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Parts Of Speech ‫ أﺟزاء اﻟﻛﻼم‬1 Noun Quantifiers ( Many / 28

Much … ) ‫ﻣﺣددات اﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬
The Statement ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬ 2 Demonstrative Adjectives ( This / 28
that … ) ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
Sentence & Phrase ‫ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ واﻟﻌﺑﺎرة‬3 Another / Other ….. ٢٨
Helping & Aux. Verbs ‫ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة‬4 Definite & Indefinite Articles ( a 29-30
/ an / the ) ‫أدوات اﻟﻧﻛرة واﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬
Personal Pronouns ‫ اﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬5 Conjunctions ‫اﻟرواﺑط‬ ٣١
Relative Pronouns ‫ ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟوﺻل‬6 If / Unless ‫ اذا ﻟم‬/ ‫اذا‬ 32
Yes- No questions ‫اﻟﺳؤال ﺑﮭل‬
7 Expressing Regret ‫اﻟﻧدم‬ 32
Wh- / How questions ‫ اﻟﺳؤال ﺑﺄداة اﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬8 Compound Sentences ( 33
FAN BOYS ) ‫اﻟﺟﻣل اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ‬
Tag Question ‫ اﻟﺳؤال اﻟﻣذﯾل‬9 Prepositions ( in / on / at …. ) 34
‫ﺣروف اﻟﺟر‬
Imperative sentence‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻷﻣر‬ 9 Prepositional verbs 34
‫ ﺣروف ﺟر‬+ ‫اﻓﻌﺎل‬
Negative Sentence ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ 10 Noun + Prep. ‫ ﺣروف ﺟر‬+ ‫ اﺳﻣﺎء‬34
Irregular Verbs ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺷﺎذة‬ 11 Adj. + Prep. ‫ ﺣروف ﺟر‬+ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ 34
Verb Forms ‫ أﺷﻛﺎل اﻟﻔﻌل‬12-13 Modal Verbs ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ‬ 35-36
Tenses ‫ اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ‬14 Direct & Indirect Speech 37
‫اﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷر واﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﺑﺎﺷر‬
The Present Simple ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬ 15 Prefixes & Suffixes 38
‫اﻟﺑﺎدﺋﺎت واﻟﻠواﺣق‬
The Past Simple ‫ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬16
The Future Simple ‫ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬17
The Present Continuous / 18
Progressive ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬
The Past Continuous / 19
Progressive ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬
The Present Perfect ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺗﺎم‬ 20 – 21
The Past Perfect ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم‬ 22
Active & Passive Voice 23
‫اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠوم واﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬
Causative ‫ اﻟﺳﺑﺑﯾﺔ‬23
Adjectives ‫ اﻟﺻﻔﺎت‬24
Adjectives & Adverbs 25
‫اﻟﺻﻔﺎت واﻟظروف‬
Singular & Plural Nouns 26
‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻣﻔرد واﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬
Uncountable Nouns 27
‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدودة‬
 ‫‪Parts of speech‬‬

‫‪Part Of Speech‬‬ ‫‪Definition‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫‪Example‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬

‫‪Noun / n /‬‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫اﺳم ﺷﺧص ‪ /‬ﺣﯾوان ‪ /‬ﻧﺑﺎت ‪ /‬ﺟﻣﺎد ‪....‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed, book , education‬‬

‫ﺿﻣﯾر ‪Pronoun / pn /‬‬ ‫ھو ﻣﺎ ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳم أو ﯾﺣل ﻣﺣﻠﮫ‬ ‫‪I, he, she, it, who ,which ,whose‬‬

‫‪Verb / v /‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ھو ﻣﺎ ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣدوث ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪play, played , is , are , have‬‬
‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪Adjective /adj./‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺻف اﻻﺳم وﺗﻛون ﻗﺑﻠﮫ‬ ‫‪quick boy / good student‬‬

‫ﺣﺎل ‪Adverb / adv. /‬‬ ‫ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺻف اﻟﻔﻌل أو اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪run quickly / study well /‬‬
‫‪extremely tall‬‬

‫‪Preposition /prep./‬‬ ‫ھو ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳم أو اﻟﺿﻣﯾر ﻟﺗﺑﯾن‬ ‫‪Ahmed goes to school .‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺗﮫ ﺑﻛﻠﻣﺔ أﺧرى) ‪to - by - for‬‬
‫ﺣرف اﻟﺟر‬ ‫‪They traveled by plane.‬‬
‫‪in- with - from- of- about ...‬‬

‫‪Conjunction /conj./‬‬ ‫ھو ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺻل ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ و ﻛﻠﻣﺔ أو‬ ‫‪Ali and Ahmad are my friends .‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ وﺟﻣﻠﺔ ) ‪.( or / and‬‬
‫راﺑط ﻋطف‬

‫‪Interjection‬‬ ‫ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن أﺻوات أو ﺻﯾﺣﺎت ﺗﻌﺑر‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﻟﻸﺳف ! ﻟﻘد ﻣﺎﺗت‪Alas ! She died . .‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺟب‬ ‫ﻋن اﻟﺗﻌﺟب ) ‪( Alas – Wow‬‬
‫‪Article‬‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫)‪Definite( the ) indefinite ( a, an‬‬

‫‪This is a book.‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ‪ a‬ﻗﺑل اﻻﺳم اﻟﻧﻛرة اﻟذي ﯾﺑدأ‬
‫ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛن‪.‬‬
‫‪This is an apple.‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ‪ an‬ﻗﺑل اﻻﺳم اﻟﻧﻛرة اﻟذي ﯾﺑدأ‬
‫ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣرك‪.‬‬
‫‪The earth goes round the sun .‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ‪ the‬ﻟﻠﺗﻌرﯾف‪.‬‬

‫‪The sentence in English‬‬

‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﻣرﯾﺔ ‪Imperative‬‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ ‪Question‬‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ‪Statement‬‬

‫ﻧوﻋﺎن‪-:‬‬ ‫ﻧوﻋﺎن‪-:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻛون ﻣن‪-:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬أﻣر ﻣﺛﺑت‬ ‫‪ -١‬إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ﺑﺄداة إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ) ‪( Wh../ How‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺎﻋل ‪subject‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬أﻣر ﻣﻧﻔﻰ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ﺑﻔﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد ) ﺑﮭل (‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﻓﻌل ‪verb‬‬

‫‪ - ٣‬ﻣﻔﻌول ‪object‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ ) ظرف زﻣﺎن أو ﻣﻛﺎن (‬

 ‫أوﻻ‪ -:‬اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ‪The statement‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻋل ‪S‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌل ‪V‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ‪O‬‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ‪C‬‬

‫‪ (١‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ‪Subject‬‬ ‫) ﻗد ﯾﻛون اﺳم أوﺿﻣﯾر(‬

‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬

‫ﻣﺗﻛﻠم‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺎطب‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋب‬

‫ﻣﻔرد‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬ ‫أﻧت ‪ /‬أﻧﺗﻲ ‪You‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل ‪, It‬ھﻲ ‪ , She‬ھو ‪He‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺣن ‪We‬‬ ‫أﻧﺗم ‪ /‬أﻧﺗن ‪You‬‬ ‫ھم ‪They‬‬
‫و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺿﻣﯾر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻗﺑل اﻟﻔﻌل‬

‫‪ (٢‬اﻟﻔﻌل ‪Verb‬‬

‫ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو ﻧﺎﻗص‬ ‫ﻓﻌل رﺋﯾﺳﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ‪ -:‬وھو ﯾﺳﺑق اﻟﻔﻌل اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‪ -:‬و ھو اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟذى ﯾﻌﺑر ﻋن ﺣدث‬

‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻛل اﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫أﻣﺛﻠﺔ‬

‫‪am /is / are‬‬ ‫‪was / were‬‬ ‫) ‪ + ing ( playing / eating ) I’m eating fish . ( active‬اﻟﻔﻌل‬
‫) ‪ ( played / eaten ) Music is played by Ali.(passive‬اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬
‫‪do / does‬‬ ‫‪did‬‬ ‫) ‪ ( play / eat‬اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ ‫‪I didn’t play football yesterday.‬‬

‫‪have / has‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫) ‪ ( played / eaten‬اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫‪He has just played tennis.‬‬

‫) ‪Will (‘’ ll‬‬ ‫‪would‬‬

‫‪shall‬‬ ‫‪should‬‬
‫‪can‬‬ ‫‪could‬‬
‫‪may‬‬ ‫‪might‬‬
‫) ‪ ( play / eat‬اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ ‫‪I will play tennis tomorrow.‬‬
‫‪must‬‬ ‫‪had to‬‬
‫‪have to / has to‬‬ ‫‪had to‬‬
‫‪ought to‬‬
‫وﻗد ﯾﻛون ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌل اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻘط وذﻟك ﻣﻊ زﻣﻧﻲ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط واﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ‪:‬‬

‫‪Ex : 1) I play tennis everyday . 2) He plays tennis every day . 3) She played yesterday.‬‬

‫وﻗد ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻛﻔﻌل أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ) وذﻟك ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﺑﻣﻔرده ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ( ‪:‬‬

‫‪EX : 1) He is a doctor . 2) He has a car . 3) I usually do my homework .‬‬

‫‪ (٣‬اﻟﻣﻔﻌول ‪Object‬‬ ‫) ﻗد ﯾﻛون اﺳم أوﺿﻣﯾر(‬

‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬

‫ﺿﻣﯾر ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪It‬‬ ‫‪You‬‬ ‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪They‬‬

‫ﺿﻣﯾر ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫‪me‬‬ ‫‪him‬‬ ‫‪her‬‬ ‫‪it‬‬ ‫‪you‬‬ ‫‪us‬‬ ‫‪them‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 Complement ‫( ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬٤

: ‫أﺳم‬ : ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ : ‫ﺿﻣﯾر ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ : ‫ﺿﻣﯾر ﻣﻧﻌﻛس‬ : ‫ظروف‬

Ex: He's a doctor. Ex: He's tall. mine / myself /
his / himself / : ‫ظرف ﺣﺎل‬
: ‫ ﺣرف ﺟر‬+ ‫ﻋﺎﻗل‬ Ex: He runs quickly.
with my friend
hers/ herself /
its/ itself / : ‫ظرف ﻣﻛﺎن‬
ours / ourselves / Ex: He goes to the
theirs/ themselves / club.
yours yourself / : ‫ظرف ﺗﻛرار‬
yourselves Ex: He goes to the
club once a week.
: ‫ظرف زﻣﺎن‬
: ‫ھﻧﺎك ﺑﻌض اﻟظروف ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺑل اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
Ex: He went to the
( always – usually- sometimes- often-rarely-scarcely-seldom- never-
club yesterday.
ever- just- already … ) : ‫ﺑﻌض اﻟﻌﺑﺎرات‬
Ex : I usually go to the park. / My brother never drives a car. Ex : He went to the
He has just gone out. / This is the tallest boy I have ever seen. club to play soccer.

: ‫ﻟﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻲ ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻧﺗﺑﻊ اﻷﺗﻲ‬

Sentence ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ Phrase ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬

He was smart . his smartness ( ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬+ ‫) اﺳم‬

being smart (being + ‫) اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬

The fact that he was smart . (The fact that + ‫)اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

He wasn’t smart . his stupidity ( ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬+ ‫)ﻋﻛس اﻷﺳم‬
not being smart ( not being + ‫)اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬
The fact that he wasn’t smart.
The weather was cold. The cold weather ( ‫ اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬+ ‫) اﻷﺳم‬
The weather being cold. ( ‫ اﻷﺳم‬+ being + ‫) اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬
The fact that the weather was cold.
The weather wasn’t cold. The hot weather ( ‫ ﻋﻛس اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬+ ‫)اﻷﺳم‬
The weather being hot . ( ‫ اﻷﺳم‬+ being + ‫)ﻋﻛس اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬
The fact that the weather wasn’t cold.
My brother studied hard. studying hard ( ‫ ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬+ ing )
The fact that he studied hard.
My brother didn’t study hard. not studying hard ( not + ‫ ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬+ ing )
The fact that he didn’t study hard.

: ‫ھﻧﺎك رواﺑط ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻋﺑﺎرات ﻣﺛل‬

like / such as / despite- in spite of / due to – because of – as a result of / during /

in addition to
Ex : There are many ways to become healthy like eating healthy food and doing sports.
( after , before , when , while …. ) ‫وﻛل اﻟرواﺑط اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ اذا ﺣذﻓﻧﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬
- After eating his breakfast , he went out .

3
 Helping Verbs
‫أﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة‬
Verb to Be ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون‬ Verb to Have ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬ Verb to Do ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻌﻣل‬
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬ am / is are have / has do / does
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ was were had did

‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ Verb to Be ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون‬ Verb to Have Verb to Do

I am (’m ) / was have (’ve ) /had (’d ) do / did

He is (’s ) / was has (’s ) / had (’d ) does / did

She is (’s ) / was has (’s ) / had (’d ) does / did
It is (’s ) / was has (’s ) / had (’d ) does / did
‫اﻷﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد واﻟﻐﯾرﻣﻌدود‬ is (’s ) / was has (’s ) / had (’d ) does / did

We are (’re ) / were have (’ve ) /had (’d ) do / did

You are (’re ) / were have (’ve ) /had (’d ) do / did
They are (’re ) / were have (’ve ) /had (’d ) do / did
‫اﻷﺳم اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬ are (’re ) / were have (’ve ) /had (’d ) do / did

‫ﻧﻔﻲ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة‬

‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬ am not is not are not was not were not
‫أﺧﺗﺻﺎر اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬ ’m not ’s not ’re not
not ‫اﺧﺗﺻﺎر‬ isn’t aren’t wasn’t weren’t

‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬ have not has not had not do not does not do not
‫أﺧﺗﺻﺎر اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬ ’ve not ’s not ’d not
not ‫اﺧﺗﺻﺎر‬ haven’t hasn’t hadn’t don’t doesn’t don't

Verb to Be ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون‬

‫ ﻓﻌل‬+ ing Verb to Have ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬
am / is are have / has V3 ‫ﺗﺻرﯾف ﺛﺎﻟث‬
was were V3 had

Verb to Do ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻌﻣل‬

do / does ‫ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬
did
4
 Pronouns ‫اﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋر‬

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive Pronouns

Pronouns Pronouns
Adjectives Pronouns ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻻﻧﻌﻛﺎس‬
‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬

I me my mine ‫ﻣﻠﻛﻲ‬ myself ‫ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﻲ‬/ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﻲ‬

He him his his ‫ﻣﻠﻛﮫ‬ himself ‫ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬/ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬

She her her hers ‫ﻣﻠﻛﮭﺎ‬ herself ‫ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ‬/ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ‬

It it its its ‫ ﻣﻠﻛﮭﺎ‬/ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﮫ‬ itself ‫ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ‬/ ‫ ﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ‬/ ‫ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬/ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬

( ‫) ﻟﻐﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬ ( ‫) ﻟﻐﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬
We us our ours ‫ﻣﻠﻛﻧﺎ‬ ourselves ‫ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺳﻧﺎ‬/ ‫أﻧﻔﺳﻧﺎ‬

They them their theirs ‫ﻣﻠﻛﮭم‬ themselves ‫ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺳﮭم‬/ ‫أﻧﻔﺳﮭم‬

You you your yours ‫ﻣﻠﻛك‬ yourself ‫ ﺑﻧﻔﺳك‬/ ‫ﻧﻔﺳك‬

You you your yours ‫ﻣﻠﻛﻛم‬ yourselves ‫ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺳﻛم‬/ ‫أﻧﻔﺳﻛم‬

‫أﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋر‬

‫اﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋر‬ Usage ‫اﻷﺳﺗﺧدام‬ Examples ‫أﻣﺛﻠﺔ‬

Subject ( ‫ ◄ ﻓﻲ ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ) ﻗﺑل اﻟﻔﻌل‬- Ali is a good boy . He always gets high marks.
Pronouns ( ‫ ◄ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳؤال ) ﺑﻌد اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬- Where do they go ? – They go to the club.
‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬
Object ( ‫◄ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ) ﺑﻌد اﻟﻔﻌل‬ - My friend gave me a pen .
Pronouns ( for - of ..) ‫◄ ﺑﻌد ﺣروف اﻟﺟر‬ - The little boy made it for her.
‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬
Possessive ‫ ◄ﻗﺑل أﺳم اﻟﺷﺊ اﻟﻣﻣﺗﻠك‬- I play football with my friends .
Adjectives
‫ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬
Possessive ‫ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ وﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ أﺳم‬ ◄ - These shoes are mine .
Pronouns - I met a friend of mine yesterday .
‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬
Reflexive . ‫◄أذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ھو ﻧﻔﺳﮫ اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ - He fell down and hurt himself .
Pronouns ‫◄ ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛﯾد ) أن اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ھو اﻟذى ﻗﺎم‬ - I do the homework myself .
‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻻﻧﻌﻛﺎس‬ ( ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺣدث ﺑﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬ - Help yourself .
. ‫◄ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات‬ - Enjoy yourself.
- Behave yourself.
- I live by myself. ( I live alone )

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 Relative Pronouns ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟوﺻل‬

. ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﺿﻣﯾر اﻟوﺻل ﻟﯾﺣل ﻣﺣل اﻷﺳم أو اﻟﺿﻣﯾر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬

Ex : The boy was tall . He broke the glass. The boy , who broke the glass , was tall.

Relative Pn. Usage Example

Who ( ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل ) ﻓﺎﻋل أو ﻣﻔﻌول‬ The boy ,( who ) I met , was playing.
The boy , who studies hard , gets high marks.
Whom ( ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل ) ﻣﻔﻌول ﻓﻘط‬ The boy , ( whom ) I met , was playing.
Which ‫ﻟﻐﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬ I drove the car which my father bought me.
That ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل وﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬ The boy ,( that ) I met , was playing.
I drove the car that my father bought me.
Whose ( ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ ) ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗل وﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬ This is the woman whose son died.
The dog , whose leg was broken , was small.
When ‫ﻟﻠوﻗت‬ The holiday is a nice time when we enjoy.
Where ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن‬ This is the school where we learn.
Why ‫ﻟﻠﺳﺑب‬ I don’t know the reason why he was absent.
How ‫ﻟﻠﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ أو اﻟﺣﺎل‬ He told me how to face challenges.
What all ‫ﻟﻸﺷﯾﺎء ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺔ ب‬ This is all what I have.

‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ‬

. ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬Which ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗل و‬Whom ‫اذا ﺳﺑق اﻟﺿﻣﯾر ﺣرف ﺟر ﻓﺄﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬

Ex : The boy , with whom I played yesterday , made an accident.

This is the school in which I learnt.

. ‫ ( ﻋﻧد أﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭم ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬who , whom , which , that ) ‫ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺣذف‬

Ex : The boy I met yesterday was playing. / I drove the car my father bought me.
. ‫ﻻﺣظ وﺟود ﻓﺎﻋل اﺧر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

: ‫ﻻ ﯾﺟوز أن ﻧﺣذف ﺿﻣﯾر اﻟوﺻل اذا أﺗﻲ ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
Ex : The boy , who studies hard , gets high marks.
/ I ate the apple that was on the table.

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 Questions ‫ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬-: ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ‬

( ‫( اﻟﺳؤال ﺑﮭل ) ﺑﻔﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو ﻧﺎﻗص‬١) ‫ ( اﻟﺳؤال ﺑﺄداة إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬٢)

"Yes / No" questions " Wh- / How " questions

( ‫( إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ﺑﮭل ) ﺑﻔﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو ﻧﺎﻗص‬١)

‫ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو ﻧﺎﻗص‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﻌل رﺋﯾﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

. (‫ ) ﻧﺳﺑق اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو اﻟﻧﺎﻗص ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﺛم ﻧﺗرك اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻛﻣﺎ ھو‬: ‫◄ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد اوﻧﺎﻗص‬
‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
-They are playing . Are they playing ? Yes, they are .
No , they aren’t .
- He is reading a book. Is he reading a book ? Yes, he is . / No , he isn’t .
- I am eating fish . Are you eating fish ? Yes , I am . / No, I am not .
- I was sleeping . Were you sleeping ? Yes, I was . / No, I wasn’t .
- We were studying . Were you studying ? Yes ,we were .
No, we weren’t .

- I have got a car . Have you got a car ? Yes , I have .

/ No, I haven’t .
- He has got a car . Has he got a car ? Yes, he has .
/ No, he hasn’t .
-We had got a car . Had you got a car ? Yes , we had .
/ No, we hadn’t .

- I will play football . Will you play football ? Yes , I will . / No , I won’t .
- I can ride a bike . Can you ride a bike ? Yes , I can . / No , I can’t .
-You should play sports . Should I play sports ? Yes , you should .
/ No , you shouldn’t .

. ( do , does , did ‫ﻣﺳﺎﻋد ) ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫◄ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم وﺟود ﻓﻌل‬

.( We ، You ، They ، ‫( ﺑﻌد ) اﻷﺳم اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬do) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ( play ) ‫ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدر‬-
.( He ، She ، It ، ‫ اﻷﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد‬، ‫( ﺑﻌد ) اﻷﺳم اﻟﻐﯾرﻣﻌدود‬does) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ( plays ) s ‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﻣﻧﺗﮭﻲ ب‬ -
. ‫ ( ﻣﻊ اﻟﻛل‬did ) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ( played ) ‫ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬-
- I play football . Do you play football ? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t .

- He plays football . Does he play football ? Yes , he does .

/ No , he doesn’t .
- He played football . Did he play football ? Yes, he did . / No, he didn’t.

- I went to school. Did you go to school ? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t .

: ( do , does , did ) ‫◄ اذا أﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻧﺎ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻛﺄﻓﻌﺎل رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﺄﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
- He has a car . Does he have a car ? Yes , he does .
/ No , he doesn’t .
- I had to study hard. Did you have to study hard ? Yes, I did. / No,I didn’t .
- I did my homework . Did you do your homework? Yes, I did. / No,I didn’t .

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 ( Wh../ How ) questions ‫( إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ﺑﺄداة أﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬٢)

‫أداة اﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﻌل رﺋﯾﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫أداة اﻻﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﺎھﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺄل ﻋن‬ Examples ‫أﻣﺛﻠﺔ‬

Who ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل او اﻟﻣﻔﻌول اﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬ Who are you ? – I’m Ahmed .

When ‫ﻣﺗﻰ‬ ( tomorrow… ) ‫اﻟوﻗت او اﻟزﻣن‬ When will you come ? – Tomorrow .

Where ‫أﯾن‬ ( to school / at home... ) ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎن‬ Where do you go ? – To the club .

Which ‫آى‬ ( the red car ..) ‫ اﻻﺧﺗﯾﺎر أو اﻟﺗﻔﺿﯾل‬Which car do you like ? – The red car .
Which boy is taller :Ahmed or Ali? Ali.
What ‫ ﻣﺎذا‬-‫ﻣﺎ‬ ( car / dog .. ) ‫ﻏﯾراﻟﻌﺎﻗل‬ What did you buy ? – A car .

Why ‫ﻟﻣﺎذا‬ ( because – to – for ) ‫اﻟﺳﺑب‬ Why didn’t you come ? – Because I was ill.

Whose ‫ﻟﻣن‬ ( Ali’s / his … ) ‫ اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬Whose book is this ?- It’s Ali’s book .

How ‫ﻛﯾف‬ ( by car ) ‫ اﻟﺣﺎل أو وﺳﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﻣواﺻﻼت‬How do you go to work ? – By car .

How old ‫ﻛم ﻋﻣر‬ ( 10 years old ) ‫ اﻟﻌﻣر او اﻟﺳن‬How old are you ? 10 years old .

How many ‫ﻛم ﻋدد‬ ( two / three …. ) ‫ اﻟﻌدد‬How many pens do you have ? -1 pen.

How much ‫ﻛم ﺛﻣن‬ ( 2 Dollars )‫ اﻟﺛﻣن او اﻟﺳﻌر‬How much is this dress ? – 40 $

How far ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد‬ ( 5 km far ) ‫ اﻟﺑﻌد او اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ‬How far is your school ? –2 km far .

How long ‫ﻛم طول‬ ‫ ( أو اﻟﻣدة‬3 m long )‫ طول اﻷﺷﯾﺎء‬How long is this bridge ? 13 m long .
(for a day / since 1990 ) ‫ اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ‬How long will you stay ? - For 2 days
How tall ‫ﻛم طول‬ ( 150 cm ) ‫ طول اﻷﺷﺧﺎص‬How tall is your father ? – 150 cm
( ‫) ﻟﻸﺷﺧﺎص‬
. ‫ اذا أﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻧﺎ أداة اﻷﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻧﺿﻊ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو ﻧﺎﻗص ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة‬: ‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬

Ex : Can you tell me where the bank is , please ?

How + adj.( ‫ = ) ﺻﻔﺔ‬What + n.( ‫) اﺳم‬

How How tall ? How long ? How old ? How far ? How much ? How old ?

What What height ? What length ? What age ? What distance ? What price ? What age ?

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 . ‫ ﻧﻛون اﻟﺳؤال اﻟﻣذﯾل ﺑﺄﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد اﻟﻣوﺟود ﺑﺎﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺛم ﺿﻣﯾر ﯾﻌود ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬-
.‫ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ ﻧﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد واذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﯾﺔ ﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛل اﻷﺛﺑﺎت‬-
. ‫ ( ﻟﻠﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬did ) ‫( ﻟﻠﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط و‬do , does ) ‫ اذا ﻟم ﯾﻛن ھﻧﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬-

Sentence Tag Question Sentence Tag Question

It is very cold , isn’t it ? My friends play football , don’t they ?
They will come , won’t they ? She watches TV , doesn’t she ?
My friends haven’t studied , have they ? He has to study , doesn’t he ?
He can drive a car , can’t he Ali broke his leg , didn’t he ?

I’m not fine today , am I ? Let’s play soccer , shall we ? ( ‫) أﻗﺗراح‬

I’m a good student , aren’t I ? Let us go out , will you ? ( ‫) طﻠب أذن‬
Open the door , will you ? ( ‫) أﻣر‬ Let us ‫ ( ﺑﻌد‬will you ? ) ‫ و‬Let’s ‫ ( ﺑﻌد‬shall we ? ) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
Don’t come late , will you ? (‫) ﻧﮭﻲ‬ Every one is here , Aren’t they ?
. ‫ ( ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣر واﻟطﻠب اﻟﻣﮭذب واﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬will you ? ) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬ every one / ) ‫ ( اذا ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك‬they ) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﺿﻣﯾر‬
. ‫ ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬every body

: ‫ھﻧﺎك ﺑﻌض اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن اﻟﻧﻔﻲ وﻋﻧد وﺟودھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻧﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻣﺛﺑت وﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬
Scarcely - hardly – rarely – never – neither – nor – none – no one – no body – nothing –
no where – little – few – quite often
Ex : He never helps the poor , does he ? / She ate little food , did she ?

( wouldn’t ) ( ’d rather ) ‫وﻣﻊ‬ ( hadn’t ) ( ’d better ) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻊ‬

Ex : You’d better study , hadn’t you ? / You’d rather come early , wouldn’t you ?

Imperative ‫ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﻣرﯾﺔ‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ‬

Positive Imperative ‫ اﻷﻣر اﻟﻣﺛﺑت‬Negative Imperative ‫اﻷﻣر اﻟﻣﻧﻔﻲ‬

( ‫ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل ) ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻧﺣذف اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ ( Don’t + ‫ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن ) ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬
Open the door . Don't open the door.
Sit down, please . Don't sit down .
Always play sports. Never smoke cigarettes.

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 Negative Sentence ‫اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﻔﯾﺔ‬

Ex : I haven’t eaten fish. ( ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬+ not + ‫ ﻋﻧد اﻟﻧﻔﻲ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ) ﻓﻌل أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬-

.( ‫ ﺑﻌد اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو اﻟﻧﺎﻗص وﻧﺗرك اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻣﺎ ھو‬not ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة أو ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ) ﻧﺿﻊ‬
1)I’m eating some fish now. 1)I’m not eating any fish now.
2) He’s playing tennis now. 2) He’s not playing tennis now.
3) They were sleeping. 3) They were not sleeping.
4) She has just studied English. 4) She has not studied English yet.
5) I have got a car. 5) I have not got a car.
6) I will come tomorrow. 6) I won’t come tomorrow.
7) You should sleep early. 7) You shouldn’t sleep early.
. ‫( وﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدر‬not ) ‫( ﺣﺳب زﻣن اﻟﺣدث ﺛم ﻧﺿﻊ‬do / does / did ) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم وﺟود أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة أو ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫ ( وذﻟك‬He, She , It , ‫ اﻷﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد‬،‫ ( ﺑﻌد ) اﻷﺳم اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدود‬does ) ‫ ( و‬I, We ,You ,They ، ‫ ( ﺑﻌد )اﻷﺳم اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬do ) ‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
. ‫ ( ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻛل ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬did ) ‫ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط أﻣﺎ‬
1) I drive my car every day. 1) I don’t drive my car every day.
2) He drives a car every day. 2) He doesn’t drive a car every day.
3) She drove a car yesterday. 3) She didn’t drive a car yesterday.
.‫( وﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدر‬not ) ‫( ﺣﺳب زﻣن اﻟﺣدث ﺛم ﻧﺿﻊ‬do / does / did ) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻛﺄﻓﻌﺎل أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
1) I have a car. 1) I don’t have a car.
2) He has curly hair. 2) He doesn’t have curly hair.
3) I had some friends. 3) I didn’t have any friends.
4) I have to study. 4) I don’t have to study.
5) He has to get up early. 5) He doesn’t have to get up early.
6) They had to play well. 6) They didn’t have to play well.
7) I do my homework. 7) I don’t do my homework.
8) He does his homework. 8) He doesn’t do his homework.
9) They did all their best. 9) They didn’t do all their best.
.( am / is / are / was /were ) ‫ ( ﻣﻊ ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون‬do / does / did ‫ﻻ ﺗﻧطﺑق اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون ) ﻻ ﯾﺟوز أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
1) I am a boy. 1) I am not a boy.
2) She was ill. 2) She wasn’t ill.
.‫ ( وﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدر‬had better / would rather ) ‫ ﺑﻌد‬not ‫ﻧﺿﻊ‬
1) You’d better study. 1) You’d better not play.
2) I’d rather have tea. 2) I’d rather not have tea.
.( never , nothing , nobody, no one , none , neither , nor… ) ‫ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻧﻔﻲ ﻣﺛل‬
1) He usually plays tennis. 1) He never plays tennis.
2) There was something on the table. 2) There was nothing ( none ) on the table.
3) There was somebody in the park. 3) There was nobody ( no one / none ) in the park.
4) I like fish and meat. 4) I don’t like fish or meat. / I like neither fish nor meat.
5) Both of my parents love shopping. 5) Neither of my parents loves shopping.
6) All ( All of the ) students like English 6) None of the students ( like / likes ) English.
. ‫ ( ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬none / no one / no body ) ‫ (ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ أﺛﻨﯿﻦ أﻣﺎ‬Neither )‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-
‫ ( وﻟﻜﻦ‬like ) ‫ ( أو ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬likes ) ‫ ( ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬none ) ‫ ( أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬loves ) ‫ ( ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬neither ) ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬-
.( likes ) ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬
none ) ‫ ( و‬both ) ‫ ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬neither ) ‫ ( و‬and ) ‫ ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬or ) ‫ ( و‬just / already) ‫ ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬yet ) ‫ ( و‬some ) ‫( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬any ) ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-
. ‫ ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬all ) ‫ ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬no one / no body /

10
 Irregular Verbs ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺎذة‬
Present Past P.P. Present Past P.P.
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺻرﯾف ﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺻرﯾف ﺛﺎﻟث‬
cost ‫ﯾﻛﻠف‬ cost cost break ‫ﯾﻛﺳر‬ broke broken
cut ‫ ﯾﺟرح‬/ ‫ﯾﻘطﻊ‬ cut cut choose ‫ﯾﺧﺗﺎر‬ chose chosen
hit ‫ ﯾﺻطدم‬/ ‫ﯾﺿرب‬ hit hit speak ‫ ﯾﺗﺣدث‬/ ‫ﯾﺗﻛﻠم‬ spoke spoken
hurt ‫ ﯾﺻﯾب‬/ ‫ﯾؤذي‬ hurt hurt steal ‫ﯾﺳرق‬ stole stolen
let ‫ ﯾﺳﻣﺢ‬/‫ ﯾﺗرك‬/ ‫ﯾدع‬ let let wake ‫ﯾوﻗظ‬ woke woken
put ‫ﯾﺿﻊ‬ put put drive ‫ﯾﺳوق‬ drove driven
shut ‫ﯾﻐﻠق‬ shut shut ride ‫ﯾرﻛب‬ rode ridden
rise ‫ ﯾﺷرق‬/ ‫ﯾرﺗﻔﻊ‬ rose risen
lend ‫ﯾﺳﻠف‬ lent lent write ‫ﯾﻛﺗب‬ wrote written
send ‫ﯾرﺳل‬ sent sent
spend ‫ ﯾﻧﻔق‬/ ‫ﯾﻘﺿﻲ‬ spent spent beat ‫ ﯾﻧﺑض‬/ ‫ ﯾﺿرب‬/ ‫ﯾﮭزم‬ beat beaten
build ‫ﯾﺑﻧﻲ‬ built built bite ‫ﯾﻌض‬ bit bitten
burn ‫ ﯾﺣﺗرق‬/ ‫ﯾﺣرق‬ burnt burnt hide ‫ ﯾﺧﺗﺑﺄ‬/ ‫ﯾﺧﻔﻲ‬ hid hidden
learn ‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠم‬ learnt learnt
smell ‫ﯾﺷم‬ smelt smelt eat ‫ﯾﺄﻛل‬ ate eaten
lose ‫ ﯾﺧﺳر‬/ ‫ﯾﻔﻘد‬ lost lost fall ‫ ﯾﻘﻊ‬/ ‫ﯾﺳﻘط‬ fell fallen
shoot ‫ﯾطﻠق‬ shot shot forget ‫ﯾﻧﺳﻲ‬ forgot forgotten
get ‫ ﯾﺣﺻل‬/ ‫ﯾﺻﺑﺢ‬ got got give ‫ﯾﻌطﻲ‬ gave given
light ‫ ﯾﻧﯾر‬/ ‫ﯾﺿﺊ‬ lit lit see ‫ﯾري‬ saw seen
take ‫ﯾﺄﺧذ‬ took taken
sit ‫ﯾﺟﻠس‬ sat sat
keep ‫ﯾﺣﻔظ‬ kept kept blow ‫ ﯾﻧﻔﺦ‬/ ‫ﯾﮭب‬ blew blown
sleep ‫ﯾﻧﺎم‬ slept slept grow ‫ ﯾزرع‬/ ‫ﯾﻛﺑر‬ grew grown
feel ‫ ﯾﺣس‬/ ‫ﯾﺷﻌر‬ felt felt Know ‫ ﯾﻌﻠم‬/ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ knew known
leave ‫ﯾﺗرك‬ left left throw ‫ ﯾﻘذف‬/ ‫ﯾرﻣﻲ‬ threw thrown
meet ‫ﯾﻘﺎﺑل‬ met met fly ‫ﯾطﯾر‬ flew flown
dream ‫ﯾﺣﻠم‬ dreamt dreamt draw ‫ﯾرﺳم‬ drew drawn
mean ‫ ﯾﻘﺻد‬/ ‫ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬ meant meant show ‫ ﯾوﺿﺢ‬/ ‫ﯾﺑﯾن‬ showed shown

bring ‫ﯾﺣﺿر‬ brought brought begin ‫ﯾﺑدأ‬ began begun

buy ‫ﯾﺷﺗري‬ bought bought drink ‫ﯾﺷرب‬ drank drunk
fight ‫ ﯾﺗﺷﺎﺟر‬/ ‫ﯾﺣﺎرب‬ fought fought swim ‫ﯾﺳﺑﺢ‬ swam swum
think ‫ ﯾﻌﺗﻘد‬/ ‫ﯾﻔﻛر‬ thought thought ring ‫ ﯾدق‬/ ‫ﯾرن‬ rang rung
catch ‫ ﯾﺻطﺎد‬/ ‫ﯾﻣﺳك‬ caught caught sing ‫ﯾﻐﻧﻲ‬ sang sung
teach ‫ ﯾﻌﻠم‬/ ‫ﯾدرس‬ taught taught run ‫ﯾﺟري‬ ran run

sell ‫ﯾﺑﯾﻊ‬ sold sold come ‫ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬came come

tell ‫ ﯾﺣﻛﻲ‬/ ‫ﯾﺧﺑر‬ told told become ‫ ﯾﺻﺑﺢ‬became become
go ‫ﯾذھب‬ went gone
find ‫ﯾﺟد‬ found found Helping Verbs ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة‬
have ‫ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬ had had
hear ‫ﯾﺳﻣﻊ‬ heard heard ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺻرﯾف ﺛﺎﻟث‬
hold ‫ ﯾﻌﻘد‬/ ‫ﯾﻣﺳك‬ held held
be ‫ﯾﻛون‬ am / is was been
read ‫ﯾﻘرأ‬ read read are were
say ‫ﯾﻘول‬ said said have ‫ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬ have / has had had
pay ‫ ﯾﺳدد‬/ ‫ﯾدﻓﻊ‬ paid paid do ‫ﯾﻔﻌل‬ do / does did done
make ‫ ﯾﺻﻧﻊ‬/ ‫ﯾﺟﻌل‬ made made Modal Verbs ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ‬
stand ‫ﯾﻘف‬ stood stood ‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬ will shall can may must
understand ‫ﯾﻔﮭم‬ understood understood
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ would should could might had to
shine ‫ ﯾﺳطﻊ‬/ ‫ﯾﺷرق‬ shone shone

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 ‫أﺷﻛﺎل اﻟﻔﻌل‬

( go / play … ) ‫ ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬Infinitive (١

‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌد‬ Example

(do , does , did , don’t , doesn’t , didn’t ) - Did you go to school yesterday ?
.‫ﻟﻠﻧﻔﻲ وﺗﻛوﯾن اﻟﺳؤال ﻓﻲ زﻣﻧﻲ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط واﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬ - My brother doesn’t play tennis .
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ‬ - I will visit you tomorrow .
{will (‘ll ) - would (‘d ) / shall - should - You should study your lessons .
can - could / may - might -must - had to / - You ought to play sports .
have ( has ) to - had to - ought to
‫اﻷﺳم اﻟﺟﻣﻊ ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬, We , You , They , I - I usually get up early .
. ‫ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬- My friends play soccer every week
: ‫ ( ﻓﻘط‬to ) ‫ ﺑﻌض اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ب‬- I forgot to do my homework .
( want - need - would like - hope – plan - try – afford- - I’d like to have tea .
fail- refuse – arrange- tend- decide- forget- learn-
promise - offer - manage ) - My father told me to study .
: to + ‫ او ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ب ﻣﻔﻌول‬- Does he want to play football ?
ask - tell – advise – teach - persuade - expect -
encourage – help -remind… )
: ( to ) ‫ﺑﻌض اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﺑدون‬ - The film made me cry .
make / let ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ - My father let me go .
had better / would rather ‫ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھم ﻣﻔﻌول‬- You had better study your lessons .
- I’d rather have tea .
used to ‫ اﻋﺗﺎد أن‬- When I was young , I used to sleep
early .
to , in order to , so as to ‫ﻟﻛﻲ‬ - I go to school to learn .
to ‫ أن‬- The tea is too hot to drink .
- He isn’t old enough to drive a car .
- Open the door , please .
‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر واﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ - Never play with matches .
- If you go to the club , call me please .
V+ ing (ing ) ‫( ﻓﻌل ﻣﻧﺗﮭﻲ ب‬2)

‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌد‬ Examples

(be / am , is , are / was , were / been )‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون‬ - I am studying English now .
. ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣرة‬ - I have been waiting for two hours .
( in , on , at , of , for , about , by , - I’m fond of reading stories .
: ‫ﺣروف اﻟﺟر‬
with , without , through , during ….. ) - My sister is interested in cooking .
: ‫اﻟرواﺑط اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ اذا ﺣذﻓﻧﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬
- After watching TV , I went to bed .
( After , Before, when, while, As soon as..) -While walking alone , I saw a snake .
: ‫ ﺑﻌض اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬- Did you enjoy watching the film ?
(go -enjoy -avoid-keep- complete - finish -stop- - My brother fears going out at night .
quit-give up-mind-suggest-imagine-fear-miss- - Healthy lifestyle involves playing
practise-deny-involve- risk- fancy ….) sports.
Verb + object ( ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬+ ‫) ﻓﻌل أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ - I saw some boys playing football .
- There is a man waiting for you .
( am , is , are ) - He’s used to reading stories .
( was , were ) used to - I get used to sleeping early .
( get , got )
‫ ﯾﺗطﻠﻊ اﻟﻲ‬Look forward to - I’m looking forward to seeing you .
( S ) ‫ اﺳم اﻟﻔﻌل ) ﻓﻲ ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ( واﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻌده ﯾﻛون ﻣﻧﺗﮭﻲ ب‬- Playing sports makes you healthy .

١2
 : ‫ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات‬
I can’t stand ‫ﻻ أﺳﺗطﯾﻊ ﺗﺣﻣل‬ -I can’t stand waiting for him.
I can’t help ‫ﻻ أﺳﺗطﯾﻊ أن أﻣﺗﻧﻊ ﻋن‬ - I can’t help laughing.
It’s no use / good ‫ﻻ ﻓﺎﺋدة ﻣن‬ - It’s no use smoking cigarettes.
It’s worth ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺣق‬ - It’s worth watching .
How about / What about ? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻋن‬ - How about playing soccer ?
Would you mind / Do you mind ? ‫ھل ﺗﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ - Would you mind opening the door ?
( goes / plays …. ) ( V+ S ) ( S ) ‫( ﻓﻌل ﻣﻧﺗﮭﻲ ب‬٣)

‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌد‬ Examples

( He , She , It , ‫ اﻷﺳم اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدود‬,‫ ) اﻷﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد‬- My brother always gets up early .
‫ ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬- Water boils at 100 degree .
( ing ‫ﺑﻌد اﺳم اﻟﻔﻌل ) اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﻲ ب‬ - Playing sports makes you healthy .
( went / played ) ‫( ﻓﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬4 )
‫اﻷﺳﺗﺧدام‬ Examples
. ‫ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬- - Yesterday , I studied English .

( yesterday-last- ago- one day - once - - I went to the zoo and saw many animals .
in the past …)
. ( ‫ ﺣدث ﻣﻔﺎﺟﻲء ) ﯾﻘطﻊ ﺣدث ﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬- - While I was running , I fell down.

‫ ﺣدث ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌد ﺣدث أﺧر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ) اﻷول ﯾﻛون‬- - After I had studied , I went out .
. ( ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
- I had studied before I went out .
( gone / played ) ‫( ﻓﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬5)

‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌد‬ Examples

( have , has , had ) ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬ - I’ve just done my homework .

( ‫ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻣﺔ ) ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺗﺎم وﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬- I haven’t studied English yet .
- I didn’t go out till I had studied English .
( be / being / am , is , are / was , were / - Our school was built in 1980 .
been ) ‫ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون‬
- The children are told to sleep early .
( passive voice ) ‫وذﻟك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬

be , being , am , is , are , was , were , been ( V + ing ) playing ‫ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠوم‬/ (V3) played ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

do , does , did , don’t , doesn’t , didn’t ( inf. ‫ ( ) ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬play / go )

will , would ‫وﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ‬ ( inf. ‫ ( ) ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬play / go )

have , has , had ( V3 ) ( played / gone )

١3
 Tenses ‫اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ‬

Tense Affirmative ‫اﺛﺑﺎت‬ Negative ‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬ Question ‫ﺳؤال‬

Present Simple - Inf. ( play / go ) ‫ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬ ( don’t / doesn’t ) + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ( do /does ) + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+‫? اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺑﺳﯾط‬
-V+s ( plays / goes )( s + ‫) ﻓﻌل‬ don’t / doesn’t ( play / go ) Do you play? / Does he play?

‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ always - usually- sometimes - occasionally- often-rarely-seldom-never - every ( day/week .. )

Past Simple Regular ( played ) ‫ﻣﻧﺗظم‬ didn’t + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ Did + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+ ‫? اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ Irregular ( went ) ‫ﺷﺎذ‬ didn’t ( play / go ) Did you ( play / go ) yesterday?
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ yesterday - once - one day - ago - in the past - last ( day / week ..) - in 1990 - WW1

Future ( will / shall ) + ‫( اﻟﻣﺻدر‬play ) won’t + ‫ ( اﻟﻣﺻدر‬play ) will + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+ ‫? اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

Simple I will play tomorrow. I won’t play tomorrow. Will you play tomorrow ?

‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﺑﺳﯾط‬ (am-is-are)+going to + inf. (am-is-are) not + going to + inf. (Am-Is-Are)+ ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+ going to +inf.?
I’m going to play tomorrow. I’m not going to play…… Are you going to play tomorrow ?
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ tomorrow - next ( day / week ..) - soon - today - in the future - in (two weeks) - hope - wish

Present (am-is-are ) + v + ing ( playing) (am-is-are ) not + v+ ing ( Am-Is-Are) + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+V + ing ?
Continuous
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬ I’m playing now. I’m not playing now. Are you playing ?
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ now - at this moment - at the present time - these days - this week - Look !- Listen !

Past (was -were )+ v + ing (playing) (was /were )+ not + v + ing (was / were ) + ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+ V+ ing
Continuous
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬ I was playing at 6 last day. I wasn’t playing at 6 last day. Were you playing at 6 last day?

‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ While ( As ) ‫ ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ‬- When ‫ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬- All ( day - night ) ( ‫ اﻟﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬/ ‫ طوال )اﻟﯾوم‬- at 6:00 yesterday

Present Perfect ( have / has ) + V3 (played ) (have /has)+ not + V3 (played) ( have / has ) + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+ V3 ?
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬
I have just played tennis. I haven’t played tennis yet. Have you played yet ?

‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ just - already - ever - never - for - since- yet - several times - so far - lately - recently

Present Perfect ( have / has ) + been + V+ing (have /has)+ not + been+ V+ing (have /has) + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬+ been+ V+ ing
Continuous
‫ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺗﺎم ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬ I have been playing for 2 hours. I haven’t been playing ….. Have you been playing ….. ?

Past Perfect had +( V3 ) ( played / gone ) hadn’t + (V3) (played/ gone ) had + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬+ ( V3 ) ( played ) ?
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ I had played tennis . I hadn’t played tennis . Had you played tennis ?
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ ( After - As soon as ) / ( Till - Until ) / ( Before - By the time )

. ‫◄ ﺷﻛل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ) ﻓﻲ اﻷﺛﺑﺎت واﻟﻧﻔﻲ واﻟﺳؤال ( ﻣﺎﻋدا زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط واﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
. ( Verb to Do ‫◄ ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط واﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ) ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ واﻟﺳؤال ﺑﻌد‬
Examples
‫أﺛﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺳؤال‬
He plays football . He doesn’t play football . Does he play football ?
He played football . He didn’t play football . Did he play football ?

14
Affirmative ‫ اﻷﺛﺑﺎت‬Negative ‫ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬Question ‫اﻟﺳؤال‬

‫اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ ‫ ﻓﻌل‬+ S don’t ‫اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ Do

‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ inf
doesn’t Does ..

live lives Do play

go goes don’t ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ live
Watch watches play Does go
try tries live
study studies doesn’t go Yes, ….. ( do / does )
play plays No, …….( don’t / doesn’t )

I I I
We We we
You ‫اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ You don’t + inf. Do you + inf.
They They they
‫اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ‬

He He he
Does
She She she + inf.
‫ ﻓﻌل‬+ s doesn’t
It It + inf it
‫اﺳم ﻣﻔرد‬ ‫اﺳم ﻣﻔرد‬ ‫اﺳم ﻣﻔرد‬

I usually go to school. I don’t go to school . Do you go to school ?

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t .

Ali plays football. Ali doesn’t play football. Does Ali play football ?
Yes, he does . / No, he doesn’t .

They ride bikes . They don’t ride bikes . What do they ride ?
They ride bikes .

My sister reads stories . My sister doesn’t read stories. What does your sister read ?
She reads stories .
: ‫◄ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
Always ‫ داﺋﻣﺎ‬-usually ‫ﻋﺎدة‬- sometimes ‫ أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬-often ‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ‬-seldom / scarcely / rarely ‫ ﻧﺎدرا‬-never ‫أﺑدا‬
Every / Each ( day – week- month- year…) ( ‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬ – ‫ﻛل )ﯾوم – أﺳﺑوع – ﺷﮭر‬
Once day
Twice a week
Three times month
year

- I usually go to the park . ‫( ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻧﺗظﻣﺔ‬١ : ‫◄ ﯾﻌﺑر اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻋن‬

The sun rises in the east . ‫ ( ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬٢
My father works in an office. ‫( ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ﯾوﻣﯾﺔ‬٣
: ‫◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﺑﻌد اﻟرواﺑط اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬
Ex : When I travel to Paris , I will see Eiffel Tower.

15
Affirmative ‫ اﻷﺛﺑﺎت‬Negative ‫ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬Question ‫اﻟﺳؤال‬

didn’t ‫اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ Did ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ inf

‫ﻣﻧﺗظم‬ ‫ﺷﺎذ‬
.
watch watched watched didn’t watch Yes , …… ( did )
live lived lived didn’t live No , ……. ( didn’t )
study studied studied didn’t study
play played played didn’t play
go went went didn’t go
see saw saw didn’t see

‫ﺑﻌض اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺷﺎذة‬

am / is was are were do / does did
have / has had sell sold tell told
drink drank swim swam ring rang
sing sang run ran come came
become became drive drove ride rode
write wrote take took give gave
get got forget forgot fall fell
speak spoke choose chose break broke
fly flew grow grew blow blew
draw drew smell smelt feel felt
sleep slept eat ate make made

I went to school yesterday. I didn’t go to school. Did you go to school ?

Yes, I did . / No, I didn’t .

Ali played football . Ali didn’t play football . Did Ali play football ?
Yes, he did . / No, he didn’t .

They rode bikes last week. They didn’t ride bikes . What did they ride ?
They rode bikes .

My father traveled last year. My father didn’t travel last When did your father travel ?
year. He traveled last year.

: ‫◄ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬

yesterday ‫ أﻣس‬- last ( day - week - month - year ) ‫ اﻟﺳﻧﺔ ( اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬-‫ اﻟﺷﮭر‬-‫ اﻷﺳﺑوع‬-‫) اﻟﯾوم‬

( two days - two weeks …..) ago ( ...... ‫ ﻣﻧذ ) ﯾوﻣﯾن – أﺳﺑوﻋﯾن‬- In the past ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬- Once ‫ذات ﻣرة‬

One day ‫ ذات ﯾوم‬- Once upon a time ‫ ﯾﺣﻛﻲ أن‬- In 1990

: ‫◄ ﯾﻌﺑر اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻋن ﺣدث ﺗم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ وأﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ‬

Ex : I watched a good film on TV. last night .
My friend bought a new car last week .
My sister swam in the sea three weeks ago .
I saw many monkeys when I went to the zoo .
I didn’t come because I was ill .

16
Affirmative ‫اﻷﺛﺑﺎت‬ Negative ‫ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬Question ‫اﻟﺳؤال‬

will (’ ll ) won’t Will

‫اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻد ر‬
shall shan’t Shall

Yes, …. will / shall

No , …. won’t / shan’t

. ‫ ( ﻓﻧﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋر‬will ) ‫ ( أﻣﺎ‬I , we ) ‫ ( ﻓﻘط ﻣﻊ‬shall ) ‫◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬

I will come tomorrow . I won’t come tomorrow . Will you come tomorrow ?
Yes , I will . / No , I won’t .

I will travel next week . I won’t travel next week . When will you travel ?
I’ll travel next week .

‫ﺷﻛل أﺧر ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬

am am not Am

is isn’t Is
+ going to + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ + going to + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ + + S + going to +‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

are aren’t
Are

I’m going to watch TV today . I’m not going to watch TV today. Are you going to watch TV ?
Yes , I am . / No , I’m not .

My friend is going to study . My friend isn’t going to study . Is your friend going to study ?
Yes , he is . / No , he isn’t .

: ‫◄ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬

tomorrow ‫ ﻏدا‬- next ( day – week – month – year ) ‫ اﻟﺷﮭر – اﻟﺳﻧﺔ ( اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬-‫) اﻟﯾوم – اﻷﺳﺑوع‬
soon ‫ ﻗرﯾﺑﺎ‬- hope / wish ‫ ﯾﺗﻣﻧﻲ‬/ ‫ ﯾﺄﻣل‬- In the future ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬- In 2050

Ex: He will travel next week . ‫ ( ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻓﻌل ﺳوف ﯾﺣدث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬will +inf.) ‫◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
Ex : I think Ali will come soon. : ‫◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺗﻧﺑؤ‬
Ex: I’m hungry. I will have a sandwich. : ‫◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻗرار ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬
Ex: There are dark clouds . It’s going to rain. ( will ) ‫ ( ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬be + going to + inf. ) ‫◄ﻋﻧد وﺟود دﻟﯾل ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
Ex : I’m going to study English today. : ‫ ( ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻧﯾﺔ‬will +inf. ) ‫ ( أو‬be+ going to + inf. ) ‫◄وﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬
I will study English today.
: ‫◄ﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﺑﻌد اﻟرواﺑط اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة واﻧﻣﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
Ex : After I finish university , I will have a job. /When I go to Paris , I’m going to buy a new car.
: ‫◄ﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬
Ex : If we boil water , it turns into steam ( will turn ) ‫ﻻ ﯾﺟوز ان ﻧﻘول‬
.( ‫ ( ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ) ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون اﻟﺣدث ﻣؤﻛد‬am / is / are + ‫ ﻓﻌل‬+ ing ) ‫◄ ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬
Ex : My father has got a ticket . He is traveling next week .

17
 Affirmative ‫اﻷﺛﺑﺎت‬ Negative ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ Question ‫اﻟﺳؤال‬

am am not Am
‫ ﻓﻌل‬+ ing ‫ ﻓﻌل‬+ ing ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬
is isn’t Is
+ing
are aren’t Are

am (’m )
is (’ s ) Yes , … ( am / is / are ) .
are ( ’re ) No , … ( am not / isn’t / aren’t ).

I am I am not Am I

He He He
She She She ‫ﻓﻌل‬
It is It isn’t Is It
‫اﺳم ﻣﻔرد‬ ‫اﺳم ﻣﻔرد‬ ‫اﺳم ﻣﻔرد‬ +ing

We We We
You are You aren’t You
They They Are They
‫اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ‬

I’m eating fish now. I am not eating fish . Are you eating fish ?
Yes, I am . / No, I’m not .

Look ! Ali is playing football . Ali isn’t playing football . Is Ali playing football ?
Yes, he is . / No , he isn’t .

They aren’t singing . Are they singing ?

Listen ! They're singing . Yes , they are . / No, they aren’t .

I'm not studying now . What are you doing now ?

I'm studying now . I'm studying now .

: ‫زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬ ‫◄ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬

now ‫ اﻷن‬- at the moment ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻠﺣظﺔ‬- Look ! ‫اﻧظر‬- Listen ! ‫ أﺳﺗﻣﻊ‬- today ‫اﻟﯾوم‬
This ( day – week ……) ( ...... ‫ ھذا ) اﻟﯾوم – اﻷﺳﺑوع‬- at the present time ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻗت اﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ‬
Be quiet ! ‫ ﻛن ھﺎدﺋﺎ‬- Watch out ! ‫ أﺣﺗرس‬- Be careful ! ‫ﻛن ﺣرﯾﺻﺎ‬

: ‫◄ ﯾﻌﺑر زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻋن ﻓﻌل ﯾﺣدث اﻷن ) ﻟﺣظﺔ اﻟﻛﻼم ( أو ﺣدث ﻣؤﻗت‬
Ex : 1) My father is reading a newspaper at the moment .
2) Look ! My friend is climbing a tree . 3) We are having exams this week .

: ‫◄ ﯾﻌﺑر زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻋن ﻓﻌل ﯾﺣدث ﺗدرﯾﺟﯾﺎ‬

Ex : Air pollution is increasing very fast .
: ( ing ‫◄ ﺑﻌض اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣرة ) ﻻ ﻧﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬
like / love ‫ ﯾﺣب‬- see ‫ ﯾري‬- hear ‫ ﯾﺳﻣﻊ‬- have ‫ ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬- think / believe ‫ ﯾﻌﺗﻘد‬- feel ‫ ﯾﺷﻌر‬-
understand ‫ ﯾﻔﮭم‬- prefer ‫ ﯾﻔﺿل‬- hope / wish ‫ ﯾﺗﻣﻧﻲ‬- seem / appear ‫ ﯾﺑدو‬- smell ‫ ﯾﺷم‬- taste ‫ﯾﺗذوق‬
sound ‫ ﯾﺑدو ﻣن ﺻوﺗﮫ‬- want ‫ ﯾرﯾد‬- need ‫ ﯾﺣﺗﺎج‬- know ‫ ﯾﻌرف‬- cost ‫ ﯾﻛﻠف‬- own ‫ﯾﻣﺗﻠك‬
: ‫◄ ھذه اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺳﻣﯾﮭﺎ أﻓﻌﺎل ﻻ ارادﯾﺔ ) ﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺟﮭود ( وﻧﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
Ex : I hear a loud sound now .
: ‫◄اذا ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك ﻣﺟﮭود ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﺿﺎرع ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬
Ex : The food tastes delicious. (‫ ) ﺑدون ﻣﺟﮭود‬/ The cook is tasting the food now. ( ‫)ﯾوﺟد ﻣﺟﮭود‬

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