JP6780707B2 - 希土類磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6780707B2 JP6780707B2 JP2018550211A JP2018550211A JP6780707B2 JP 6780707 B2 JP6780707 B2 JP 6780707B2 JP 2018550211 A JP2018550211 A JP 2018550211A JP 2018550211 A JP2018550211 A JP 2018550211A JP 6780707 B2 JP6780707 B2 JP 6780707B2
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- earth magnet
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Description
以下のように、コンピュータを用いたシミュレーションにより、実施例1の配向工程を模擬した。シミュレーションは有限要素法に基づく。シミュレーションには、COMSOL株式会社製のソフトウェアであるCOMSOL Multiphysicsを用いた。
3A,3B,3C,3D,3E,3F,3G,3H: アルゴン
5: ベークライト
6: アクリル樹脂
10: Nd2Fe14B
12A: 水(冷却水)
12B: 銅(空芯コイルを構成する銅線)
Nd2Fe14Bの比透磁率: 1.05
アルゴンの電気伝導率: 1.0×10−14S/m
アルゴンの比誘電率: 1.0005
アルゴンの比透磁率: 1
銅の電気伝導率: 5.8×107S/m
銅の比誘電率: 0.000001
銅の比透磁率: 0.9999
アクリル樹脂の電気伝導率: 1.0×10−14S/m
アクリル樹脂の比誘電率: 3.4
アクリル樹脂の比透磁率: 1
水の電気伝導率: 5.5×10−6S/m
水の比誘電率: 80
水の比透磁率: 0.9999
ベークライトの電気伝導率: 1.0×10−9S/m
ベークライトの比誘電率: 4.8
ベークライトの比透磁率: 1
E: 電圧(単位:V)
C: 静電容量(単位:F)
L: インダクタンス(単位:H)
R: 抵抗(単位:Ω)
t: 時間(単位:秒)
E: 2530V
C: 3600μF
L: 550μH
R: 50mΩ
G:合金粒子の体積
μ0:真空の透磁率
μa:実効透磁率(みかけの比透磁率)
h:合金粒子に作用する磁場
比較例1のシミュレーションでは、アクリル樹脂からなる側型6の代わりに、アルミニウム合金(A5052)からなる側型6を用いた。アルミニウム合金の電気伝導率は、2.0×107S/mであった。アルミニウム合金の比誘電率は1であった。アルミニウム合金の比透磁率は1であった。
図11及び図13は、側型6がアクリル樹脂から形成されることにより、側型6における渦電流の発生が抑制されることを示している。下記表1及び図14は、側型6がアクリル樹脂から形成されることにより、成形体10を構成する合金粒子を側型6の内壁へ引っ張る磁力(渦電流に起因する磁力)が抑制されることを示している。
ストリップキャスト法により、組成が重量分率でNd29Dy1Febal.B1であるフレーク状の合金を作製した。合金を水素吸蔵法により粗粉砕して、粗粉末を得た。粗粉末にオレイン酸アミド(潤滑剤)を添加した。続いて粗粉末を不活性ガス中でジェットミルにより粉砕して、微粉末(希土類元素を含む金属粉末)を得た。微粉末の粒子径D50は、4μmに調整した。微粉末中の酸素の含有量は、5000質量ppm以下であった。微粉末中の窒素の含有量は、500質量ppm以下であった。微粉末中の炭素の含有量は、1000質量ppm以下であった。
実施例3〜9、並びに比較例2及び3では、成形圧力を下記表2に示される値に調整した。実施例3〜9、並びに比較例2及び3では、型内へ供給する微粉末の質量及び成形圧力を変更することにより、成形工程直後の成形体の密度を、下記表2に示される値に調整した。実施例3〜9、並びに比較例2及び3其々の焼結工程直前の成形体の密度は、成形工程直後の成形体の密度(密度1)とほぼ同じであった。これらの事項以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で、実施例3〜9、並びに比較例2及び3其々の成形体及び希土類磁石を作製した。
比較例4〜6では、配向工程と焼結工程との間において、成形体を300℃で加熱しなかった。比較例4〜6では、配向工程後、成形体を上記の型から別のゴム型内へ移した。成形体を内包するゴム型を水中に設置して、ゴム型内の成形体を水圧によって等方的に圧縮した。以上のように、比較例4〜6では、300℃での加熱の代わりに、冷間静水圧プレス(Cold Isostatic Pressing)を実施した。下記表2では、冷間静水圧プレスを「CIP」と表記する。冷間静水圧プレスにおける水圧は、下記表2に示す値に調整した。冷間静水圧プレス後、成形体をゴム型から分離して、焼結用トレイ上に載置した。
Claims (12)
- 希土類元素を含む金属粉末を、型内へ供給して、成形体を形成する成形工程と、
前記型内に保持された前記成形体にパルス磁場を印加して、前記成形体に含まれる前記金属粉末を配向させる配向工程と、
前記配向工程後、前記型から分離された前記成形体を焼結させる焼結工程と、
を備え、
前記型が、下型と、前記下型の上に配置される筒状の側型と、前記側型の上方から前記側型内へ挿入される上型と、を含み、
前記下型、前記側型、及び前記上型のうち、少なくとも前記側型が樹脂から形成されており、
密度が3.0g/cm3以上4.4g/cm3以下に調整された前記成形体を焼結させることを特徴とする、
希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記側型が、前記パルス磁場の方向に対して周回している、
請求項1に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記側型と前記成形体との接触面積が、前記下型と前記成形体との接触面積よりも広く、
前記側型と前記成形体との接触面積が、前記上型と前記成形体との接触面積よりも広い、
請求項1又は2に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記樹脂が絶縁性樹脂である、
請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記型が前記金属粉末に及ぼす圧力を、0.049MPa以上20MPa以下に調整する、
請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記配向工程では、同一の中心軸を持つように配置された少なくとも二つのコイルを用いて、前記成形体に前記パルス磁場を印加する、
請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記二つのコイルは、ヘルムホルツコイルである、
請求項6に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記型のうち前記成形体に接する表面が、前記樹脂から形成されている、
請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記型の全部が、前記樹脂から形成されている、
請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記配向工程後、前記型の少なくとも一部を、前記成形体から分離する分離工程と、
前記分離工程後、前記成形体を加熱して、前記成形体の温度を200℃以上450℃以下に調整する加熱工程と、
を更に備え、
前記加熱工程後、前記焼結工程が行われ、
前記成形工程において前記型内へ供給される前記金属粉末が、有機物を含み、
前記加熱工程における前記成形体の加熱により、前記有機物が炭素になり、前記金属粉末同士が前記炭素を介して結着される、
請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記有機物が、潤滑剤である、
請求項10に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記加熱工程では、遠赤外線を前記成形体へ照射することにより、前記成形体を加熱する、
請求項10又は11に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。
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