Final Revision

The Rules of Grammar 2019 By : SM : Nassif

((‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد‬was / ‫ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬were + v + ing) ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدى‬ ( ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬+ d/ed/ ied) ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﻂ‬
 all , at ,between…and + yesterday / last)‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬: ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬ ‫ ﺷﺎذ‬eat-ate/sleep-slept\cut-cut\ put-put/read read/set/hit
 As\while\when\ just as‫…ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬,... ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬/ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ :‫ ( واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت ھﻰ‬didn't + ‫* ﯾﻨﻔﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﺑـ ) اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
‫ﯾﺄﺗﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻼن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻵﯾﻘﻄﻊ أﺣﺪھﻢ اﻷﺧﺮ‬: ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ‬ {Yesterday, last, past, ago, in ‫ ﺳ ﻨﺔ‬, just now, previous,
When ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬,… ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬+  On+ v+ ing  at+ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ earlier, once, from..to...} ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺎدات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
When ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬,… ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ( ‫) ﺣﺪﺛﻮ ﻣﻌﺎ أو ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫{ﻋﺎده اﻧﺘﮭﺖ‬When ‫ﻣﺎض ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬,…‫ﻣﺎض ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ أى ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
While+V+ing ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ couldn't\didn't…..because ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ * used to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬/ didn't use to ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬/did ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬use to‫?ﻣﺼﺪر‬
 During+ ‫ = اﺳﻢ‬While ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ (‫ ﻓﻌﻞ )ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ SM: Nassif ‫ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻻﺣﻆ‬v to be (get)+used to+v+ing/‫ﻋﺎده ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻣﻀﺎرع(اﺳﻢ‬
‫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬V to be+used to ‫\ ﻣﺼﺪر‬How long ago did?=When.?
( ‫ ( ) ھﻮ أﻗﺪم اﻟﺤﺪﺛﯿﻦ‬had + pp ) ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ( have/ has + pp ) : ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬
After/as soon as\when\once ‫ )ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ( ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬..،..‫ﻣﺎض ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ( has/ have +pp‫( )ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ‬already, just , ever,never) ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬
 Having + pp......................،.................................‫ﻣﺎض ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ ﻓﻰ أﺧﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬already ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻰ‬I have seen them already
( ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬didn't/wouldn't ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ )ﻣﺼﺪر‬till\untill ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ (before/١‫ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻔﺔ‬never )(‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال وﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ever) ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
 ‫( ﻣﺠﮭﻮل‬wasn't /weren't +pp) ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬till\until ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ ( since,for ,so far,yet,lately, recently,up till now) ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬
 It wasn't until (only when) ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬that…….. ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ Yet ( ‫(\)اﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﺆال واﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬lately‫ () أﺛﺒﺎت وﻧﻔﻰ‬recently ‫) اﺛﺒﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ‬
 (‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ )اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬because \as (‫ )اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷول‬...... ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬ in the last years ,over the years . this, ‫ أﺛﺮ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬because…)
 Before \ by the time\ when ‫… ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬,…….. ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ Since(2008,May,Friday,oclock,last‫ﻣﺪة‬,yesterday,the age
 After \immediately after (on)\ before +v+ ing (‫)ﺑﺪون ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ of ,‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬, birthday, the last ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬holiday,childhood‫طﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬
 No sooner + had + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ pp…than ………...…‫ﻣﺎض ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬  For (year,month,day,week,the last,hour,ages, over(less)
Scarcely + had + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ pp …..when ………...…‫ﻣﺎض ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ than a year, ,a long time , as long as I can remember )
Hardly + had + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ pp……..when ……….…‫ﻣﺎض ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ Since ( ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬..... ‫ )ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬ ‫( ا‬١‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم )ﻓﻌﻞ‬since..)
 ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬had no sooner + pp …than ……..…….... ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬  It’s ‫ ﻣﺪة‬since ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫……ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
 When ‫( ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬2) …, ‫( ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬1)………..…..‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ Have gone to (been in) ‫ ذھﺐ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﺪ‬Have been to ‫ذھﺐ وﻋﺎد‬
( realized \ told \ didn't see \found \missed )  ‫وﯾﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ‬  Have been in ( ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻰ ) ﻣﻜﺎن‬
‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬before that ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬after that ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ (have/has) +been + v + ing) ‫ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
( had been + v + ing ) ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
(since/ for + still - not - now-all ) ( How long ): ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﺔ ا‬
( before \by the time\ when\ because + all \for \since) ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﻮاس واﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻋﺪد او ﻗﺼﯿﺮة ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬
( How long ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬+ when \ before ‫…ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬.? ) (‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬by+‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ \ ﺳﻨﮫ ﻣﺎﺿﯿﺔ‬in‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم\ﺳﻨﮫ‬since‫ﺳﻨﮫ‬
Ex. Before I arrived, he had been playing for 2 hours. ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﺎن‬
‫ اﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﻮاس واﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻋﺪد او ﻗﺼﯿﺮة ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم ﻓﻘﻂ‬: ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬ (when /after / as soon as /once /by the time/ till/ unti/ while)
‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ان ﯾﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻷﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬feel ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪا‬  ‫ راﺑﻂ‬+ ‫… ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ \ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم‬..‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬/ ‫أﻣﺮ | ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
 ‫ راﺑﻂ‬+ ‫…… ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ \ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬... ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
1 -Will ('ll ) + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ All = the whole .
I will be 56 years. ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻦ‬.‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬-١  All (of) the + ‫ اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ‬Ex All (of) the boys are
‫ وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺪاث ﺑﺪون دﻟﯿﻞ )اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ دﻟﯿﻞ( وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ‬-٢  All (of) the + ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻻﯾﻌﺪ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد‬ All (of) the rice is….
( I hope, expect , promise,one day ,probably , likely ,perhaps,  All ( all day ‫ طﻮل اﻟﻨﮭﺎر‬/ all night /……) ‫طﻮل ﻣﺪة‬
I am sure , I am afraid) Ex I expect that he will win.  Every ( all day ‫ ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم‬/ all night /………) ‫ﺣﺪث ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬
‫ واﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ وﺗﻌﺮف ﺑـ‬.‫ وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ و ﻋﺮض ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬-٣  None of + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ (‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد )ﺟﻤﻊ‬
( please , Ok , Yes , No, I am sorry , which , …this one ) Half .
(promise) ‫( واﻟﻮﻋﺪ‬if\or\otherwise) ‫ وﯾﻌﺮف‬threat ‫ وﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﮭﺪﯾﺪ‬-٤
Ex I will punish you if you do this again.  Half (of) the + ‫ اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ‬Ex Half (of) the boys are
(As soon as-after-till- if–when=once ) ‫ وﻣﻊ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻛﻄﺮف ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬-٥  Half (of) the + ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻻﯾﻌﺪ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد‬Half (of) the rice is….
Ex Half of my friends are from Cairo
‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ \ﺗﺎم راﺑﻂ‬...will ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬ExAfter I finish, I will leave.
She ate half of the cake this morning.
2- am, is, are + going to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬half ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬of ‫ﻻﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
(plan) ‫ واﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬-٢ ( ambition ‫( و)اﻟﻄﻤﻮح‬intend ) ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻨﯿﺔ‬-١ half (a kilometer / a minute / a mile / a litre ) of
‫ واﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬-٤ Watch /Look out! ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ دﻟﯿﻞ‬-٣ Each .
* ‫() دﻟﯿﻞ ( وﺑﻌﺪ‬made up mind ‫ ﯾﻘﺮر‬/want/ decided /decision) ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة اﻟﻲ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ وﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة وﯾﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬
 There is a dark cloud . I think it is going to rain.  Each of ( ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﺜﻨﻰ )اﺛﻨﯿﻦ( \ ﺟﻤﻊ )أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد‬
3 ‫ ( اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬am, is , are + v +ing ) ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻨﺔ‬ Ex - Each of my parents works in a bank.
Each of the students was given a prize.
(arrange-book -not ) ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺤﺪث ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ واﻟﻐﺎﻋﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
(won't /can't ‫…ﻣﺼﺪر‬..because /as ‫) ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ\ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ Every
 He is travlling at 3 o'clock tomorrow. It is arranged. ‫ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أوأﻛﺜﺮ وﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻓﺮد ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
 Every + ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أوأﻛﺜﺮ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد‬
٤ (‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ) ﻟﻢ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻰ ﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬will (may) be + v + ing) Ex Every player wants to win the cup.
( in / from ..to / all / for / at / this time + ‫)ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ I have visited every country in Asia.
In the next 20 years ,we will be queuing to book a trip.  Every (one - part -member ) of ‫ اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد‬
 (Don't ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬at ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬because(as) ‫) ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ )أو( ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ Ex Every one of the students has a bike.

Progress in final revision 1 By SM: Nassif El-Segahy

‫)ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ)أو( ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ )‪ because (as‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ (can't/won't‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪....‬و ‪Both ….and‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم ‪ ) …..because (as ) +‬اﺛﺮ(‪ / is …..‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ (can't‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪  Both of‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪.and‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ Both‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﮭﻮل ‪/ will have been +pp‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ‪ will have + pp‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎم ‪٥‬‬ ‫‪Either / either …or‬‬ ‫اﻣﺎ ‪ .......‬أو‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ either‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻲ أﺣﺪ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﻦ أو اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪'s time,‬ﻣﺪة ‪ , in a‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪ /+‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎدﻣﺔ ‪ (By‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﺎدة ﯾﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اذا ﺟﺎء ﻓﺒﻠﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ او ﺗﺎم ‪...‬ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ \ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم ‪(By the time / when +‬‬
‫‪Ex Either the boys or the father is at home .‬‬
‫‪Ex  I will have finished my studies by 2022.‬‬ ‫‪I don’t like either of them.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪Ex Either of the boys is Either of +‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ )اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻰ ( وﻟﻜﻦ ) ‪ + s‬اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ‪( he, she , it‬‬ ‫‪.....‬وﻻ ‪ Neither … nor .....‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻊ ‪but‬‬ ‫ﻻ ‪.....‬وﻻ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاﻋﯿﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﮫ ﻟﺸﯿﺊ )ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت‪ -‬ﻓﺘﺢ وﻏﻠﻖ‪ -‬ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ (‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم )…‪ (neither … nor‬ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﻦ واﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫‪ -٢‬أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻓﻘﻂ )‪The train leaves at 7:30/ (intend- hope‬‬ ‫‪ Ex Neither of my parents is‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻔﺮد ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ Neither of‬‬
‫‪ He won't leave till she comes .‬‬ ‫‪ -٣.‬وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﺳﻮال ‪ Neither‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ واﺣﺪ وﺗﺄﺗﻰ اول اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫) اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻛﻤﻔﻌﻮل ‪ + v to be + pp + by +‬اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﻛﻔﺎﻋﻞ ( اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬ ‫"رواﺑﻂ اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ‪" Result Clause‬‬
‫)‪ that ……….‬ﺻﻔﺔ \ﺣﺎل ‪1) (.........so‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن‬
‫\ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑ ﺴﯿﻂ ‪ \ was-were‬ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ‪ { am-is ,are‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪V to be‬‬
‫)…‪ that..‬اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد ﯾﻌﺪ ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪2) (such a-an‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌ ﻞ ) ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺘ ﺎم ‪ \ v to have + been‬اﻷزﻣﻨ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺘﻤﺮة ‪v to be + being‬‬ ‫)‪ that‬اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻻﯾﻌﺪ )ﻛﻤﻲ(\ او ﺟﻤﻊ ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪3) such‬‬
‫‪ + have + been )Ex It will have been finished‬ﻧﺎﻗﺺ \ ‪ + be‬اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬
‫‪ ‬أول اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺸﺮط أن ﯾﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﻢ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﺳﺆال ﻛﺎﻷﺗﻰ ‪ such‬و ‪so‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ report–believe -say-think-expect + that‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫‪ So‬‬ ‫‪ that………..‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ +‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪a) It + v to be + pp + that‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫…………… ‪ that‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ +‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪+‬اﺳﻢ ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪ Such‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ + v to be + p p + to‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ )‪b‬‬ ‫)ﻣﻀﺎرع \ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ (‬ ‫‪ so‬‬ ‫‪ that‬اﺳﻢ ‪many / much / few / little +‬‬
‫‪ + v to be + p p + to have + pp‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺎﺿﻰ \ ﺗﺎم (‬ ‫‪ that‬اﺳﻢ ‪ Such a lot of +‬‬
‫‪ It is expected that he will win.  He is expected to win.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﻢ ) ﺑﺪون ‪ / such a ) (that‬ﺻﻔﺔ\ ﺣﺎل ‪ ) (so‬ﺟﺪا ( ‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ )…‪ that‬اﺳﻢ ‪ +‬ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪ (….so +‬‬
‫)‪ + pp‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻏﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‪ +‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )‪ + v to have (get‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ( ‪‬‬ ‫) ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ enough to‬ﺻﻔﺔ( ‪ /‬ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ) اﺳﻢ ‪( enough +‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن‬
‫‪Ex I am having my homework checked by him.‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ enough to‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ( )‪1‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﺔ اﻷﺗﯿﺔ ﻟﻸﻗﻨﺎع‬ ‫اذا اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ )ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ enough for‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ( ‪‬‬
‫) ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ‪ +‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪ + v to have‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ( ‪‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ to‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﯿﺔ ‪2) (too‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن ﻻ‬
‫‪Ex The teacher had us do some extra work today.‬‬ ‫) ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ for‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪ (too‬‬ ‫اذا اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫) ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ + to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ‪ +‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪ + v to get‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ( ‪‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺼﺪر‪ enough to‬ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )ﺣﺴﻨﺔ( ‪ to=not‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﯿﺔ ‪ (too‬‬
‫‪Ex Mother got Shaimaa to tidy her room.‬‬ ‫‪Ex He is not fine enough to come‬‬
‫" اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ وﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ " ‪8 " Direct and indirect" By SM: Nassif‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ told \informed‬ﺗﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ‪said to ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬إﻟﻰ ‪said to‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪asked‬‬ ‫‪  told \ warned‬ﺗﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ‪said‬‬
‫‪said/explained/claimed‬إﻟﻰ ‪said ‬‬ ‫‪said  wanted to know \ wondered\ asked‬‬ ‫‪advised \ asked \ ordered \begged‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﺬف اﻷﻗﻮاس وﻧﺮﺑﻂ ﺑـ ‪that‬‬ ‫وﻧﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﺄداة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻣﺜﻞ ‪what /where...‬‬ ‫وﻧﺮﺑﻂ ب ‪ to‬ﻟﻺﺛﺒﺎت و ‪ not to‬ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻊ‬
‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫‪ If‬او ) ‪whether.. (or‬‬ ‫وإذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ أداة ﻧﺮﺑﻂ ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف ‪do not‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ I  he \ she‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪3-‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﯿﺲ ھﻨﺎك ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﺔ‪ ) 3-‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ / if /whether +‬أداة اﻷﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم ( اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪3‬‬
‫‪ \ I‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ‪We  they/ You‬‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ أداة اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺧﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﻤﺼﺪر أو ‪don’t‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اى ﻣﻀﺎرع ‪ ‬اﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪4-‬‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪4-‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻷﻧﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ not to‬او‪4- to /‬‬
‫‪this ‬‬ ‫‪that‬‬ ‫‪yesterday/ago  the day before/previous day‬‬ ‫‪tonight‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪that night‬‬
‫‪these‬‬ ‫‪those‬‬ ‫‪tomorrow‬‬ ‫‪ the next (following) day‬‬ ‫‪now‬‬ ‫‪then‬‬
‫‪here‬‬ ‫‪there‬‬ ‫) ‪next ( week / year)  the following (week‬‬ ‫‪today‬‬ ‫‪that day‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻷﺗﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ‪ :‬ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ every… , always, sometimes, usually , never , often‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫‪ then , at that moment , at that time , still‬‬ ‫‪was,‬‬ ‫‪were + v + ing‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪ the day before, previous ,earlier, yet, already,since, for‬‬ ‫‪had + pp‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬
‫‪ the following day, the next day, the future, soon‬‬ ‫‪ was,were +v ing‬او ‪ /‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ was , were + going to‬او‪ /‬ﻣﺼﺪر‪would‬‬
‫‪ just now / a moment ago / a short time ago /says / say /‬‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻔﻌﻞ وﻻ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت )اﻟﻈﺮوف( ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮوط اﻷﺗﯿﺔ‪ ) :‬اذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻣﻀﺎرع‬
‫‪tell/ tells/ has just said /ask /asks /want to know /wonder‬‬ ‫او ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻗﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻗﻠﯿﻞ واﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﮫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻣﺎﺿﻰ (‬
‫ﺑﺪون ‪), wondered, inquired , wanted to know‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل(‪ asked‬‬ ‫)اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ( ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ +‬أداه اﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‪) /‬راﺑﻂ( ‪If, whether…or ,‬‬
‫…ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ agreed to +‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪……………………...‬ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ to‬ﺑﺪون ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ) او ( ﻣﺼﺪر‪ + would‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ promised that‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪ ……………………..‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ refused to +‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪ objected to + v + ing………..……..‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪ suggested + v + ing…………………….‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫…‪) for (not) + v +ing‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ apologized (to‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫)ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ (should‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ suggested that‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫)ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫…‪ ……………..‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ threatened to +‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل \‪ recommend + v + ing….‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪ …..‬ﻣﺼﺪر‪ to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ / invited‬ﯾﺮﺷﺪ ‪ instructed‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫… ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ recommend (insist) that‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪ ..................‬ﻣﺼﺪر‪ to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ encouraged‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪...‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ insisted (on + v + ing) /that‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪ ..................‬ﻣﺼﺪر‪ to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ urged‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ او ﻓﻌﻞ‪ /‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ who‬ﻋﺎﻗﻞ )ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ(‬ ‫" اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ‪ " " Deduction‬ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ دﻟﯿﻞ " ‪7 " sure‬‬
‫)ﻻﯾﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ( ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ whom‬ﻋﺎﻗﻞ )ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺟﺮ(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ‪Present‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ‪Past‬‬
‫أو ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ /‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ which‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ) ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن(‬
‫‪ must be‬ﺗﻨﻔﻰ ﺑـ‬ ‫‪ must have + P.P‬ﺗﻨﻔﻰ ﺑـ‬
‫‪novel/story /article/book in which/meeting at which‬‬

‫‪Progress in final revision‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪By SM: Nassif El-Segahy‬‬

 ( ‫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ )ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ أو ﻛﻮﻣﺔ‬-‫\ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬that ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ او ﻓﻌﻞ‬ can’t be can’t have + P.P
all/only/the ٣‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ )ﺻﻔﺔ‬that ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اذاﺟﺎء ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮوﻛﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬whose (‫)اﺳﻢ ﻣﻤﻠﻮك ﺑﺪون ﻧﻜﺮة وﻻ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬who's= who is/has (not sure, possible, perhaps, hope ,likely ) ‫اﻷﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺑﺪون دﻟﯿﻞ‬
(‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن )ﻻﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ‬where ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫( ﻓﻌﻞ‬it ‫)ﯾﺤﺬف ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ و‬ Present ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ Past ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
(‫ زﻣﻦ\وﻗﺖ )ﻻﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺤﺮف ﺟﺮ‬+‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬when (‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫) ﻓﻌﻞ‬ may/might/could ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ may/might/could have +PP
‫ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ )أو( اول اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬What ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬/ ‫او ﻓﻌﻞ‬  ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ‬..but ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬could have+ pp ‫ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺴﺘﻄﻊ أن ﯾﻔﻌﻞ ﻏﯿﺮة‬
* ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬف ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮط اﻷﺗﯿﺔ‬ * ‫اﻟﻠﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
 should (ought to) have + P.P. ‫ ﻟﻠﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ‬
(ing) ‫ واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻧﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻟـ‬pp ‫ وﯾﺒﻘﻰ‬v to be ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﯾﺤﺬف وﻣﻌﺔ‬ Shouldn't (ought not to) have + P.P ‫ ﻟﻠﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ‬
*‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬+ V + ing { avoid ,suggest, practise, enjoy, admit , ‫اﻹﻟﺰام واﻟﻀﺮورة‬
deny ,don't feel like, busy , recommend, It is no use (good)
 must ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ( ‫) إﻟﺰام ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ وأﺗﺒﺎع ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﺎم وﻧﺼﯿﺤﺔ ﻗﻮﯾﺔ‬
, can't stand ‫ﻻﯾﻄﯿﻖ‬, resist ‫ ﯾﻘﺎوم‬, It's worth, consider,Do
( ‫) وﺗﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻟدﻋوات اﻟﺣﺎرة وﺗﻘدﯾم أى ﺷﯾﺊ ﻟﺿﯾف‬
(would) you mind, fancy,imagine, postpone, can't help ‫ﻻﯾﻤﻨﻊ‬
 have (has) to to ‫ﻣﺻدر‬ ( ‫) ﻣﻊ ﻣؤﺛر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ وﻗواﻋد وﻗﺎﻧون ﺧﺎص‬
, finish, quit , object to, look forward to , give up, ,risk, go,
(‫ ﺷﺨﺺ‬spend ‫()ﻣﺪة‬how about/what about ..?),contribute to)  have (has) to = need to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
*‫ أﻓﻌﺎل‬+ to ‫ { ﻣﺼﺪر‬promise, decide, expect, agree, arrange, ‫ﻧﻔﻰ اﻟﻀﺮورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ﻟﻸﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬
hope, need, the last one,plan ,refuse, learn, pretend, want,  needn't ‫ = ﻣﺼﺪر‬don’t(doesn't) need to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
manage, offer,require, threaten,accept,afford,deserve, = don't (doesn't) have to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ( ‫) ﻟﻸﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬
(invite, instruct,teach, tell = ask, allow, advise,remind‫)ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻀﺮورة‬
, (promise,wish,hope ‫ ﺑﺪون ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬to‫) ﻣﺼﺪر‬ allow/advise +v+ing  had to‫ = ﻣﺼﺪر‬need to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ( ‫) اﺿﺮار ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻰ اﻟﻀﺮورة واﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
 recommend,encourage,allow,advise,v+ing/ ‫ ﻣﻐﻌﻮل‬to ‫)ﻣﺼﺪر‬
 needn’t have +p.p ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ وﻛﺎن ﻏﯿﺮ ﺿﺮورى‬
‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬+ to + ‫ اذا ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺪث ﻟﻢ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺪث ﻣﺼﺪر‬ing ‫ أﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻌﺪھﻢ‬- ٢  didn’t have to = didn't need to‫ﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﯿﺊ ﻵﻧﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺿﺮورى )ﻣﺼﺪر‬
{ remember \ forget \ try \ stop \ regret \ go on } ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
I stopped smoking.  Don't forget to take the book.  will have (need) to ‫ اﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﺼﺪر‬ won't have (need)to‫اﻟﻨﻔﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر‬
I regret buying a car I regret to tell you that Ali is ill ( ‫) اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ واﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻢ‬
{ hate \ love \ like \ prefer } ‫ أﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻌﺪھﻢ‬٣  mustn’t ‫ = ﻣﺼﺪر‬can't ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
= It is not allowed / It is banned = forbidden ‫ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬/prohibited /
‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬+ to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬+ V + ing dangerous = risky / it is illegal / " No + v + ing"
'd ‫ﺣﺪث ﺧﺎص أواﻷن أو ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻋـﺎم أوﻋــﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺤﺔ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻓﻘﻂ‬
Ex I 'd prefer to have tea now.  should ‫ = ﻣﺼﺪر‬ought to ‫' = ﻣﺼﺪر‬d better‫)ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ( ﻣﺼﺪر‬
I always prefer having tea to coffee.
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ‬Wish = If only = (If (2 - 3 ) ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘﺪرة‬
‫ ﻓﻰ‬Wish \ If only ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺰﻣﻦ أو ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ‬  ( can ‫ \ ﻣﺼﺪر‬manage to ‫ = ﻣﺼﺪر‬succeed in + v +ing
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿـــــــــــــــــــﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀــــﺎرع أي اﻷن‬  am, is, are + (not) able to ‫ = ﻣﺼﺪر‬have/ has + ability to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
regret + ving = ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗــﺎم‬had + pp ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿــــــــــــﻂ‬  am, is ,are + capable of + v + ing ) / enable ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
I \ we ‫ ﻣﻊ‬could ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ واﻷﻣﻨﯿﺎت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻊ‬would ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫واﻷﺣﻼم اﻟﻤﺴﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
I wish to see him . to ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ wish ‫ﺑﺪون ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬  must be (‫ )ﻣﻀﺎرع‬/ must have + pp (‫)ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ................. ‫أﻛﯿﺪ‬
‫ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﯾﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﻢ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬  can't be (‫ )ﻣﻀﺎرع‬/ can't have + pp (‫)ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ... ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ‬
 I wish I knew where I put my keys  may / might / could + have + pp .......... ‫رﺑﻤﺎ‬
 I wish I could go tomorrow. /He wishes he could go now.  could + have+pp (but) ‫ﻛﻨﺖ أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن أﻓﻌﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ أﻓﻌﻠﺔ‬
 I wish I were there now. ( ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬were) should (ought to ) +have +pp ( ‫ﻛﺎن ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ) ﻟﻮم وﻧﺪم‬
 I wish I had gone yesterday = I wish I could have gone…  should not (ought not to) + have + pp ‫ﻛﺎن ﻻﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬
" If ‫" ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ " If ‫" ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
0) If + ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬,……. ‫) ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﮫ واﻟﻌﺎدات( ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﻂ‬  If = as long as ‫ = طﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬provided (that) = providing ‫ﺑﺸﺮط‬ =
1) If +‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ \ﺗﺎم‬,‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬will,can,may,should,might ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ On condition that = ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ \ ﻟﺮﺑﻤﺎ‬in case ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫)ﺣﺎﻟﮫ اوﻟﻰ( ﻓﻌﻞ‬
If + ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ \ﺗﺎم‬.......,‫( ﻣﺼﺪر‬don't ‫) اﻣﺮ ﺑﺪون ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ( )ﻣﺼﺪر‬  If= imagine = suppose = supposing (that) .…? (‫)ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﮫ‬
If +‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬, Would you mind/Could you please? (‫)طﻠﺐ‬  If ‫ = ﻣﻀﺎرع \ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬Should ‫ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﮫ ( ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺼﺪر‬-‫)ﺣﺎﻟﮫ أوﻟﻰ‬
2) If + ،‫……ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬. , ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬would / could / might+ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬  If ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫= ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬Were ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+to‫)ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﮫ ( ﺻﻔﺔ\ اﺳﻢ \ﻣﺼﺪر‬
3) If ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬...... ,‫ ﻗﺎﻋﻞ‬would/could /might + have + PP )  If ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ had + pp = Had ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ pp ( ‫)ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﮫ‬
 Unless =if …not = except if ) (if) ‫وﯾﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﮫ‬  If ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ = in case of \ by \with + v+ing\ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫وﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﻧﻔﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬  Unless ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ = ﻓﻌﻞ‬with out \ But for+ v+ing\ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﻐ ﺮض‬ { ‫ ﻟﻜ ﻰ‬to\ so as to \ in order to + ‫ﻣ ﺼﺪر‬
‫ وھﻨﺎك ﺷﻮاذ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ly ‫اﻟﺤﺎل ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ أو ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل وﯾﻀﺎف ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺔ‬ }
 ( good – well \ fast \ hard \ late \ high ) (in a friendly way)
 = ‫ ﻟﻜﻰ‬in order that\ so that+ ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬can\ ‫ أو‬could +‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
 (V to be+ ‫ ﺣﺎل‬Pp + ‫( )اﺳﻢ‬He is a well - educated man) ‫وﻣﻊ‬ so ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬that / such ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬+ ‫ اﺳﻢ‬that / too ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬,but =, yet,while, however=.However,... ‫وﺳﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬  allow / cause / force / enable / help ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
 Although\Though\ Even though\even if ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬, ..  let / make / help ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
 However ‫ ﺣﺎل\ﺻﻔﮫ‬+،‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬,  ‫ ﺻﻔﮫ‬/‫ ﺣﺎل‬as + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬,  ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ vto be +made to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
 Whatever ‫اﺳﻢ‬+ ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬,…*Whatever ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬,..(‫)ﻣﮭﻤﺎ‬  Good Luck SM : Nassif El-Segahy El-Marsafy
 In spite of=Despite =With all +V+ ing\ (‫اﺳﻢ ) ﺻﻔﺔ‬,…  Tel : 01151916868
Good Luck SM : Nassif El-Segahy El-Marsafy Tel : 01151916868
Progress in final revision 3 By SM: Nassif El-Segahy
Progress in final revision 4 By SM: Nassif El-Segahy