CONTENT PAGE

Irregular verbs 2
Pronouns 7
Auxiliaries 11
Countable and uncountable 15
Tenses 17
 Irregular Verbs
‫األفعال الشاذة‬

‫تم ترتيب الفعال حسب نغمة الفعل و ليس حسب الترتيب البجدي حتى يسهل على الطالب حفظ هذه األفعال‬
(d, ed, ied) ‫ما تبقى من أفعال تكون منتظمة فتنتهي بـ‬
‫أمثلة على األفعال المنتظمة‬

arrive - arrived - arrived

wait - waited - waited
study - studied - studied
play - played - played

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Break Broke Broken ‫يكسر‬
Speak Spoke Spoken ‫يتكلم‬
Steal Stole Stolen ‫يسرق‬
Drive Drove Driven ‫يقود مركبة‬
Ride Rode Ridden ‫يركب‬
Rise Rose Risen ‫يرتفع‬
Write Wrote Written ‫يكتب‬
Shake Shook Shaken ‫يهز‬
Take Took Taken ‫يأخذ‬
Wake up Woke up Woken up ‫يوقظ‬
Choose Chose Chosen ‫يختار‬
Forget Forgot Forgotten ‫ينسى‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Be (is, am) Was Been ‫يكون‬
Be (are) Were Been ‫يكون‬
See Saw Seen ‫يرى‬
 V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING
Bite Bit Bitten ‫يعض‬
Hide Hid Hidden ‫يخفي‬
Eat Ate Eaten ‫يأكل‬
Fall Fell Fallen ‫يسقط‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Prove Proved Proven / proved ‫ يبرهن‬/ ‫يثبت‬
Show Showed Shown / showed ‫يظهر‬/ ‫يعرض‬
Shine Shone Shone ‫ تشرق‬/ ‫يشع‬
Tear Tore Torn ‫يمزق‬
Wear Wore Worn ‫يلبس‬
Weave Wove / weaved Woven / weaved ‫ينسج‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Become Became Become ‫يصبح‬
Come Came Come ‫يأتي‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Blow Blew Blown ‫ينفخ‬/ ‫تهب‬
Draw Drew Drawn ‫يسحب‬/ ‫يرسم‬
Fly Flew Flown ‫يطير‬
Grow Grew Grown ‫ يزداد‬/ ‫ينمو‬
Know Knew Known ‫يعرف‬
Throw Threw Thrown ‫يرمي‬
 V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING
Bend Bent Bent ‫ينحني‬
Build Built Built ‫يبني‬
Burn Burnt Burnt ‫يحترق‬/ ‫يحرق‬
Deal Dealt Dealt ‫يتعامل‬
Dream Dreamt Dreamt ‫يحلم‬
Feel Felt Felt ‫يشعر‬
Keep Kept Kept ‫يحفظ‬
Leave Left Left ‫يغادر‬/ ‫يترك‬
Lend Lent Lent ‫يقرض‬
Mean Meant Meant ‫يعني‬
Meet Met Met ‫يقابل‬
Send Sent Sent ‫يرسل‬
Sleep Slept Slept ‫ينام‬
Smell Smelt Smelt ‫ يصدر رائحة‬/ ‫يشم‬
Spend Spent Spent ‫ينفق‬/ ‫يقضي‬
Spill Spilt / spilled Spilt / spilled ‫يسكب‬
Spell Spelt / spelled Spelt / spelled ‫يتهجأ‬
Lose Lost Lost ‫ يفقد‬/ ‫يخسر‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Find Found Found ‫يجد‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Bring Brought Brought ‫يجلب‬
Buy Bought Bought ‫يشتري‬
Catch Caught Caught ‫يمسك‬
Seek Sought Sought ‫يبحث‬
Teach Taught Taught ‫يعلم‬
Think Thought Thought ‫ يعتقد‬/ ‫يفكر‬
 V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING
Cost Cost Cost ‫يكلف‬
Cut Cut Cut ‫يجرح‬/ ‫يقطع‬
Hit Hit Hit ‫يضرب‬
Hurt Hurt Hurt ‫يجرح‬/ ‫يؤذي‬
Let Let Let ‫يسمح‬/ ‫يدع‬
Put Put Put ‫يضع‬
Read Read Read ‫يقرأ‬
Shut Shut Shut ‫يغلق‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Get Got Got ‫يحصل على‬
Stick Stuck Stuck ‫يلصق‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Drink Drank Drunk ‫يشرب‬
Ring Rang Rung ‫يقرع‬
Sing Sang Sung ‫يغني‬
Swim Swam Swum ‫يسبح‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Begin Began Begun ‫يبدأ‬
Do Did Done ‫ ينجز‬/ ‫يعمل‬
Go Went Gone ‫يذهب‬
 V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING
Feed Fed Fed ‫ يغذي‬/ ‫يتغذى‬
Hold Held Held ‫ يعقد‬/ ‫يمسك‬
Lead Led Led ‫يقود‬
Have Had Had ‫يملك‬
Hear Heard Heard ‫يسمع‬
Lay Laid Laid ‫يضع‬
Pay Paid Paid ‫يدفع‬
Say Said Said ‫يقول‬
Make Made Made ‫ يؤدي‬/ ‫ يصنع‬/ ‫يعمل‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Forgive Forgave Forgiven ‫يسامح‬
Give Gave Given ‫يعطي‬

V.1 V.2 V.3 MEANING

Lie Lay Lain ‫يستلقي‬
Run Ran Run ‫ يدير‬/ ‫يركض‬
Sew Sewed Sewn / Sewed ‫يخيط‬
Stand Stood Stood ‫يقف‬
Understand Understood Understood ‫يفهم‬
Sell Sold sold ‫يبيع‬
Tell Told Told ‫يخبر‬
Sit Sat Sat ‫يجلس‬
Win Won Won ‫يفوز‬
 PRONOUNS
Pronouns
‫الضمائر‬

Subject Object Possessive

I Me My
He Him His
She Her Her
They Them Their
We Us Our
You You Your

It It Its

A) Subject pronouns: ‫ضمائر الفاعل‬

(I, he, she, they, we, you, it)
‫تأتي ضمائر الفاعل في بداية الجملة قبل الفاعل‬
1. ………….. works in this café on Mondays and Wednesdays.
(Her, Hers, She)

2. ………….. is going to rain soon.

(It, Its, Itself)

3. …………… don’t go to school on Saturdays and Fridays.

(Us, We, Our)

B) Object pronouns: ‫ضمائر المفعول به‬

(me, him, her, them, us, you, it)
‫تأتي ضمائر المفعول به في وسط أو نهاية الجملة بعد الفعل أو بعد حروف الجر‬

(on, in, at, for, from, with, without, into, onto, against, between etc…)

1. All obstacles are against……………….

(me, I , my)

2. Our teacher has given …………a difficult exam.

(we, us, ours)

3. Salma looks at …………….in a weird way.

(their, theirs, them)
 :‫يجب االنتباه و التمييز‬
1. Ahmad will invite …………….to his party.
(you, your , yours)

2. …………will invite Ahmad to the party.

(You, Your, Yours)

C) Adjective pronouns: ‫ضمائر الصفة‬

(my, his, her, their, our, your, its)

:‫تأتي ضمائر الصفة في بداية أو وسط الجملة قبل االسم‬

1. ………….father works as a doctor in the national hospital.

(Me, I , My)

2. Maha looks at …………car happily.

(she, her, hers)

3. …………….house is not far from here.

(Their, Theirs, Them)

:‫يجب االنتباه و التمييز‬

1. Ahmad will invite …………….to his party.
(she, her , hers)

2. Ahmad will invite ……………. sister to his party.

(she, her , hers)
D) Possessive pronouns: ‫ضمائر الملكية‬
(mine, his, hers, theirs, ours, yours, its)

‫ ) او بعد الفعل وال يجوز استخدام اسم بعد‬of ( ‫تأتي ضمائر الملكية في وسط أو نهاية الجملة بعد حرف الجر‬
:‫ضمائر الصفة‬

1. A friend of ………….has invited me to have dinner with him.

(mine, my , me)

2. This car is ………….

(her, she, hers)

3. My brother took my bag and I took ………………….

(he, him, his)

:‫يجب االنتباه و التمييز‬

1. That is …………….house.
(he, him , his)

2. That house is ……………..

(he, him , his)

E) Reflexive pronouns: ‫الضمائر المنعكسة‬

(myself, himself, herself, themselves, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, itself)

.‫تأتي الضمائر المنعكسة بعد الفعل او بعد حروف الجر وذلك اذا كان المفعول به هو نفسه الفاعل‬

1. Ahmad helps ………….when he faces an obstacle.

(he, his , himself)

2. Zaina is looking at ………….in the mirror.

(her, herself, hers)

3. The kitten is feeding ………………….

(it, its, itself)
• Fill in the blank spaces with the correct pronoun.

1. ………….am going home today evening.

(I, me, my, mine)

2. ………….aunt will be vacating next week.

(She, Her, Hers, Herself)

3. ………….is the girl I was talking to you about.

(She, Her, Hers, Herself)

4. Did you do it ………….?

(you, your, yours, yourself)

5. ………….always help each other out.

(We, Us, Our, Ours)

6. That dog down the street is …………..

(he, him, his, himself)

• Use suitable pronouns to substitute the underlined nouns in the following

sentences:

1. Josh and Derrick visited Disneyland last month.

(He, She, They, We)

2. Sarah did not come home last evening.

(He, She, They, We)

3. My mom could not find her cupboard keys.

(He, She, They, We)

4. The cat drank all the milk that was left in the kitchen.
(He, She, It, We)

5. The teacher asked the students if the students had submitted the
students’ assignments.
(him, her, them, us)
 AUXILIARIES
Auxiliaries
‫األفعال المساعدة‬

A) Verb to BE

V.1 : (is, are, am)

V.2 : (was, were)
V.3 : (been)

I + am I’m
He, She, It + is He’s, She’s, It’s
They, We, You + are They’re, We’re, You’re

I + was
He, She, It + was
They, We, You + were

‫) أما غير ذلك فتكون أفعال رئيسية‬v-ing( ‫) كأفعال مساعدة و ذلك اذا جاء بعدها‬be( ‫تأتي أفعال‬
‫) سواء كان فعل مساعد أو رئيسي‬not( ‫يتم نفي هذه االفعال باستخدام‬

- I am studying hard these days - I am not studying hard these days

- She is an engineer - She isn’t an engineer
- They are from Jordan - They aren’t from Jordan.
- Sami was late last night -Sami wasn’t late last night.
- We were watching the news - We weren’t watching the news.
B) Verb to HAVE

V.1 : (have, has)

V.2 : (had)
V.3 : (had)

I + have I + had
He, She, It + has He, She, It + had
They, We, You + have They, We, You + had
‫) أما غير ذلك فتكون أفعال رئيسية‬V.3( ‫) كأفعال مساعدة و ذلك اذا جاء بعدها‬have( ‫تأتي أفعال‬
‫) اذا كانت أفعال مساعدة‬have( ‫) بعد أفعال‬not( ‫يتم نفي هذه االفعال باستخدام‬
‫يتم نفي هذه االفعال كما يلي اذا كانت أفعال رئيسية‬

- Have = don’t have

- Has = doesn’t have
- Had = didn’t have

- I have bought a car - I have not bought a car

- I have a car - I don’t have a car
- She has eaten her breakfast - She has not eaten her breakfast
- She has her breakfast at office - She doesn’t have her breakfast at office
- He had taken a shower - He hadn’t taken a shower
- He had a little nap - He didn’t have a little nap
C) Verb to DO

V.1 : (do, does)

V.2 : (did)
V.3 : (done)

I + do I + did
He, She, It + does He, She, It + did
They, We, You + do They, We, You + did
‫) أما غير ذلك فتكون أفعال رئيسية‬base( ‫) كأفعال مساعدة و ذلك اذا جاء بعدها‬do( ‫تأتي أفعال‬
‫) اذا كانت أفعال مساعدة‬do( ‫) بعد أفعال‬not( ‫يتم نفي هذه االفعال باستخدام‬
‫يتم نفي هذه االفعال كما يلي اذا كانت أفعال رئيسية‬
Do = don’t do
Does = doesn’t do
Did = didn’t do

- I do my homework daily - I do not do my homework daily

- She does a lot of work - She does not do a lot of work
- He did it successfully - He didn’t do it successfully

D) MODALS

V.1 : (will, shall, can, may, must, have to. has to)
V.2 : (would, should, could, might, had to)

)base( ‫) كأفعال مساعدة و ذلك اذا جاء بعدها‬modals( ‫تأتي‬

)modals( ‫) بعد أفعال‬not( ‫يتم نفي هذه االفعال باستخدام‬

- will: will not (won’t) - would: would not (wouldn’t)

- shall: shall not (shan’t) - should: should not (shouldn’t)
- can: cannot (can’t) - could: could not (couldn’t)
- may: may not - might: might not (mightn’t)
- must: must not (mustn’t)
- have to: don’t have to
- has to: doesn’t have to
- had to: didn’t have to
• Fill in the blank spaces with the correct pronoun.

1) The doctor ..................... giving Muna the medicine.

(am, have, was, would)

2) She doesn’t have to….................loudly.

(speak, spoke, spoken, speaking)

3) Omar ...................... go out last night.

(don’t, hasn’t, isn’t, doesn’t)

4) Salma ........................ cleaned her clothes at last.

(have, would, am, has)

5) She must .................. her full name.

(writing, write, written, wrote)

6) She doesn’t have .................. her full name.

(write, written, to write, writing)

7) I ………….watching cricket on TV.

(is, were, am, will)

8) His grandfather ………….watering the plants on the balcony.

(were, are, am, was)

9) I am ………….French these days.

(learn, learnt, learns, learning)

10) I ………….talked to the Principal twice over the issue.

(has, would, am, have)

11) He has ………….us permission to organize a conference.

(given, gave, giving, give)

12) I ………….like sweets.

(doesn’t, haven’t, am not, don’t)

13) I ………….meet him today.

(have, have to, was, am)

14) He doesn’t ………….to complete his task before Sunday.

(has, had, have, having)

15) I ………….go home now.

(do, am, have, must)
 ‫‪Countable and Uncountable‬‬

‫‪Countable‬‬ ‫االسم المعدود‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫عده و تحويله الى جمع و غالباً ما ينتهي بحرف )‪(s‬‬

‫هو كل اسم يمكن ّ‬

‫‪Uncountable‬‬ ‫االسم غير المعدود‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫عده و ليس له جمع و غالباً ال ينتهي بحرف )‪(s‬‬

‫هو كل اسم ال يمكن ّ‬

‫❖ األسماء التالية تدل على الجمع رغم أنها ال تنتهي بـ ‪ S‬الجمع ‪:‬‬

‫المعنى‬ ‫المفرد‬ ‫الجمع‬

‫رجل‬ ‫‪Man‬‬ ‫‪Men‬‬

‫امرأة‬ ‫‪Woman‬‬ ‫‪Women‬‬
‫طفل‬ ‫‪Child‬‬ ‫‪Children‬‬
‫شخص‬ ‫‪Person‬‬ ‫‪People‬‬
‫شرطي‬ ‫‪Policeman‬‬ ‫‪Police‬‬
‫شرطية‬ ‫‪Policewoman‬‬ ‫‪Police‬‬
‫قدم‬ ‫‪Foot‬‬ ‫‪Feet‬‬
‫سن‬ ‫‪Tooth‬‬ ‫‪Teeth‬‬
‫ثور‬ ‫‪Ox‬‬ ‫‪Oxen‬‬
‫اوزة‬ ‫‪Goose‬‬ ‫‪Geese‬‬
‫فأر‬ ‫‪Mouse‬‬ ‫‪Mice‬‬
‫قملة‬ ‫‪Louse‬‬ ‫‪Lice‬‬
‫األسماء التالية تدل على المفرد و كذلك‬ ‫األسماء التالية تدل على المفرد رغم‬
: ‫على الجمع في نفس الوقت‬ : S ‫أنها تنتهي بـ‬

‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬ ‫المعنى‬ ‫الكلمة‬

‫سمكة‬ fish ‫اخبار‬ news

‫خروف‬ sheep ‫فيزياء‬ physics
‫غزال‬ deer ‫ألعاب قوى‬ athletics
‫وسيلة‬ means ‫رياضيات‬ mathematics
‫سلسلة‬ series ‫أي كلمة تنتهي‬ boss, success,
fitness, glass
‫صنف‬ species ‫ب ـ‬ss

Examples:

1) Many children ..................... given presents last month.

(is / were / was)
2) This information .................... loudly.
(are / were / is)
3) The police ...................... caught the thief.
(has / is / have)
4) Mathematics ………………the mother of science.
(are / is / were)
5) Two sheep ...................been bought by my father.
(has / is / have)
6) My boss .................. left office early.
( has / have / are)
 TENSES
‫أزمنة الفعل‬
I. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
• THE FORM OF THE VERB

a. base : I, They, We, You, ‫اسم جمع‬: clean , do , study.

b. base + s, es, ies : He, She It, ‫اسم مفرد‬: cleans, does, studies.

: ‫مالحظات‬
‫ ) أو أي اسم مفرد و ينتهي هذا‬He, She, It ( ‫ ) و ذلك اذا كان الفاعل‬es ( ‫ نضيف للفعل المضارع‬.1
: ‫الفعل بأحد الحروف التالية‬
O : goes , does X : mixes , fixes SS: passes , assesses
Ch: watches , catches Sh: washes , pushes Z: buzzes

‫ ) أو أي اسم مفرد و ينتهي هذا الفعل بحرف‬He, She, It ( ‫ ) و ذلك اذا كان الفاعل‬ies ( ‫ نضيف للفعل المضارع‬.2
)s( ‫ ) فنضيف‬y ( ‫ أما اذا جاء حرف علة قبل حرف‬، ) a, e, i, o, u ( ‫) على شرط أن ال يسبقه أحد حروف العلة‬y(
study : studies carry: carries
stay: stays enjoy: enjoys

‫ ) أو أي اسم مفرد و ينتهي هذا الفعل بباقي‬He, She, It ( ‫ ) و ذلك اذا كان الفاعل‬s ( ‫ نضيف للفعل المضارع‬.3
: )2( ‫) و‬1( ‫الحروف التي لم تذكر سابقا في النقطتين‬
works paints looks types meets sees

 USES:
1. Things that happen as a routine in the present. ‫التحدث عن عادة‬

always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly,

from time to time, ( on + ‫ ) اسم األيام جمع‬,( every + ‫ ) زمن‬.

once
twice day, week, fortnight,
three times + a + month, season, year
several times decade, century
many times
‫ ( و‬do, does ) ‫يتكون المضارع البسيط من كلمة واحدة فقط في حالة الجمل المثبتة و يتكون من كلمتين احداهما‬
.‫األخرى الفعل المجرد في حالتي النفي و السؤال‬

1. Ahmad ................................. his grandparents weekly.

(visit, visits, visited)
2. Ahmad ................................. his grandparents weekly.
(do not visit, does not visit, did not visit)
3.-…………………….……Ahmad ............................ his grandparents weekly?
(Did … visit, Do … visit, Does … visit)

2. Something that is true in the present / Things are always true. ‫التحدث عن حقيقة‬

.‫جملة الحقيقة ال تحتوي على دالئل زمنية و تتحدث عن فكرة عامة معروفة لمعظم الناس‬
1. The lion ................................. grass.
(don't eat, doesn't eat, didn't eat)
2. Man ............................one heart and two eyes.
(have, had, has)
3. Smoking ......................... bad for your health.
(is, are, was)

II. THE SIMPLE PAST

THE FORM OF THE VERB ‫التصريف الثاني من الفعل‬

To talk about something in the past.

• KEY WORDS:

yesterday, ( last +‫ )زمن‬, ( ‫زمن‬+ ago), (in + ‫)سنة في الماضي‬, in the past, ( the previous +‫)زمن‬

‫ ( و األخرى‬did ) ‫يتكون الماضي البسيط من كلمة واحدة فقط في حالة الجمل المثبتة و يتكون من كلمتين احداهما‬
.‫الفعل المجرد في حالتي النفي و السؤال‬
1. Bill .............................. his country ten years ago.
(leave, left, leaving)
2. Bill .............................. his country ten years ago.
(doesn't leave, don't leave, didn't leave)
3. ………………………Bill……………..his country ten years ago?
(Did …leave, Does …leave, Do…leave)
 III. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
• THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ is, are, am + V-ing ]
• KEY WORDS:
1. To talk about something that is happening at the moment.
now, nowadays, at the moment, at this minute, at the present

1. What ……………they……………..at the moment?

(is …doing, are…doing, were…doing)

2. What……………you ……………right now?

(is …read, were…reading, are…reading)
2. To describe something temporary.
Look!, Listen!, Be careful!, Watch out!, Hurry up!, Be quiet!, Don’t + base.
1. Don't go out. It .................................. heavily right now.
(was raining, is raining, are raining)
2. Look! They ................................... us.
(is watching, are watching, were watching)

IV. THE PAST CONTINUOUS

• THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ was, were + V-ing ]
• KEY WORDS:
V.2 while , as (was, were ) + V-ing
(was, were) + V-ing when V.2
1. While we ...................................the film, someone broke the window.
(watched, are watching, were watching)
2. I ................................. when the alarm clock rang.
(slept, was sleeping, are sleeping)
 V. THE PAST PERFECT
* THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ had + p.p ]
V.2 after had + V.3
had +V.3 before V.2
1. Sami went to bed after he ............................................. his homework.
(has done, had done, did)
2. He ............................................ a teacher before he became a businessman.
(has been, had been, was)
3. After I ................................................ my supper, I went to bed.
(have had, had, had had)

VI. THE FUTURE SIMPLE

THE FORM OF THE VERB : [ will, shall + base ]
KEY WORDS:
1. We can use it with:
tomorrow, (next + ‫)زمن‬, in the future, (the coming + ‫ )زمن‬, ( the following + ‫) زمن‬, soon ,
later , (in + ‫)سنة في المستقبل‬

1. She ................................. the university in the future.

(join, have joined, will join)
2. I ...................................you later.
(call, was calling, will call)
Examples:

1) Don’t make so much noise! I ..................... to concentrate.

(was trying / am trying / tried)
2) I ...................... away very often.
(am not going / didn’t go / don’t go)
3) We .......................Lina in town a few days ago.
(see / had seen / saw)
4) It......................... when I got up.
(is raining / was raining / rains)
5) Before she went out, she……………..her homework.
(did / does / had done)
6) My brother ................... to Aqaba tomorrow.
( will leave / leave / left)
7) I ……………a detective film when you phoned.
(watch / were watching / was watching)
8) The company ……………a new policy in the future.
(follows / will follow / had followed)
9) After she ………………………………………………………………………. breakfast, she went to her work.
(was having / had had / had)
10) They ……………………………………………………………………… running their own company in 1980.
(had started / will start / started)