JP2023052845A - インプラントの設置及び撤去システム - Google Patents
インプラントの設置及び撤去システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023052845A JP2023052845A JP2023014473A JP2023014473A JP2023052845A JP 2023052845 A JP2023052845 A JP 2023052845A JP 2023014473 A JP2023014473 A JP 2023014473A JP 2023014473 A JP2023014473 A JP 2023014473A JP 2023052845 A JP2023052845 A JP 2023052845A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、「皮下インプラント設置システム」という名称の2015年6月3日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/570,561号、及び「皮下インプラント設置システム」という名称の2015年6月4日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/170,994号に対する優先権を請求するものである。本出願は、以下で参照指示されている出願全ての開示全体を参照により本明細書中に組込んでいる。
第1の距離、第2の距離及び角度の少なくとも1つは、設置用カニューレを誘導しインプラントを、患者の皮膚の外部表面下、規定の深さに送達するように構成されている。
設置用ガイドは、設置用ガイドの長手及び幅に沿って延在し、かつ、インプラントが挿入されつつある部位の周りの皮膚の領域の視認及び/又は動悸を可能にするように構成されている、視認ウィンドウ又は開口部、をさらに含む。
インプラントは、例えば移植可能な浸透圧ミニポンプなどの任意のインプラントであってよい。
規定の深さは、患者の皮膚の外部表面下、約0.5mmないし約4.5mm、約1mmないし約4mm、約1.5mmないし約3mmである。
パイロットチューブは、設置用カニューレを組織内に収容し誘導するように構成されている。
切開部の創出に先立って、該方法は、移植部位において皮膚を清浄するステップと、切開部を作製するために皮膚にマーキングを行なうステップと、マークの付近に局所麻酔薬を注入するステップと、をさらに含む。
設置用カニューレの解放及び/若しくは撤去、並びに/又は、設置用ガイドの撤去、の後に、該方法は、切開部を清浄するステップと、切開部に対し圧力を加えるステップと、切開部の少なくとも一方の側に接着剤を塗布するステップと、切開部を閉鎖するステップと、のうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含む。
設置深さは、患者の皮膚の外部表面下、約0.5mmないし約4.5mm、約1mmないし約4mm、約1.5mmないし約3mmである。
第1の表面の長手及び幅に沿って延在し、かつ、インプラントが挿入されつつある部位の周りの皮膚の領域の視認及び/又は動悸を可能にするように構成されている、視認ウィンドウ又は開口部を含む。
設置用ガイドは、患者の皮膚の外部表面下、約0.5mmないし約4.5mm、約1mmないし約4mm、好ましくは約1.5mmないし約3mmの設置深さを提供するように構成されている。
パイロットチューブは、設置用カニューレを組織内に収容し誘導するように構成されている。
ガイドの剛性、第1の距離、第2の距離及び角度のうちの少なくとも1つは、設置用カニューレを誘導し、規定の設置深さにおいてインプラントを送達するように適切に設計される。
第1及び第2のアームを連結するための連結用構造。
ラチェット機構又は摺動摩擦係止機構を含むものなどの、任意の係止用装置(いくつかの実施形態において、係止用装置は連結用構造を含み得る)。
第1及び第2の開口部は、ステンレス鋼ワイヤから形成される。
第1の開口部及び第2の開口部は、例えば丸形、方形又は卵形形状などの任意の形状であることができる。
第1の開口部は、ステンレス鋼ワイヤの第1の端部に形成され、第2の開口部は、ステンレス鋼ワイヤの第2の端部に形成される。
ワイヤは、第1のアーム及び第2のアームを含む、又は、第1のアーム及び第2のアームに取付けられている。
連結用構造は、バネ、コイル状ワイヤなどを含む。
第1のアームに取付けられた第1の握りと第2のアームに取付けられた第2の握りとを含む取っ手。
第1のアームと第2のアームの間でステンレス鋼ワイヤに沿って位置するコネクタ部品。
第1の位置は、第2の位置よりも幅広の第1及び第2のアームの構成である。
係止用装置は、切開部が創出される間、第1のアーム及び第2のアームを第1の位置に保持する。
第2の位置に到達するための第1のアーム及び第2のアームの押し合わせは、第1の位置で始まり、第2の位置で終る。
係止用装置は、第1のアーム及び第2のアームを第1及び第2の位置に保持する。
外科用メス、止血剤、ガーゼ、Steri-Strips(商標)などのテープ、液体皮膚接着剤、包帯、シリンジ、針、ドレープ(有窓又は無窓)、無菌手袋、アルコールプレップパッドなどの消毒剤、リドカインなどの麻酔薬、定規、綿棒、目視基準ガイド及びパーマネントマーカなどの筆記具。
2つの異なる設置用ガイド、A(剛性)及びB(可撓性)を伴う設置用ツールを用いて、移植深さを比較した。具体的には、浸透圧ポンプ(直径およそ4mm×長さ44mm)を、代表的な設置用ツール及び2つの異なる設置用ガイドA及びBを用いて、生きたブタのモデルの体内に移植した。実質的に剛性のガイドである設置用ガイドAは、図5A~Eの中に例示されているガイドに類似していた。設置用ガイドB(図示せず)は、比較的可撓性のガイドであった。設置用ガイドAは、設置用ガイドBのより可撓性の高いプラスチックの約2倍の厚みを有する剛性成形プラスチックで製造した。設置用ガイドAは、挿入処置中に術者により、長手方向又は幅方向に実質的に湾曲、歪曲又は屈曲され得ない程度の充分な剛性を有していた。対照的に、設置用ガイドBは、挿入処置中、術者が容易に長手方向及び幅方向に湾曲及び屈曲させることができた。設置用ガイドA及びBは、おおよそ同じ長さ(約86mm)であったが、設置用ガイドBは、設置用ガイドA(幅約25mm)のおよそ半分の幅を有し、設置用ガイドAの高さのおよそ半分の高さを有する立ち上げられた側面を有していた。設置用ガイドBには、設置用ガイドAには存在するガセット板及び視認開口部が欠落していた。
2つの異なる設置用ガイド、A(幅狭、約25mm)及びC(約2倍の幅)を伴う設置用ツールを用いた移植深さを比較した。具体的には、代表的な設置用ツール並びに2つの異なる設置用ガイドA及びCを用いて生きたブタモデルの体内に、浸透圧ポンプ(およそ直径4mm×長さ44mm)を移植した。比較的幅狭のガイドである設置用ガイドAは、図5A-Eに例示されているガイドに類似していた。比較的幅広のガイドである設置用ガイドCは、図14中に例示されたガイドに類似していた。設置用ガイドA及びCは、実質的に類似の剛性を示した。両方共、実施例1の設置用ガイドBよりも著しく高い剛性を有していた。
本明細書中に記載の代表的な設置用ツール及び設置用ガイドを用いて生きたブタモデルの体内に移植された48基の浸透圧ポンプ(およそ直径、例えば幅、約4mm×長さ44mm)について深さ測定を行なった。6つの異なる寸法を有する設置用ガイドを使用した。
主目的
プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプ「インプラント」(本明細書中では、「プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプ」と呼ぶこともある)を患者の腹壁の真皮下内に、インプラントの容易な撤去を促す深さで一貫して送達するために、臨床医が開示対象の設置用システムを正しく使用できる能力を査定すること。対象の腹壁内の皮膚の下に浸透圧ミニポンプを設置する(すなわち挿入する)ために、設置用システムを使用した。設置用システムは、共に図1A中に示されたものに類似した設置用ツール及び設置用ガイドを含んでいた。設置用ガイドは設置用ツールと相互作用し、プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの設置深さを制御し限定するように設計されていた。
・ 設置用システムを用いて正しく設置されたプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの数と百分率
設置用システムを用いて設置されたプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプを撤去する能力を査定すること。
・ 設置用システムを用いて設置され正しく撤去されたプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの数及び百分率
・ (0日目の設置直後及び2週目の撤去直前に決定された)プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの設置の平均深さ。
・ mm単位で測定された挿入されたプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの近位及び遠位端部の深さの一貫性。
・ 設置用システムの一実施形態を用いてプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプを設置するための処置の忍容性の査定。
・ 本明細書中で説明された設置用システムの使用し易さの査定。
・ 挿入されたプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの設置に要した時間。
・ 挿入されたプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの撤去に要した時間。
およそ5週間、スクリーニング検診(検診1、2週間前(検診1、術前2週間[14日前ないし2日前])、設置検診(検診2、0日目)、撤去検診(検診3、2週間±3日目)処置後の電話による追跡調査(検診4、3週間±7日目)。
これは、健康で正常なボランティアにおける、第1段階、非盲検、単一施設研究であった。18才以上60才以下の合計20名の健康な成人対象(男女の対象)が参加した。対象には、1回のスクリーニング検診、1回の設置検診及び1回の撤去検診を含めた3回の検診とそれに続く撤去セッションより一週間後の電話追跡調査への参加が求められた。各対象についての参加の合計の継続期間は、約5週間であった。
本明細書で説明されている浸透圧ミニポンプは、2型糖尿病の治療向けに開発中の浸透圧ミニポンプに入ったエキセナチドからなる治験中の組合せ製品の一部である。この研究のためには、プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプを使用した。プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプは、設置用システムを用いて、臨床検診中に、訓練された有資格医療関係者によって腹壁内に設置された。
対象は、設置セッション前2ないし14日以内に、スクリーニング検診のため研究現場に出向いた。スクリーニング検診は、対象の同意を得ること、対象の病歴を精査すること、検査検体を収集すること、及び、対象が試験対象患者選択/除外基準を満たしていることを確認することで構成されていた。対象は、スクリーニング検診において行なわれた査定により適格性が確認された後、臨床医に割当てられた。
現場スタッフが対象と面談して、スクリーニング以降、試験対象患者選択/除外基準の制限が侵害されていないことを確認した。対象は、以下の順序で試験を受けた:
・ 臨床医により施される試験領域のマーキング及び清浄。
・ リドカインの注入及び設置用システムを用いたプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの設置。
・ およそ3ないし5分間滅菌ガーゼで切開部位に対し直接定常圧力を加えることによって、止血を達成した。
・ 切開部のいずれかの側に対しMastisol(登録商標)Skin Adhesiveを適用した。
・ 切開部の縁部を対面させ、Steri-Strips(商標)及び標準的包帯で閉じた。
・ 超音波機及びプローブを用いて、超音波技師によってプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの近位及び遠位端部の深さが確認された。
対象は、以下の順序で試験を受けた:
・ 臨床医が、設置された(すなわち挿入された)プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの位置を突きとめ、マーキングした。
・ 超音波技師が、超音波を用いてプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの深さを確認した。
・ 撤去部位はChlora Prep(登録商標)で清浄され、それに続いて臨床医は、切開を行なうべき場所にプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの先端部を不動化しテント状の部分を創出した。
・ リドカインが装置のテント状にされた先端部に注入され、これに続いて、刃が金属先端部に接触したと臨床医が感じるまで、装置上で下方に外科用メスの刃を用いて小さく(切り傷)切開が行なわれた。その後切開部を通って装置が撤去された。
・ およそ3ないし5分間滅菌ガーゼで切開部位に対し直接定常圧力を加えることによって、止血を達成した。
・ ひとたび止血を達成した時点で、切開部をSteri-Strips(商標)及び標準的包帯で閉じた。
・ 撤去セッションの後、臨床医は、そのプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプ撤去体験に関する主観的な印象を得るための質問を受け、いくつかのアンケートの記入を依頼された。
設置及び撤去処置の要約
主要評価項目は、熟練グループと非熟練グループ間で同じであった。両方のグループ共、全てのプラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプを適切に設置した(表2、n=20、各グループ内の対象10名、100%)。
研究の間、臨床的に有意な臨床検査又は理学的検査の発見事実は全く存在しなかった。研究の間、プラシーボ浸透圧ミニポンプの設置及び撤去は、対象の体内で充分に忍容された。予想外の安全上の懸案事項は全く識別されなかった。
(i)設置用ガイドのパイロットチューブの内部を自由に回転できる設置用カニューレの能力は、インプラントの挿入の容易さと正確さを改善することが発見された。インプラントを移植する前の、切開部内へのカニューレの挿入中、設置用ツールの取っ手部分及びカニューレは、概して、術者の利き手によって、時計回り及び反時計回り方向で左右に、例えば設置用ガイド上のパイロットチューブの中央長手方向軸に対して約10時ないし約2時の間の区間又は範囲内で正転及び逆転された。このような回転は、設置用ガイドが患者の皮膚の表面上で回転することなく実質的に不動の状態にとどまっている一方で、設置用ツール及びガイドの素早い使用を可能にし、損傷又はあざを最小限にとどめる又は全く無くした状態で、異なる患者の体内のさまざまな形状及びタイプの組織内へのカニューレの滑らかでかつ制御された進行を促進した。
(ii)利き手でない手を用いた設置用ガイドの比較的ハンズフリーの操作が、設置処置を最適化することが発見された。ヒトの死体や生きたブタモデルのより乾燥した組織よりもさらに保湿された組織を有する生きたヒトの対象の組織の中へのインプラントの適切な挿入には、概して、カニューレが組織内に前進するにつれて挿入の両側で皮膚の外部表面が「膨れ上がる」又は「押し返される」、「アコーデオン効果」の発生を防止するために、或る程度の対向牽引力が必要とされた。対向牽引力は、ヒトの死体や生きたブタモデルのより乾燥した組織に比べてこの効果を受けやすい生きたヒトの組織にとって、非常に厄介なものであることが判明した。このような対向牽引力は、可能なかぎり挿入部の近くで、挿入部の片側又は両側で皮膚の外部表面に直接、利き手でない手の指/親指を用いて最もうまく加えることができるということが発見された。したがって、比較的幅広(例えば約80mm超)のガイド、又は、患者の皮膚の外部表面上に利き手でない手でつかまれる若しくは押圧されるように設計されたガイドは、挿入部の両側における皮膚の外部表面の「膨れ上がり」(又は「押し返し」)を防げなかったことを理由として、問題の多いものであることが判明した。対照的に、例えば図5A~Eに示されたものなどの比較的幅狭(例えば約15mmないし約35mm)のガイドは、比較的狭いガイドの片側又は両側で比較的挿入部の近くで患者の皮膚の外部表面に対して直接、利き手でない手の指/親指を用いて臨床医が対向牽引力を加えることを可能にするため、より優れていることが判明した。
(iii)設置用ガイド上の視認開口部も同様に、インプラントの挿入の容易さ及び正確さを改善することが分かった。パイロットチューブを通ってガイド下に全体が延在する状態のカニューレの全長よりも長い視認開口部を有するガイドが好まれた。このような長さの視認開口部によって、ガイドは、全体が延在する状態のカニューレの鋭い先端部から張り出し、こうして鋭い先端部からの一定の保護を提供した。さらに、この長さの視認開口部は、挿入中に、前進するカニューレの全長の直ぐ上の皮膚の外部表面を臨床医が観察し触れることができるようにした。皮膚表面下に挿入されたカニューレの全長の視認及び動悸によって、臨床医は、カニューレの適切な挿入ひいてはインプラントの適切な設置を、処置の全行程にわたり監視し確認することができた。
Claims (10)
- インプラント撤去用ツールにおいて、
第1のアームと、
少なくとも使用中は前記第1のアームから離隔されかつ前記第1のアームに対し実質的に平行であるように構成された第2のアームと、
前記第1及び第2のアームを連結するための連結用構造と、
前記第1のアームの遠位端部に配置された第1の開口部と、
前記第2のアームの遠位端部に配置された第2の開口部と、
を含み、
前記第1の開口部が、位置付けされたインプラントの第1の端部を包囲するように構成され、
前記第2の開口部が、前記位置付けされたインプラントの第2の端部を包囲するように構成され、
前記アームが接近させられるにつれて前記第1のアームと第2のアームの間の距離を維持するように、係止用装置が構成され、
前記第1及び第2のアーム、前記第1及び第2の端部、並びに、前記連結用構造は、1つ以上の一定長のワイヤから製造される、インプラント撤去用ツール。 - 前記係止用装置が、ラチェット機構を含む、請求項1に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
- 前記係止用装置が、摩擦係止機構を含む、請求項1に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
- 前記第1の開口部及び第2の開口部は、ステンレス鋼ワイヤから形成される、請求項1に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
- 前記第1の開口部及び第2の開口部は、全体的に丸形、卵形又は方形の形状である、請求項4に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
- 前記第1の開口部は、ステンレス鋼ワイヤの第1の端部に形成されており、前記第2の開口部は、前記ステンレス鋼ワイヤの第2の端部に形成されている、請求項1に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
- 前記ワイヤは、前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームを含む、又は、前記第1のアーム及び前記第2のアームに取付けられている、請求項6に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
- 前記連結用構造が、バネ又はコイルを含む、請求項1に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
- さらに取っ手を含み、前記取っ手が、
前記第1のアームに取付けられた第1の握りと、
前記第2のアームに取付けられた第2の握りと、
前記第1のアームと前記第2のアームの間でステンレス鋼ワイヤに沿って位置するコネクタ部品と、
を含む、請求項1に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。 - 前記第1及び第2のアーム、前記第1及び第2の端部、並びに、前記連結用構造は、単一の一定長のワイヤから製造される、請求項1に記載のインプラント撤去用ツール。
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