JP5923657B2 - 多孔性膜及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔性膜及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 124
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-hexanone Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)=O FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 2
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0016—Coagulation
- B01D67/00165—Composition of the coagulation baths
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
- B01D67/00793—Dispersing a component, e.g. as particles or powder, in another component
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/148—Organic/inorganic mixed matrix membranes
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
- B01D71/0281—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
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Description
ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を、100℃以上で、γ−ブチロラクトン(γ−butyrolactone)に溶解させて基本溶液を製造した。基本溶液内のPVDFの含量は30重量%であり、γ−ブチロラクトンの含量は70重量%であった。前記基本溶液に、イオン性液体として1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボラート(1−butyl−3−methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate:BMIM−BF4)を添加することによって、紡糸ドープを製造した。基本溶液に添加されるBMIM−BF4の添加量は、PVDFの重量に対して5%であった。
基本溶液に添加されたBMIM−BF4の添加量がPVDFの重量に対して2%であること以外は、上記実施例1と同様の方法で多孔性膜を完成した。
基本溶液にBMIM−BF4を添加しなかったこと以外は、上記実施例1と同様の方法で多孔性膜を完成した。
直径10mm及び長さ170mmであるアクリルチューブと多孔性膜を準備した。前記多孔性膜を160mmの長さに切断した後、開放されたその一端を接着剤で密封した。次いで、前記多孔性膜を前記アクリルチューブに入れた後、アクリルチューブの一方の末端と前記多孔性膜の開放された他端部との間を密封した。その後、常温(ambient temperature:25℃)で、前記アクリルチューブの他方の開放された末端を通じてアクリルチューブの内壁と多孔性膜との間に純水を入れ、1.0kgf/cm2の窒素圧を加えた。そして、1.0kgf/cm2の窒素圧力下での測定された水透過度(Lp1.0)を、下記の式1によって求めた。
水透過度(Lp)=V/(S・t・P)
多孔性膜の圧密化指数を下記の式2によって求めた。
CI=(Lp1.0−Lp3.0)/Lp1.0
引張強度、圧縮強度などの各種機械的特性を測定できる万能材料試験機(Instrone 4303)を用いた。準備した10N(1kgf) cellに、中空糸膜を120mmに切断した後、両端の10mmずつをグリップ(grip)部分に装着した後、50mm/minの速度で中空糸膜を引っ張り、膜の破断直前の伸び率(元の長さに対する伸びた長さの比率)を測定した。
引張強度、圧縮強度などの各種機械的特性を測定できる万能材料試験機(Instrone 4303)を用いた。準備した10N(1kgf) cellに、中空糸膜を120mmに切断した後、両端の10mmずつをグリップ(grip)部分に装着した後、50mm/minの速度で中空糸膜を引っ張り、膜の破断強力(Kgf)を測定した。
直径10mm及び長さ170mmであるアクリルチューブと多孔性膜を準備した。前記多孔性膜を160mmの長さに切断した後、開放されたその一端を接着剤で密封した。次いで、前記多孔性膜を前記アクリルチューブに入れた後、アクリルチューブの一方の末端と前記多孔性膜の開放された他端部との間を密封した。次いで、0.1μmの平均直径を有するスチレンビーズ(styrene bead)を純水(pure water)に入れて、0.05wt%のスチレンビーズを含有する原水(substrate)を製造した。前記アクリルチューブの他方の末端(開放された末端)を通じてアクリルチューブの内壁と多孔性膜との間に前記原水を注入した。次いで、常温(ambient temperature:25℃)下で、前記多孔性膜に0.05kgf/cm2の窒素圧を1分間加えて、多孔性膜を透過した透過水を得た。次に、前記原水と前記透過水のスチレンビーズの濃度をUV[UV−160A](at 460λ)を用いてそれぞれ測定し、下記の式3によって多孔性膜の排除率を求めた。
排除率(%)={(Cs−Cf)/Cs}×100
Claims (14)
- 多数の球晶(球晶:spherical crystallites)を含む対称的ビード構造(symmetric bead structure)を有し、
前記多数の球晶のそれぞれは、多数のサブ−球晶(sub−spherical crystallites)を含むことを特徴とする、多孔性膜。 - 前記多数の球晶は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(Polyvinylidene Difluoride)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔性膜。
- 前記多数の球晶は、ゼオライト(zeolite)をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の多孔性膜。
- 1.0〜3.0kgf/cm2の窒素圧下で測定される水透過度(water permeability)が0.7(ml/cm2)・(min)−1・(kgf/cm2)−1以上であり、
下記の式で定義される圧密化指数(compaction index)が0.5以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔性膜:
式:CI=(Lp1.0−Lp3.0)/Lp1.0
ここで、CIは圧密化指数であり、Lp1.0は、1.0kgf/cm2の窒素圧力下で測定される水透過度であり、Lp3.0は、3.0kgf/cm2の窒素圧力下で測定される水透過度である。 - 0.7kgf以上の引張強度及び50%以上の破断伸度を有し、
0.1μmの直径を有する粒子に対する排除率が90%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔性膜。 - 貧溶媒(poor solvent)にポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、及びポリフッ化ビニリデンのうち少なくとも一つの高分子樹脂を溶解させて基本溶液を製造する段階と、
前記基本溶液にイオン性液体を添加して紡糸ドープを製造する段階と、
前記紡糸ドープを口金(spinneret)を通じて吐出する段階と、
吐出された前記紡糸ドープを凝固液に接触させて多孔性構造を形成する段階とを含むことを特徴とする、多孔性膜の製造方法。 - 前記高分子樹脂は、100℃以上、しかし、前記貧溶媒の沸点未満の温度で前記貧溶媒に溶解されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。
- 前記貧溶媒は、シクロヘキサノン、イソホロン、γ−ブチロラクトン(γ−butyrolactone)、メチルイソアミルケトン、フタル酸ジメチル、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテル、プロピレンカーボネート、ジアセトンアルコール、及びグリセロールトリアセテートのうち少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。
- 前記貧溶媒は、γ−ブチロラクトンを含むことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。
- 前記基本溶液は、20〜40重量%の前記高分子樹脂及び60〜80重量%の前記貧溶媒を含み、
前記基本溶液に前記イオン性液体が前記高分子樹脂の重量に対して2〜20%の量で添加されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。 - 前記イオン性液体は、1−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボラート(1−butyl−3−methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate:BMIM−BF4)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。
- 前記基本溶液にゼオライトを添加する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。
- 前記凝固液は、20〜80重量%の水及び20〜80重量%の揮発性有機溶媒を含み、
前記揮発性有機溶媒は、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、アセトン、ブタノン(メチルエチルケトン)、ジアセチル、アセチルアセトン、ヘキサン−2,5−ジオン、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、及びポリエーテルのうち少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。 - 前記凝固液の温度は5〜20℃に維持されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の多孔性膜の製造方法。
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