NO317702B1 - Farmasoytiske preparater - Google Patents
Farmasoytiske preparater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO317702B1 NO317702B1 NO20025089A NO20025089A NO317702B1 NO 317702 B1 NO317702 B1 NO 317702B1 NO 20025089 A NO20025089 A NO 20025089A NO 20025089 A NO20025089 A NO 20025089A NO 317702 B1 NO317702 B1 NO 317702B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- preparation according
- preparation
- askomycin
- epi
- chloro
- Prior art date
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører orale farmasøytiske preparater innbefattende 33-epi-klor-33-desoksyaskomycin i en fast dispersjon samt en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling derav.
Frem til idag finnes ingen hensiktsmessig administrerbar, oral fast formulering tilgjengelig for 33-epi-klor-33-desoksyaskomycin.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringsr et farmasøytisk preparat for oral administrering i form av en fast dispersjon, kjennetegnet ved det ombefatter 33-epi-klor-33-desoksyaskomycin og et bærermedium, hvilket bærermedium omfatter en vann-oppkløselig polymer eller et cyklodekstrin.
Forbindelsen, 33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycin er beskrevet i publisert europeisk patent EP 427 680, under eksempel 66a.
33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycin vil i det følgende bli betegnet som forbindelse Y.
Preparatene av forbindelse Y ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, tilveiebringer et legemiddel med høy biotilgjengelighet som er hensiktsmessig å administrere og er stabilt.
Forbindelse Y kan være tilstede i preparatet i en mengde på ca. 0,01 til ca. 30 % vekt/vekt, og fortrinnsvis i en mengde på 1 til 20 % vekt/vekt.
Bærermediet er tilstede i en mengde på opptil 99,99 vekt-%, f.eks. 10 til 95 vekt-%, basert på den samlede vekten av preparatet.
I en utførelsesform innbefatter bærermediet en vannoppløselig polymer, fortrinnsvis et cellulosederivat såsom hydroksypropylmetylcellulose (HPMC), hydroksypropylmetyl-celluloseftalat eller polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP). Gode resultater kan oppnås ved anvendelse av HPMC med en lav tilsynelatende dynamisk viskositet, f.eks. under 100 eps målt ved 20°C for en 2 vekt-%ig vandig oppløsning, f.eks. under 50 eps, fortrinnsvis under 20 eps., f.eks. HPMC 3 eps. HPMC er velkjent og beskrevet f.eks. i Handbook of Pharmaceutical Exipients, andre utgave, publisert av Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and American Pharmaceutical Association, 1994, side 229 til 232, hvis innhold er innbefattet heri som henvisning. HPMC, innbefattende HPMC 3 eps, er tilgjengelig kommersielt under handelsnavnet "Pharmacoat 603" fra Shinetsu Company. PVP er tilgjengelig f.eks. under betegnelsen "Povidone" (Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients) og en PVP som har en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt mellom ca. 8000 og ca. 50000 Dalton er foretrukket.
I en annen utførelsesform innbefatter bærermediet
hydroksypropylcellulose (HPC) eller et derivat derav. Eksempler på HPC-derivater innbefatter de som har lav dynamisk viskositet i vandige medier, f.eks. vann, f.eks. under ca. 400 eps, f.eks. under 150 eps som målt i en 2 % vandig oppløsning ved 25°C. Foretrukne HPC-derivater har en lav substitusjonsgrad, og en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt under ca. 200.000 Dalton, f.eks. mellom 50.000 og 150.000 Dalton. Eksempler på HPC tilgjengelig kommersielt innbefatter "Klucel LF", "Klucel EF" og "KlucelJF" fra Aqualon Company; og "Nisso HPC-L" tilgjengelig fra Nippon Soda Ltd;
en polyetylenglykol (PEG). Eksempler innbefatter PEG'er som har en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt mellom 1000 og 9000 Dalton, f.eks. mellom ca. 1800 og 7000, f.eks. PEG 2000, PEG 4000 eller PEG 6000 (Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients);
et mettet polyglykolisert glycerid tilgjengelig f.eks. under handelsnavnet "Gelusir", f.eks. "Gelucir 44/14", "53/10", "50/13", "42/12" eller "35/10" fra Gattefossé Company; eller
et cyklodekstrin, f.eks. fi-cyklodekstrin eller et a-cyklodekstrin. Eksempler på egnede fi-cyklodekstriner innbefatter metyl-B-cyklodekstrin; dimetyl-B-cyklodekstrin, hydroksypropyl-B-cyklodekstrin, glykosyl-B-cyklodekstrin, maltosyl-fl-cyklodekstrin, sulfo-B-cyklodekstrin, sulfo-alkyletere av B-cyklodekstrin, f.eks. sulfo-Cn-alkyletere. Eksempler på ct-cyklodekstriner innbefatter glykosyl-a-cyklodekstrin og maltosyl-a-cyklodekstrin.
Bærermediet kan videre innbefatte en vannoppløselig eller vann-uopptøselig sakkarose eller en annen akseptabel bærer eller et fyllstoff, såsom laktose, eller mikrokrystallinsk cellulose. Fyllstoffet er, dersom det er tilstede, generelt tilstede i en mengde på opp til ca.30 vekt-%, f.eks. 0,5 til 20 vekt-%, fortrinnsvis fra ca. 5 til ca. 15 vekt-% av preparatet. Mikrokrystallinsk cellulose er tilgjengelig kommersielt under handelsnavnet "Avicel", f.eks. fra FMC Corporation.
Bærermediet kan videre innbefatte et eller flere overflateaktive midler, f.eks. et ikke-ionisk, ionisk, anionisk eller amfotært overflateaktivt middel. Eksempler på egnede overflateaktive midler innbefatter.
polyoksyetylen-polyoksypropylen kopolymerer og blokk-kopolymerer, kjente f.eks. under handelsnavnene "Pluronic" eller "Poloxamer", f.eks. som beskrevet i Fiedler, H.P. "Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe fur Pharmazie, Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete", Editio Cantor, D-7960 Aulendorf, 3. reviderte og utvidede utgave (1989), hvis innhold er innbefattet heri som henvisning. En foretrukket polyoksyetylen-polyoksypropylenblokkpolymer er "Poloxamer 188", tilgjengelig fra BASF Company; etoksylerte kolesteriner, f.eks. kjente under handelsbetegnelsen "Solulan", f.eks. "Solulan C24", tilgjengelig fra Amerchol Company;
vitaminderivater, f.eks. vitamin E-derivater, såsom tokoferol-polyetylenglykol-succinat (TPGS), tilgjengelig fra Eastman Company;
natriumdodecylsulfat eller natriumlaurylsulfat;
en gallesyre eller salt derav, f.eks. kolinsyre, glykolsyre eller et salt, f.eks. natriumkolat; eller
lecitin.
Dersom det overflateaktive midlet(ene) er tilstede i preparatene ifølge oppfinnelsen, generelt tilstede i en mengde på opp til ca. 20 %, f.eks. 1-15 vekt-%.
Ett eller flere sprengmidler kan være innbefattet i preparatene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Eksempler på sprengmidler innbefatter "Polyplasdone" (Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients), tilgjengelig kommersielt fra ISP Company; natrium-stivelsesglykolat tilgjengelig kommersielt fra Generichem Company; og kross-karmelose-natrium tilgjengelig under handelsnavnet "Ac-di-sol" fra FMC Corporation. Et eller flere smøremidler, f.eks. magnesiumstearat eller kolloidalt silisiumdioksyd kan videre være innbefattet i preparatet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, i en mengde på opptil 5 vekt-%, f.eks. 0,5 til 2 vekt-%, basert på vekten av preparatet.
Antioksydanter og/eller stabiliseringsmidler kan innbefattes i preparatet ifølge oppfinnelsen i en mengde på opp til ca. 1 vekt-%, f.eks. mellom 0.05 og 0.5 vekt-%. Eksempler på antioksydanter innbefatter butylert hydroksytoluen, DL-oc-tokoferol, propylgallat, askobylpalmitat og fumarsyre. Malonsyre er et egnet stabiliseringsmiddel.
I en utførelsesform kan preparatene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse oppnås ved oppløsning eller suspensjon av forbindelse Y og bærermediet i et oppløsningsmiddel eller en oppløsningsmiddelblanding. Oppløsningsmidlet kan være et enkelt opp-løsningsmiddel eller en blanding av oppløsningsmidler, og rekkefølgen for oppløsning og suspensjon av forbindelse Y med bærermediet i oppløsningsmidlet kan varieres. Oppløsningsmidler som er egnet for anvendelse ved fremstilling av faste disper-sjonssammensetninger ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, kan være organiske opp-løsningsmidler såsom alkohol, f.eks. metanol, etanol eller isopropanol; en ester, f.eks. etylacetat; en eter, f.eks. dietyleter; et keton, f.eks. aceton; eller et halogenert hydrokarbon, f.eks. dikloretan. En hensiktsmessig oppløsningsmiddelblanding er en etanol/aceton-blanding som har et vektforhold mellom etanol og aceton på mellom ca. 1:10 til ca. 10:1, f.eks. 1:5 til 5:1.
Typisk er forbindelse Y og bærermediet tilstede i et vektforhold med oppløsningsmidlet på 1:0,1 til 1:20. Oppløsningsmidlet kan avdampes og forbindelse Y sammen utfelles med bærermediet. Den resulterende rest kan tørkes, f.eks. under redusert trykk, siktes og males. Den malte dispersjonen kan kombineres med andre hjelpestoffer og f.eks. komprimeres til tabletter, eller fylles i poser eller gelatinkapsler.
I en annen utførelsesform kan den faste dispersjonen fremstilles ved smelting av bærermediet for å danne en smelte, og kombinering av smeiten med forbindelse Y, f.eks. ved omrøring, eventuelt i nærvær av et oppløsningsmiddel eller en oppløsningsmiddel-blanding som beskrevet her.
Alternativt kan de faste dispersjonene ifølge oppfinnelsen fremstilles ved spraytørke-teknikker som beskrevet f.eks. i "Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy", Lachmann et al., 1986. En suspensjon som dannet ovenfor dispergeres gjennom en dyse inn i et kammer som holdes ved f.eks. 20 - 80°C. Oppløsningsmidlet avdampes ved å føres gjennom dysen og de fint dispergerte partikler samles.
Preparatene ifølge oppfinnelsen har etter maling typisk en midlere partikkelstørrelse på mindre enn ca. 0,5 mm, f.eks. mindre enn ca. 350 fim, f.eks. ca. 100 til ca. 300 um.
Doseringsformen som anvendes, f.eks. en tablett, kan være belagt, f.eks. ved anvendelse av et enterisk belegg. Egnede belegg kan innbefatte celluloseacetat-ftalat; hydroksypropyl-metylcelluloseftalat; en polymetakrylsyre-kopolymer, f.eks. "Eudragit L, S"; eller hydroksypropylmetyl-cellulosesuccinat.
Vektforholdet mellom askomycin, f.eks. forbindelse Y, og bærermediet, er generelt ikke mer enn 1:3, fortrinnsvis mindre enn 1:4.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer videre en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et farmasøytisk preparat som som talt ovenfor, kjennetegnet ved at den omfatter
a. suspensjon av 33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycin i et oppløsningsmiddel for å danne en suspensjon,
b. kombinajson av én eller flere bærerkomponenter med oppløsningsmiddelet, og c. spraytørkning av suspensjonen for å danne det farmasøytiske preparatet.
De orale preparatene av forbindelse Y som er er beskrevet er nyttige f.eks. ved behandling av inflammatoriske og hyperproliferative hudsykdommer og av kutane manifestasjoner av immunologisk formidlede sykdommer. Nærmere bestemt er preparatene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse nyttige som antiinflammatoriske midler og som immunoundertrykkende midler og antiproliferative midler for anvendelse ved forebyggelse og behandling av inflammatoriske tilstander og av tilstander som krever irnmunoundertrykkelse, såsom a) forebyggelse og behandling av - avvisning av organ- eller vevs-transplantater, f.eks. av hjerte, nyre, lever,
benmark og hud,
- pode-versus-vert-sykdom som etter benmargspodinger,
- autoimmun-sykdommer såsom rheumatoid artritt, systemisk lupus erythematosus, Hashimotos thyroidis, multipel sclerose, Myasthenia gravis, diabetes type I og uveitit, - kutane manifestasjoner av immunologisk formidlede sykdommer; b) behandlingen av inflammatoriske og hyperproliferative hudsykdommer såsom psoriasis, atopisk dermatitt, kontaktdermatitt og videre eksematøse dermatitter,
seborrheisk dermatitt, Lichen planus, Pemphigus, bullous Pemphigoid, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angiodemas, vasculitider, erythemas, kutan
eosinofili, Lupus erythematosus og akne; og
c) Alopecia areata.
Når det farmasøytiske preparat ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er i enhets doseform, f.eks. som en tablett, kapsel eller pulver, vil hver enhetsdose hensiktsmessig inneholde mellom 1 mg og 100 mg av legemiddelstoffet, mer foretrukket mellom 10 og 50 mg; f.eks. 15,20,25 eller 50 mg. Slike enhets doseformer er egnet for administrering en til fem ganger daglig, avhengig av det spesielle formålet med behandlingen, fasen av behandlingen og lignende.
I en utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatter preparatet 30 vekt-% forbindelse Y og 70 vekt-% HPMC i en dose på f.eks. 10 til 50 mg pr. dag, for anvendelse ved f.eks. psoriasis, atopisk dermatitt eller kontaktdermatitt.
Den nøyaktige mengde av preparatene som administreres avhenger av flere faktorer, f. eks. den ønskede varighet av behandlingen og hastigheten for frigivelse av forbindelse
Y.
Anvendeligheten av de farmasøytiske preparatene inneholdende forbindelse Y kan observeres i standard kliniske forsøk i f.eks. kjente indikasjoner av doseringer av aktivt middel som gir ekvivalente blodnivåer av aktivt middel; f.eks. ved anvendelse av doser i området fra 1 mg til 1000 mg aktivt middel pr. dag for en 75 kg tung voksen pasient, og i standard dyremodeller. Den forøkede biotilgjengelighet av legemiddelstoffet som tilveiebringes ved preparatene kan observeres i standard dyreforsøk og i kliniske forsøk.
I det følgende er det gitt en beskrivelse som eksempel på faste dispersjonspreparater ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse.
Eksempel 1
En fast dispersjonssammensetning fremstilles inneholdende følgende bestanddeler (i vektdeler):
Sammensetningen (form E) fremstilles ved å oppløse forbindelse Y og bærermedium i en etanol/aceton-blanding. Oppløsningsmidlene avdampes deretter, og den resulterende tørre rest males.
Eksempel 2
Det fremstilles en fast dispersjonssammensetning inneholdende følgende bestanddeler (i vektdeler):
Sammensetningen (form F) fremstilles analogt eksempel 1.
Eksempel 3
Det fremstilles en fast dispersjonssammensetning inneholdende følgende bestanddeler (i vektdeler):
Sammensetningen (form G) fremstilles analogt eksempel 1.
De ovenfor angitte sammensetninger, former E til G, kan dannes til tabletter, fylles i kapsler eller pulveriseres og pakkes i poser.
Farmakokinetikk etter administrering av 33- epi- klor- 33- desoksy- acomycin til rotter
a) Legemiddeladministrering
0.5 ml vandige dispersjoner av legemiddelsammensetningene (svarende til 4.0 mg aktiv
bestanddel/rotte) ble administrert ved gastrisk intubering ved anvendelse av en kort inhaleringsanestesi med en 1 ml sprøyte, knyttet til et polyetylenrør. Seks dyr ble anvendt for hver sammensetningsform E, F og G.
b) Blodprøvetaking
Dyrene fikk en permanent kanyle i en vena jugularis en dag før dette forsøket. 0,5 ml
venøst blod (vena jugularis) ble samlet fra hver rotte og lagret i 2,5 ml EDTA-rør. Blodprøvene av to dyr (1 og 2, 3 og 4, 5 og 6) ble samlet og lagret ved -80°C inntil legemiddelanalyse. Prøver ble tatt før administrering og 10 min. (m), 30m, 60m, 120m, 300m, 480m og 1440m etter legemiddeladministrering.
c) Bioanalyse
Blodprøvene ble analysert ved anvendelse av revers-fase HPLC.
Resultatene er avsatt i fig. 1 og 2, hvori ng/ml (vertikal akse) er avsatt som funksjon av tid i timer (horisontal akse). Fig. 1 viser at form F resulterte i blodnivåer som er vesentlig høyere enn blodnivåene observert etter administrering av form E eller form G.
Fig. 2 viser at form F resulterte i høye blodnivåer når den ble administrert med mat.
Forbindelse Y er i amorf form i sammensetningene E, F og G ved dannelse og etter 6 måneders lagring, som bestemt ved røntgendiffraksjon.
Former E, F og G testes for respektive oppløsningshastigheter. Ved røring i en oppløsning av 0,2 vekt-% natriumdodecylsulfat i vann ved 37°C ble det funnet at over 80 % tilgjengelig forbindelse Y frigis, og oppløses fra hver nedmalt sammensetning inneholdende 10 mg forbindelse Y etter 30 min. 92 % tilgjengelig forbindelse Y frigis fra form E. Dette sammenlignes med ca. 5 % frigivelse etter 30 min. fra en ekvivalent mengde krystallinsk forbindelse Y.
Claims (23)
1.
Farmasøytisk preparat for oral administrering i form av en fast dispersjon, karakterisert ved at det omfatter 33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycin og et bærermedium, hvilket bærermedium omfatter en vannoppløselig polymer eller et cyklodekstrin.
2.
Preparat ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at bærermediet omfatter en vannoppløselig polymer.
3.
Preparat ifølge krav 2, karakterisert ved at den vannoppløselige polymeren er hydroksypropylmetylcellulose eller polyvinylpyrrolidon.
4.
Preparat ifølge ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det omfatter opptil 30 vekt-% av 33-epiklor-33-desoksy-askomycin.
5.
Preparat ifølge hvilket som helst av krav 2 til 4, karakterisert v e d at den vannoppløselige polymeren omfatter hydroksypropylmetylcellulose i en mengde på opptil 95 vekt-%.
6.
Preparat ifølge hvilket som helst av krav 2 til 5, karakterisert ved at polymeren omfatter polyvinylpyrrolidon.
7.
Preparat ifølge hvilket som helst av krav 2 til 6, karakterisert v e d at vektforholdet mellom 33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycin og polymer er mindre enn 1:4. s.
Preparat ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det er surfaktantfritt.
9.
Preparat ifølge et hvilket som helst av krav ltil7, karakterisert ved at sammensetningen videre omfatter en surfaktant.
10.
Preparat ifølge krav 9, karakterisert ved at surfaktanten omfatter polyoksyetylen-polyoksypropylen-kopolymer eller blokk-kopolymer.
11.
Preparat ifølge hvilke som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at 33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycin er i amorf eller i det vesentlige amorf form.
12.
Preparat ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det foreligger i enhetsdoseform.
13.
Preparat ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det foreligger i kapsel- eller tablettform.
14.
Preparat ifølge krav 12 eller 13, karakterisert ved at det videre omfatter et enterisk belegg.
15.
Preparat ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det videre omfatter en antioksydant.
16.
Preparat ifølge krav 15, karakterisert ved at antioksydanten er valgt fra gruppen bestående av butylert hydroksytoluen, DL-a-tokoferol-propyl-galat, askorbyl-palmitat og fumarsyre.
17.
Preparat ifølge hvilke som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det videre omfatter en vannoppløselig sakkarose.
18.
Preparat ifølge hvilke som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det videre omfattende en mikrokrystallinsk cellulose.
19.
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et farmasøytisk preparat ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den omfatter: a. suspensjon av 33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycin i et oppløsningsmiddel for å danne en suspensjon, b. kombinajson av én eller flere bærerkomponenter med oppløsningsmiddelet, og c. spraytørkning av suspensjonen for å danne det farmasøytiske preparatet.
20.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 19, karakterisert ved at det farmasøytiske preparatet etterfølgende formes til en enhetsdoseform.
21.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 19 eller 20, karakterisert v e d at det farmasøytiske preparatet etterfølgende dannes til en tablett eller fylles i en kapsel.
22.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 19, karakterisert ved at 33-epi-klor-33-desoksy-askomycinet dannes til en fast dispersjon ved spraytørking.
23.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 19, karakterisert ved at oppløsningsmiddelet er et organisk oppløsningsmiddel eller en blanding av organiske oppløsningsmidler.
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1996
- 1996-07-11 FR FR9608705A patent/FR2736550B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-11 BE BE9600631A patent/BE1009856A5/fr active
- 1996-07-12 JP JP9506264A patent/JPH11509223A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-12 ES ES96925741T patent/ES2215195T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 EP EP02023033A patent/EP1281400B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 US US08/981,952 patent/US6004973A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 SK SK186-2002A patent/SK283572B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 KR KR10-1998-0700244A patent/KR100352943B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 WO PCT/EP1996/003066 patent/WO1997003654A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-07-12 SI SI9630730T patent/SI1281400T1/sl unknown
- 1996-07-12 CN CN96196788A patent/CN1080120C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 SK SK44-98A patent/SK283571B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1996-07-12 RU RU98102855/14A patent/RU2159107C2/ru active Protection Beyond IP Right Term
- 1996-07-12 AT AT96925741T patent/ATE258429T1/de active
- 1996-07-12 PL PL324502A patent/PL191933B1/pl unknown
- 1996-07-12 DK DK96925741T patent/DK0839028T3/da active
- 1996-07-12 DK DK02023033T patent/DK1281400T3/da active
- 1996-07-12 IT IT96RM000501A patent/IT1284871B1/it active IP Right Grant
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- 1996-07-12 DE DE69631422T patent/DE69631422T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 DE DE69635499T patent/DE69635499T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-12 CZ CZ199891A patent/CZ291305B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 NZ NZ313633A patent/NZ313633A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 CA CA002426956A patent/CA2426956C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-12 BR BR9609537A patent/BR9609537A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-12 CA CA002225960A patent/CA2225960C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 HU HU9900391A patent/HU226774B1/hu unknown
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- 1996-07-12 IL IL144684A patent/IL144684A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 AU AU66152/96A patent/AU706174B2/en not_active Expired
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- 1996-07-12 EP EP96925741A patent/EP0839028B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 SI SI9630671T patent/SI0839028T1/xx unknown
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1998
- 1998-01-08 NO NO19980081A patent/NO314924B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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1999
- 1999-03-29 HK HK99101280A patent/HK1016081A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-13 US US09/374,899 patent/US6197781B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
- 2000-01-13 UY UY25896A patent/UY25896A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2002
- 2002-07-12 US US10/194,826 patent/US6599535B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-23 NO NO20025089A patent/NO317702B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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2003
- 2003-06-04 US US10/454,017 patent/US6956043B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-11 JP JP2003273402A patent/JP2004002457A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-22 CL CL200302715A patent/CL2003002715A1/es unknown
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2005
- 2005-07-26 CY CY0500043A patent/CY2603B2/xx unknown
- 2005-10-21 US US11/255,359 patent/US20060115533A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2007
- 2007-02-09 CY CY0700003A patent/CY2571B1/xx unknown
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2008
- 2008-02-29 JP JP2008049742A patent/JP5522901B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2011
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