www.expenglish.

com ١ Omar AL-Hourani

 ‫‪:Intr‬‬
‫‪ntroductio‬‬
‫‪ction‬‬

‫ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺇﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﲝﺴﺐ ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﲝﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫‪.Prese‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪nse‬‬
‫‪esent Tens‬‬
‫‪.Pa‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪ense‬‬
‫‪Past Tens‬‬
‫‪.Futur‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪nse‬‬
‫‪ture Tense‬‬

‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻭﻳﺼﺎﻍ ﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺯﻣ‬
‫‪.Simple‬‬
‫‪Si‬‬ ‫‪eT‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ‪Tense‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫‪.Progr‬‬
‫‪ogressivee (Contin‬‬
‫(‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪Tense‬‬
‫‪tinuous) T‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ‪.Perfect Tense‬‬
‫‪.Perfect‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪Progress‬‬
‫‪essive (Co‬‬
‫‪Continuou‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪ense‬‬
‫‪ous) Tens‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻡ‬

‫‪:Prese‬‬
‫‪esent Tens‬‬
‫‪ense‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪(١‬‬

‫‪:Pres‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻂ ‪imple‬‬

‫‪resent Sim‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ /‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬
‫‪ect‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ"‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻝ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﺭ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫‪ ، It ، She ، H‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪He‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪.s‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ "‪ "s‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﻔﻌ‬
‫‪ ، I ، They ، We ، Yo‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪You‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻑ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜـ‬
‫‪H plays‬‬
‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪ys tennis.‬‬
‫‪is.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺲ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫‪I live in‬‬
‫‪n New‬‬
‫‪N Yor‬‬
‫‪ork City..‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘ‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Sh plays‬‬
‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪ays tennis.‬‬
‫‪is.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‪" .‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺐ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴ‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪Water‬‬ ‫‪boils‬‬
‫‪bo at 10‬‬
‫‪100ْ C.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ"‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪" .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﻐﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟ‬
‫‪Th earth‬‬
‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪rth moves‬‬
‫‪ves around‬‬
‫‪nd the sun.‬‬
‫‪sun‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ"‬
‫ﺸﻤﺲ‪ " .‬ﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺭ‬

‫‪:Present‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪ressive‬‬
‫‪Progres‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫‪am‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Subj‬‬
‫‪ubject‬‬ ‫‪+ is +‬‬ ‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪erb-ing‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Ob‬‬
‫‪bject‬‬
‫‪are‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ng +‬‬
‫‪-ing‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮ‬

‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪.-iing‬‬
‫ﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺿ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻊ ﻷﺧﺬ‬

‫‪ ، It ، She ، H‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪He‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺓ ‪.is‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ، They ، We ، Yo‬ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪You‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺓ ‪.are‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪:I‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺓ ‪.am‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜـ‬

‫‪(H‬‬
‫‪He is/He‬‬
‫‪He's) play‬‬
‫‪laying bask‬‬
‫‪asketball.‬‬
‫‪ll.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺓ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫‪(T‬‬
‫'‪They are/They‬‬
‫‪are‬‬ ‫‪y're) watc‬‬
‫‪atching the‬‬
‫‪th TV..‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‪.‬‬

‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘ‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪(S‬‬
‫‪She is/Sh‬‬
‫‪She's) watching‬‬
‫‪wa‬‬ ‫‪g the TV.‬‬
‫‪V.‬‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‪" .‬ﳛﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫‪(II am/I'm‬‬
‫‪'m) havin‬‬
‫‪ing lunch‬‬
‫‪ch.‬‬ ‫ﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‪" .‬ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻐ‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ"‬
‫ﺃﺳﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﻲ‪" .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﻗ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳ‬
‫ﺷﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺷﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫‪I cannot find a fl‬‬
‫‪flat, so (II am/I'm‬‬
‫‪I'm) living‬‬‫‪ing with m‬‬‫‪my broth‬‬ ‫‪other.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪ will‬ﺃﻭ ‪."bee ggoing to‬‬

‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺐ "ﳝﻜﻦ ﻀ‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫‪(T‬‬
‫‪(They‬‬ ‫‪are/They'r‬‬
‫‪are‬‬ ‫‪y're) trave‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ" ‪ay.‬‬
‫‪aveling on Friday‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪" .‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﺮﻳ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﻳﻮ‬
‫ﻥ‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺑـﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ‬
‫)‪ State (Stative‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﺄﰐ ﺪ‬
‫(‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪rbs‬‬
‫‪ve) Verbs‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ‪like‬‬
‫‪ , love‬ﻞ‬
‫‪ , prefer‬ﳛﺐ ‪lov‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪ , hate‬ﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫‪ , want‬ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ‪hat‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ , wish‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻳﺘﻤﲎ ‪h‬‬
‫‪ , think‬ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ‪eed‬‬
‫‪need‬‬ ‫‪th‬‬ ‫‪ , imagi‬ﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻴﻞ ‪agine‬‬
‫‪ , believ‬ﻳﺘﺨﻴ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ‪ , know‬ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ‪ieve‬‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻑ‬
‫‪rea‬‬
‫‪realize‬‬ ‫‪ , mean‬ﺪﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬ ‫‪ , understa‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ‪an‬‬
‫‪u‬‬ ‫‪ , remem‬ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ‪stand‬‬
‫ﺬﻛﺮ ‪ember‬‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻳﺘﺬﻛ‬
‫‪ , suppose‬ﻳﻨﺴﻰ ‪et‬‬
‫‪forget‬‬ ‫‪sup‬‬ ‫‪ , hope‬ﺽ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻯ ‪ , see‬ﻳﺮﺟﻮﺍ ‪hop‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪ , own‬ﻳﺮ‬
‫‪ , seem‬ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ‪eem‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪be‬‬
‫‪ , appear‬ﻳﻜﻮ‬
‫‪ , sound‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ‪ear‬‬
‫‪so‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺗﹰﺎ‬
‫‪ , belong‬ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻮﺗ‬
‫‪ , co‬ﻳﻼﺀﻡ ‪ng‬‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ‪contain‬‬
‫… ‪ ,‬ﻮﻱ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮﹰﺍ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪He is wanting to buy a new computer.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪He wants to buy a new computer.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ want‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪ State Verbs‬ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺘﱪ ‪ State Verb‬ﻭ ‪ .Action Verb‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ "‪"think‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻴﺎﻥ "ﻳﻔﻜﺮ" ﻭ "ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ" ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ "ﻳﻔﻜﺮ" ﻓﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﱪ ‪ Action Verb‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳـﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪I am thinking.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻓﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪:taste‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﱘ ﺗﻔﻮﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﻣﺜﲑﺓ ﻟﻼﴰﺌﺰﺍﺯ‪This ice cream tastes disgusting. .‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﺬﻭﻕ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺀ ﻟﲑﻯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻠﺢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪He is tasting the soup to see if it needs more salt.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪1) She works here until Monday.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪2) She is working here until Monday.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ )ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ(‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪2) He is seeming very tired.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬

‫‪3) He seems very tired.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ )ﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﹰﺎ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ seem‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪ ،State Verbs‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪3)) Where‬‬
‫‪ere is John‬‬
‫‪hn? He cleans‬‬
‫‪cl‬‬ ‫‪the car..‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪4) Where‬‬
‫‪ere is John‬‬
‫‪hn? He is cleanin‬‬
‫‪ing the car.‬‬
‫‪ca‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ(‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻈﻒ‬
‫ﺻﺢ )ﺃﻳﻦ ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺿﺮ ﺍﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻵﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻞ‬

‫‪4)) Vegeta‬‬
‫‪etarians are‬‬
‫‪ar nott ea‬‬
‫‪eating meat.‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪Vegeta‬‬
‫‪etarians do‬‬
‫‪d nott ea‬‬
‫‪eat meat.‬‬
‫‪at.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﻮﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥﻥ ﺍﻟﻠ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ )‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺲ‬
‫ﻐﺔ ﺍﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘ‬
‫ﺎﺩﺓ‬

‫‪:Present‬‬
‫‪Pr‬‬ ‫‪Perfect‬‬
‫‪Pe‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪has‬‬
‫‪Sub‬‬
‫‪ubject‬‬ ‫‪+ have +‬‬ ‫‪Ver‬‬
‫‪erb.3‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Obje‬‬
‫‪bject‬‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻮﻝ ﺑﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫"‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢﻢ ﳎﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫‪ ، It ، She ، H‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪He‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺓ ‪.has‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫‪ ، I ، They ، We ، Yo‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪You‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺓ ‪.have‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬

‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜـ‬

‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪I've) read‬‬
‫‪ead the bo‬‬
‫‪book.‬‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪(H has/H‬‬
‫‪(He‬‬ ‫‪He's) watched‬‬
‫‪wa‬‬ ‫‪th TV for‬‬
‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪f two‬‬
‫‪o hours.‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺘ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Irregu‬ﺗﺼﺮﻳ‬
‫‪gular Ver‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ‪erbs‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ read‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‬
‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫‪read‬‬ ‫‪d - read - read‬‬
‫ﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ"‬
‫ﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫"ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻝ ﺍﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺴ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪" .‬ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺎﰿ ﺑﻌﺪ"‬
‫‪(He has/He's) broken her leg.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪" .‬ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ"‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) bought a new car.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ‪" .‬ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ"‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺫﻫﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪(She has/She's) gone at home.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪،‬‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ ‪ , for‬ﻣﻨﺬ ‪since‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ"‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‪" .‬ﻣﺎﺯﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺩﺭﺳ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) studied English since I started in a secondary school.‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻫﻮﻧﻎ ﻛﻮﻧﻎ"‬

‫ﺖ ﰲ ﻫﻮﻧﻎ ﻛﻮﻧﻎ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪" .‬ﻣﺎﺯﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺸ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) lived in Hong Kong for twenty years.‬‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‪" .‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻓﺖ"‬
‫‪(He has/He's) worked for Microsoft for two years.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﱃ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺺ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﻨ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳌﺪ‬
‫ﺖ ﻬﺎ‬‫ﲏ ﻋﻋﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻋﻦﻦ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻷﻧﲏ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻑ‬
‫‪I know‬‬‫‪w a lot about‬‬
‫‪abo Chin‬‬ ‫‪hina, beca‬‬
‫‪ecause I have‬‬‫‪ha lived‬‬
‫‪ived in Chi‬‬ ‫‪hina forr 3‬‬
‫‪years.‬‬
‫ﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻷﻥ ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺼﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﱴ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻋﻦ ﲔ‬
‫ﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺪﺍﻡ ‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﲏ ﻟﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ )ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺮ‬

‫‪.havee + just + Verb.3‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪.3‬‬
‫ﺼﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺄ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤ‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻦ‬
‫‪(H has/H‬‬
‫‪(He‬‬ ‫‪He's) won.‬‬
‫‪wo‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫'‪(I have/I‬‬
‫‪/I've) just‬‬
‫‪ust had a delicious‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪ous meal.‬‬
‫‪l.‬‬ ‫ﺬﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻭﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﺬﻳﺬﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻬﻤﹰﺎ(‪ .‬ﻭﻳـﺄﰐ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ )ﺯﻣﻦﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺩ ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺿﻲ ﻭﱂ ﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻉ‬
‫‪be‬‬
‫‪before‬‬ ‫‪ , alread‬ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫‪ , never‬ﺍﻵﻥ ‪ady‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ‪ , ever‬ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫‪ , onc‬ﻤ‬
‫‪ , yet‬ﻣﺮﺓ ‪nce‬‬
‫ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪ye‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ral times‬‬
‫‪several‬‬ ‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ , many‬ﻣﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪ny times‬‬
‫‪ , - times‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﲑﺓ‬
‫‪es‬‬
‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪I've) seen‬‬
‫‪een that m‬‬
‫‪movie twenty‬‬
‫‪tw‬‬ ‫‪times.‬‬
‫‪tim‬‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺫﻟ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪I've) met‬‬
‫‪et him on‬‬
‫‪once befor‬‬
‫‪fore.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪Pe‬‬
‫‪People‬‬ ‫‪have‬‬
‫‪ha trav‬‬
‫‪aveled to tthe moo‬‬
‫‪oon.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻤ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪‬ﺩ ﺯﻣ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺑﻘﺔ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻦ‬
‫'‪(I have/I‬‬
‫‪/I've) been‬‬
‫‪een to Fra‬‬
‫‪rance.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‪" .‬ﲡﺮﺑﺔ"‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫'‪(I have/I‬‬
‫‪/I've) walk‬‬
‫‪alked on‬‬
‫‪n tthe moo‬‬
‫‪oon.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﺮ‪" .‬ﺇﳒﺎﺯ"‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﺸﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﲔ‬
‫‪(I have/I‬‬
‫‪e/I've) bee‬‬
‫‪been to France.‬‬
‫‪Fr‬‬
‫‪(I have/I‬‬
‫‪e/I've) bee‬‬
‫‪been in France‬‬
‫‪Fr‬‬ ‫‪for‬‬
‫‪fo six months.‬‬
‫‪mo‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻥ‬
‫‪ to Fr‬ﲑ‬
‫ﻤﺔ ‪France‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﺯ‬
‫‪ in Fran‬ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ance‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘ‬ ‫‪ (٦‬ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﱂ ﻨﻬﻲ‬
‫‪(JJamess ha‬‬
‫‪has/Jame‬‬
‫‪mes's) not‬‬
‫‪ot finishe‬‬
‫‪hed his homework‬‬
‫‪ho‬‬ ‫‪ork yet.‬‬
‫‪Th rain‬‬
‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪in has nott stopped‬‬
‫‪ped.‬‬ ‫ﻮﻗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﻗ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺒﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻊ‬
‫ﺲ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﻗ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻋﻤﻞ ﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﺪﻝ ﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻝ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ"‬
‫ﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪" .‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻣﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭ‬
‫‪I live‬‬
‫‪l in‬‬ ‫‪n New‬‬
‫‪N Yor‬‬ ‫‪ork City.‬‬
‫‪ty.‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ـﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻘـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻨ‬
‫ﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ ﻻ ﺶ‬
‫ﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪ " .‬ﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺎﰐ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺖ ﻬﺎ‬
‫'‪(I have/I‬‬
‫‪/I've) lived‬‬
‫‪ved in New‬‬ ‫‪ew York‬‬
‫‪rk City.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ"‬
‫ﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪" .‬ﻣﺎﺯﻟﺖ ﺃﻋﻴ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺕ‬‫ﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺃﺭﺑ‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺸ ‪‬‬
‫'‪(I have/I‬‬
‫‪/I've) lived‬‬
‫‪ved in New‬‬ ‫‪ew York‬‬
‫‪rk City for fourr ye‬‬‫‪years.‬‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤ‬
‫‪I work‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪fo that company‬‬
‫‪for‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪any.‬‬
‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪I've) wor‬‬ ‫‪orked for‬‬ ‫‪or that company‬‬
‫‪co‬‬ ‫‪ny since October.‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪r.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺎﻡ( ﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﺣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ﺑﺑﺴﻴﻂ( ﻫﻮ ﻳﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ( ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻝ‬
‫ﻬﺮ )ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‪/‬ﺗﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬

‫‪:Pres‬‬
‫‪resent Per‬‬
‫‪erfect Pro‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪sive‬‬
‫‪rogressiv‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻡ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪has‬‬
‫‪Sub‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪bee‬‬
‫‪een‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb--ing‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Obje‬‬
‫‪bject‬‬
‫‪have‬‬
‫ﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪-ing +‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻢ‬

‫‪"sinc‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﳘﺎ "‪r‬‬

‫"‪ince , for‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻻ ﰐ‬
‫ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬

‫ﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪.-ing‬‬
‫ﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻊ ﺬ‬

‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜـ‬

‫ﻮﺳﻜﻮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ﲣﺮﺟﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺳ‬
‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪I've) been‬‬
‫‪een living‬‬
‫‪ng in Mosc‬‬
‫‪oscow sinc‬‬
‫‪ince I grad‬‬
‫‪raduated..‬‬
‫‪(H has/H‬‬
‫‪(He‬‬ ‫‪/He's) been‬‬
‫‪bee watc‬‬‫‪atching the TV for an hour‬‬
‫‪hou‬‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻮ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨ‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﻓﺘﺮﺓ ـﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻊ ﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺮﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺿﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ ‪ , for‬ﻣﻨﺬ ‪nce‬‬
‫‪since‬‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺖ ﺃﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺯﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳ‬
‫ﺖ ﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻀﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻮﻣﲔ‪" .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻣﻀ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺭﺳﺎ‬
‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪I've) been‬‬ ‫‪een writin‬‬
‫‪ting a lette‬‬
‫‪etter for two‬‬‫‪tw days‬‬ ‫‪ys.‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﻮﻧ‬
‫ﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺮ‬‫ﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺲ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳ‬
‫ﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ(‪" .‬ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ )ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪/‬ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭ‪‬ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ"‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭ‪‬ﺱ ﺎ‬
‫‪(JJamess ha‬‬
‫‪has/Jame‬‬ ‫‪mes's) bee‬‬
‫‪een teach‬‬‫‪ching att the‬‬
‫‪th unive‬‬‫‪iversity si‬‬‫‪since Jun‬‬ ‫‪une.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﺩﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻦ ﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺕ ﰲ ﺳﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪" .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃ‬
‫ﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬﺬ ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ"‬
‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪/I've) been‬‬
‫‪een studyi‬‬
‫‪dying Itali‬‬
‫‪alian since‬‬
‫‪nce I was‬‬
‫‪as tten year‬‬
‫‪ears old.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫‪.lately‬‬
‫‪la‬‬ ‫‪ recently‬ﻭ‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻊ ‪tly‬‬
‫ﺄﰐ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳ ﰐ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺃﺃ ﺣﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﺮﻁ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻦ‬
‫ﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫‪(S has/‬‬
‫‪(She‬‬ ‫‪as/She's)) b‬‬
‫‪been wat‬‬ ‫‪atchingg ttoo much‬‬
‫‪uch televis‬‬
‫‪vision late‬‬ ‫‪ately.‬‬
‫‪R‬‬
‫‪Recently‬‬
‫‪tly, (I have‬‬
‫‪ve/I've)) b‬‬
‫‪been feel‬‬
‫‪eeling tire‬‬
‫‪ired.‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍﹰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪Mary‬‬ ‫‪has been‬‬
‫‪n feeling‬‬
‫‪fe‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪depresse‬‬
‫‪ssed.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ‪" .‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ"‬

‫ﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻂ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ State‬ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔﺔ ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪Ver‬‬
‫‪Sta Verbs‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝﻝ ﺍﺍﳊﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳊﺎ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻀﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ـﺬﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻬـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻦﻦ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺇﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻜﻞ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹰﺍ"‬
‫ﺖ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‪" .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) written the story of my life.‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‪" .‬ﱂ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ"‬

‫‪(I have/I've) been writing the story of my life.‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪" .‬ﱂ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ"‬

‫‪(I have/I've) been reading the book.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹰﺍ"‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪" .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) read the book.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻟـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻓﲑﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺷﻄﲑﺗﻚ‪" .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻛﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ"‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻛﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) eaten your sandwich.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺁﻛﻞ ﺷﻄﲑﺗﻚ‪" .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‬ ‫ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) been eating your sandwich.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻟﻌﺐ ﻓﺎﻷﺳـﺒﻮﻉ ﱂ‬
‫ﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﻣﺎﺯﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‪" .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺪﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ"‬
‫‪(I have/I've) been playing a lot of football this week.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‪" .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ"‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) played a lot of football this week.‬‬
‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻮﺻـﻒ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ"‬ ‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‪" .‬ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺯﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺸ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I have/I've) lived in Cairo for ten years.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‪" .‬ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺯﻟﺖ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺳﺄﻏﺎﺩﺭ"‬
‫‪(I have/I've) been living in Cairo for two days.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،"since , for" :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ ‪:Conversation‬‬
‫?‪A. What are doing now‬‬
‫‪B. I am teaching.‬‬
‫?‪A. When have you been teaching since‬‬
‫‪B. I have been teaching since three hours.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻵﻥ؟‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﱴ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﺱ؟‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺱ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ"‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ "‪."since , for‬‬
‫‪I am playing football for an hour.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪I have been playing football for an hour.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫‪:Past Tense‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ‪:Past Simple‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ"‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫‪I worked in Germany.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪We went to the cinema yesterday.‬‬ ‫ﳓﻦ ﺫﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ went‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ go‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ go‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ‪ Irregular Verbs‬ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪go - went - gone‬‬
‫"ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ"‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪I saw a movie yesterday.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‪" .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ"‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺃﻳ ‪‬‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ,‬ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ , all year‬ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ‪ , from - to , for - , all day‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ ‪yesterday‬‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻀﺖ ‪ , last - , one year ago‬ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪last week‬‬
‫… ‪ ,‬ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪ , at that moment‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ‪that day‬‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ‪ ١٩٩٠‬ﺇﱃ ‪" .١٩٩٥‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ"‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪I worked in Canada from 1990 to 1995.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﺵ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺯﻳﻞ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‪" .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺯﻳﻞ"‬
‫‪He lived in Brazil for two years.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪They sat at the beach all day.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺟﻠﺴﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫‪ (٣‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﲤﺸﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪I finished my work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to‬‬
‫‪swim.‬‬

‫‪ (٤‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ‪" Conditional Clauses‬ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ .‬ﻗـﺎﺭﻥ ﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪" .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﹰﺍ"‬‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛ ‪‬‬
‫‪(He has/He's) broken her leg.‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪" .‬ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻻ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ"‬‫ﻫﻮ ﻛ ‪‬‬
‫‪He broke her leg at four o'clock.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ , all year‬ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ‪ , from - to , for - , all day‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ ‪yesterday‬‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻀﺖ ‪ , last - , one year ago‬ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪last week‬‬
‫… ‪ ,‬ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪ , at that moment‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ‪that day‬‬
‫‪(He has/He's) left last year.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪He left last year.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ )ﻫﻮ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ(‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪(He has/He's) come back yesterday.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪He came back yesterday.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ )ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ "ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹰﺍ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫?‪Have you just had breakfast‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﻮﺭ ﻟﺘﻮﻙ؟ "ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹰﺍ"‬
‫?‪Did you have breakfast this morning‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﻮﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ؟‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪:Past Progressive‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪was‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+ were +‬‬ ‫‪Verb-ing‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪-ing +‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﲨﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،"when , while" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫‪I was watching the TV when she cried.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺮﻕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.‬‬
‫‪I was living in Argentina last year.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻨﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﰒ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ "ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﳚـﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ "‪."when , while‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫ﺕ ﲤﻄﺮ‪" .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﰒ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻫﻄـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻧﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ"‬
‫‪While I was waiting for the bus, it started raining.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻧﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﲤﻄﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪I was waiting for the bus while it started raining.‬‬
‫‪I was waiting for the‬‬
‫‪bus.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫‪It started raining.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﳏﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪I was playing basketball last hour.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬

‫‪ (٣‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﲔ ﳛﺪﺛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻜﻮ‪‬ﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﲨﻠـﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"while‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﺩﺭﺱ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ﻳﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪I was studying while Carlos was making dinner.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪While I was studying, Carlos was making dinner.‬‬
‫‪I was studying.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪Carlos was making dinner.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫‪ (٤‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳛﺪﺙ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳـﺄﰐ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳉﻤـﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﹰﺎ ﻣـﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪.always , constantly‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪S was‬‬
‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪as always coming‬‬
‫‪ng to class‬‬
‫‪ass late.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼ‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻣﺘﺄﺧ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﻳﺘﺬﻣﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺒﻬﻢ ﻷﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﱂ ﻢ‬
‫‪I did‬‬
‫‪d nott like the‬‬
‫‪hem becau‬‬
‫‪cause they‬‬
‫‪ey were constant‬‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪ntly comp‬‬‫‪mplaining‬‬ ‫‪ng.‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﰐ ﻓﻓﻘـﻂ ﰲ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﰐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫‪ State‬ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔﺔ ﺍﳌﺎ‬
‫‪Sta‬‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪Ver‬‬
‫‪Verbs‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝﻝ ﺍﺍﳊﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ ﺿﻲ‬

‫ﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪" :‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪He want‬‬
‫‪anted a car.‬‬
‫‪ca‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ ﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻳ‬

‫ﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬

‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫'‪(II have/I‬‬
‫‪/I've) been‬‬
‫‪een thinki‬‬
‫‪king.‬‬
‫‪I was‬‬
‫‪w thin‬‬
‫‪hinking.‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﻴﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺮ" ﻦ‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻓﻜ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼﳘﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﲟﻌ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻼﳘ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ( ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰﻰ ﻣﻣﺆﺧﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﻦﻦ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
‫ﺿﺮ ﺗﺗﺎﻡ ﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ( ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ) ﺿﻲ‬

‫‪:Pastt Perfect‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subje‬‬
‫‪bject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.3‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Ob‬‬
‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ"‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫‪"a‬‬
‫‪"after‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑـﻂ ﻣﺜـﻞ‪beforee , when" :‬‬
‫‪,b‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ـﻂ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﻴﻨ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﲔ‬
‫ﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻻ ﰐ‬
‫ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﺠ‬
‫ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺎﺿ‬
‫"‪ ،"until‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ "‪til‬‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﲬﺲ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪(He had/He'd) written five letters before she answered him.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﳓﻦ ﺫﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺰﻫﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪We went on a walk after (we had/we'd) finished dinner.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪When the play had finished, the audience left.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ A‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪.B‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ B‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪.Completed Action Before Something in Past‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪The audience left when the play had finished.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﻫﻮ "ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ" ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ "ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ B‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪The‬‬
‫‪audience‬‬
‫‪left.‬‬

‫‪The play‬‬
‫‪finished.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﳏﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪after , before , when , as soon as‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪.١٩٨٨‬‬‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺯﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪(I had/I'd) visited the U.S. once before in 1988.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪) ١٤‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‪/‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ( ﰲ ﻛﺎﺯﻳﻨﻮ ﻻﺱ ﻓﻴﻐﺎﺱ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﺧﺮ ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻔـﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ‪ ١٤٥.٠٠٠‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺒﻪ‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪It was afternoon on 14 January in Las Vegas casino. At one of the‬‬
‫‪tables was Joseph. For three years Joseph had saved every penny. He‬‬
‫‪had rarely gone out and he hadn't spent anything on his house.‬‬
‫…‪Finally, he had sold the house and with 145,000 in his pocket‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ ١٤‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ )ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ (٣‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ‪" Conditional Clauses‬ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪:Past Perfect Progressive‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪been‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb-ing‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪-ing +‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﲨﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺜـﻞ‪"after , before , when" :‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ "‪ ،"until‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﻣﺎﺿـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﳘﺎ‪."since , for" :‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻃﻴﻠﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪(She had/She'd) been talking for half an hour before she stopped.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺪﺭ‪‬ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪He left to China after (he had/he'd) been teaching at the university for‬‬
‫‪more than a year.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ A‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪.B‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ A‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪.B‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﰒ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ B‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.B‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪(She had/She'd) been studying English for two years before she got‬‬
‫‪the job.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ" ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ "ﺳﻨﺘﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﻫﻮ "ﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﺼـﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ B‬ﺃﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪She studies‬‬
‫‪English‬‬

‫‪two years‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫‪She got the‬‬

‫‪job.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﳊﺪﺙ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﹰﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪John was tired because (he had/he'd) been working.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﺪﻝ ﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺪﺙ‬
‫‪"f thre‬‬
‫‪"for‬‬ ‫"‪ "for five days‬ﺃﻭ "‪rs‬‬
‫"‪ree years‬‬ ‫‪da‬‬ ‫ﺮﺓ ﻣﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺎﱐ‬
‫‪ "for‬ﰒ ﺪﺃ‬
‫"‪or two hours‬‬
‫‪hou‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ ﺟﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﱂ ﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫‪(T‬‬
‫'‪They had/They‬‬
‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪ey'd) nott m‬‬‫‪met an‬‬ ‫‪n America‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪ican until‬‬
‫‪til they me‬‬‫‪met John.‬‬ ‫‪n.‬‬
‫ﺪﺓ ﺳﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻃﻮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﻜﻠ‬
‫‪(T‬‬
‫'‪They had/They‬‬
‫‪had‬‬ ‫‪ey'd) been‬‬
‫‪en talking‬‬ ‫‪ing for an hour before‬‬
‫‪be‬‬ ‫‪To‬‬
‫‪Tony arriv‬‬
‫‪rrived.‬‬
‫ﺒـﺪﺃ ـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻗﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒـ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ" ﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ "ﻫﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻝ‬
‫ﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ( ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ( ﻥ‬
‫ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺘ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬
‫ﻣﲑﻛﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥﻥ ﻗﺎﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ ﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﲑﻛ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ "ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ ﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﰒ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ" ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ‬
‫"ﻫﻢ ﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻮ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﳌﺪ‬
‫ﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬

‫ﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻂ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ State‬ﰲ ﺔ‬
‫‪Sta‬‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪Ver‬‬
‫‪Verbs‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝﻝ ﺍﺍﳊﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳌﺎ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪:Futur‬‬
‫‪ture Tense‬‬
‫‪nse‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬

‫‪."when‬‬
‫"‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ "‪n , whilee , beforee , after‬‬
‫ﻠﺔ ﻣﻣﻦ ﲨﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺃﻱ ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻥ‬
‫‪I will see‬‬
‫‪ee a movie‬‬
‫‪vie when I will finish‬‬
‫‪fin my‬‬ ‫‪y homew‬‬
‫‪ework.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪I will see‬‬
‫‪ee a movie‬‬
‫‪vie when I finish my hom‬‬
‫‪omework.‬‬
‫‪rk.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪:will /‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻓﻓﻘﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﲑ ﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ‬
‫ﺎﱄ ﺑﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﻥ‬
‫ﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰﻰ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫‪ -‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‬
‫‪He will‬‬
‫‪ill He'l‬‬‫‪e'll , She‬‬
‫‪he will She'lll , It will‬‬ ‫‪ill It'll‬‬
‫‪You‬‬
‫‪ou will You'll‬‬ ‫‪ll , They‬‬
‫‪ey will They'll‬‬ ‫‪'ll , Wee w‬‬ ‫‪will We'll‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫‪I will‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪I'll‬‬
‫'‪I‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪That‬‬ ‫‪will‬‬
‫‪ill Tha‬‬ ‫‪hat'll , This‬‬
‫‪Th will This'l‬‬ ‫‪is'll‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫‪ w‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ‪will‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣ‬
‫‪.predic‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪diciton‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﻘﺒ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺤﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤ‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻰ‬
‫‪U‬‬
‫‪United‬‬ ‫‪States‬‬
‫‪St‬‬ ‫‪tea will win.‬‬
‫‪team‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻮﺯ‪/‬ﺳﻴﻔﻮﺯ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓﺓ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ inten‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻧﻴﺔ ‪tention‬‬
‫‪ decisio‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻗﺮﺍﺭ ‪ision‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻠﻰ‬
‫‪(II will/I'll‬‬
‫‪ll) leave‬‬
‫‪ve tomorro‬‬
‫‪rrow.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﻏﺎﺩﺭ‪/‬ﺳﺄﻏﺎﺩﺭ( ﻏﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ) ﻑ‬
‫‪(I will/I'll‬‬
‫‪ll) phone‬‬
‫‪ne you tomorrow‬‬
‫‪tom ow.‬‬ ‫ﻏﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﻞ( ﺑﻚ ﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﺗﺼﻞ‪/‬ﺳﺄﺗﺼﻞ‬

‫ﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻓﻘﻂ"‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ‪" .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ ﻝ‬
‫ﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤ‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻰ‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ"‬
‫ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻧﻮ‬
‫ﺎﺗﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪" .‬ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻵ‬
‫ﺭﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪It is eleve‬‬
‫‪even o'cloc‬‬‫‪lock. Norm‬‬
‫‪orma will be in bed‬‬ ‫‪be by no‬‬ ‫‪now.‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺘﺼ‬
‫ﺬﺍ ﺯﺯﻭﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺁﻩ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫‪A that‬‬
‫‪Ah,‬‬ ‫‪at will bee m‬‬
‫‪my husb‬‬
‫‪usband. H‬‬
‫‪He said he‬‬ ‫‪h would‬‬ ‫‪uld phone‬‬ ‫‪ne at this‬‬ ‫‪is time.‬‬
‫‪t‬‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪" .‬ﰲ ﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ present‬ﻭﺧ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪ent habit‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻮ‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻓﻘﻂ"‬
‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ"‪،‬‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪" .‬ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺪﻭﺀ ﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫‪Sh is a good‬‬
‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪girl.‬‬
‫‪girl She will‬‬
‫‪w play‬‬ ‫‪ay quietly‬‬
‫‪tly for hou‬‬‫‪ours.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺱﺑ‬‫‪" Con‬ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫‪onditional‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ‪uses‬‬
‫‪nal Clause‬‬ ‫‪ (٥‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﹰﺎ‪:would /‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ ‪(it‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻀ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻓﻓﻘﻂ‪) :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺜ‬
‫ﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﲑ ﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ‬
‫ﺎﱄ ﺑﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﻥ‬
‫ﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰﻰ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫‪ -‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‬
‫‪He would‬‬
‫‪wo‬‬ ‫‪He'd , She wou‬‬
‫‪ould She'd‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫)ﻧﺎﺩﺭ( ‪uld It'd‬‬
‫‪, It would‬‬
‫‪You‬‬‫‪uw‬‬
‫‪would You'd‬‬ ‫‪'d , They‬‬
‫‪hey would‬‬‫‪ld The‬‬ ‫‪hey'd ,‬‬
‫‪We would‬‬
‫‪wo‬‬ ‫‪We'd , I would‬‬
‫‪ld I'd‬‬

‫ﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺷﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪would‬‬
‫‪wo‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦﻦ ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎ‬
‫‪ wou‬ﺨﺪﻡ‬‫ﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ‪ould‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣ‬
‫‪" .intentio‬ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ‪"will‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺰﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﺪ ‪tion‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻦ‬
‫‪(II would//I'd) stud‬‬
‫‪udy well.‬‬
‫‪ell.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ"‬
‫ﺭﺱ( ﺟﻴﺪﹰﺍ‪" .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﺎﺯﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﺩﺭﺱ‪/‬ﺳﺄﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫‪I will‬‬
‫‪w stud‬‬
‫‪tudy well.‬‬
‫‪ll.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺱ( ﺟﻴﺪﹰﺍ‪" .‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺰﻣﹰﺎ"‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﺩﺭﺱ‪/‬ﺳﺄﺩﺭﺱ‬

‫ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺃﻥ‬

‫‪ wou‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ould + have‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪V.3‬‬
‫‪ha + V.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺎﻟ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻋﺸﺮ"‬
‫ﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﱐ‬‫ﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤ‬
‫‪" .unreal‬ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ‪past‬‬
‫‪al p‬‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ ﺴﻤﻰ‬

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‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺖ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻋﺸ ‪‬‬
‫‪If you had lived in the 19th century, (you would/you'd) not have‬‬
‫‪driven a car.‬‬

‫‪ (٣‬ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻬﺬﺏ ‪ willingness‬ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫?‪What would you drink‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺮﺏ؟ "ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻬﺬﺏ"‬
‫?‪What will you drink‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺮﺏ؟ "ﺃﻗﻞ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﹰﺎ"‬

‫‪ (٤‬ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ‪ refusal‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻙ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻮﺳﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪" .‬ﺭﻓﺾ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ"‬
‫‪Jack would not help you, even if you begged him.‬‬

‫‪ (٥‬ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪ past habit‬ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ "ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﻕ ﺑـﲔ‬
‫‪ used to‬ﻭﺑﲔ ‪ would‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ‪ would‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻏﲑ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺟﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺘـﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳـﻮﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻄﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪Before they get married, Simon would wait Susan every evening‬‬
‫‪after work. Then they would go to the park, and Susan would feed‬‬
‫‪the ducks on the lake.‬‬

‫‪ (٦‬ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪" Future in the Past‬ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ (٧‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ‪" Conditional Clauses‬ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪:bee ggoing to /‬‬

‫‪am‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ubject + is +‬‬
‫‪Sub‬‬ ‫‪going‬‬
‫‪ing to‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪erb.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Obje‬‬
‫‪bject‬‬
‫‪are‬‬
‫ﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺍﻷﻭﻝ"‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫"‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻢ‬

‫‪.near‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪future‬‬
‫‪fut‬‬ ‫ﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪ bee ggoing to‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺄﻓﺘﺢ( ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﻓﺘﺢ‪/‬ﺳ ﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻕ‪ .‬ﺃﻧﺎ )ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺱ ﻕ‬
‫‪Th bell‬‬
‫‪The‬‬ ‫‪ll is‬‬
‫‪i ringin‬‬
‫‪ging. I am‬‬
‫‪m goingg tto open‬‬
‫‪n the‬‬
‫‪t door‬‬ ‫‪oor.‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﲔ‬
‫‪I am going‬‬
‫‪goi to the‬‬
‫‪th cinem‬‬
‫‪ema.‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﺍﻫﺐ ﺇﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺐ‬
‫‪I am going‬‬
‫‪goi to go to the‬‬
‫‪he cinemaa.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺄﺫﻫﺐ( ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﺃﺫﻫﺐ‪/‬ﺳﺄﺫﻫ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ) ﻑ‬
‫ﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻔﻀ‬
‫‪.will‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ill‬‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫‪ be go‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪going to‬‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ .gonna‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ‪ goingg to‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﳝﻜﻦﻦ ﺍﺧ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ‬
‫‪I am gonna‬‬
‫‪gon goo to‬‬
‫‪t the ci‬‬
‫‪cinema..‬‬ ‫ﱃ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﺫ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻑ‬

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‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ‪:Future Simple‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪will‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ"‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬

‫‪(I will/I'll) go to the school tomorrow.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﻮﻑ )ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‪/‬ﺳﺄﺫﻫﺐ( ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻏﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪John will be here.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪/‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ( ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﱂ ﳔﺘﺼﺮ ‪ John will‬ﺇﱃ ‪ John 'll‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ "ﺟﻮﻥ ‪ "John‬ﻟـﻴﺲ ﺿـﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪(He will/He'll) talk to you.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻚ‪/‬ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻤﻚ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪:Future Progressive‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪will be‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb-ing‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪-ing +‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﲨﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،"when , while" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜـ‬
‫‪(T‬‬
‫'‪They will/They‬‬
‫‪wil‬‬ ‫‪ey'll) be waiting.‬‬
‫‪wa g.‬‬ ‫ﻈﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﻧﻮﻥ( ﻣﻨﺘ ﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‪/‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻢ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫‪(H‬‬
‫‪He will/H‬‬
‫‪He'll) be sleepin‬‬
‫‪ping.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪/‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ( ﻧﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ )ﺳﻮﻑ ﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻮ‬

‫ﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺐ‬

‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬
‫ﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ "ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻘﻄﻌ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺠ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘ‬
‫‪."when‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ "‪e‬‬
‫"‪"w n , while‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ(‬
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‪/‬ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﻛ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ) ﻑ‬
‫‪(II will/I'll‬‬
‫‪I'll) be waiting‬‬
‫‪wa‬‬ ‫‪for you when‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬
‫‪he bus arrives.‬‬
‫‪arr‬‬
‫‪I will be waiting fo‬‬
‫‪for you.‬‬

‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿ‬ ‫‪The‬‬
‫‪he bus arrive‬‬
‫‪ives.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﳏﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ‬
‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ(‬
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‪/‬ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﻛ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ) ﻑ‬
‫‪(I will/I'll‬‬
‫‪I'll) be waiting‬‬
‫‪wa‬‬ ‫‪for you at 9 o'cloc‬‬
‫‪lock.‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﰐ ﻓﻓﻘـﻂ ﰲ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﰐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫‪ State‬ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪Ver‬‬
‫‪Verbs‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝﻝ ﺍﺍﳊﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ‪:Future Perfect‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪will have‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.3‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ"‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﲨﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺜـﻞ "‪"after , before , when‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ "‪ ،"by -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪The Post Office will have returned the package before I can take.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﻤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﱵ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ A‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪.B‬‬

‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ B‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳـﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪.Completed Action Before Something in Future‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪(She will/She'll) have cleaned the house after he gets it.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪After he gets house, (she will/she'll) have cleaned it.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫‪Sh‬‬
‫‪She will‬‬
‫‪h‬‬
‫‪have‬‬
‫‪cle‬‬
‫‪cleaned‬‬
‫‪the‬‬
‫‪he house‬‬
‫‪He will‬‬
‫‪ill get‬‬
‫‪the hou‬‬
‫‪ouse.‬‬

‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﳏﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺤﺪ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤ‬
‫‪(II will/I'll‬‬
‫‪I'll) havee slept att 8 o'cloc‬‬
‫‪lock.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﻗﺪ ﳕ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫و‪ $%‬ا ‪"#‬م‬ ‫‪I will‬‬

‫‪ill be‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫'‪8 o‬‬
‫‪o'clock.‬‬
‫‪sleepin‬‬
‫‪ping.‬‬

‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻋﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ" ﺐ‬
‫ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﺧﻼ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "‪ "by--‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﺟ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻏﺪﹰﺍ‪،‬‬
‫‪By this‬‬
‫‪is time‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪tomorrow‬‬
‫‪tom ow, (we wi‬‬
‫)‪will/we'll‬‬
‫‪'ll) have ha‬‬‫‪had thee m‬‬ ‫‪meeting.‬‬
‫‪ng.‬‬

‫‪:Future‬‬
‫‪Fut‬‬ ‫‪Perfect‬‬
‫‪Per‬‬ ‫‪Pro‬‬ ‫ﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪sive‬‬
‫‪Progressiv‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Sub‬‬
‫‪ubject +‬‬ ‫‪will‬‬
‫‪ill have been‬‬
‫‪bee‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪rb-ing‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Obje‬‬
‫‪bject‬‬
‫ﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪-ing +‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻢ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﲨﻠﺘﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ "‪"after , before , when‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ "‪ ،"by -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳـﺔ ﳘـﺎ‬
‫"‪."since , for‬‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪I will have been working for two hours when her plane arrives.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ A‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪.B‬‬

‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﰒ ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ B‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳـﻴﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪.B‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﹸﺃﻏﻠﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪She is going to have been working at that company for three years‬‬
‫‪when it finally closes.‬‬
‫ﺖ" ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ "ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ"‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﻫﻮ "ﻫﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ A‬ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ B‬ﺃﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪They will have been talking for an hour by the time Tony arrives.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺗﻮﱐ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻣﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﳊﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍ ﺕ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺳﺘﻜ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ ﺝ‬
‫‪G‬‬
‫‪George's‬‬
‫‪e's English‬‬
‫‪ish will be perfect‬‬‫‪ect when‬‬‫‪n he leave‬‬ ‫‪ves becau‬‬ ‫‪ause he will‬‬
‫‪wi have‬‬ ‫‪ve‬‬
‫‪be stud‬‬
‫‪been‬‬ ‫‪tudying English‬‬
‫‪En‬‬ ‫‪in the United‬‬
‫‪Un‬‬ ‫‪States‬‬
‫‪Sta for‬‬ ‫‪or two yea‬‬‫‪years.‬‬

‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻂ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤ‬
‫‪ State‬ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫‪St‬‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ‪Ver‬‬
‫‪Verbs‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝﻝ ﺍﺍﳊﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‬

‫ﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰﻰ ﻋﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﻞ‬
‫‪ "for‬ﺃﻭ ‪"f‬‬
‫‪"for‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜـﻞ "‪ve days‬‬
‫‪"f five‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻞ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺳﻴ ﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ ﻰ‬
‫ﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ـﲔ‬
‫ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺎﱐ‬
‫‪ "for‬ﰒ ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫"‪"fo twoo hours‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫"‪ threee years‬ﺃﻭﻭ‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺮﻓﱵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ ﲬﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫‪I will‬‬
‫‪w hav‬‬ ‫‪ave read five pag‬‬‫‪ages when‬‬ ‫‪en my roommate‬‬
‫‪roo‬‬ ‫‪ate return‬‬ ‫‪rns.‬‬
‫ﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻳ‬
‫ﺕ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫‪I will‬‬
‫‪w hav‬‬ ‫‪ave been‬‬
‫‪n reading‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪ng for an‬‬ ‫‪n hour‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪when‬‬
‫‪wh myy roomm‬‬ ‫‪mate retu‬‬‫‪eturns.‬‬
‫ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ"‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﲬـﺲ ﺻ‬
‫ﺕ ﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ "ﺳﺄﻛ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ( ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ﲬﺲ ﺻﻔﺤ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺳﻴ ﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ" ﻴ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻗﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ( ﻷﻥ ﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﱵ" ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ "ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﰒ ﺳﻴ ﺪﺃ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺮﻓﱵ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞﻞ ﺍﳌﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘ‬
‫ﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻣﻄ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫‪I will bee rreading‬‬
‫‪ng when‬‬
‫‪nm‬‬‫‪my room‬‬
‫‪ommatee returns.‬‬
‫‪re‬‬
‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪penglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‪.‬‬
‫‪I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫‪:Future in the Past‬‬ ‫' ا‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪" :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺳﺄﺷﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ" ‪" ،‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺳﺄﺳﺎﻓﺮ" ‪ ... ،‬ﺇﱁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺻﻴﻎ ﻫﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪would‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫‪was‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪were‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪going to‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫‪was‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+ were‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪to‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫‪I was going to buy a car.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺳﺄﺷﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪They would go to the cinema.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪He was to become a president.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫‪They will go to the cinema‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬

‫‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺷﻚ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺙ‪.‬‬

‫‪I would buy a car.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺳﺄﺷﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪" .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﲏ ﱂ ﺃﺷﺘﺮﻱ"‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪I was going to buy a car.‬‬
‫‪I was to buy a car.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:

1) George hurt his head while he ……

A. ice skates.
B. ice skated.
C. was ice skating.
D. had ice skated.

2) Max …… for the CIA since 1992.

A. will work
B. is working
C. works
D. has been working

3) The last time I …… to Korea, I spent three weeks on Cheju Island.

A. went
B. was going
C. have gone
D. will go

4) Bob …… to Australia thirteen times.

A. goes
B. went
C. has been
D. had gone

5) Before Jack arrived, Jill …… up the hill.

A. is already going
B. has already gone
C. had already gone
D. None of all above.

6) It …… every day since I arrived here.

A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. has rained

7) The fans …… when the game finally started.

A. will cheer
B. cheer
C. cheered
D. have cheered

www.expenglish.com ٣٥ Omar AL-Hourani

8) By the time Sam pays off his student loan, he …… eighty years old.
A. will be
B. is
C. was
D. has been
E. had been

9) By the time Bob gets back from the war, his daughter …… from school.
A. will graduate
B. graduates
C. will have graduated
D. graduated
E. has already graduated

10) Every time we …… to that restaurant, my stomach gets upset.

A. will go
B. go
C. went
D. have gone

11) The weatherman says ……

A. it would rain.
B. it will rain.
C. it will have rained.
D. it have rained.

12) Andrew …… the course on JavaScript programming.

A. had already taken
B. has already taken
C. took already
D. would have already taken
E. has been taking

13) Bill was just going to bed when his wife …… from work.
A. is going
B. is coming home
C. had come home
D. has been coming home
E. came home

14) I should …… my books to school yesterday.

A. brought
B. had brought
C. to bring
D. have brought
E. None of all above.

15) Harrison Ford is a famous actor. He …… in many popular movies.

A. has been appearing
B. has appeared
C. had appeared
D. appeared

www.expenglish.com ٣٦ Omar AL-Hourani

16) I …… about you when I received your email.
A. was just thinking
B. just thought
C. have just been thinking
D. was just thought

17) I …… better start saving some money each month for my retirement.
A. have
B. would
C. had
D. will

18) My mother …… school for thirty years.

A. has taught
B. taught
C. had taught
D. was teaching

19) I …… that Jack is very fluent in Spanish.

A. will have heard
B. was hearing
C. have heard
D. am hearing

20) The bus was late. The passengers were angry because they …… for half an hour.
A. are waiting
B. were waiting
C. have been waiting
D. had been waiting
E. have waited

21) The soccer team …… a championship until last year, when they won first place.
A. has never won
B. is never wining
C. had been never wining
D. had never won

22) We have a cottage at Sylvan Lake. It …… in the family for thirty years.
A. was
B. has been
C. is
D. will be

23) The vegetables should be ready, they …… for at least twenty minutes.
A. are boiling
B. boiling
C. have been boiling
D. were boiling

www.expenglish.com ٣٧ Omar AL-Hourani

24) You look tired. You …… too hard lately.
A. worked
B. work
C. were working
D. have been working

25) I underestimated how much time it …… to prepare for the TOEFL Exam.
A. would take
B. will take
C. took
D. will have taken

26) I …… at the new cafeteria and it was excellent.

A. have eaten
B. was eating
C. had eaten
D. did eat

27) I …… a cold since last Thursday.

A. have
B. had
C. have been having
D. have had

28) The homeless shelter …… a difference to people living on the street.

A. is making
B. has made
C. made
D. makes

29) Steven was upset. He …… his wallet, and could not find it.
A. has lost
B. had lost
C. was losing
D. was lost

30) Look at all this water, it …… very hard.

A. has rained
B. has been raining
C. rained
D. will rain

31) We …… the game at home.

A. will be watching
B. will watch
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

www.expenglish.com ٣٨ Omar AL-Hourani

32) I …… to phone you all morning.
A. I have been trying
B. I have tried
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

33) The Australian swimmer …… the gold medal twice before.

A. has been wining
B. has won
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

34) I …… this new scooter. Do you like it?

A. have been bought
B. have been buying
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

35) I …… to this beach for years.

A. have come
B. have been coming
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

www.expenglish.com ٣٩ Omar AL-Hourani

 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻷول ﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﺮوض واﻻﺧﺘبﺎرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ‬
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https://www.dzexams.com/ar/0ap ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮي‬

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