to persuade my son not to travel alone.
2. The bad weather forced people to stay at home.
3. I didn‟t move the piano by myself. I got somebody to help me.

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admit (to) ‫ٌعترؾ بـ‬ discuss ‫ٌناقش‬ include ‫ٌشمل‬ recommend ‫ٌوصً بـ‬
adore ‫ٌحب جدا‬ dislike ‫ٌكره‬ involve ‫ٌشمل‬ report ‫ٌخبر‬/‫ٌبلػ‬
anticipate ‫ٌتوقع‬ enjoy ‫ٌستمتع‬ keep (on) ‫ٌستمر‬ resent ‫ٌستاء من‬
appreciate ‫ٌُقدر‬ escape ‫ٌهرب‬ mention ‫ٌذ ُكر‬ resist ‫ٌقاوم‬
avoid ‫ٌتجنب‬ fancy ‫ٌتخٌل‬ mind ‫ٌمانع‬ resume ‫ٌستأنؾ‬
carry on ‫ٌستمر‬ finish ً‫ٌنه‬ miss ‫ ٌتجنب‬/‫ٌفتقد‬ risk ‫ٌخاطر‬
confess ‫ٌعترؾ‬ forgive ‫ٌسامح‬ postpone ‫ٌؤجل‬ save ‫ٌوفر‬
consider ‫ٌفكر‬ give up ‫ٌتوقؾ عن‬ practice ‫ٌمارس‬ suggest ‫ٌقترف‬
delay ‫ٌؤجل‬ go (for activities) ‫ٌذهب‬ put off ‫ٌؤجل‬ tolerate ‫ٌسامح‬/‫ٌتحمل‬
deny ‫ٌنكر‬ imagine ‫ٌتخٌل‬ quit ‫ٌهجر‬/‫ٌترك‬ understand ‫ٌفهم‬
1. You must avoid mixing with bad friends.
2. I didn‟t finish doing my homework until 10 o‟clock last night.
3. They considered moving abroad.
4. Before you go to London, you should practise speaking English.
5. My parents suggested going to the theatre.

avoid ‫ ٌتجنب‬hate ‫ٌكره‬ mean ‫ٌشمل‬ risk ‫ٌخاطر‬

can't help ‫ (ال)ٌ ْق َبل‬imagine ‫ٌتخٌل‬ mention ‫ٌذكر‬ save ‫ٌوفر‬
catch ‫ ٌالحظ‬involve ‫ٌشمل‬ mind ‫ٌمانع‬ smell ‫ٌشم‬
dislike ‫ ٌكره‬justify ‫ٌبرر‬ miss ‫ ٌتجنب‬/‫ٌفتقد‬ spend ً‫ٌقض‬
dread ‫ٌخاؾ‬/‫ ٌفزع‬keep ‫ٌستمر‬ prefer ‫ٌفضل‬ stop ‫ٌمنع‬
enjoy ‫ ٌستمتع‬leave ‫ٌترك‬ prevent ‫ٌمنع‬ tolerate ‫ٌسامح‬/‫ٌتحمل‬
excuse ‫ ٌؽفر‬like ‫ٌحب‬ remember ‫ٌتذكر‬ understand ‫ٌفهم‬
find ‫ ٌجد‬lose ‫ٌُضٌع‬ resent ‫ٌستاء من‬ waste ‫ٌسرؾ‬
forget ‫ ٌنسى‬love ‫ٌحب‬ resist ‫ٌقاوم‬

1. Nobody can stop / prevent him (from) doing what he wants to.
2. A: “Sorry to keep you waiting so long.” B: “That‟s all right.”
3. I can smell something burning.
4. I dislike people telling me what to think.
5. They left me waiting in the rain for an hour.

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adapt to ‫ ٌتأقلم مع‬apply … to ‫ على‬... ‫ ٌنطبق‬be / get accustomed to ‫معتاد على‬

lead to ‫ ٌؤدي الى‬contribute to ً‫ ٌساهم ف‬become accustomed to ‫معتاد على‬

object to ‫ ٌعترض على‬get round to ‫ٌجد وقت للقٌام بـ‬ be / get used to ‫معتاد على‬
own up to ‫ ٌعترؾ بـ‬in addition to ‫ باإلضافة الى‬become used to ‫معتاد على‬
owing to ‫ بسبب‬look forward to ‫ ٌتطلع الى‬be exposed to ‫ض لـ‬
ْ ‫ُم َع َّر‬
take to ‫ ٌعتاد على‬prefer … to … ..‫عن‬..‫ ٌفضل‬be opposed to ‫ٌعترض على‬

1. She objects to working on Saturdays.

2. I prefer reading to swimming.

as well as ‫ باإلضافة الى‬be good at ً‫ جٌد ف‬feel like ‫ ٌرٌد‬/ً‫ٌرؼب ف‬

be afraid of ‫ خائؾ‬be interested in ‫ مهتم بـ‬have difficulty (in) ً‫لدٌه صعوبة ف‬

be bad at ً‫ سًء ف‬be keen on ‫ متحمس لـ‬have trouble ‫لدٌه مشكلة‬

be bored with ‫ شاعر بالملل‬be sorry for ‫ ٌأسؾ على‬How about )‫ما رأٌك (إقتراف‬
be busy ‫ مشؽول‬be tired of ‫ ُمتعب‬It’s (no) good ‫لٌس من الصالح‬

be crazy about ‫ مجنون‬can’t help ‫ ال ٌستطٌع أن ٌساعد‬It’s (no) worth ‫ال فائدة من‬
be fond of ‫ مؽرم بـ‬can’t stand ‫ ال ٌستطٌع تحمل‬It’s no use ‫ال فائدة من‬

1. As well as going to the cinema, he likes reading stories.

2. I don‟t feel like going out tonight.
3. She can‟t help crying whenever she peels onions.

1. He began to write / writing when he was a child.

2. Ali intends buying / to buy a house.
3. We continued discussing / to discuss the plans.
4. Don‟t bother locking / to lock the door.
NOTE : We never have two -ing forms together.
V.ing ‫ فقط ولٌس‬to + inf. ‫إذا جاءت األفعال السابقة فً زمن مستمر ٌأتً بعدها‬
5. It’s starting to rain. (NOT: It’s starting raining…)

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with little difference

 : I enjoy something.
1. Mary likes reading poetry.
2. I love reading my friend’s social media posts.
 : when we talk about a situation that already exists or existed.
3. Ali likes living in Cairo. (He lives in Cairo and he likes it.)
4. I hated working in my office. (I worked there and I hated it.)
 : I think it is a good thing to do, but I don’t necessarily enjoy it.
5. I like to have my tyres checked whenever I buy petrol.
6. I like to pay my bills on time.
7. The gardener doesn’t like to talk because he has to work hard.
( = It is not a good idea for him to talk.)

1. She likes painting.

2. The children really enjoyed reading those poems.

1. I would like to paint your portrait.

2. Would you like to join faculty of arts?

1. I listened to Ali singing a song. (I listened to part of the song.)

2. I listened to Ali sing a song. (I listen to the whole song.)

NOTE : can / could + see / hear + ‫ مفعول‬V.ing

3. We could see smoke coming out of the building.
NOT: (We could see smoke come …)

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1. He remembered to see the man. ‫ٌتذكر أن ٌفعل‬

(= He remembered and then saw the man.)
2. He remembered seeing the man. ‫ٌتذكر أنه فعل‬
(= He saw the man and later remembered.)

3. He forgot to lock the door. (= He didn’t lock it.) ‫ٌنسى أن ٌفعل‬

4. He forgot locking the door. ‫ٌنسى أنه فعل‬
(= He locked it but couldn’t remember.)

5. I regret to inform you that you have failed. ‫ٌشعر باألسؾ ألنه مضطر لعمل شًء‬
(= I’m sorry that I have to inform you that you have failed.)
6. He regretted selling his house. ‫ٌندم على عمل شًء‬
(= He was sorry that he had to sell it. )
(= He sold his house and now he is sorry about it.)

7. He stopped to listen to music. ‫ٌتوقؾ لكً ٌفعل شًء آخـر‬

(= He stopped what he was doing to listen to music.)
8. He stopped listening to music. )‫ٌتوقؾ عن فعل شًء (بشكل دائم أو مؤقت‬
(= He didn’t listen to music any more.)

9. Try to open the door. (= See if you can open the door.) ‫ٌحاول‬
10. Try opening the door. (= What happens if you open the door?) ‫ٌجرب‬

11. After checking the homework, the teacher went on to explain the
lesson. ً‫ الشًء التال‬/‫ٌفعل شىء آخـر‬
12. We need to change. We can’t go on living like this.
‫ٌستمر فى عمل نفس الشىء‬

1. The carpet needs cleaning. (= needs to be cleaned.)

2. The car wants servicing. (= needs to be serviced.)
3. I don’t think his article deserves reading. (= deserves to be read.)

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1. Can you help me to move the table?

2. Can you help me move the table?

1. Everyone helped to clean up after the party.

2. Everyone helped clean up after the party.

1. The official made me fill in a form.

2. The headmaster let the pupils go home early.
3. I'll have the porter bring up your luggage.

1. We advise booking in advance. ‫ُمقدما‬ ( no object )

2. He advised us to book in advance. ( object )
3. We were advised to book in advance. ( passive )

negative meaning
positive meaning
positive meaning

1. This shirt is too large (for me) to wear it.

2. They are rich enough to have three cars.
3. I can’t walk fast enough to keep up with you.
4. He has got enough money to buy a car.

1. I’ll
make you something to eat.
2. He doesn’t have anywhere to stay.
3. He has nowhere to stay.

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)7
- ask - choose - decide - discuss - explain how , what
- find out - forget - know - learn - remember which, who to+inf.
- show - teach - think - wonder - understand where

1. He got lost. He didn’t know where to go.

2. The map shows how to travel by metro.
3. I don’t know )how( to use this mobile.
4. My father taught me (how) to play the trumpet.

1. You had better study hard. ( had better + inf. )

2. I’d rather study than watch TV. ( would rather + inf… than + inf…)
3. I prefer French to English. ( prefer + n. / V.ing to n. / V.ing )
4. I (would) prefer to start exercising rather than go on a diet.
( would prefer to + inf… + rather than + inf…)

5. I suggest / recommend that we (should) go for a swim.

( suggest / recommend that ‫ فاعل آخـر‬+ inf. OR should + inf. )

6. It was easy for me to do the job. ( It is / was + adj. for object + to inf. )
7. Ali was the first student to reach school.
( ‫ فاعل‬be the first / second / next / last / best + (n.) + to inf. )

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1) Do you think we will be able to afford ……...… on holiday this year?

a) to going b) going c) to go d) go
2) Amira agreed …………… the medicine, although she didn‟t like it.
a) to take b) taking c) took d) take
3) I‟ve arranged …………… to Saudi Arabia.
a) travel b) to travelling c) to travel d) travelled
4) The family chose …………… a house in Samoa.
a) to build b) build c) building d) builds
5) Nesma decided …………… the film instead.
a) watch b) watching c) watches d) to watch
6) We decided …………… the weekend in my village.
a) spend b) to spend c) spending d) spent
7) Children deserve …………… well respected and treated.
a) being b) be c) having been d) to be
8) He hopes …………… the test first time.
a) passing b) to pass c) pass d) passed
9) Next year, he‟s going to learn …………….
a) drive b) to driving c) to drive d) drive
10) I couldn‟t neglect …………… his invitation to his wedding party.
a) accept b) to accepting c) accepting d) to accept
11) My uncle has offered …………… me how to play tennis.
a) teaching b) to teach c) teach d) taught
12) What are you planning …………… when you get back?
a) do b) to do c) doing d) did
13) Ramy promised …………… me to finish my school project.
a) helps b) help c) helping d) to help
14) Although I asked him politely, he refused …………… for what he
had done.
a) apologised b) to apologise c) apologise d) to apologising
15) My son was annoyed. He seemed …………… bad marks in the
exams.
a) to get b) getting c) to getting d) get
16) Personal cleanliness is important if you want …………… healthy.
a) stay b) to stay c) staying d) stays

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17) I wish …………… a car.
a) to have b) to having c) have d) has
18) You look very ill. I advise you …………… a doctor at once.
a) saw b) seeing c) see d) to see
19) The money enabled him …………… a computer.
a) buy b) to buy c) buying d) bought
20) The doctor told me …………… in bed but I thought it was so
boring.
a) to stay b) to staying c) staying d) stay
21) Try to avoid …………… with bad friends who have bad habits.
a) mix b) to mix c) to mixing d) mixing
22) I consider …………… Luxor and Aswan my best memory ever.
a) visit b) visiting c) to visiting d) to visit
23) The thief denied …………… the money.
a) stolen b) was stealing c) to steal d) stealing
24) Taha has always enjoyed …………… poetry.
a) reads b) to read c) reading d) to reading
25) He finished …………… Treasure Island while he was ill in bed.
a) write b) writing c) write d) write
26) I didn‟t finish …………… my homework until 10 o‟clock last night.
a) do b) to doing c) to do d) doing
27) Part of the exam includes …………… in Arabic.
a) write b) to write c) written d) writing
28) To stay warm in cold weather, you‟ve got to keep …………….
a) move b) moving c) moved d) moves
29) Would you mind …………… me to the airport?
a) drive b) driving c) to drive d) drives
30) It‟s very nice here but I really miss …………… my friends.
a) saw b) to see c) seeing d) seen
31) To be good at music, you have to practise …………… every day.
a) playing b) to play c) play d) played
32) Mr Sayed recommended ………… his notes. They are really useful.
a) study b) studying c) to study d) to studying
33) We didn‟t understand the recording, so the teacher suggested
…………… to it again.
a) listen b) listening c) to listen d) listens

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34) I suggest that Samy …………… the club.
a) join b) joined c) has joined d) will join
35) My cousin spends a lot of time …………… photos on the internet.
a) post b) posted c) posting d) posts
36) Many people in our town object …………… the new bridge.
a) to build b) to building c) building d) built
37) Owing …………… hard, my daughter could join the university she
liked.
a) study b) to study c) to studying d) studying
38) In addition …………… the bus, she also lost her umbrella.
a) miss b) to missing c) missing d) missed
39) I‟m looking forward …………… the Faculty of Engineering.
a) to join b) joining c) to joining d) join
40) She prefers …………… skirts to trousers.
a) wear b) to wear c) to wearing d) wearing
41) My mother is good at …………… quick decisions.
a) make b) making c) made d) makes
42) I‟m sorry for …………… your birthday. It was awful of me.
a) forget b) forgets c) forgetting d) forgot
43) I‟m sorry …………… that you have failed the exam.
a) to say b) saying c) says d) say
44) His father has just died. He can‟t help …………….
a) cry b) crying c) to cry d) cries
45) The wind began …………… just as we arrived home from school.
a) to blow b) blow c) blowing d) a & c
46) Last week, I started …………… a new language.
a) learning b) to learn c) a & b d) learnt
47) Even though we were really tired, we continued …………… until
we got home.
a) to run b) running c) ran d) a & b
48) Young children like …………… to sing.
a) learn b) learns c) learned d) to learn
49) I love …………… poetry.
a) reading b) read c) to reading d) reads
50) I prefer …………… in a swimming pool.
a) to swim b) swimming c) swim d) a & b

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51) I would love …………… this book.
a) borrowing b) borrow c) borrows d) to borrow
52) One day, I‟d like …………… poems myself.
a) write b) to write c) writing d) writes
53) I like listening to Dr El-Baz …………… on television. I can‟t miss a
word of his speech.
a) talking b) to talk c) to talking d) talk
54) I always hear the birds …………… in the morning.
a) to sing b) to singing c) singing d) sings
55) My father allowed me …………… my friend using his own phone.
a) phoning b) phone c) to phone d) to phoning
56) We never allow …………… in this school.
a) bully b) bullying c) to bully d) is bullied
57) Dalia remembers …………… comics every week when I was
young.
a) to buy b) buying c) buy d) buys
58) Dalia always remembers …………… a comic for her niece when
she visits her sister.
a) buying b) buys c) to buy d) to buying
59) When I was young, I remember …………… my grandmother every
week
a) visited b) visit c) visiting d) to visit
60) I love my grandmother. I remember …………… her every week.
a) to visit b) visit c) visiting d) visits
61) Sorry, I forgot …………… bread when I went to the shops.
a) to buy b) buying c) buy d) bought
62) I will never forget …………… the Queen.
a) meet b) meeting c) to meet d) met
63) I regret …………… you that I have broken your camera.
a) to tell b) telling c) tell d) tells
64) I regretted …………… my mother yesterday as she was really ill.
a) helping b) to help c) not to help d) not helping
65) Ahmed stopped …………… football when he went to university.
a) playing b) play c) to play d) played
66) Ahmed stopped …………… football on his way home.
a) playing b) play c) to play d) played

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67) I had a headache, so I tried …………… some medicine.
a) take b) taking c) to take d) took
68) I tried …………… some medicine, but the chemist was closed.
a) buying b) buy c) to buy d) buys
69) He helped me …………… my application form.
a) fill b) filling c) to fill d) a & c
70) Her teacher let her …………… her lunch into the classroom.
a) bring b) to bring c) bringing d) brought
71) He often tries to make us …………….
a) laughing b) to laugh c) laugh d) laughs
72) This flat is too small for us …………… in anymore.
a) to live b) live c) living d) lives
73) She isn‟t tall enough ………… the top shelf, so she uses a ladder.
a) reach b) to reach c) reaching d) reaches
74) He has enough patience …………… after the children.
a) look b) looking c) looks d) to look
75) Neil Armstrong was the first person …………… on the moon.
a) step b) to step c) steps d) stepping

1) A famous scientist has agreed …………… an article.

a) writing b) to write c) write d) writes
2) We have arranged …………… at 9 o'clock.
a) to meet b) will meet c) to meeting d) met
3) Which book did you choose …………… at the library?
a) reading b) to read c) reads d) read
4) My cousin has decided …………… Japanese.
a) learning b) learns c) learn d) to learn
5) Aisha decided …………… a travel book.
a) to buy b) buying c) buys d) buy
6) Last summer I decided …………… on holiday to Greece with my
friends.
a) go b) going c) not to go d) went
7) The hotels in this city hope …………… from the new airport.
a) profits b) to profiting c) profited d) to profit

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8) My four-year-old brother is learning …………… a bicycle.
a) to riding b) rides c) to ride d) ride
9) Basel offered …………… me with my homework.
a) helped b) helping c) to help d) help
10) Rami offered …………… his grandmother with her shopping.
a) helping b) help c) help d) to help
11) I‟m planning …………… a car in two or three months.
a) to buy b) buying c) buys d) buy
12) Yasser plans …………… abroad next year.
a) working b) work c) works d) to work
13) My grandmother promised …………… me some cakes when
I next visit.
a) making b) to make c) made d) makes
14) I promise …………… you when I arrive at our cousins‟ house.
a) phone b) phones c) to phone d) phoning
15) My father threatened …………… me owing to my repeated
mistakes.
a) punish b) punishing c) to punishing d) to punish
16) Our school wants …………… more computers.
a) to buy b) buys c) buying d) buy
17) I always advise my children …………… their time.
a) to waste b) wasting c) not to waste d) not wasting
18) My parents always encourage me …………… hard.
a) to work b) working c) to working d) work
19) The police forced the criminal …………… the truth about the theft.
a) say b) saying c) to saying d) to say
20) Please, remind your brother …….… me the book he has borrowed.
a) getting b) to get c) to getting d) get
21) You should avoid …………… out at night.
a) going b) go c) to go d) went
22) He must avoid …………… those mistakes.
a) repeat b) to repeat c) to repeating d) repeating
23) Mai denied …………… the dishes as she was afraid of her mother.
a) breaking b) to break c) to braking d) break
24) She enjoys …………… with her grandchildren.
a) to play b) play c) to playing d) playing

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25) Sara and Hana enjoy …………… swimming.
a) going b) to go c) go d) went
26) Have you finished …………… your room yet?
a) to clean b) cleaning c) clean d) cleaned
27) When Karim finished ……………, he was very tired.
a) running b) to run c) ran d) run
28) Have you finished …………… that book that I gave you?
a) to read b) reading c) read d) from reading
29) That‟s OK. I‟ll keep …………… the flat. It won‟t take long.
a) cleans b) cleaned c) cleaning d) clean
30) I don‟t mind …………… for the weekend with you.
a) stay b) to staying c) to stay d) staying
31) You should always practise …………… to English.
a) listen b) listening c) to listen d) listens
32) We all recommend …………… that book.
a) that read b) that he read c) to read d) to reading
33) The teacher suggested …………… the information on the internet.
a) to find b) find c) found d) finding
34) My teacher suggested …………… to the library to borrow some
poetry books.
a) go b) to go c) to going d) going
35) You can‟t stop me …………… what I want.
a) doing b) do c) to do d) that I do
36) Don‟t blame me …………… lost. You have the map and I couldn‟t
know the way.
a) to get b) on getting c) for getting d) to getting
37) I prefer sleeping early to …………… up late watching television.
a) staying b) stay c) stays d) be staying
38) I prefer being jobless to ………...… like a slave in such a company.
a) be treated b) treating c) being treated d) treat me
39) He is used …………… alone now.
a) living b) to live c) to living d) lives
40) He used …………… up late, but now he doesn‟t.
a) getting b) to get c) to getting d) gets
41) She tried to be serious, but she couldn‟t help…………….
a) laughing b) to laugh c) laughed d) laugh

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42) I can‟t stand …………… around doing nothing.
a) sit b) sitting c) to sit d) to sitting
43) It‟s no use …………… fast as the train has left already.
a) run b) running c) ran d) to run
44) I think this nice story is worth …………… by all students.
a) to read b) to reading c) reading d) read
45) He began …………… stories when he was a young man.
a) to write b) write c) writing d) a & c
46) Ali started …………… preparations for his sister‟s wedding party.
a) make b) making c) to making d) makes
47) What do you intend …………… at the weekend?
a) to do b) do c) doing d) a & c
48) Children love …………… in the sand on the beach.
a) dig b) digging c) to digging d) dug
49) I hate …………… to work at the busiest times.
a) travel b) travelling c) to travel d) b & c
50) I would prefer …………… to the beach at the weekend.
a) to go b) goes c) go d) going
51) Would you like …………… the faculty of arts?
a) joins b) join c) to join d) joining
52) I didn‟t hear you …………… in. You must have been very quiet.
a) come b) to come c) came d) are coming
53) We saw the girls …………… football as we drove past the field.
a) play b) to play c) playing d) to playing
54) I wasn‟t allowed …………… a day off as there was much work.
a) take b) taking c) to taking d) to take
55) The rules of the library don‟t allow …………….
a) to smoking b) smoking c) smoke d) to smoke
56) My father allows …………… our friends using his own phone.
a) phoning b) phone c) to phone d) to phoning
57) Remember …………… your homework tomorrow.
a) bring b) to bring c) bringing d) brings
58) I remember …………… this man a year ago.
a) meet b) to meet c) met d) meeting

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59) I remember …………… that young men last summer when I was in
Sharm El Sheikh.
a) to see b) see c) seeing d) had seen
60) It‟s important to remember …………… for your exams.
a) revise b) to revise c) revised d) revising
61) I forgot …………… milk when I went to the shops.
a) buying b) to buy c) buy d) buys
62) I will never forget …………… by plane for the first time.
a) travelling b) to travel c) travel d) travelled
63) I regret …………… you that your application has been
unsuccessful.
a) to informing b) inform c) to inform d) informing
64) I regret …………… this old car; it has caused me a lot of trouble.
a) buy b) buying c) to buy d) bought
65) Mona stopped …………… to her friend on her way home.
a) talked b) talk c) to talk d) talking
66) Mona stopped …………… to her friend after they had a fight.
a) talked b) talk c) to talk d) talking
67) You should try …………… a lot of water every day.
a) drink b) drinking c) drank d) drunk
68) Try not …………… any noise when you go into the library.
a) making b) to make c) makes d) made
69) We couldn‟t find anywhere …………… the car.
a) park b) parked c) parking d) to park
70) Could you explain how …………… this math problem.
a) answering b) to answer c) to answering d) answer
71) We had better …………… or we will miss the train.
a) run b) to run c) running d) to running
72) I‟d rather …………… at home. I‟m exhausted.
a) to stay b) staying c) stay d) stayed
73) I‟m ashamed …………… that the underground is dirty.
a) to see b) seeing c) see d) to seeing
74) It was kind of him …………… me tidy the house.
a) help b) helping c) to help d) helped
75) Nabawiya Musa was the first Egyptian ….......… secondary school.
a) join b) joining c) to join d) joins

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