The present continuous

Sub. ‫الفاعل‬ + (am/is/are ) + v+ing

Ali is watching TV.

They are playing football.

I am revising my lessons
 ‫ى‬
Passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬

Object ‫المفعول‬ + (am/is/are ) + being + PP.

My car is being washed now.

The questions are being answered at the moment by the students.

 ‫ى‬
Passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬
‫ لالفعال ى‬1
‫الن تحدث اإلن وقت الكالم‬
Now – today – tonight – at the moment – look – listen – still

Ali is watching TV. now

At the moment Soha is studying English.
‫ أفعال تحدث هذه اإليام فقط‬2
I am studying hard these days.
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
)‫الماض ( فعل مستحدث‬ ‫ فعل يحدث اإلن لم يكن يحدث ف‬3

Young people are using the mobiles a lot these days.

 ‫ى‬
Passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬
‫ى‬ ‫الن تم ى‬
‫ لالفعال ى‬4
‫التتيب لها لىك تحدث ف المستقبل‬
Ahmed booked the ticket. He is travelling to London next Sunday.
‫كثتا و يكون مزعج او مصدر قلق لالخرين‬
‫للتعبت عن فعل يحدث ر‬
‫ر‬ always ‫يستخدم مع كلمة دائما‬ 5

Ali is always asking a lot of questions and that makes me angry.

Why is Huda always playing loud music? That annoys me too much.

‫قصتة او مؤقتة‬ ‫زمنية‬ ‫ة‬ ‫الن تحدث ى‬

‫لفت‬ ‫ لالفعال المؤقتة اى ى‬6
‫ر‬

I'm working in a restaurant during the summer holiday only.

 ‫هناك مجموعة من اإلفعال تسىم افعال الحالة ( الثابتة ‪ /‬اللحظية ) ‪stative‬‬
‫ى‬
‫هذه اإلفعال إل تأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة‬
‫ى‬
‫أفعال إل تأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة‬

‫‪notice‬‬ ‫يالحظ‬ ‫‪believe‬‬ ‫يعتقد‬

‫‪like‬‬ ‫يحب‬ ‫‪desire‬‬ ‫يرغب‬
‫‪hate‬‬ ‫يكره‬ ‫‪appear‬‬ ‫يظهر‬
‫‪dislike‬‬ ‫يكره‬ ‫‪cost‬‬ ‫يكلف‬
‫ى‬
‫‪trust‬‬ ‫يثق ف‬ ‫‪equal‬‬ ‫يساوي‬
‫‪know‬‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫‪owe‬‬ ‫يدين ب ـ‬
‫‪mind‬‬ ‫يمانع‬ ‫‪own‬‬ ‫يملك‬
‫‪find‬‬ ‫يجد‬ ‫‪possess‬‬ ‫يملك‬
 ‫ى‬
‫أفعال إل تأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة‬

‫‪wish‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫يتمن‬ ‫‪doubt‬‬ ‫يشك‬
‫‪matter‬‬ ‫يهم‪/‬يؤثر‬ ‫‪fit‬‬ ‫يالئم‪/‬يناسب‬
‫‪stop‬‬ ‫يتوقف‬ ‫‪suspect‬‬ ‫يشك‬
‫‪forget‬‬ ‫ينىس‬ ‫‪suppose‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫يفتض‬
‫‪finish‬‬ ‫ينىه‬ ‫‪fear‬‬ ‫يخاف‬
‫‪imagine‬‬ ‫يتخيل‬ ‫‪miss‬‬ ‫يفتقد‬
‫‪join‬‬ ‫يلتحق ب ـ‬ ‫‪suit‬‬ ‫يالئم‪/‬يناسب‬
‫‪start‬‬ ‫يبدأ‬ ‫‪surprise‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫يفاجء‬
 ‫ى‬
‫أفعال إل تأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة‬

‫‪hope‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫يتمن‬ ‫‪remember‬‬ ‫يتذكر‬
‫‪need‬‬ ‫يحتاج‬ ‫‪measure‬‬ ‫يقيس‬
‫‪want‬‬ ‫يريد‬ ‫‪disbelieve‬‬ ‫إل يعتقد‬
‫‪prefer‬‬ ‫يفضل‬ ‫‪belong to‬‬ ‫يخص‬
‫‪seem‬‬ ‫يبدو‬ ‫‪understand‬‬ ‫يفهم‬
‫‪sound‬‬ ‫يبدو‬ ‫‪recognize‬‬ ‫يتعرف عىل‬
‫‪mean‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫يعن‬ ‫‪consider‬‬ ‫يعتت‬
‫ى‬
‫‪realize‬‬ ‫يدرك‬ ‫‪contain‬‬ ‫يحتوى عىل‬
 ‫ى‬
‫أفعال إل تأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة‬
‫ى‬
‫بمعن ر ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫معي‬ ‫أفعال إل تأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة‬
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫المعن اإلخر يأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة عادى‬ ‫و‬

‫ثابت‬ ‫مستمر‬
‫‪have‬‬ ‫يملك‬ ‫يتناول‪/‬يأكل‪/‬يأخذ‬
‫‪taste‬‬ ‫يعىط طعم‬ ‫يتذوق‬
‫‪smell‬‬ ‫يعىط رائحة‬ ‫يشم‬
‫‪feel‬‬ ‫يعتقد‬ ‫يشعر ‪/‬يتحسس‬
‫‪see‬‬ ‫يرى‬ ‫يزور‪/‬يقابل‬
‫‪think‬‬ ‫يظن‪/‬يعتقد‬ ‫يفكر‬
‫‪look‬‬ ‫يبدو‬ ‫ينظر‬
‫‪weigh‬‬ ‫يعىط وزن‬ ‫يزن‬
 ‫ى‬
‫أفعال إل تأت مع اإلزمنة المستمرة‬

Today I have a nice car.

I'm having lunch now

This soup tastes salty at the moment

Ali is tasting the soup now.

Exercises
At the moment we ……………. a history project
at school. It is very interesting.

do

are doing

have done
will do
I …………….. in London for three weeks in
July.

staying
am stayed

am stay
am staying
 I ……………….. to visit Paris.

am wanting
wants

want
am wanted
That bag …………………. to my mother.

belong

belonging

is belonging
belongs
I ……………….. a pen. You can use it.

am having

having

have
has
Mona is really enjoying her holiday on the
island. She ………. a really good time.

has

had

is having
having
Most scientists ………………….. that the world is
getting hotter.

believing

believe

are believing
are believed
I enjoy hearing Greek music, and most of the
food ………………really good!

is tasting
taste

is tasted
tastes
Ola can't come out to walk now. She …….…......
an important report.

does

is doing

has done
has been doing
The flower …………………. wonderful.

smelling

smells

smell
is smelling
Look! The tree in the garden ……………………. .

are being watered

is being watered

has been watered

is watered
The Future continues
‫المستقبل المستمر‬
 The Future continues ‫المستقبل المستمر‬

Sub. ‫الفاعل‬ + Will / may + be + Ing.

We use the future continuous to talk about actions that

will be in progress at a time in the future.

‫نستخدم المستقبل المستمر للتحدث عن فعل سوف يستمر‬

‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫لفتة ما ف المستقبل‬
 ‫معي او ى‬
‫فتة زمنية لحدوث هذا الفعل‬ ‫وعادة نحدد وقت ر ى‬

At / for / this time next ……. / from …. To …..

I can't visit you because I will be doing my homework this evening.

I'll be eating lunch at 7 o'clock in the morning tomorrow.

Sami will be playing football for 3 hours next Sunday.

Huda will be cleaning the house from 5 o'clock to 7 o'clock next Monday
Use may if you are not certain: may ‫غت متأكدين نستخدم‬
‫عندما نكون ر‬
Not sure – perhaps – possible – not certain ….

I'm not sure that Samia may be studying English tomorrow

at 4 o'clock
The Future perfect
‫المستقبل التام‬
 The future perfect ‫المستقبل التام‬

Sub. ‫الفاعل‬ + Will have + P.P

We use the future perfect to predict something that

will be finished by a particular time in the future:

‫نستخدم المستقبل التام للتنبوء بفعل سوف يتم ( ينتىه ) قبل وقت‬
‫ى‬
‫محدد ف المستقبل‬
 The future perfect ‫المستقبل التام‬

‫ى‬
By – before – by the time – in + ‫زمن او فتة زمنية‬

By the end of next year, the government will have built a new
school in the village.

Samy will have travelled to London before next Sunday.

 The future perfect ‫المستقبل التام‬

‫المفعول به‬ + Will have been + P.P

By the end of next year, a new school will have been built in
our village by the government.
Exercises
By the end of next year, the government
……… the hospital in our town.

has modernised
will modernise
will have been modernised
will have modernised
I think we ……… this big task before the
end of next week; we will take longer.

will have finished

won’t have finished
haven’t finished
are finishing
The government ……… more and more
factories by next year.

are building
has built
will have built
will be built
Don’t worry; I will be awake when you
come back. I ……… to bed before eleven.

have gone

hadn’t gone

had gone
won’t have gone
My brother ………… from the university
by the end of next July.

is going to graduate
will be graduating
will have graduated
has graduated
I can't visit you because I....for my sister's
wedding all next afternoon

might have

going to prepare

will prepare
will be preparing
From 7 to 9 tomorrow, I................. the
final match on TV.

will watch

am going to watch
watch
will be watching
At one o’clock tomorrow, I ……… lunch
with my friends.

will eat
’ll be eating

am going to eat
eat
 ‫ى‬
‫المقارنة ف الصفات‬
 ‫ى‬
‫المقارنة ف الصفات‬
‫ى ى‬ ‫بي ر ى‬
‫أوإل ‪ :‬المقارنة ر ى‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

‫‪Adj‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪er than‬‬

‫‪Ali is older Than John‬‬

‫‪Mona is younger than Samia‬‬

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫بي ر ى‬
‫أوإل ‪ :‬المقارنة ر ى‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

‫اذا كانت الصفة منتهية ب ‪ y‬فاننا نحولها اىل ‪ier‬‬

‫‪Easy = easier‬‬
‫‪happy = happier‬‬
‫‪heavy = heavier‬‬

‫‪The last month exam is easier than this exam.‬‬

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫بي ر ى‬
‫أوإل ‪ :‬المقارنة ر ى‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

‫اإلخت‬
‫ر‬ ‫اذا كانت الصفة تنتىه بحرف متحرك قبل الحرف‬
‫اإلخت قبل اضافة ال ‪er‬‬
‫ر‬ ‫اإلخت متحرك ) نضاعف الحرف‬
‫ر‬ ‫( لو كان الحرف الىل قبل‬

‫‪Fat = fatter‬‬
‫‪thin = thinner‬‬
‫هناك بعض الصفات الشاذة و لها شكل خاص عند استخدامها مع هذه القاعدة‬

good ‫جيد‬ better ‫ أحسن‬/‫أفضل‬

bad ‫سنء‬ ‫ر‬ worse ‫أسوأ‬
little ‫قليل‬ less ‫أقل‬
much ‫كثت‬
‫ر‬ more ‫أكت‬
many ‫عديد‬ more ‫أكت‬
far ‫بعيد‬ farther/further ‫أبعد‬

Soha is better than Huda in writing

Tamer is worse than Hani in English

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫بي ر ى‬
‫أوإل ‪ :‬المقارنة ر ى‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

‫ر ى‬
‫مقطعي او اكت‬ ‫لو كانت الصفة طويلة اى تتكون من‬
‫إل نضيف ‪ er‬لكن نضيف ‪ more‬قبل الصفة‬

‫‪Soha is more beautiful than Mona.‬‬

‫‪Mobile phones are more expensive than watches.‬‬

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫بي ر ى‬
‫أوإل ‪ :‬المقارنة ر ى‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

‫بي الصفات نستخدم ‪ less‬و ى‬

‫تأت قبل كل انواع‬ ‫لو عايزين نقلل الفرق ر ى‬
‫قصتة و هنا إلنستخدم ‪ er‬او ‪more‬‬
‫الصفات طويلة او ر‬

‫) ‪Samia is less tall than Huda ( less taller X‬‬

‫‪Mona is less beautiful than Sandy.‬‬

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫بي ر ى‬
‫ المقارنة ر ى‬: ‫أوإل‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

adj ‫ الصفة‬+er
more + ‫صفة طويلة‬ than
less + ‫الصفة‬

Samia is taller than Huda

Tigers are more dangerous than dogs

My mobile is more expensive than yours

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫بي ر ى‬
‫ المقارنة ر ى‬: ‫أوإل‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

‫بي الصفات ى‬
.. ‫يعن عايزين نقول أطول جدا‬ ‫اذا كنا عايزين نزود الفرق ر ى‬

Much/ a lot / far adj ‫ الصفة‬+er

Rather/even / quite more + ‫صفة طويلة‬ than
A bit / a little/slightly less + ‫الصفة‬

This house is much taller than that mine.

Mona is a bit more beautiful than Soha.

Huda is a little less fat than Samia.

 ‫ى‬
‫المقارنة ف الصفات‬
‫ى ى‬ ‫ تساوى ر ى‬: ‫ثانيا‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

as + adj ‫صفة‬ + as

Ali is as young as Hani.

Soha is as beautiful as Mona.

Lions are as dangerous as tigers.

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫ تساوى ر ى‬: ‫ثالثا‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

almost as + adj ‫صفة‬ + as

Ali is almost as young as Hani.

Soha is almost as beautiful as Mona.

Lions are almost as dangerous as tigers.

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫ تساوى ر ى‬: ‫ثالثا‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

The same + n. ‫اسم‬ + as/of

Ali is the same age as Hani

Soha is the same beauty of Mona.

Lions are the same danger as tigers.

 ‫ى ى‬ ‫ تساوى ر ى‬: ‫ثالثا‬
‫مجموعتي ف نفس الصفة‬
‫ر‬ ‫اثني او‬

Exactly the same + n. ‫اسم‬ + as/of

Ali is exactly the same age as Hani

Soha is exactly the same beauty of Mona.

Lions are exactly the same danger as tigers.

Exercises
China is.............than any other
country in the world.

most populated
more populated

populated
as populated
 It is...........more expensive to live in
London than any other city in Britain.

very
few

little
far
The second exercise is.........more
difficult than the first.

rather
so

as
many
 You were a little depressed
yesterday, but you look..........today.

happier
more happy
much happy
happiest
I think air pollution is...........more
dangerous than sound pollution.

so
a lot

many
a lot of
I thought she was younger than me, but
in fact she's slightly...........

old
older
oldest
eldest
Travelling by plane is ………… than
travelling by train.

much comfortable
much more comfortable
comfortable
most comfortable
Your bag is ………… mine. It is the same
colour, size and price.

slightly different from

exactly the same as
not similar to
almost as expensive as
Hatim is almost as ………… as his elder
brother.

tall

a tall
taller
tallest
 You aren’t careful, Amir; you make
………… mistakes you have made before.

a completely different
a slightly different
exactly same
exactly the same
Excellent, Samir; your composition has greatly
improved. It’s ………… before; I found no
mistakes.

not different from

a lot better than

almost as bad as
exactly the good as
The Past Simple
‫ى‬
‫الماض البسيط‬
 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬

Verb + ed

Play = played
watch = watched

There are some irregular verbs ‫الغت منتظمة‬

‫توجد بعض اإلفعال ر‬

Go = went
run = ran
take = took
 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬
‫ىف حالة ى‬
In the negative we use ‫النف نستخدم‬

Subject + didn't + inf.

Heba didn't wash her face last Sunday

 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬
‫ى‬
In the question we use ‫و كذلك ف حالة السؤال نستخدم‬

Did + inf

What did you buy yesterday?

Did Samy phone you?

 We use the past simple to refer to actions which started and
finished in the past, often with a time or date:
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض و غالبا نضع معها تاريـ ــخ او‬ ‫الماض البسيط لالشارة اىل احداث بدأت وانتهت ف‬ ‫يستخدم‬
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض‬ ‫وقت حدوث الفعل ف‬

Yesterday–last … – ago–in the past–once - in + ‫تاريـ ــخ قديم‬

She visited London in 2001

I was in Alex two months ago

Huda bought a new mobile last week

 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬

We can also use the past simple to refer to one event followed by
another in the past :
‫ى‬
‫ فعل يتبعه فعل اخر‬/ ‫الماض البسيط لالشارة اىل حدث‬ ‫نستطيع ان نستخدم‬
‫ر‬
‫مباشة ( فعل ى‬
)‫مبن عىل اإلخر‬

When he had an idea, he wrote a short story

When he felt a pain, he saw a doctor

 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬

We also use the past simple to describe past habits:

‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض‬ ‫الماض و كذلك الحقائق و الثوابت ف‬ ‫لوصف العادات واإلفعال المتكررة ف‬

I always ate breakfast before I went to school

I played football everyday when I was young

 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬

Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ used to + inf

‫ى‬ ‫ى ى‬
‫الماض و لكنه توقف عنه اإلن‬ ‫معي ف‬‫أعتاد عىل القيام بفعل ر‬

I used to get up early when I was young but now I get up late.
 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬

Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ didn't use to + inf.

Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ never + used to + inf.

) ‫لم يعتاد ان ( و اصبح اإلن معتاد عليه‬

I didn't use to get up early

I never used to eat meat

 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬

Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ would + inf

‫ى‬ ‫ى ى‬
‫الماض و لكنه توقف عنه اإلن‬ ‫معي ف‬‫أعتاد عىل القيام بفعل ر‬

I would get up early when I was young but now I get up late.

‫ معها‬always / usually ‫يمكن ان نضع كلمات‬

‫ مع ى‬would ‫لكن إل نستخدم‬
‫النف او السؤال او افعال الحواس‬

I would always study at night when I was young .

 ‫ى‬
The Past simple ‫الماض البسيط‬

Subject ‫ فاعل‬+ ( am – is – are - get ) + used to + v + ing

‫معتادا عىل فعل ما و إل زال يقوم به‬

Sami is used to playing football

Soha gets used to doing exercises daily

 ‫ى‬
The Past Simple Passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض البسيط‬

Object ‫ مفعول به‬+ ( was / were ) + P.P.

The house was cleaned yesterday

The cars were mended last Friday

‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫السؤال ف المبن للمجهول يكون بنفس الصيغة‬
Was my car washed?

Where were the box found?

Exercises
 There ……… a lot of tourists visiting that
historic place. Now, the number of tourists
is a lot lower.

would be
used to being
will be
used to be
My father ………… go to work by car, but
now he does.

didn’t use to

used to

isn’t used to
is used to
Hatim ………… newspapers; he likes to
get the latest news online instead.

never read
used to read
is used to reading

isn’t used to reading

My friend lived in Australia for many years, but
she ………… always come home for Christmas.

used to
is used to

would

uses to
 Faten: ………… come on time?
Basim: Yes, he was always punctual.

Is Adel used to
Will Adel
Did Adel use to
Does Adel
Sherif ………… by the Nile bank every
morning; it is his favourite habit.

isn’t used to walking

like walking
used to walk
is used to walking
 There ………… as many people living on that isolated
island as we see nowadays; the number of people has
greatly increased.

didn’t use to have

used to be
didn’t use to be

used to have
 Which of the following
structurally correct?

Rami doesn’t use to live in the country during his childhood.

Did you use to play tennis when you are a student?

Leather is used to making shoes

I never used to smoke when I was young.

The Past Perfect
‫ى‬
‫الماض التام‬
 ‫ى‬
‫الماض التام ‪The Past Perfect‬‬

‫‪ + had + P.P.‬فاعل ‪Subject‬‬

‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬

‫الماض التام عند التحدث عن ر ى‬
‫فعلي حدثا ف الماض فيكون الفعل‬ ‫نستخدم‬
‫ماض تام و الفعل ( الحدث ) ى‬
‫الثات ى‬ ‫( الحدث ) اإلول ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‪.‬‬

‫‪I had finished my work before I took a break.‬‬

 ‫ى‬
The Past Perfect passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض التام‬
Object ‫ مفعول به‬+ had been + P.P.
My homework had been finished before I took a break

‫و توجد عدة روابط مع هذه القاعدة‬

After / As soon as Past Perfect Past simple

Because/once ‫ى‬
‫ماض تام‬ ‫ماض بسيط‬‫ى‬

After/once
Past simple Past Perfect
‫ماض بسيط‬‫ى‬ as soon as ‫ى‬
‫ماض تام‬
because
 ‫ى‬
The Past Perfect passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض التام‬

After I had arrived home, I phoned Ali

The government provided the new schools with computer

as soon as it had built them

We weren't hungry because we had already eaten.

 ‫ى‬
The Past Perfect passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض التام‬

It was only when Past Perfect that + Past simple

It wasn’t until ‫ى‬
‫ماض تام‬ ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬

It wasn't until I had painted my room that I bought new furniture.

It was only when Soha had cooked all the food that she
cleaned the house
 Before / By ‫قبل‬ Past simple Past Perfect
By the time ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬ ‫ى‬
‫ماض تام‬
‫ى‬
Past Perfect ‫ماض تام‬
Before/ By Past simple
by the time ‫ماض بسيط‬‫ى‬

Before the teacher explained the new lesson, he had revised

the previous one
Samia had cooked the food by the time she cleaned the house.
‫ لها نفس ى‬before that ‫كلمة‬
after ‫معن و استخدام‬

I studied hard, before that, I had watched a film

‫للتعبيت عن الحدث اإلول و قد نستخدم الروابط‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض التام‬ ‫مالحظة هامة جدا و ىه اننا نستخدم‬
‫ر‬
‫ماض تام و الحاجة الىل حصلت‬‫تبف ى‬‫السابقة او غتها بس المهم ان الحاجة الىل حصلت اإلول ى‬
‫ر‬
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫بعدها تبف ماض بسيط‬

‫‪Although Ali had done all the homework, the teacher punished him‬‬

‫‪Past Simple / or negative‬‬ ‫‪till‬‬ ‫ى‬

‫ماض تام ‪Past perfect‬‬
‫ماض بسيط مثبت او ى‬
‫منف‬ ‫ى‬ ‫‪until‬‬

‫‪Huda didn't sleep until her father had arrived home‬‬

‫‪Huda refused to sleep until her father had arrived‬‬

 ‫ى‬ ‫ى ى‬
‫ او قد تكون الجملة‬couldn't + inf ‫ أو‬didn't + inf ‫الماض مختلفة فقد تكون‬ ‫النف ف‬ ‫صيغ‬
wasn't / weren't + PP ‫النف يكون‬‫ فهنا ى‬passive

Shady couldn't sleep until he had finished all his homework

The homework wasn't completed until Soha had had dinner

 When Past Simple ‫ماض بسيط‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
Past perfect ‫ماض تام‬
When ‫ى‬
Past perfect ‫ماض تام‬ Past Simple ‫ماض بسيط‬ ‫ى‬

‫الزمني عادى لكن الفرق هو ان الفعل الىل حصل اإلول هيكون ى‬

‫ نالحظ ان‬when ‫ماض تام‬ ‫ر ى‬ ‫بعدها‬
past perfect

When Soha had finished her work, she went back home

When Soha went home, she had finished her work.

 ‫‪When‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط ‪Past Simple‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط ‪Past Simple‬‬

‫ر ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫الزمني ى‬
‫ر ى‬
‫حالتي‬ ‫ماض بسيط ‪ past simple‬مع ‪ when‬ف‬ ‫نستخدم‬

‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫الماض ‪habit in the past‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬اذا كانت الجمل ى‬
‫تعت عن عادة ف‬

‫‪When John was five, he visited his grandma every Friday.‬‬

‫ى‬
‫الثات قد حدث اثناء الفعل اإلول الذى امتد ى‬
‫لفتة زمنية طويلة شهور او سنوات‬ ‫اذا كان الفعل‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪When Marina was in primary school, she won a drawing prize‬‬

 When
After
As soon as
Past Simple Past Simple
Once ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬ ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬
Because
Before
By the time

‫ر ى‬
‫الفعلي‬ ‫بي‬ ‫الفعلي معا و إل يوجد فارق ى‬
‫زمن ر ى‬ ‫ر ى‬ ‫الجملتي ى‬
‫ماض بسيط اذا حدثا‬ ‫ر ى‬ ‫نستخدم‬

After Ali had dropped the cup, it broke into pieces.

The girl cried loudly when the doctor gave her an in jection
 After ‫بعد‬ V+ing ‫بدون فاعل‬ ‫ى‬
Past Simple ‫ماض بسيط‬

On ‫ بمجرد ان‬/ ‫بعد‬ V+ing ‫بدون فاعل‬ ‫ى‬

Past Simple ‫ماض بسيط‬

Before ‫قبل‬ V+ing ‫بدون فاعل‬ ‫ى‬

Past perfect ‫ماض تام‬

After going to school, it started to rain

On dropping the cup, it broke into small pieces

Before studying, I had drunk orange juice.

 ‫عادة تستخدم عندما إل يكون هناك فارق ‪ on‬نالحظ الفرق التاىل ان‬
‫ر ى‬
‫الفعلي مثل ان الكوب اتكرس بمجرد سقوطه‬ ‫ى‬
‫زمن ر ى‬
‫بي حدوث‬

‫بعد ‪Having‬‬ ‫ترصيف تالت بدون فاعل ‪P.P‬‬ ‫ى‬

‫ماض بسيط ‪Past Simple‬‬

‫‪Having done the homework, I went for a walk‬‬

 Past Simple
No sooner ‫بعد‬ had + sub ‫فاعل‬+P.P. than ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬
Past Simple
Hardly ‫بعد‬ had + sub ‫فاعل‬+P.P. when ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬
Past Simple
Scarcely ‫بعد‬ had + sub ‫فاعل‬+P.P. when ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬

No sooner had the minister visited our town than he decided to build a bridge there.

Hardly had the minister visited our town when he decided to build a bridge there.

Scarcely had they played the match when they went back home to have rest.
 Past Simple
‫ فاعل‬+ had no sooner +P.P. than ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬
Past Simple
‫ فاعل‬+ had hardly +P.P. when ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬
Past Simple
‫ فاعل‬+ had scarcely + P.P when ‫ى‬
‫ماض بسيط‬

The minister had no sooner visited our town than he decided to build a bridge there.

The minister had hardly visited our town when he decided to build a bridge there.

They had scarcely played the match when they went back home to have rest.
Exercises
After Dickens had left school, he -------- to work
in a factory.

goes
had gone
went
was going
He went home ------------- he had finished his
work.

before
while
as soon as
until
She …………… the city before the school
trip.

has already visited

had already visited
visits
visiting
He didn't go out ---------------he had taken the
money.

after
before
until
as soon as
Scarcely had Mona cooked the food …. she
washed the dishes

that
when
than
then
……….. arriving home, he phoned me

Having
After
Before
As soon as
..............passed the third year exams, he
joined the university.

After
Having
Before
As soon as
The secretary left the office after ..............he
jobs.

finish
had finished
finishing
finished
No sooner ...........graduated than he got a job.

had he
has he
he had
does he
He had no sooner studied ............he watched
TV.

then
when
than
that
After the house ............ painted, we furnished
it.

had
had been
has been
is
President Sadat died in 1981, before that our
army ............ the Suez Canal in 1973.

crossed
had crossed
have crossed
was crossing
......seeing the road accident, the motorists
drove more carefully

On
Without
Despite
Over
We arrived half an hour late. The film ........
half an hour earlier.

began
was beginning
had begun
has begun
‫‪Question Tag‬‬
‫السؤال المذيل‬
 ‫السؤال المذيل ‪Question Tag‬‬
‫ضمت الفاعل‪.‬‬
‫ر‬ ‫يتكون السؤال المذيل من الفعل المساعد أو الناقص ثم‬

‫عىل الكالم السابق ومعناه " أليس كذلك؟"‬

‫يضاف لنهاية الجملة بهدف التأكيد ي‬
‫الجملة المثبتة يضاف لها سؤال مذيل ى‬
‫منف واؤلجابة المتوقعة ىه ‪Yes‬أو ما يساويــها‪.‬‬
‫ي‬

‫الجملة المنفية يضاف لها سؤال مذيل مثبت واؤلجابة المتوقعة ىه ‪No.‬‬

‫ضمت‪.‬‬
‫ر‬ ‫األفعال المنفية إلبد أن تكون دائما مخترصة‪ ،‬كما ان الفاعل إلبد أن يكون‬

‫?‪Ali is watching TV, isn't he‬‬

‫?‪It isn't hot today, is it‬‬
 Question Tag ‫السؤال المذيل‬
.‫حسب الفعل اإلساىس‬do / does / did ‫اذا لم يوجد فعل مساعد او ناقص نستخدم‬

Inf = don't
verb+s/es = doesn't
past = didn't

Ragab came to the party, didn't he?

Soha studies hard, doesn't she?
They study very well, don't they?
 have / has / had + P.P. ‫ناخد بالنا ان اإلفعال‬
‫ى‬
.‫ و نستخدمها هنا ف السؤال المذيل‬helping verbs ‫هنا تكون مساعدة‬

I have played the match, haven't I?

Soha has arrived late, hasn't she?

They had watched The new movie, hadn't they?

 ‫ى‬
‫ ترصيف تات و هنا بتكون افعال‬PP ‫غت‬ ‫تيج من ر‬
‫ ى‬have / has / had ‫لكن ممكن‬
‫اساسية و بنعوض عنها بالتاىل‬

have = don't
Has = doesn't
had = didn't

She has a modern car, doesn't she?

Policemen have a special uniform, don’t they?

Samy had a nice car, didn't he?

 ‫عىل‬ ‫ى‬
‫الن تحتوي ي‬
‫الجملة ي‬
never – rarely – hardly - seldom – neither
Nobody – no one - nothing

:‫تعتت منفية وإلبد أن يكون السؤال المذيل مثبت‬

‫ى‬

He never smokes, does he?

Nothing is ready, is it?

wouldn’t ‫ وبعدها مصدر نستخدم‬I’d ‫إذا جاءت‬

I’d go alone, wouldn’t I?

 ‫إذا جاءت ‪ I’d‬وبعدها ‪P.P‬نستخدم‪hadn’t‬‬

‫?‪I’d sent the letter, hadn’t I‬‬

‫إذا جاءت ‪ 's‬وبعدها ‪P.P‬و الجملة ى‬
‫مبن للمعلوم نستخدم‪hasn’t‬‬

‫?‪Ali's watched TV, hasn't he‬‬

‫إذا جاءت ‪ 's‬وبعدها ‪ing.‬و الجملة ى‬

‫مبن للمعلوم نستخدم ‪isn’t‬‬

‫?‪Ali's watching TV, isn't he‬‬

 ‫حاإلت خاصة ( تحفظ)‬

‫إذا جاءت ‪ I’m‬يكون السؤال المذيل‪aren’t I‬‬

‫?‪I’m a teacher, aren’t I‬‬

‫إذا جاءت ‪ I’m not‬يكون السؤال المذيل ‪am I‬‬

‫?‪I’m not a doctor, am I‬‬

 )‫حاإلت خاصة ( تحفظ‬

wouldn't ‫'يكون السؤال‬d rather ‫إذا جاءت‬

I'd rather have tea, wouldn't I?

hadn't ‫'يكون السؤال‬d better ‫إذا جاءت‬

You'd better leave, hadn't you?

it ‫نستخدم‬This or That ‫إذا كان الفاعل‬

This is my car, isn’t it?

 )‫حاإلت خاصة ( تحفظ‬

they ‫نستخدم‬These or Those ‫إذا كان الفاعل‬

These are mine, aren’t they?

‫ ى‬There ‫إذا كان الفاعل‬
‫يبف كما هو‬

There is a car over there, isn’t there?

it: ‫الضمت‬
‫ر‬ ‫نستخدم‬Everything, Something, Nothing, Anything ‫إذا كان الفاعل‬

Nothing was there, was it?

 )‫حاإلت خاصة ( تحفظ‬
Everyone, everybody - Someone, somebody , No one, no ‫إذا كان الفاعل‬
they ‫الضمت‬
‫ر‬ ‫ نستخدم‬anyone , anybody body –
Everyone has watched the match, haven’t they?
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
:‫ فقط‬will you ‫وف المنفية نستخدم‬will / won't you ‫ف الجملة األمرية المثبتة نستخدم‬

Don’t go out, will you?

Shut the door, will you / won't you?

 )‫حاإلت خاصة ( تحفظ‬

will you - won’t you: ‫يكون السؤال المذيل‬Let us ‫إذا بدأت الجملة ب‬

Let us go swimming, will you / won’t you?

shall we ‫ يكون السؤال المذيل‬Let’s ‫إذا بدأت الجملة ب‬

Let’s go swimming, shall we?

‫ ى‬used to ‫إذا جاءت‬
didn’t ‫بمعن اعتاد أن نستخدم‬

I used to play football, didn’t I?

 )‫حاإلت خاصة ( تحفظ‬

didn’t‫نستخدم‬must have + pp ‫إذا جاءت‬

He must have forgotten, didn't he?

isn't it ‫إذا جاءت الصفة منفردة نستخدم‬

Funny, isn't it?

You will help him if you have a chance, won't you?

Exercises
She's definitely not coming, .......

will she?
isn't she?

is she?
can she?
 It won't hurt .......

does it?

will it?

can it?
did it?
My uncle and my father can drive
cars, …………?

can they
can he

can't they
can they
 We didn't need chemical fertilisers
then................?

do we
had we
did we
were we
We should leave that discussion until another
day................?

don't we
shouldn't we
didn't we
isn't that
It was very interesting,...............?

didn't it
wasn't it
weren't it
doesn't it
 You must go .......

mustn't you?
have you?
had you?
must I?
 It drives you mad, .......

is it?
does it?
doesn't it?
won't it?
 You said you are ill, .......?

would you?
did you?
had you?
didn't you?
They have a shower daily, ………….. ?

haven't they
have they
do they
don't they
The players train hard to be fitter, ………….?

do they
they don't
aren't they
don't they
 Everybody loves him,…………?

don't they
doesn't he
don't they
aren't they
No-one understood that word .......

does he?
did you?
didn't they?
did they?
Everybody has studied well, …………..?

hasn't he
doesn't he
hasn't they
haven't they
It's easier for farmers to spray their crops with
chemicals fertilisers,…………..?

Isn't it
don't they
hasn't ft
doesn't it
You and I are going to the party,.....................?

aren't you
aren't we
aren't I
don't you
 They have hardly studied
English,...............?

aren't they

haven’t they

have they
they aren't
Adjective and
Adverb
‫الصفة و الحال‬
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬
‫تستخدم الصفة لوصف اإلسم‬
We use an adjective to describe ( tells us about) a noun.

‫هناك نوعان من الصفات‬

‫ الصفات العادية‬: ‫اوإل‬

good – bad – tall – fat – dangerous ….

 The adjective ‫الصفة‬
‫ الصفات المشتقة من الفعل او اإلسم‬: ‫ثانيا‬
‫الن ر ى‬
: ‫تمتها عن اإلسم و الفعل والظرف‬ ‫عادة ما تكون الصفة منتهية بأحد المقاطع التالية ى‬
‫ي‬

(Y , ful , less ,en ,able , ible , ive ,ous , ish ,al , ic , ate , ent
,ary, Ory ,ed , ant , ing )

‫ومن األمثلة عىل ذلك‬

( primary ,successful , careless , golden , considerable ,sensitive

,dangerous , selfish , environmental , economic , compassionate )
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

Verb+ ing ‫ او مصدر الفعل او الصفة‬/ ‫ القائم بالفعل‬/ ‫تعت عن اسم الفاعل‬
‫تكون صفة ى‬

I watched an interesting film.) ‫ممتع ( مصدر المتعة‬

The lion is very frightening.) ‫مخيف ( مصدر الخوف‬

Verb + ed ‫يكون صفة بتعىط ى‬

‫معن المفعول به – أى الذى يقع عليه الفعل‬

I was interested yesterday while watching a film.‫مستمتع‬

The young boy was very frightened when he saw the wild dog.‫خائف‬
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

‫هناك نوعان من الصفات‬

very / extremely ‫ يوضع قبلها‬Regular ‫ صفات عادية‬1

very / extremely ‫ إل يوضع قبلها‬Extreme ‫ صفات قوية‬2

absolutely/ completely ‫بل نضع‬
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

‫صفات عادية‬ Very/ ‫صفات قوية‬ absolutely/

Regular Extremely Extreme completely
‫غاضب‬ Angry ‫غاضب جدا‬ furious
‫ىسء‬ Bad ‫ىسء جدا‬ awful
‫كبت‬‫ر‬ big/large ‫ضخم‬ Huge/enormous
‫مرهق‬ Tired ‫مرهق بشدة‬ exhausted
‫خائف‬ Frightened ‫مرعوب‬ terrified
‫سعيد‬ Happy ‫سعيد جدا‬ delighted
‫ى‬
‫متفاجء‬ Surprised ‫ى‬
‫متفاجء جدا‬ amazed
‫بارد‬ Cold ‫متجمد‬ freezing
‫قذر‬ Dirty ‫قذر جدا‬ Filthy
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬
‫صفات عادية‬ Very/ ‫صفات قوية‬ absolutely/
Regular extremely Extreme completely
‫جيد‬ good ‫ممتاز‬ excellent
‫صغت‬
‫ر‬ small ‫صغت جدا‬‫ر‬ tiny
‫جميل‬ pretty ‫خالب‬ gorgeous
‫قبيح‬ ugly ‫قبيح جدا‬ hideous
‫مرعب‬ scary ‫مرعب جدا‬ terrifying
‫ممتع‬ interesting ‫ممتع جدا‬ fascinating
‫كبت سننا‬
‫ر‬ old ‫قديم جدا‬ ancient
‫جوعان‬ hungry ‫يموت جوعا‬ starving
‫ساخن‬ hot ‫يغىل‬ boiling
‫طويل‬ long ‫طويل جدا‬ endless
‫ماهر‬ clever ‫ذىك‬ brilliant
‫غت عادى‬ ‫ر‬ unusual ‫خياىل‬ incredible
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬
‫ى‬
‫أماكن استخدام الصفة ف الجملة‬
‫ى‬
‫وتأت قبله ومثال ذلك‬
‫ ( الصفة دائما توصف اإلسم ي‬Noun ) -‫قبل اإلسم‬- :‫اوإل‬
Before the noun which is described by the adjective

He will face a dangerous problem .

We are going to watch an interesting film .

 The adjective ‫الصفة‬
:‫و نجد هنا عدة مالحظات هامة‬
‫ قبل الصفة ى‬a-an ‫ نضع‬1
‫الن تصف اسم مفرد‬
We use a-an before the adjective which describes a singular noun

a-an ‫ اذا جاء بعد الصفة جمع او إل يعد نحذف‬2

He will face dangerous problems.

We have drunk delicious juice.

 The adjective ‫الصفة‬
‫ى‬
‫أماكن استخدام الصفة ف الجملة‬
‫وىه التالية‬
‫ ( ي‬v. to be ) ‫ بعد‬- :‫ثانيا‬
( be, am , is ,are , was ,were , been, being, been )

It is wonderful .

They are important .

 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

( Adverb): ‫الحال‬
The adverb describes the verb and sometimes the adjective
‫الحال يصف الفعل او احيانا الصفة‬

The adverb: (Adj + ly = adv )

Quick = quickly
dangerous = dangerously
careful = carefully,
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

1 After or before the verb to describe it .‫بعد او قبل الفعل ليصف الفعل‬

The rain fell heavily yesterday.

Sami quickly answered the test.

2 At the end of the sentence ‫ف نهاية الجملة‬

‫ى‬

The teacher entered our class nervously.

 The adjective ‫الصفة‬
‫ى‬
3 Before the P.P ( V3 ). )‫قبل الفعل يف الحالة الثالثة ( الترصيف الثالث للفعل‬
‫ما ر ى‬
PP ‫ و ال‬v.to be ‫بي‬
The house was completely damaged by the earthquake.

Hani is badly talking to his friend

4 Before the adjective .‫قبل الصفة‬

This man is continuously nervous.

 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

Adverb ‫مالحظات هامة خاصة بالحال‬

1 Good – well

Our teacher explained the lesson well

ly ‫ قبل اضافة ال‬i ‫ فاننا نحولها اىل‬y ‫اذا كانت الصفة منتهية ب‬
Happy – happily
easy – easily
 ‫الصفة ‪The adjective‬‬

‫هناك حاإلت خاصة قد تكون الصفة ىه نفس الحال بدون اضافة ‪ly‬‬

‫‪Hard‬‬ ‫جاد‪/‬صعب‪/‬بجد‪/‬بصعوبة‬ ‫‪early‬‬ ‫مبكرا‪/‬بطريقة مبكرة‬

‫ى‬
‫‪late‬‬ ‫متأخر‪/‬ف وقت متأخر‬ ‫‪daily‬‬ ‫يوىم‪/‬يوميا‬
‫‪long‬‬ ‫طويل‪ /‬ى‬
‫لفتة طويلة‬ ‫‪weekly‬‬ ‫اسبوىع‪/‬اسبوعيا‬
‫‪low‬‬ ‫منخفض‪/‬بانخفاض‬ ‫‪monthly‬‬ ‫شهرى‪/‬شهريا‬
‫‪nearby‬‬ ‫مجاور‪/‬بقرب‬ ‫‪yearly‬‬ ‫سنوى‪/‬سنويا‬
‫‪Fast‬‬ ‫شي ــع‪/‬برسعة‬ ‫‪high‬‬ ‫مرتفع‪/‬بارتفاع‬
 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

ly ‫هناك حاإلت خاصة قد تكون الصفة ىه نفس الحال بدون اضافة‬

I watch the daily series ‫مسلسل‬

I watch the series daily

He had a lot of hard work.

He had worked hard.

 The adjective ‫الصفة‬

‫ نستخدم معها‬ly ‫الصفات المنهية ب‬

In a ………….. way

In a friendly way
in a lovely way
Exercises
She looked...........................at the
children.

happy
happily
happiness
happiest
 As there was much time, we
walked.............to school.

slowly
slow
a slow
slowing
 The teachers in my school treat
us............................

friendly
friend
in a friendly way
friends
You need to be...................tall to be a
good basketball player.

terrible
fantastic
extreme
extremely
 The young woman spoke to
us.............

mother
motherly
in a motherly way
motherhood
You can't win team games without working
very......................with the other people on
your team.

hardly
harden
harder
hard
 There was a...................... end to the
film, but I won't tell you what happened!

surprise
surprised
surprisingly
surprising
Mona did..................in her exam. She
was ill that day.

terrible
terribly
terrific
terrifically
Everyone admires her because she plays
the violin very..............

well
good
better
best
The teacher read my essay and checked
everything I had written very.............

carefully
careful
care
carefulness
What a/an ……… film; I couldn’t watch it till
the end. I don’t recommend it to anyone.

terrifying
interesting
terribly
bored
You’re an ……… and punctual worker;
the manager is going to promote you.

actively
activate
action

active
This food tastes ………; you can share the
meal with me.

delicious
deliciously
badly

bad
Gaber is a very active worker; he
……… all the time.
works hard

hardly works
works hardly
a hard worker
 Which of the following is
structurally incorrect?

This soup smells badly.

Hatim is a fast runner.

You should speak politely with others.

What a wonderful book!
The Relative pronouns
‫ضمائر الوصل‬
 The Relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬

‫ عاقل‬Who + verb +…. / ‫فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬

‫◄ىه تحل محل ( ى‬
) ‫تأت بعد) الفاعل العاقل (الجمع – المفرد – المذكر – المؤنث‬
‫ى‬ ‫ ى‬- ‫بمعن ( الذى‬
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
) ...... ‫الالت – هؤإلء‬ – ‫الن – اللذان‬ ‫◄وتات‬

►I met Ali who sits beside me

►Dickens is the writer who wrote Oliver Twist
►The boy who you met with me is my son
 ‫ضمائر الوصل ‪The Relative pronouns‬‬

‫غت عاقل‬
‫‪ +....‬فعل ‪ +‬فاعل ‪+‬او ‪+......‬فعل‪ Which +‬فاعل ر‬
‫ً‬ ‫◄ ى‬
‫غت العاقل وايضا ( جمع ‪ -‬مفرد – مذكر – مؤنث)‬
‫ر‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫تات‬
‫بمعن(الذي– ى‬
‫الن‪-‬اللذان‪)......‬‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫ي‬ ‫وتات‬

‫‪►This is the dog which broke my glasses‬‬

‫‪►The dress which soha bought was very nice‬‬
 The Relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬

‫الىس ر‬
‫الغت عاقل عباره عن جمله كامله سابقه او جزء منها‬ ‫◄وقد يكون ر‬
‫ي‬

►The match I played yesterday which made me tired lasted

for 3 hours
► I Spent a month in London which taught me how to speak
English
 The Relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬

Who ‫ا‬
That →‫بقاعدته‬ ‫تحل محل كل من‬
Which

Who
►I met Soha that
lives beside me
Which
►That's the dog that
broke my glasses.

comma ( , ) ‫ و قبلها‬that ‫◄ لكن إل نستخدم‬

►I met Soha, who lives beside me, in the club.

 ‫فعل ‪ +‬فاعل ‪ verb /‬فعل→‪who‬عاقل‬

‫فعل ‪ +‬فاعل→ ‪Whom‬عاقل‬

‫ى ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر ى‬
‫واإلثني يأت قبلهما عاقل لكن‪who‬بعدها فعل او فاعل و فعل‬
‫ر‬ ‫المعن‬ ‫اإلثني بنفس‬ ‫◄‬

‫‪ Whom‬بعدها فاعل ثم فعل فقط‬

‫‪►I met Soha who lives beside me‬‬

‫‪► I met Soha whom I live beside‬‬

 (n) whose (n.)
‫( ى‬n.)2 ‫بي‬
‫الثات يخص اإلول وىه تحل محل ضمائر الملكيه وتاخذ‬ ‫◄تربط ر ى‬
his, her , my , their , its ‫معناهم‬
‫غت العاقل‬
‫وهنا إليهم العاقل او ر‬
►That is Mona whose father is a doctor
►I read the book whose cover was black
►I met Samy whose car was stolen last week.

Articles ‫وكذلك إلنضع‬ Whose ‫وهنا إل نستخدم الضمائر بعد‬

 The Relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬

‫ مكان حيث‬Where +‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬+.....

‫الفعل يحدث داخل هذا المكان‬
I live in Alex where I was born
Soha went to the school where she learns

where ‫ بدإل من‬in which ‫و هنا يمكن ان نضع‬

I live in Alex in which I was born
Soha went to the school in which she learns
 The Relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬
‫ى‬
‫ ف نهاية الجملة‬in ‫ ثم نضع‬Which ‫و يمكن ان نضع‬

I live in Alex which I was born in

Soha went to the school which she learns in

 ‫ضمائر الوصل ‪The Relative pronouns‬‬

‫فنعتت هذا المكان عبارة عن فاعل وتكون الجمله الىل بعدها‬

‫ى‬ ‫لكن إذا جاء بعد هذاالمكان فعل‬
‫غت عاقل ونستخدم ‪ which‬فقط بال أى‬ ‫نعتته فاعل ر‬‫ىس يحدث داخل هذا المكان و ى‬ ‫إلتعتعن ر ئ‬
‫ى‬
‫ر ئ ى‬
‫حروف جر وهنا قد تكون الجملة الثانيه لوصف لهذا المكان أو ان هذا المكان قد فعل ىس ما ف‬
‫الجملة الثانية‬

‫فعل ‪which +‬مكان‬

‫المكان إل يحدث فيه الفعل‬

‫‪I bought a flat which was in the third floor‬‬

‫الدور الثالث هنا وصف للشقه‬
‫‪I bought a flat where I live with my family.‬‬
 The Relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬

‫ وقت‬/ ‫ زمن‬when ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬+.....

‫الفعل يحدث أثناء هذا الوقت‬
I saw Ali last Sunday when he was playing tennis
Soha travelled last year when she finished her studies

when ‫ مكان‬in/at/on which ‫وهنا يمكن استخدام‬

‫ ساعة‬at which ‫( جمله تحتوى‬at)
‫ يوم‬on which ‫( عىل فعل يحدث‬on)
‫ سنه‬/‫ شهر‬in which ‫( أثناء هذا الوقت‬in)
 when ‫ مكان‬in/at/on whish ‫وهنا يمكن استخدام‬

Ali gets up at 7.30 when he goes to school.

at which he goes to school
which he goes to school at

Mona phoned me last Sunday when she was ill

On which she was ill
which she was ill on

soha travelled last year when she finished studying

in which she finished studying
which she finished studying in
 ‫ضمائر الوصل ‪The Relative pronouns‬‬

‫فنعتت هذا الزمن عبارة عن فاعل وتكون الجمله الىل بعده‬

‫ى‬ ‫لكن إذا جاء بعد الوقت او الزمن فعل‬
‫غت عاقل ونستخدم ‪ which‬فقط بال أى‬ ‫نعتته فاعل ر‬ ‫إلتعتعن ر ئ‬
‫ىس يحدث أثناء هذا الوقت و ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫ر ئ ى‬
‫حروف جر وهنا قد تكون الجملة الثانيه لوصف لهذا الزمن أو ان هذا الزمن قد فعل ىس ما ف الجملة‬
‫الثانية‬

‫فعل ‪ which +‬زمن‪/‬وقت‬

‫‪Huda phoned me last Sunday when she finished her homework‬‬

‫‪on which‬‬

‫‪Huda phoned me last Sunday which was a very hot day.‬‬

 ‫حاإلت حذف‬
‫ اذا جاء بعدهما فاعل‬which / that / whom / who ‫يمكن حذف‬

►I met Ali whom the teacher had punished yesterday.

►I met Ali the teacher had punished yesterday.
►The dress which soha bought was very nice
►The dress soha bought was very nice
‫ اذا جاء بعدهما مضارع مستمر او ى‬that / who ‫يمكن حذف‬
‫ماض‬
‫ كمان‬v.to be ‫مستمر و هنا يتم حذف‬

►The girl who is sitting there is my friend.

►The girl sitting there is my friend.
 ‫حاإلت حذف‬
‫ى‬
‫ اذا جاءت ف الجزء اإلول من الجملة‬who – which ‫يمكن ان نحذف‬
‫أيضا‬v. to be ‫ و هنا يتم حذف‬P.P – v+ing ‫ثم‬v. to be ‫و بعدهما‬

►The books which were written by Naguib Mahfouz are still read till today.

►The books written by Naguib Mahfouz are still read till today.

►The boy who is sitting beside me in the class lives beside me.

►The boy sitting beside me in the class lives beside me.

 ‫ضمت مفعول به‬
‫‪ +....‬فعل ‪ +‬فاعل ‪+‬او ‪+......‬فعل‪ what+‬فعل‪ /‬ر‬

‫ى ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫◄ ى‬
‫تأت ف الجمل اإلستفسارية‬ ‫بمعن ما الذى و احيانا‬ ‫تات‬

‫‪►He told me what he needed yesterday‬‬

‫‪► I don’t know what she ate yesterday‬‬

 ‫يمكن استخدام ‪ which‬فقط اذا جاء حرف جر و عايز كلمة تعود عىل رىسء‬
‫ى‬
‫غت عاقل و عادة يكون حرف الجر تابع لفعل أو صفة ف الجملة الثانية‬
‫ر‬

‫‪►This is the mistake for which I apologized.‬‬

‫‪►This is the mistake which I apologized for.‬‬
‫‪► That is The knife with which I cut food‬‬

‫يمكن استخدام ‪ whom‬فقط اذا جاء حرف جر و عايز كلمة تعود عىل رىسء‬
‫ى‬
‫عاقل و عادة يكون حرف الجر تابع لفعل أو صفة ف الجملة الثانية‬

‫‪► Ali is the person with whom I go to school.‬‬

Exercises
 My sister went to London
University……....she studied History

where
who
when
that
 The person …... does most of the
cooking in our family is my mother.

which
where
when
who
1837 was the year......Victoria became
queen of Britain.

where
which
when
who
Yesterday, I played a long game of tennis with
my brother, ......... made me very tired.

who
which
whom
where
 The nurse,.........responsibility is to look after
young children, has worked at the hospital for
ten years.

when
who
whom
whose
Amy Johnson became very popular with the
British people, ....... called her the Queen of
the Air.

which
who
whom
whose
She is the doctor...............lives next
door.

which
that
whom
whose
 Have you ever been back to the
town..........you were born in?

which
where
when
that
This is the knife..............he cut the
bread.
for which
to which
with which
on which
A compass is something.........to
know the directions.

that we use
which we use it
that we use it
where we use
That's the woman......house was
robbed last week.

which
where
whose
in which
That public garden is the place......we
spent our last weekend.

in which
by which
for which
at which
 ‫‪Amazing people aren’t necessary to be famous or rich‬‬
‫‪people. Truly amazing people are those who provide‬‬
‫‪services to humanity everywhere.‬‬

‫ُ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫لرصوري أن یكونوا رائعون أو أث ِریاء ‪,‬األشخاص الرائعون حقا ھم‬ ‫خاص المشھورون لیس با‬ ‫ُاألش َّ‬
‫ِ ْ َ ِ ْ ر ر ى ُ ِّ َ َ‬ ‫ُ ِّ‬
‫أولئك الذین یقدمون ِخدمات ِللبرسیة ِ يف كل مكان‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫محبوبون ‪,‬األشخاص ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫الرص ّ‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫األشخاص ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫الرائعون حقا ھم‬ ‫وري أن یكونوا رائعون أو‬ ‫ب‬
‫ِْ‬ ‫یس‬ ‫ل‬ ‫یاء‬
‫ُ ِّ ِ‬ ‫األثر‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ْ ر ر ى ُ ِّ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪.‬‬‫ان‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬‫ّ ِي‬‫ة‬ ‫ی‬
‫برس‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ِ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫خ‬‫ِ‬ ‫مون‬ ‫د‬ ‫یق‬ ‫ذین‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لئك‬ ‫أو‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬
‫األشخاص الرائعون ِلیس ِبالرصوري أن یكونوا مشھورین أو أث ِریاء ‪,‬األشخاص الرائعون حقا ھم‬
‫ْ ر ر ى ُ ِّ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ِّ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ُأولئك الذین یقدمون ِخدمات ِللبرسیة ِ يف كل مكان‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وري أن یكونوا مشھورین ‪,‬األشخاص الرائعون حقا ھم أولئك‬ ‫َّاألشخاص الرائعون ِلیس ِبالرص‬
‫ر ر ى ُ ِّ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ً ْ‬ ‫ُ ِّ‬
‫الذین یقدمون أبحاثا خدمة البرسیة ِيف كل مكان‬
 ‫‪It’s known that modern technology is a double-edged sword.‬‬
‫‪Therefore, we should make use of it and avoid its negative sides.‬‬

‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫یجب ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ر ْ‬ ‫ر َ ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ِّ‬ ‫من ْ‬

‫وتجنب‬ ‫اإلستفادة ِمنھا‬ ‫روف رأن التكنولوج َیا التقلیدیة ِسَلح ذو حدی ِن ‪ِ ،‬لذلك‬ ‫المع‬
‫َ ر ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫جوانبھا السلبیة‪.‬‬
‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫یجب ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ر ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ِّ‬ ‫من ْ‬
‫وتجنب‬ ‫اإلستفادة ِمنھا‬ ‫ذو حدی ِن ‪ِ ،‬لذلك‬ ‫روف رأن التكنولوج َیا الحدیثة ِسَلح‬ ‫َ ر ْ‬‫المع‬ ‫ِ‬
‫جوانبھا السلبیة‪.‬‬
‫ر ُّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ذلك َیجب ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ر ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫نولوج َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ِّ‬ ‫من ْ‬
‫اإلستفادة ِمنھا والتخلص‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫حد‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ح‬‫َل‬ ‫س‬‫ِ‬ ‫الحدیثة‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬ ‫التك‬ ‫ر ْ‬‫أن‬ ‫روف‬ ‫المع‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ر‬
‫ِمن الجوانب السلبیة‪.‬‬
‫ُّ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ ر ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ِّ‬ ‫من ْ‬
‫علیھا وتجنب‬ ‫ذو حدی ِن ‪ِ ،‬لذلك ی ِجب اإلعتماد‬ ‫المعروف أن التكنولوج َیا الحدیثة ِسَلح‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ّ َ‬
‫لبیة‪.‬‬
‫وانب س ِ‬ ‫أي ج ِ‬
 ‫‪CPR is an essential procedure for saving someone’s life in an‬‬
‫‪emergency. That is why everyone must learn how to do this‬‬
‫‪vital task.‬‬

‫الطوار ‪ .‬ل َھذا ر‬‫ر‬ ‫َ ى َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ئو ُّ‬

‫الر َ‬ ‫قلن ِّ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫السبب‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ف‬‫ِي‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫اة‬ ‫ی‬‫ح‬ ‫اذ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ن‬
‫َ‬ ‫ؤل‬ ‫تیاری‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اء‬‫جر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ِي‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عاش‬
‫َ‬ ‫اؤلن‬ ‫د‬ ‫یع‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫مھمة الحیویة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫بھ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫م‬ ‫القیا‬ ‫یة‬ ‫یف‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫یم‬ ‫ل‬‫ِ‬ ‫تع‬ ‫یع‬ ‫جم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عىل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬‫ِ‬ ‫ی‬
‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ى َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِّ َ ُّ َ ىَ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ ْ‬
‫وریا ِؤلنَقاذ حیاة المصاب ِ يف حالة الطوار ‪ِ .‬لھذا السبب‬ ‫عاش الصد ِر َي الرئوَي ِإجراء َض ِ‬ ‫َیعد اؤلن َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫مھمة الصعبة‬ ‫ر‬
‫بھذه ال ِ‬ ‫یفیة القیام ِ‬ ‫بیق ك ِ‬ ‫جمیع تط ِ‬ ‫ی ِجب عىل ال ِ‬
‫الطوار ‪ .‬ل َھذا ر‬ ‫َ ى َ َ ر‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِّ َ ُّ َ ىَ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫السبب‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫الة‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ف‬
‫ِي‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫اة‬ ‫ی‬‫ح‬ ‫اذ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن‬‫ؤل‬‫ِ‬ ‫یا‬‫ور‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫اء‬‫جر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ِ ي َ ُّ َ ِ‬‫ئو‬ ‫الر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫قل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عاش‬‫َ‬ ‫اؤلن‬ ‫د‬ ‫یع‬
‫َ‬
‫مھمة الحیویة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫بھ‬‫ِ‬ ‫م‬ ‫القیا‬ ‫یة‬ ‫یف‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫تع‬ ‫یع‬ ‫جم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عىل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ی‬
‫الحرب ‪.‬ل َھذا ر‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ى َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ِّ َ ُّ َ ىَ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫السبب‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫الة‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ف‬‫ِي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ص‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫اة‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ح‬ ‫اذ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ؤل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫یا‬ ‫ور‬
‫َ ِ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫اء‬‫جر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ئو‬ ‫الر‬
‫ِ ي َ ُّ َ ِ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫قل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عاش‬ ‫اؤلن‬ ‫د‬ ‫یع‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫مھمة الصعبة ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫بھ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫القی‬ ‫یة‬ ‫یف‬‫ِ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫تع‬ ‫یع‬ ‫جم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عىل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ی‬
 ‫‪The Ministry of Education aims to develop the‬‬
‫‪educational process using modern strategies. This will‬‬
‫‪create a good citizen who can face different challenges‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ْ‬ ‫ر ْ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫َ‬

‫طوير العملية التعليمية ِباستخدام التكنولوحيا الحديثة‪ ،‬سيخلق‬ ‫هدف ِوزارة التبية والتعليم إىل ت‬ ‫ت َِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ َ ِ َ ِ ِّ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ً ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬
‫واطنا صالحا يم ِكنه مواجهة تحديات مختلفة‪.‬‬ ‫هذا م ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر ْ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫َ‬
‫التامح الفعالة سيخلق هذا‬ ‫طو رير ِّالعملية التعليمية ِباستخدام ى‬ ‫إىل ت ر ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ليم ِ‬ ‫هدف ِوزارة التبية والتع‬
‫ً‬ ‫ت ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬
‫واطنا صالحا يم ِكنه مواجهة ش ىن التحديات‪.‬‬ ‫م ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ر ْ ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫َ‬
‫اإلس ىتاتيجيات الحديثة ي ْم ِكنه‬‫تخدام ْ‬ ‫امج الت ْعليمية ِباس‬ ‫الت‬ ‫ير‬ ‫طو‬
‫ِ ْ ِ َ ى ُ ِّ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫ليم‬ ‫ع‬ ‫والت ْ‬ ‫بية‬ ‫ْ‬
‫الت‬ ‫ارة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫هد‬ ‫ت‬
‫تعل ًما فعار‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ َ ِ َ ِ ِّ َ‬
‫مواجهة تحديات مختلفة ‪ ،‬سيخلق هذا م‬
‫َّ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ْ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ىر‬ ‫َ‬
‫طوير العملية التعليمية ِباستخدام اإلستاتيجيات الحديثة‪،‬‬
‫ُ ِ َ َ َ ىر ر ِّ‬
‫ارة التبية والتعليم ِإىل ت‬
‫ً‬ ‫هد ْف ِوز َ‬ ‫ت ِ‬
‫ً ُْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫واطنا صالحا يم ِكنه مواجهة شن التحديات‪.‬‬ ‫سيخلق هذا م ِ‬
 ‫‪If you want to achieve more success in life, you'll need a lot of‬‬
‫‪determination. So, if you fail at the beginning, never lose hope‬‬
‫‪or give up.‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ى َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُْ ُ َ‬

‫لكث رت ِمن التصميم‪ِ .‬لذا ‪،‬‬ ‫لمزيد ِمن النجاح ِ يف الحياة ‪ ،‬أنت ِ يف حاجة ِإىل ا ِ‬ ‫ت تح ِاول تحقيق ا‬ ‫إذا كن‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ َ َ ِ ُّ‬ ‫َِ َ َ ى‬
‫ِإذا فشلت ِ يف البداية ‪َ ،‬ل تفقد األمل وأطلب نصيحىة اآلخرين‪.‬‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ى َ‬ ‫َ ُْ َ َ‬
‫لكث رت ِمن الص ىت‪ِ .‬لذا ‪ِ ،‬إذا فشلت‬ ‫حقيق بع َض النجاح ً ِ يف الحياة ‪ ،‬فستحتاج ِإىل ا ِ‬ ‫فت ِ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بِ‬‫َ‬ ‫ِإذا كنت ترغ‬
‫ُّ‬
‫ىف البداية ‪َ ،‬ل تفقد األمل أو ت ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ستس ِلم أبدا ‪.‬‬ ‫ِي‬
‫َ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ى َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ى َ‬ ‫َ ُْ َ َ‬
‫لكث رت ِمن الت ْصميم ‪ِ .‬لذا ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ىل‬ ‫إ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ة‬‫اج‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ف‬‫ِي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫اة‬ ‫َ‬
‫الحي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ِْي‬ ‫اح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫َ‬ ‫الن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫يد‬‫لمز‬
‫ِ َ َ ُّ ِ ِ‬‫ا‬ ‫يق‬ ‫حق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫تت ى ِي‬
‫ب‬ ‫رغ‬ ‫ِإ َذا َكن َ‬
‫ً‬
‫ِإذا فشلت ِ يف البداية ‪َ ،‬ل تفقد األمل أو تستس ِلم أبدا‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ى َ‬ ‫َ ُْ َ َ‬
‫المستقبل ‪ ،‬فستحتاج ِإىل ب ْعض الت ْصميم ‪ِ .‬لذا ‪،‬‬ ‫النجاح ِ يف‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫يد‬‫لمز‬
‫ِ َ َ ُّ ِ ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫يق‬ ‫حق‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫رغ‬ ‫ِإ َذا َكنت ت‬
‫ً‬ ‫الحياة ‪َ ،‬ل تفقد األمل أو ت ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ى‬
‫ستس ِلم أبدا ‪.‬‬ ‫ِإذا فشلت ِ يف‬
 ‫ى‬ ً ‫البرسية‬
‫تلعب التنمية ر‬
‫وهذا يمكننا من‬. ‫دورا هاما يف تطوير مهارات اإلنسان وقدراته‬
‫ى‬
.‫الوصول اىل اإلستفادة القصوي من امكانياته يف مختلف المجاإلت‬

Human investment plays an important role in developing human skills and abilities. This
enables us to reach the most benefit from its power in various fields.

Human development plays an important role in developing human skills and abilities. This
enables us to get the most benefit from its capabilities in various fields.

Human development plays an important rule in developing students’ skills and abilities. This
enables us to get the most benefit from its capabilities in various fields

Human development plays an important role in developing human scales and abilities. This
enables us to get the most benefit from its capabilities in a lot of fields.
 ُ َ َ َ ْ ُّ َ ‫ى‬ َ ُ ‫ى‬ ْ ِّ ُ َ
‫ ْكما ی ِجب أن نكون‬، ‫المجتمع‬ ‫م‬‫قد‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫م‬‫اھ‬
َُ ْ َ ْ ‫َ َ ِ ِ ي ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫جابي‬
‫ر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ن‬‫كو‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ب‬‫ج‬ِ ‫ی‬
.‫ي وأن نمت ِنع عن النقد غ رت الم ىتر ِلئلخرین‬ ِّ
‫ضوعی ر ى‬ ْ
‫مو‬

We must be positive and contribute to the welfare of society. Also, we must be

objective and stop criticising people unwarrantedly.
We must be positive and contribute to the progress of society. Also, we must be
subjective and stop criticising people unwarrantedly.

We must be positive and contribute to the progress of society. Also, we must be

objective and stop criticising other people.

We must be positive and contribute to the progress of society. Also, we must be

objective and stop criticising people unwarrantedly.
 ْ َ َ َ َ َ َْ َ ‫ْ َ ُ ُ ْ ْ ى‬ ْ َ َ
‫حیث‬, ‫القلب ِبأسوان ھو مستشف قلب فرید ِمن نو ِعه عىل أحدث ِطراز‬ ِّ ‫مركز‬
َ ‫َ ر ى‬ َ ْ ً ‫ر‬ ْ
.‫اصة ِ يف صعید ِم ْرص ِبكفاءة ع ِالیة‬ ‫یوفر رعایة القلب مجانا ِللفقراء وخ‬ ُ

The Aswan Heart Centre is a unique, state-of-the-art lung hospital. It provides free
health care for the poor, especially in Upper Egypt, with high efficiency.

The Aswan Heart Centre is a unique, state-of-the-art heart hospital. It provides free
heart care for all people, especially in Upper Egypt, with high sufficiency.

The Aswan Heart Centre is a unique, state-of-the-art heart hospital. It provides free
heart care for the poor, especially in Upper Egypt, with high efficiency.

The Aswan Heart Center is a unique, state-of-the-art heart hospital. It provides free
health care for the poor, including Upper Egypt, with high efficiency.
 ْ ‫ر ر‬ ْ َ َ ْ ْ ‫ر‬ ً َ ْ
‫ِعندما ترى حادثا ِا ْتصل ِباؤلسعاف وحاول أن تعمل اؤلسعافات األولیة المطلوبة‬
‫ى‬ ْ َ ُ َ ّ ْ ‫َ ىَ َ ر ى‬ َ ‫َ ى‬
.‫ف ِعقابه‬
‫ائق متھور ِلیل ي‬ِ ‫و ِ يف نفس الوق ِت ال تتدد ِ يف اؤلبالغ عن أي س‬

When you see an accident, call the doctor and try to do the required first aid. At the same
time, do not hesitate to report any reckless driver to be punished.

When you see an accident, call an ambulance and try to give the needful medicine. At the same
time, do not hesitate to report any reckless driver to be punished.

When you see an accident, call the police and try to do the required first aid. At the same
time, do not hesitate to report any reckless driver to be punished.

When you see an accident, call an ambulance and try to do the required first aid. At the same
time, do not hesitate to report any reckless driver to be punished.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint
El-Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab
culture. As well as writing books on society and culture, she also
wrote poems and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al
Ahram. During her life, she helped to improve women's position
in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha was born in 1913. Her father was an
important man and Dr Aisha used to go with him to meetings, at
which she learned to read and write. At a time when many girls
didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged her daughter to
get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started school at the
age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to Cairo
University, where she studied Arabic language and literature.
 She was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the
university staff as a research assistant. In 1942, she was
employed as a government inspector for the teaching of Arabic
literature. Using the name Bint El-Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many
books and articles in which she argued for a more positive role
for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a respected
teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab world.
With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries.
Dr Aisha died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which
had taken up much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture. Dr Aisha Abd El-
Rahman's ……………… is
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life,
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used Bint El Shatel.
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She surname
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El- nickname
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab given name
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up family name
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems
Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life,
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha
wrote for Al-Ahram for
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used ……….
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She half a century
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El- 15 years
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab three decades
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up 55 months
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems
Dr Aisha Abd El-
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life,
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha
Rahman's husband
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used taught at a ……………….
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She nursery
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El- kindergarten
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab school
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up university
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems
Having been encouraged by
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life, her mother to be well
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used
educated, Aisha ……………
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She decided to write books on society
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government helped to improve women's
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El-
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for position
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab went to school when she was
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent five
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up was employed as an Inspector
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems Which one is TRUE about
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life,
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman?
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She She died in her ninth decade.
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government She taught at European
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El-
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for universities.
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a She was a poetess and a
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent playwright.
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up She went with her father to
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today. parties.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life,
In 1939, Dr Aisha ………
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She got married
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El- worked as a research assistant
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a awarded degrees to new
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent graduates
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up graduated from the university
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems The underlined word
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life,
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha 'her' refers to ……….
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She Aisha
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El- Aisha's father
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab Aisha's mother
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up girls
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is known to some people as Bint El-
Shatei, is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture. Which of these words
As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems
and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper, Al Ahram. During her life, can mean 'all the workers
she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society. Dr Aisha
was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr Aisha used in an organization'?
to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At
a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha's mother encouraged
her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started
school at the age of five. Dr Aisha was successful at school and went to
Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She literature
was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as
a research assistant. In 1942, she was employed as a government
inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature. Using the name Bint El-
assistant
Shatel, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for
a more positive role for women in the modern world. Dr Aisha was a
respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab role
world. With her husband, Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent
holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries. Dr Aisha
died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five. Her work, which had taken up
staff
much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.
 Writing skills Problem

The Problem of …………… is one of the most dangerous problems today.

Many countries suffer from it.

There are many reasons for this problem.

There are many ways to solve this problem.

If we work together, we can face that problem.

 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات ضارة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ضارة ‪ /‬مشاكل‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪I see that ............ is one of the most dangerous problems‬‬
‫‪today.‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ى‬
‫انن اري ان ‪ ...........‬يعد احد اخطر المشكالت اإلن‬
‫ي‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات ضارة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ضارة ‪ /‬مشاكل‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪In my point of view, ….....is really serious and harmful‬‬

‫‪nowadays.‬‬

‫خطت وضار هذه اإليام‪.‬‬

‫ر‬ ‫من وجهة نظري ‪ ...............‬هو فعال‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات ضارة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ضارة ‪ /‬مشاكل‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪There is no doubt that ………….... is one of the most dangerous phenomena‬‬
‫‪in our life and has its bad and negative effects nowadays.‬‬

‫ى‬
‫ىه واحدة من أخطر الظواهر يف حياتنا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫مما إلشك فيه أن ‪......................‬‬
‫ى‬
‫وكذلك له اثاره السيئة والسلبية يف وقتنا هذا‪.‬‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات ضارة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ضارة ‪ /‬مشاكل‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪I think ………………... is one of the worst things in our life. It is‬‬
‫‪our duty to face it‬‬
‫ى‬
‫برصاحة القول ‪ ................‬واحدا من أسوأ األشياء يف حياتنا ‪ .‬و من واجبنا‬
‫مواجهته‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات نافعة‬

‫‪Descriptive essay‬‬
‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ايجابية ‪ /‬جيدة‬
‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪We all agree that …………….... is one of the most important‬‬
‫‪things in our life and has it is vital role nowadays .‬‬

‫ى‬
‫نتفق جميعا أن ‪ ...............‬واحد من أهم األشياء يف حياتنا وله دورا حيويا‬
‫هذه اإليام‪.‬‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات نافعة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ايجابية ‪ /‬جيدة‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪We all admit the importance and necessity of …….... in our‬‬
‫‪life.‬‬
‫نافعة‬

‫ى‬ ‫كلنا نقر باهمية ى‬

‫وضورة ‪ ..........................‬يف حياتنا‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات نافعة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ايجابية ‪ /‬جيدة‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪No wonder if we say that …. has )have( its good and positive‬‬
‫‪effects on us.‬‬

‫إل عجب إذا قلنا أن ‪ ............................‬له أثار طيبة وايجابية علينا جميعا‪.‬‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات نافعة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ايجابية ‪ /‬جيدة‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪We all agree that …. is very necessary and plays an important‬‬
‫‪part in our life.‬‬
‫ى‬
‫كلنا نتفق أن ‪ ..........................‬ىضوري جدا ويلعب دورا هاما يف حياتنا ‪.‬‬
 ‫جمل افتتاحية تصلح لموضوعات نافعة‬

‫وتعبتات تصلح مقدمات لموضوعات ايجابية ‪ /‬جيدة‬

‫ر‬ ‫جمل‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫(‪We should put into consideration that ……………… has )have‬‬
‫‪become one of the most important things in everyone's life.‬‬
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫يجب أن نضع يف اإلعتبار ان ‪ ...............‬قد أصبح واحدا من أهم اإلشياء يف‬
‫حياة كل شخص‪.‬‬
 ‫خاتمة للموضوع‬

Finally , it is quite clear that ……. )‫… ( الموضوع‬.. Is really ……)‫ (صفة‬..

In brief, I think that ……….… is really ………………

To sum up , one can say that ……… is really ……………

 The E-mail

From : ‫من ايميل الراسل‬ Alihani@gmail .com

To: ‫ ايميل الرمرسل اليه‬/ ‫اىل‬ Samimagdy@gmail .com
Subject / About / RE : ‫موضوع اإليميل‬
Dear …….,
I'm very happy/sad/sorry …….. to write this email to you hoping that
you are very well. I'd like to write this e-mail to tell you about ……….

I'm waiting for your reply

With best wishes
‫اسم الراسل‬
Edmund was an evil traitor against his
family. Explain giving two points.

Answer
In your opinion, how were Gloucester
and King Lear alike?

Answer
What do you think Edmund, Goneril and
Regan have in common?

Answer
What did Edgar and Cordelia have in
common?

Answer
What did Edmund accuse his father of?

Answer
What reward did Edmund get for plotting
against his father?

Answer
How did Gloucester lose his sight?

Answer
When did Gloucester know that he should have
trusted his son Edgar?

Answer
"When you have nothing, there's nothing left to lose."
What do you think Edgar means by this?

Answer
"I don't need any eyes. When I had eyes, I couldn't see what I
most needed to see."
Why do you think Gloucester says this?

Answer
The Duke of Gloucester was the victim of his
loyalty and trust in his son. Explain.

Answer
Goneril was neither a loving daughter nor a
good wife. Explain.

Answer
 "You and Regan are tigers, not daughters."
Do you think the word 'tigers' really describes the two
sisters? Why?

Answer
 If you were Cordelia, would you go back to
England to defend your father? Why/Why not?

Answer
Why do you think Gloucester wanted to
commit suicide?

Answer
Why do you think Lear went mad?

Answer
How does King Lear feel when he meets
Cordelia?

Answer
"This is a bitter pill to swallow." What
does Edgar mean by this?

Answer
 "If I read about this in a story, I wouldn't
believe it was true. It is so sad." Why do you
think Edgar says this?

Answer
Why do you think Edgar says that King Lear is
talking both 'sense and nonsense'?

Answer
What do Regan and Goneril both want
Edmund to do?

Answer
Why do you think Edmund said, "The wheel has
come full circle"?

Answer
Did you expect Regan and Goneril to
die? Why?

Answer
Who was your favourite character in the
play? Give reasons.

Answer
Who is your least favourite character in
the play? Explain why.

Answer
What message do you think this final part
of the play gives us?

Answer
What is the moral lesson of King
Lear in your opinion?

Answer
How did you feel at the end of the play?
Why?

Answer
 ‫‪Unit 7‬‬
‫)‪Come across (phr.v‬‬ ‫)‪ Independent (adj‬يصادف – يجد بالصدفة‬ ‫مستقل – معتمد عىل نفسه‬
‫ُ‬
‫)‪Determination (n‬‬ ‫)‪ Pick (ed) .. up (phr.v‬إضار ‪ /‬تصميم ‪ /‬عزيمة –‬ ‫يقل ‪ /‬يوصل – يلتقط‬
‫تحديد‬
‫)‪Encouragement (n‬‬ ‫)‪ Pick – up (n‬التشجيع‬ ‫صغتة‬
‫ر‬ ‫شاحنة‬
‫‪Get used to‬‬ ‫)‪ Struggle (n‬يعتاد عىل‬ ‫كفاح – نضال‬
‫)‪Host family (n‬‬ ‫)‪ Struggle (d) (v‬عائلة مضيفة‬ ‫يكافح – يناضل – يثابر‬
‫ى‬
‫‪all in all,‬‬ ‫)‪ imagine(d) (v‬يف المجمل ‪ -‬بصفة عامة‬ ‫يتخيل‬
‫ُ َ ِّ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫)‪believe(d) (v‬‬ ‫)‪ Missed (v‬يؤ ِمن – يصدق‬ ‫يفتقد ‪ -‬يفوته‬
‫‪dear diary‬‬ ‫تنىس‬
‫ي‬ ‫)‪ taste(d) (n‬ذكري عزيزة – ذكري إل‬ ‫يعىط مذاق – يتذوق– مذاق‬
‫ي‬
‫)‪feel - felt(v‬‬ ‫)‪ think - thought (v‬يشعر – يلمس – يتحسس‬ ‫يعتقد – يفكر‬
‫‪forget‬‬ ‫ينىس‬ ‫)‪wish (ed) (v-n‬‬ ‫يتمن – أمنية‬ ‫ى‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
 ‫‪Unit 8‬‬
‫)‪connect(ed) (v‬‬ ‫يربط ‪ -‬يوصل‬ ‫)‪passenger(n‬‬ ‫مسافر ‪ -‬راكب‬
‫)‪expansion(n‬‬ ‫توسع ‪ -‬تمدد‬ ‫‪public transport‬‬ ‫المواصالت العامة‬
‫)‪facilities(n‬‬ ‫تسهیالت‪-‬امتیازات‪-‬‬ ‫)‪public(adj‬‬ ‫عام ‪ -‬ى ي‬
‫شعن‬
‫مرافق‪ -‬مواهب‬
‫ى‬ ‫(‪system(n‬‬ ‫نظام ‪ -‬شبكة‬
‫)‪give up on (phr. v‬‬ ‫يفقد األمل يف ‪ -‬يتوقف‬
‫عن‬ ‫)‪transport(ed) (n-v‬‬ ‫وسائل النقل‪ /‬المواصالت ‪-‬‬
‫)‪go down (phr. v‬‬ ‫ينخفض – يقل ‪ -‬يهبط‬ ‫ينقل‬
‫ى‬
‫‪underground‬‬ ‫جوف ‪ -‬تحت األرض‬
‫ي‬
‫)‪high-tech(adj‬‬ ‫تقنية عالية‬
‫‪the Underground (n‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫متو األنفاق‬
‫)‪network(n‬‬ ‫شبكة‬
 Unit 8

alternative ‫بديل – مختلف‬ issue(n) ‫قضية‬

argument(n) - ‫ جدال‬- ‫حجة‬/‫برهان‬ later (adj – adv) ‫ فيما‬/ ‫ بعد ذلك‬- ‫متأخر عن‬
‫خالف‬ ‫بعد‬
‫ى‬
consider(ed) (v) ‫يفكر يف‬ on / in behalf of ‫ المصلحة‬- ‫بالنيابة عن‬
convenient(adj) ‫ مناسب‬- ‫مالئم‬ respond(ed) (v) ‫يرد – پستجیب‬
‫ التيار‬- ‫ جاري‬/ ‫جاىل‬ ‫ كاف‬- ‫مرض‬‫ى‬
current (adj-n) ‫ي‬ satisfactory (adj) ‫ي‬
earlier (adj) ‫ قبل‬- ‫أبكر من‬ significant (adj) ‫ ملحوظ‬-‫ذومغزى‬-‫مؤثر‬-‫هام‬
earlier (adv) ‫ من قبل‬- )‫قبل (ذلك‬ environmentally ‫صديق للبيئة‬
friendly (adj)
 Unit 9

biodiversity(n) ‫ى ي‬
‫البيولوج‬ ‫ التنوع‬native(adj) ‫محىل‬
‫ي‬
challenging(adj) ‫تحدي‬/ ‫ تنطوي عىل‬preserve(d) (v) ‫يحىم‬
‫ي‬ - ‫يصون‬
conservation(n) ‫ حفظ‬- ‫ حماية البيئة‬rewarding(adj) ‫مجزي‬
ً
exactly(adv) ‫ تماما – بالضبط‬scholarship(n) ‫منحة دراسية‬
expedition(n) ‫ بعثة استكشافية‬slightly(adv) ‫بدرجة طفيفة‬
inhabitant (n) ‫ قاطن‬- ‫ أحد سكان‬species(n) ‫ أنواع‬- ‫نوع‬
native inhabitants(n) ‫ر ى‬
‫المحليي‬ ‫ السكان‬survival (n) ‫ النجاة‬- ‫البقاء‬
 Unit 9

Benefit ( ed) ( n –v) ‫ يستفيد‬/ ‫ فائدة‬Opportunity (n) ‫فرصة‬

Career (n) ‫ الحياة المهنية‬Paid (adj) ‫مدفوع األجر‬
Certain (adj) ‫ ر ى‬/ ‫ محدد‬Pick (ed) up (phr . v)
‫معي‬ ‫يلتقط – يتناول‬
Charity (n) ‫ختي‬
‫ عمل ر‬/ ‫ختية‬
‫ جمعية ر‬Pros (n) ‫رى‬
‫ممتات – مزايا‬
Community (n) ‫ طائفة‬/ ‫ فئه‬/ ‫ مجتمع‬Psychological (adj) ‫نفىس‬
‫ي‬
Conclusion (n) ‫ خالصة‬/ ‫ خاتمة‬Purpose (n) ‫غرض‬
 Unit 10
broadcast - ‫ اذاعة‬/ ‫ يذيع‬journalist(n ‫ى‬
‫صحف‬
‫ي‬
broadcast (v - n) matter(ed) (v) ‫تأثتا‬
‫ يحدث ر‬/ ‫يهم‬
channel(n) ‫ قنال‬/ ‫ قناة‬news channel ‫قناة اخبارية‬
correspondent(n) ‫ مراسل‬newsreader(n ‫قار األخبار‬
‫ى‬
deliberately (adv) ‫ عن قصد‬/ ‫ عمدا‬photographer(n ‫اف‬
‫مصور فوتوغر ي‬
digital nomad(n) ‫رقىم‬
‫ي‬ ‫ رحالة‬Programme (n ‫برنامج‬
editor(n) ‫ رئيس تحرير‬scene(n) ‫مشهد – مكان‬
fact checker(n) ‫ متقىص حقائق‬reporter(n ‫ى‬
‫صحف‬ ‫مراسل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ى‬
Foreign ‫أجنبن‬
‫ر‬ ‫ مراسل‬question(ed) (v / ‫يتشكك يف‬
correspondent ‫يتحقق من مصداقية المكان‬
Headline(n) )‫رئيىس(مانشيست‬
‫ي‬ ‫ عنوان‬search engine ‫محرك بحث‬
interview(ed) (v) ‫ يجري مقابلة‬/ ‫ يحاور‬source (n ‫مصدر‬
investigator(n) ‫محقق‬
 Unit 10
Adult(n) ‫راشد‬/‫شخص بالغ‬ Objects(n) ‫مقنيات‬- ‫أشياء‬
Brilliant(adj) ‫رائع –متألق‬ Overhead(adj) ‫علوي‬
Bury(ied)(v) ‫يدفن‬ Permission(n) ‫ترصيـ ــح‬-‫اذن‬
Cave(n) ‫كهف‬ Pronunciation (n) ‫نطق‬
Costal(adj) ‫ساحىل‬
‫ي‬ Proud(adj) ‫فخور‬
Connector(n) ‫رابط‬ Recent(adj) ‫حديث‬
Council(n) ‫مجلس‬- ‫قنصلية‬ Remains(n) ‫بقايا‬
Create (d)(v) ‫ر ئ‬
‫يخلق‬-‫يوجد‬-‫ينىس‬ Remaekable(adj) ‫بارز‬-‫هام‬
Creation(n) ‫ايجاد‬/‫خلق‬-‫ابداع‬ Report(ed)(n-v) ‫يبلغ‬-‫يكتب تقرير‬-‫تقرير‬
 ‫‪Unit 11‬‬
‫حركة –حدث‬ ‫ى‬
‫تاريج‬
‫)‪action (n‬‬ ‫)‪historical (adj‬‬ ‫ي‬
‫)‪action films (n‬‬ ‫أفالم الحركة (الرصاع)‬ ‫)‪historical films(n‬‬ ‫أفالم تاريخية‬
‫)‪animation(n‬‬ ‫الرسوم المتحركة‬ ‫)‪horror(n‬‬ ‫الرعب‬
‫تحريك – الحيوية‬
‫)‪animated(adj‬‬ ‫ئ‬
‫مىل بالحيوية – متحرك‬ ‫)‪horror films(n‬‬ ‫أفالم الرعب‬
‫األكت مبيعا‬ ‫ى‬
‫)‪bestselling(adj‬‬ ‫)‪hostile (adj‬‬ ‫عدوات‬
‫ي‬
‫)‪comedy(n‬‬ ‫فيلم كوميدي ‪/‬كوميديا‪/‬الفكاهة‬ ‫)‪mate(n‬‬ ‫رفيق ‪ /‬زميل‬
‫باستمرار – بانتظام‬ ‫ئ‬
‫)‪constantly(adv‬‬ ‫)‪musical(n‬‬ ‫غنات‬
‫ي‬ ‫مرسحية ‪ /‬فيلم‬
‫)‪crew(n‬‬ ‫طاقم العمل‬ ‫)‪romantic(adj‬‬ ‫خياىل‬
‫ي‬ ‫رومانىس ‪/‬حالم ‪/‬‬
‫ي‬
‫)‪harness(ed) (v‬‬ ‫يستخدم ‪ /‬يسخر‬ ‫= ‪sci-fi‬‬ ‫العلىم‬
‫ي‬ ‫الخيال‬
‫)‪Science fiction (n‬‬
‫)‪visuals (n‬‬ ‫المؤثرات البرصية‬
 Unit 11

amazing(adj) ‫مذهل‬ hilarious(adj) ‫مضحك جدا‬

annoying(adj) ‫مزعج‬ powerful(adj) ‫قوي‬
awful (adj) ‫شنيع – فظيع‬ stupid(adj) ‫غن‬
‫ىي‬
cheerful ‫مبتهج – بشوش– مبهج‬ upset(adj) ‫متعج‬‫ىى‬
 Unit 12
achievable(adj) ‫ممكن انجازه‬ recipe (n) ‫طىه‬
‫ي‬ ‫وصفة‬
entrepreneur(n) ‫رائد أعمال‬ relevant (adj) ‫مالئم‬
goal /aim (n) ‫هدف‬ relevant (adj) ‫متصل ب ـ‬/ ‫خاص بـ ـ ـ‬
honey(n) ‫عسل‬ ‫متعلق ب‬
honeybee(n) ‫نحلة العسل‬ set a goal )‫يحدد (هدفا‬
measurable (adj ‫قابل للقياس – ملحوظ‬ smart (adj) ‫ذىك – أنيق‬ ‫ي‬
objective(n) ‫هدف‬ Specific(adj) ‫ دقيق – محدد‬/ ‫تفصيىل‬ ‫ي‬
Profit(ed)(n-v) ‫ يستفيد‬- ‫فائدة‬ time-bound (adj) ‫موقوت– له خطة زمنية‬
accessories(n) ‫ملحقات اضافية‬ local(adj ) ‫محىل‬
‫ي‬
come across (phr. v) ‫يصادف‬ minor(adj) ‫ثانوي‬
crawl(ed) (v) ‫يزحف –يحبو‬ outfit(n) )‫طقم(مالبس‬
global(adj) ‫عالىم‬
‫ي‬ range(n) ‫سلسلة‬-‫مجال‬