CN1756752A - 取代的2-吖丁啶酮化合物、其制剂及其治疗高胆甾醇血症的用途 - Google Patents
取代的2-吖丁啶酮化合物、其制剂及其治疗高胆甾醇血症的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1756752A CN1756752A CNA2004800060577A CN200480006057A CN1756752A CN 1756752 A CN1756752 A CN 1756752A CN A2004800060577 A CNA2004800060577 A CN A2004800060577A CN 200480006057 A CN200480006057 A CN 200480006057A CN 1756752 A CN1756752 A CN 1756752A
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- alkylidene group
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- alkyl
- compound
- aryl
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Abstract
本发明提供取代的式(I) 2-吖丁啶酮化合物,及其制剂和制备该化合物的方法,所述化合物可用于在患者中治疗血管疾病,例如动脉粥样硬化或高胆甾醇血症、糖尿病、肥胖症、中风、脱髓鞘及降低血浆甾醇和/或甾烷醇水平。
Description
相关申请的交叉参照
本申请要求2003年3月7日提交的美国临时专利申请系列号60/452809的优先权益,其通过引用结合到本文中。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及用于治疗血管疾病和脂血症的取代的2-吖丁啶酮化合物、及其相关的制剂和方法。
在西方世界,粥样硬化冠心病(CHD)是死亡和血管发病的主要原因。粥样硬化冠心病的危险因素包括高血压、糖尿病、家族史、男性、吸烟以及高血清胆甾醇。超过225-250mg/dl的总胆甾醇水平与CHD风险显著加大相关。对于患CHD或具有CHD风险的替代症(equivalent)的患者,新修订的NCEP ATP III低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)目标为<100mg/dL(2.59mmol/L);对于具有两个或更多个风险因素的个体,其NCEP ATP III低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)目标位为<130mg/dL(3.37mmol/L);而对于具有两个以下风险因素的个体,其NCEP ATP III低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)目标位为<160mg/dL(4.14mmol/L)。
调整哺乳动物和动物全身胆甾醇体内平衡涉及调整饮食胆甾醇和调节胆甾醇的生物合成、胆酸生物合成和含胆甾醇血浆脂蛋白的分解代谢。肝脏是负责胆甾醇生物合成和分解代谢的主要器官,因此其为血浆胆甾醇水平的根本的决定因素。肝脏是合成和分泌极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)的部位,极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)随后在循环中代谢为低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。LDL在血浆中是主要的携带胆甾醇的脂蛋白,其浓度升高与动脉粥样硬化增加相关。当无论何种方式导致肠内胆甾醇吸收减少时,运至肝脏的胆甾醇就会减少。该作用的后果是肝脂蛋白(VLDL)生成减少,肝清除血浆胆甾醇增加,血浆胆甾醇大多数是LDL。因此,抑制肠内胆甾醇吸收的净效果是降低血浆胆甾醇水平和降低动脉粥样硬化损害形成的发展。
美国专利号5,767,115、5,624,920、5,668,990、5,656,624和5,688,787分别公开了用于降低胆甾醇和/或抑制哺乳动物动脉壁上含胆甾醇损害形成的羟基取代的2-吖丁啶酮化合物和取代的β-内酰胺化合物。美国专利号5,756,470、美国专利申请号2002/0137690、美国专利申请号2002/0137689以及PCT专利申请号WO 2002/066464公开了用于预防或治疗动脉粥样硬化以及降低血浆胆甾醇水平的糖取代的2-吖丁啶酮和氨基酸取代的2-吖丁啶酮。
美国专利号5,846,966和5,661,145分别公开了采用此类羟基取代的2-吖丁啶酮化合物或取代的β-内酰胺化合物与HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂化合物联合用药抑制动脉粥样硬化和降低血浆胆甾醇水平的治疗方法,HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂化合物通过阻断羟甲基戊二酰基辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶(肝脏胆甾醇合成中的限速酶)起作用。
尽管在治疗血管疾病中有新的进展,仍然需要用于提供更有效的治疗高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化以及其它血管疾病的改进的化合物、组合物及治疗方法。
发明概述
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种由结构式(I)代表的化合物:
或式(I)化合物的药学上可接受的异构体、盐、溶剂合物或酯,
其中在上式(I)中:
X、Y和Z可以相同或不同,各自独立选自-CH2-、-CH(烷基)-和-C(烷基)2-;
Q1和Q2可以相同或不同,各自独立选自H、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-OR6、-OC(O)R6、-OC(O)OR9、-OC(O)NR6R7和-L-M;
Q3是1至5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、链烯基、炔基、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)OR9、-CH=CH-C(O)R6、-CH=CH-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-CN、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-O-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6NR7C(O)OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)(芳基)-N-N=N-、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)NR6R7、-NO2、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-O-(C2-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-NR6C(O)R7、-NR6C(O)OR9、-NR6C(O)NR7R8、-NR6S(O)0-2R9、-N(S(O)0-2R9)2、-CHNOR6、-C(O)NR6R7、-C(O)NR6NR6R7、-S(O)0-2NR6R7、-S(O)0-2R9、-O-C(O)-(Cl-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-NR6C(O)O-(烷芳基)、-P(O)(OR10)2、-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OSi(烷基)3、-CF3、-OCF3、卤代、烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基羰基烷氧基、烷氧基芳基烷氧基、烷氧基亚氨基烷基、烷二酰基(alkyldioyl)、烯丙氧基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、芳酰基、芳酰氧基、芳酰基芳酰氧基、芳基烷氧基羰基、苯甲酰基苯甲酰氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烷氧基、二氧戊环基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、杂环基羰基、杂环基羰基烷氧基和-L-M;
Q4是1至5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、链烯基、炔基、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)OR9、-CH=CH-C(O)R6、-CH=CH-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-CN、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-O-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6NR7C(O)OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)(芳基)-N-N=N-、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)NR6R7、-NO2、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-O-(C2-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-NR6C(O)R7、-NR6C(O)OR9、-NR6C(O)NR7R8、-NR6S(O)0-2R9、-N(S(O)0-2R9)2、-CHNOR6、-C(O)NR6R7、-C(O)NR6NR6R7、-S(O)0-2NR6R7、-S(O)0-2R9、-O-C(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-NR6C(O)O-(烷芳基)、-P(O)(OR10)2、-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OSi(烷基)3、-CF3、-OCF3、卤代、烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基羰基烷氧基、烷氧基芳基烷氧基、烷氧基亚氨基烷基、烷二酰基、烯丙氧基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、芳酰基、芳酰氧基、芳酰基芳酰氧基、芳基烷氧基羰基、苯甲酰基苯甲酰氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烷氧基、二氧戊环基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、杂环基羰基、杂环基羰基烷氧基及-L-M;
Q5是1至5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、链烯基、炔基、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)OR9、-CH=CH-C(O)R6、-CH=CH-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-CN、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-O-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6NR7C(O)OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)(芳基)-N-N=N-、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)NR6R7、-NO2、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-O-(C2-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-NR6C(O)R7、-NR6C(O)OR9、-NR6C(O)NR7R8、-NR6S(O)0-2R9、-N(S(O)0-2R9)2、-CHNOR6、-C(O)NR6R7、-C(O)NR6NR6R7、-S(O)0-2NR6R7、-S(O)0-2R9、-O-C(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-NR6C(O)O-(烷芳基)、-P(O)(OR10)2、-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OSi(烷基)3、-CF3、-OCF3、卤代、烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基羰基烷氧基、烷氧基芳基烷氧基、烷氧基亚氨基烷基、烷二酰基、烯丙氧基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、芳酰基、芳酰氧基、芳酰基芳酰氧基、芳基烷氧基羰基、苯甲酰基苯甲酰氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烷氧基、二氧戊环基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、杂环基羰基、杂环基羰基烷氧基及-L-M;
其中Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5的-(C0-C30亚烷基)-基团的一个或多个碳原子任选独立被-O-、-C(O)-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-N(烷基)-、-N(烷芳基)-或-NH-置换;
G选自糖残基、二糖残基、三糖残基、四糖残基、糖酸、氨基糖、氨基酸残基、含2至9个氨基酸的寡肽残基、三烷基铵烷基及-S(O)2-OH,其中G的糖残基、二糖残基、三糖残基、四糖残基、糖酸、氨基糖、氨基酸残基或寡肽残基任选被-L-M取代;
L选自:
其中Me是甲基;
M选自:
和
R2和R3可以相同或不同,且各自独立选自氢、烷基和芳基;
R6、R7和R8可以相同或不同,且各自独立选自氢、烷基、芳基和芳烷基;并且
每个R9独立为烷基、芳基或芳烷基。
每个R10独立为H或烷基;
q是0或1;
r是0或1;
m、n和p独立选自0、1、2、3或4;条件是q和r中至少一个是1,并且m、n、p、q和r之和是1、2、3、4、5或6;以及条件是当p是0且r是1时,m、q和n之和是1、2、3、4或5;
x1是1-10;
x2是1-10;
x3是1-10;
x4是1-10;
x5是1-10;
x6是1-10;和
x7是1-10;
条件是Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5中的至少一个是-L-M,或G的糖残基、二糖残基、三糖残基、四糖残基、糖酸、氨基糖、氨基酸残基或寡肽残基被-L-M取代。
还提供包含治疗学上有效量的上述化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药用制剂或组合物,所述药用制剂或组合物用于在患者中治疗或预防血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖症、中风、降低哺乳动物血浆中甾醇或甾烷醇(stanol)浓度、预防脱髓鞘或治疗早老性痴呆和/或调节淀粉状蛋白β肽水平。
还提供在患者中治疗或预防血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖症、中风、降低哺乳动物中血浆甾醇或甾烷醇浓度、预防脱髓鞘或治疗早老性痴呆和/或调节淀粉状蛋白β肽水平的方法,该方法包括给予有需要此种治疗的患者有效量的上述式(I)化合物的步骤。
除了在操作实施例中,或除另有说明外,应该理解在本说明书和权利要求书中用于表示成分的量、反应条件等的所有数字在任何情况下均用“约”修饰。
详述
在其多个实施方案中,本发明提供一类新的以上式(I)化合物、制备这类化合物的方法、包含一种或多种这类化合物的药用制剂或组合物、制备所述制剂和组合物的方法以及治疗、预防、抑制或缓解与血管疾病或其它病症(例如以下详细论述的病症)相关的一或多种病症或疾病的方法。
式(I)化合物能在体内代谢形成甾醇和/或甾烷醇吸收抑制剂化合物和甾醇生物合成抑制剂化合物。本文中所用的“甾醇吸收抑制剂”表示当给予患者或人治疗有效(抑制甾醇吸收)的量时,能够抑制一种或多种甾醇吸收的化合物,所述甾醇包括但不限于胆甾醇和植物甾醇(例如谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和燕麦甾醇(avenosterol))。“甾烷醇吸收抑制剂″表示当给予患者或人治疗有效(抑制甾烷醇吸收)的量时,能够抑制一种或多种5α-甾烷醇(例如胆甾烷醇、5α-菜油甾烷醇(campestanol)、5α-谷甾烷醇(sitostanol)吸收的化合物。所述甾醇或甾烷醇吸收抑制剂可抑制胆甾醇从肠腔吸收进入肠细胞,从而分别导致肠甾醇或甾烷醇向肝脏的输送减少。“甾醇生物合成抑制剂″指阻断羟甲基戊二酰基辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶的化合物,例如3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基辅酶A(HMG CoA)还原酶抑制剂,所述还原酶是肝脏胆甾醇合成的限速酶。
在另一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物可能具有双重功能,即既能够发挥甾醇和/或甾烷醇吸收抑制性质,又能阻断羟甲基戊二酰基辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶。
现提及式(I),在本发明的一个实施方案中,X、Y和Z各自为-CH2-。
优选m、n、p、q和r之和是2、3或4,更优选是3。还优选其中p、q和n各自为0,r为1和m是2或3的式(I)化合物。
在一个实施方案中,m、n和r各自为0,q为1,p为2,及Z是-CH2-。还优选其中m、n和r各自为0,q为1,p为2,及Z是-CH2-,Q1是-OR6的化合物,其中R6是氢和Q5是氟。
优选R2和R3各自为氢。
在一个实施方案中,Q1和Q2可以是-OR6,其中R6是氢或容易代谢为羟基的基团(例如如上定义的-O(CO)R6、-O(CO)OR9和-O(CO)NR6R7)。
在另一个实施方案中,Q4是卤代或-OR6。
在另一个实施方案中,Q1是-OR6,其中R6是H。
仍在另一个实施方案中,Q1是-L-M。
在另一个实施方案中,Q2是-L-M。
在另一个实施方案中,Q3是-L-M。
在另一个实施方案中,Q4是-L-M。
在另一个实施方案中,Q5是-L-M。
在另一个实施方案中,Q5是卤代。
在另一个实施方案中,Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4或Q5独立为-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G。在另一个实施方案中,Q1、Q2或Q3独立为-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G。在另一个实施方案中,Q1或Q3独立为-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G。
在一个实施方案中,G选自:
(糖残基)
其中R、Ra和Rb可以相同或不同,且各自独立选自H、-OH、卤代、-NH2、叠氮基、烷氧基烷氧基或-W-R30;
W独立选自-NH-C(O)-、-O-C(O)-、-O-C(O)-N(R31)-、-NH-C(O)-N(R31)-和-O-C(S)-N(R31)-;
R2a和R6a可以相同或不同,且各自独立选自H、烷基、乙酰基、芳基以及芳烷基;
R3a、R4a、R5a、R7a、R3b和R4b可以相同或不同,各自独立选自H、烷基、乙酰基、芳烷基、-C(O)烷基和-C(O)芳基;
R30独立选自R32取代的T、R32取代的-T-烷基、R32取代的链烯基、R32取代的烷基、R32取代的环烷基以及R32取代的环烷基烷基;
R31独立选自H和烷基;
T独立选自苯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、噻二唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基和吡啶基;
R32是1至3个取代基,所述取代基各自独立选自H、卤代、烷基、-OH、苯氧基、-CF3、-NO2、烷氧基、亚甲二氧基、氧代、烷基硫烷基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、-N(CH3)2、-C(O)-NH烷基、-C(O)-N(烷基)2、-C(O)-烷基、-C(O)-烷氧基以及吡咯烷基羰基;或R32是共价键,且R31与其连接的氮和R32形成吡咯烷基、哌啶基、N-甲基哌嗪基、二氢吲哚基或吗啉基,或烷氧基羰基取代的吡咯烷基、哌啶基、N-甲基哌嗪基、二氢吲哚基或吗啉基。
在另一个实施方案中,G选自:
其中Ac是乙酰基,及Ph是苯基。
在另一个实施方案中,任选Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5的-(C0-C30亚烷基)-基团的一个或多个碳原子独立被以下基团置换:-O-、-C(O)-、CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-N(烷基)-、-N(烷芳基)-或-NH-,优选-O-。
所述-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G取代基优选在与其连接的苯环的4位。
在一个实施方案中,L是
优选x1是1-3,且更优选x1是3。
在一个实施方案中,M是
在另一个实施方案中,M是
在另一个实施方案中,M是
在另一个实施方案中,M是
在另一个实施方案中,M是
本发明的一个实施方案是式(II)化合物
本发明的另一个实施方案是式(III)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(IV)化合物
本发明的另一个实施方案是式(V)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(VI)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(VII)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(VIII)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(IX)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(X)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(XI)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(XII)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(XIII)化合物
本发明的一个实施方案是式(XIV)化合物
当任何式(II-XIV)化合物被代谢后,可形成的化合物(甾醇和/或甾烷醇吸收抑制剂)之一由下式(XV)(依泽替米贝(ezetimibe))或式(XV)化合物的药学上可接受的盐、酯或溶剂合物代表:
可选择的或另外的,当任一个式(II)、(VII)或(IX-XIII)化合物被代谢时,可形成的化合物(甾醇生物合成抑制剂)由下式(XVI)(辛伐他汀的开环酸形式)和(XVII)(辛伐他汀)代表:
可选择的或另外的,当任何式(III)或(VIII)化合物被代谢时,可形成的化合物(甾醇生物合成抑制剂)由下式(XVIII)(开环酸洛伐他汀)和(IX)(洛伐他汀)代表:
类似地,当式(IV)化合物被代谢时,可形成的化合物(甾醇生物合成抑制剂)包括阿托伐他汀及阿托伐他汀的开环酸形式。同样地,当式(V)化合物被代谢时,可形成的化合物(甾醇生物合成抑制剂)包括罗苏伐他汀及罗苏伐他汀的开环酸形式。类似地,当式(VI)化合物被代谢时,可形成的化合物(甾醇生物合成抑制剂)包括普伐他汀及普伐他汀的开环酸形式。
如同以上和本说明书全文中所使用的那样,除另有所指外,应该理解以下术语具有以下含义:
“患者”包括哺乳动物和非哺乳动物。
“哺乳动物”包括人和其它哺乳动物。
以上的描述,例如,称其中Q1和Q2独立选自一组取代基,意指Q1和Q2是独立选择的,而且当一个分子中的Q1和Q2变量出现一次以上时,那些出现的变量是独立选择的(例如如果Q1是其中R6是氢的-OR6,那么Q2可以是其中R6是烷基的-OR6)。本领域技术人员会认识到取代基的大小和性质会影响可能存在的取代基的数目。
术语“任选取代的”表示任选由特定的基团、游离基或部分取代。应该注意到本文的正文、流程、实施例和表格中具有不饱和价的任何原子具有使其价饱和的氢原子。
除另有所指外,无论单独使用术语本身还是与其它术语合用,适用以下定义。因此,“烷基”的定义适用“烷基”以及“羟基烷基”、“卤代烷基”、“烷氧基”等的“烷基”部分。
本文中所用的术语“烷基”表示可为直链或支链的并在链中包含1至约20个碳原子的脂肪烃。优选的烷基在链中包含1至约12个碳原子。更优选的烷基在链中包含1至约6个碳原子。“支链”表示一个或多个低级烷基(例如甲基、乙基或丙基)连接在线性烷基链上。“低级烷基”表示在可以是直链或支链的链中具有约1至约6个碳原子的基团。所述烷基可被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:卤代、芳基、环烷基、氰基、羟基、烷氧基、烷硫基、氨基、-NH(烷基)、-NH(环烷基)、-N(烷基)2(所述烷基可以相同或不同)、羧基和-C(O)O-烷基。合适的烷基的非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、庚基、壬基、癸基、氟代甲基、三氟甲基和环丙基甲基。
“链烯基”表示链中包含具有一个或多个双键的脂肪烃基团(直链或分支碳链),其可以共轭或非共轭。有用的链烯基在链中可包含2至约15个碳原子,优选在链中含2至约12个碳原子,更优选在链中含2至约6个碳原子。“低级链烯基”表示在可以是直链或支链的链中具有2至约6个碳原子。所述链烯基可被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:卤代、烷基、芳基、环烷基、氰基和烷氧基。合适的链烯基的非限制性实例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、正丁烯基、3-甲基丁烯基和正戊烯基。
当烷基或链烯基链与其它两个变量结合,而成为二价时,分别使用术语亚烷基和亚链烯基。
“烷氧基”指烷基-O-基团,其中烷基如前所述。有用的烷氧基可包含1至约12个碳原子,优选1至约6个碳原子。合适的烷氧基的非限制性实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基和丙氧基。烷氧基的烷基通过醚氧与相邻部分连接。
“烷氧基芳基烷氧基”表示烷基-O-芳基-亚烷基-O-基团,其中烷基、亚烷基和芳基如前所述。有用的烷氧基芳基烷氧基可包含7至约26个碳原子,优选7至约12个碳原子。合适的烷氧基芳基烷氧基的非限制性实例为甲氧基苄氧基。烷氧基芳基烷氧基通过醚氧与相邻部分连接。
“烷氧基羰基烷氧基”表示烷基-O-C(O)-亚烷基-O-基团,其中烷基和亚烷基如前所述。有用的烷氧基羰基烷氧基可包含3至约12个碳原子,优选3至约8个碳原子。合适的烷氧基羰基烷氧基的非限制性实例是CH3CH2-O-C(O)-CH2-O-。烷氧基羰基烷氧基通过醚氧与相邻部分连接。
“烷氧基亚氨基烷基”表示烷基-O-N=CH-亚烷基-基团,其中烷基和亚烷基如前所述。有用的烷氧基亚氨基烷基可包含2至约12个碳原子,优选2至约8个碳原子。烷氧基亚氨基烷基通过亚烷基与相邻部分连接。
“烷二酰基”表示ROC(O)-亚烷基-C(O)-O-基团,其中R是烷基或H,及亚烷基如前所述。有用的烷二酰基包含2至约12个碳原子,优选2至约8个碳原子。合适的烷二酰基的非限制性实例包括1,3-丙二醇。烷二酰基通过酯氧与相邻部分连接。
“炔基”表示包含至少-个碳-碳三键的脂肪烃基团,该基团可以是直链或支链,在链中包含约2至约15个碳原子。优选的炔基在链中具有2至约12个碳原子;而更优选在链中有约2至约4个碳原子。支链表示一个或多个低级烷基(例如甲基、乙基或丙基)与直链炔基链连接。“低级炔基”表示在可以是直链或支锭的链中具有约2至约6个碳原子。合适的炔基的非限制性实例包括乙炔基、丙炔基、2-丁炔基、3-甲基丁炔基、正戊炔基及癸炔基。所述炔基可被一个或多个可以相同或不同的取代基取代,各个取代基独立选自烷基、芳基和环烷基。
“烯丙氧基”表示H2C=CH-O-。烯丙氧基通过醚氧与相邻部分连接。
“芳基”表示含有约5至约14个碳原子,优选约6至约10个碳原子的芳族单环或多环系统。芳基可被一个或多个可以相同或不同的“环系取代基”取代,所述取代基如同本文所定义。合适的芳基的非限制性实例包括苯基、萘基、茚基、四氢化萘基和2,3-二氢化茚基。“亚芳基”表示包括邻位、间位和对位取代的二价苯基。
“芳烷基”或“芳基烷基”表示芳基-亚烷基-基团,其中芳基和亚烷基如前所述。优选的芳烷基包含低级烷基。合适的芳烷基的非限制实例包括苄基、苯乙基和萘基甲基。芳烷基通过亚烷基与相邻部分连接。
“芳氧基”表示芳基-O-基团,其中芳基如前所述。合适的芳氧基的非限制实例包括苯氧基和萘氧基。通过醚氧与母体部分结合。
“芳烷氧基”或“芳基烷氧基”表示芳烷基-O-基团,其中芳烷基如前所述。合适的芳烷氧基的非限制实例包括苄氧基和1-或2-萘基甲氧基。通过醚氧与母体部分结合。“芳烷氧基羰基”表示芳烷氧基-C(O)-基团,其中芳烷氧基如前所述。
“芳酰基”表示芳基-C(O)-基团,其中芳基如前所述。通过羰基与母体部分结合。合适基团的非限制实例包括苯甲酰基和1-及2-萘甲酰基。
“芳酰氧基”表示芳酰基-O-基团,其中芳酰基如前所述。通过醚氧与母体部分结合。合适基团的非限制实例包括苯甲酰氧基和1-及2-萘酰氧基。
“环烷基”表示含有约3至约10个碳原子,优选约5至约10个碳原子的非芳族单环或多环系统。优选的环烷基环含约5至约7个环原子。环烷基可被一个或多个可以相同或不同的“环系取代基”取代,所述取代基如同下文所定义。合适的单环环烷基的非限制实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。合适多环环烷基的非限制实例包括1-萘烷基、降冰片烷基、金刚烷基等。“环亚烷基”是指相应的二价环,其中与其它基团的连接点包括所有位置异构体。
“二氧戊环基”表示
“卤代”是指氟、氯、溴或碘基团。优选氟代、氯代或溴代,更优选氟代和氯代。
“杂芳基”表示约5至约14个环原子,优选约5至约10个环原子的单环或多环芳环系统,其中所述环系统中的一个或多个原子是非碳原子,例如氮、氧或硫。所述杂原子中断碳环结构,且具有提供芳族特性的足够数量的离域pi电子,条件是所述环不含相邻氧和/或硫原子。优选的杂芳基含约5至约6个环原子。“杂芳基”可被一个或多个可以相同或不同的“环系取代基”任选取代,所述取代基如同本文所定义。杂芳基根名前的前缀氮杂、氧杂或硫杂分别表示至少一个氮、氧或硫原子作为环原子存在。杂芳基的氮原子可被氧化形成相应的N-氧化物。所有区域异构体,例如2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基和4-吡啶基,都在本发明范围内。有用的6元杂芳基的实例包括吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基等及其N-氧化物。有用的5元杂芳基环的实例包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基和异噁唑基。有用的二环基团是从以上命名的杂芳基衍生的苯并稠合环系统,例如喹啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、喹唑啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基和吲哚基。
“杂芳基烷基”或“杂芳烷基”表示杂芳基-亚烷基-基团,其中杂芳基和烷基如前所述。优选的杂芳烷基包含低级烷基。合适的杂芳烷基的非限制性实例包括吡啶基甲基、2-(呋喃-3-基)乙基和喹啉-3-基甲基。通过亚烷基与母体部分结合。“杂芳基烷氧基”表示杂芳基-亚烷基-O-基团,其中杂芳基和亚烷基如前所定义。
“杂环基”表示含约3至约10个环原子,优选约5至约10个环原子的非芳族饱和单环或多环系统,其中环系统中的一个或多个原子是非碳元素,例如氮、氧或硫(单独或结合存在)。环系统中不存在相邻的氧和/或硫原子。优选的杂环基含约5至约6个环原子。杂环基根名前的前缀氮杂、氧杂或硫杂分别表示至少一个氮、氧或硫原子作为环原子存在。杂环基可被一个或多个可以相同或不同的“环系取代基”任选取代,所述取代基如同本文所定义。杂环基的氮或硫原子可任选被氧化为相应的N-氧化物、S-氧化物或S,S-二氧化物。合适的单环杂环基环的非限制实例包括哌啶基、吡咯烷基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、噻唑烷基、1,3-二氧戊环基、1,4-二氧六环基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢噻喃基等。
“杂环基烷基”表示杂环基-亚烷基-基团,其中杂环基和亚烷基如前所述。优选的杂环基烷基包含低级亚烷基。通过亚烷基与母体部分结合。“杂环基羰基”表示杂环基-C(O)-基团,其中杂环基如前所述。优选的杂环基羰基含有低级烷基。通过羰基与母体部分结合。“杂环基羰基烷氧基”表示杂环基-C(O)-烷氧基-基团,其中杂环基和烷氧基如前所述。
“环系取代基”表示与芳环系或非芳环系连接的取代基,所述环系例如取代环系上的可利用的氢。环系取代基可以相同或不同,各自独立选自芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基、芳链烯基、杂芳烷基、烷基杂芳基、杂芳链烯基、羟基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、酰基、芳酰基、卤代、硝基、氰基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、芳氧基羰基、芳烷氧基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳烷硫基、杂芳基烷硫基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环基、杂环烯基、Y1Y2N-、Y1Y2N-烷基-、Y1Y2NC(O)-和Y1Y2NSO2-,其中Y1和Y2可以相同或不同,且独立选自氢、烷基、芳基和芳烷基。
“糖残基”表示从具有3至7个碳原子并且可属于D或L系列的醛糖或酮糖中衍生的部分。可形成糖残基的合适醛糖的非限制性实例包括葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、核糖、赤藓糖和甘油醛。可形成糖残基的合适酮糖的非限制性实例是果糖。
“二糖残基”表示从可水解为两个单糖分子的糖中衍生的部分。可形成二糖残基的合适化合物的非限制性实例包括麦芽糖、乳糖、纤维二糖和蔗糖。
糖残基和二糖残基的实例包括以上详细列举的那些G部分。
通过两个或多个糖乙缩醛样结合形成二、三或四糖。所述键可以是α或β型。“三糖残基”表示从可水解成三个单糖分子的糖中衍生的部分。“四糖残基”表示从可水解成四个单糖分子的糖中衍生的部分。
如果所述糖被取代,该取代优选在所述糖的OH基团的氢原子上。
“糖酸”表示糖残基,例如所述糖残基可由葡糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖酸、半乳糖酸、甘露糖酸、葡糖二酸和半乳糖二酸形成。
“氨基糖”表示例如可由葡糖亚胺、半乳糖胺、葡糖胺或3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇形成的氨基取代的糖残基。
用于糖的羟基的合适保护基团包括苄基、乙酰基、苯甲酰基、新戊酰基、三苯甲基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、亚苄基、亚环己基或亚异丙基保护基团。
“氨基酸残基”表示由氨基酸衍生的部分。所述氨基酸部分可由D或L型氨基酸制备。可制备氨基酸残基的合适氨基酸的非限制性实例包括丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、羟基赖氨酸、羟脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸(phenylanine)、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、2-氨基己二酸、3-氨基己二酸、β-丙氨酸、2-氨基丁酸、4-氨基丁酸、哌啶子基羧酸、6-氨基己酸、2-氨基庚酸、2-(2-噻吩基)甘氨酸、青霉胺、N-乙基天冬酰胺、2-氨基异丁酸、2-氨基异丁酸、2-氨基庚二酸、2,4-二氨基丁酸、锁链素(cesmosine)、2,2-二氨基庚二酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸、N-乙基甘氨酸、3-(2-噻吩基)丙氨酸、肌氨酸、N-甲基异亮氨酸、6-N-甲基赖氨酸、N-甲基缬氨酸、正缬氨酸、正亮氨酸、鸟氨酸以及N-甲基甘氨酸。
“寡肽残基”表示由上述2至9个氨基酸构成的肽的残基。
“三烷基铵烷基”表示以下基团
其中n1为0至10,Alk1、Al2和Alk3可以相同或不同,且各自为具有1至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。
本发明化合物具有至少一个不对称碳原子,因此可以认为式(I)化合物的所有异构体,包括对映体、立体异构体、旋转异构体、互变异构体及外消旋体(当它们存在时)是本发明的一部分。本发明包括纯品形式的d和l异构体及其混合物,包括外消旋混合物。可用常规技术,通过使旋光纯或富含旋光性的原料反应或通过分离式(I)化合物的异构体制备异构体。例如当存在双键时,异构体也可包括几何异构体。无论是结晶的还是无定形的,可认为式(I)化合物的多晶型也是本发明的一部分。
本领域技术人员会意识到对于某些式(I)化合物,一种异构体将会显示比其它异构体更强的药理活性。
具有氨基的本发明化合物可与有机和无机酸可形成药学上可接受的盐。形成盐的合适酸的实例是盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、丙二酸、水杨酸、苹果酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、抗坏血酸、马来酸、甲磺酸以及本领域技术人员众所周知的其它矿物酸和羧酸。通过使游离碱形式与足量的所需酸接触生成盐来制备所述盐。通过用合适碱的稀水溶液(例如碳酸氢钠稀水溶液)处理所述盐,可再生成所述游离碱形式。游离碱形式在某些物理性质(例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度)上与其相应的盐形式略有不同,但本发明中的盐却等同于其相应的游离碱形式。
本发明的某些化合物是酸性的(例如具有羧基的那些化合物)。这些化合物与无机和有机碱形成药学上可接受的盐。这样的盐的实例是钠、钾、钙、铝、金和银盐。还包括与药学上可接受的胺(例如氨、烷基胺、羟基烷基胺、N-甲基葡糖胺等)形成的盐。
具有羧酸基团的本发明化合物与醇可形成药学上可接受的酯。合适醇的实例包括甲醇和乙醇。
本发明化合物的前体药物和溶剂合物也包括在本文中。本文中使用的术语“前体药物”是指作为药物前体的化合物,其在给予患者后,通过代谢或化学处理进行化学转化,产生式I化合物或其盐和/或溶剂合物(例如前体药物在生理pH下或通过酶的作用转化为所需的药物形式)。在T.Higuchi和V.Stella,Pro-drugs as Novel DeliverySystems(1987)A.C.S.Symposium Series第14卷;和BioreversibleCarriers in Drug Design,(1987)Edward B.Roche,ed.,AmericanPharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press中提供前体药物论述,两者通过引用结合到本文中。
“溶剂合物”表示本发明化合物与一种或多种溶剂分子的物理缔合。这种物理缔合涉及不同程度的离子键和共价键(包括氢键)。在某些情况下,例如当一种或多种分子在结晶固体的晶格中结合时,所述溶剂合物能够分离。“溶剂合物”涵盖溶液相溶剂合物和可分离的溶剂合物。合适的溶剂合物的非限制性实例包括乙醇合物、甲醇合物等。“水合物”是其中溶剂分子是H2O的溶剂合物。
通常,式(I)化合物的2-吖丁啶酮部分可通过多种本领域技术人员众所周知的方法制备,例如在美国专利号5,631,365、5,767,115、5,846,966、6,207,822;PCT专利申请号02/079174和PCT专利申请WO 93/02048中公开的方法(其分别通过引用结合到本文中),以及以下的实施例的方法制备。优选2-吖丁啶酮由依泽替米贝制备,例如可通过常规分离方法,从ZETIA依泽替米贝制剂制备,所述制剂可从Schering-Plough Corporation购得。
制备分子-M部分的他汀类药物(statin)化合物可通过多种方法制备,例如制备M1的他汀类药物化合物可通过例如PCT WO98/12188、美国专利号5763653、5763646、4444784、4582915、4820850中公开的方法制备;或通过常规分离方法从ZOCOR辛伐他汀制剂制备,所述制剂可从Merck&Co.Inc.购得。制备M2的化合物可通过例如美国专利号4231938、4294926、美国专利5763653、4323648、4916239、5763646中公开的方法制备;或通过常规分离方法从MEVACOR洛伐他汀制剂制备,该制剂可从Merck&Co.Inc.购得。制备M3的化合物可通过例如美国专利号5273995、4681893、5969156中公开的方法制备;或通过常规分离方法从LIPITOR阿托伐他汀制剂制备,该制剂可从Pfizer购得。制备M4的化合物可通过例如美国专利号5260440中公开的方法制备;或通过常规分离方法从CRESTOR罗苏伐他汀制剂制备,该制剂可从AstraZeneca购得。制备M5的化合物可通过例如美国专利号5006530和5177080中公开的方法制备。制备M6的化合物可通过例如美国专利号5872130、5856336、5011930和5854259中公开的方法制备。制备M7的化合物可通过例如美国专利号4346227、4537859、4410629中公开的方法制备;或通过常规分离方法从PRAVACHOL普伐他汀制剂制备,该制剂可从Bristol-Myers Squibb购得。制备M8的化合物可通过例如美国专利号5354772和4739073中公开的方法制备;或通过常规分离方法从LESCOL氟伐他汀制剂制备,该制剂可从Novartis购得。
该分子的2-吖丁啶酮部分和分子的-M部分可通过例如以下流程2-6所示的连键(linker)-L-连接。制备连键
的合适化合物的非限制性实例如下所示由N-Boc-炔丙基胺制备:
其中Tf为三氟乙磺酸酯。
制备连键
的合适化合物的非限制性实例如下所示由3-溴丙胺制备:
制备连键
的合适化合物的非限制性实例如下所示由3-溴丙-1-醇三甲硅烷基醚制备:
制备连键
的合适化合物的非限制性实例如下所示分别由氯代乙酰氯或6-氯代己酰氯制备:
制备连键
的合适化合物的非限制性实例按如下所示的方式,分别由N-Boc-β-丙氨酸、N-Boc甘氨酸和N-Boc-6-氨基己酸制备:
制备连键
的合适化合物的非限制性实例可如下所示分别由乙酰氧基乙基二甲基氯代硅烷和1-氯代-(烯丙基)二甲基硅烷制备:
制备连键
的合适化合物的非限制性实例可如下所示由如上所示的乙酰氧基乙基二甲基氯代硅烷制备,再用甲磺酰氯进一步处理相应的游离醇,用叠氮化钠置换生成的甲磺酰基,并将叠氮化物还原,得到胺:
如上所示。
一般来说,式(I)化合物可通过在下面流程2-5中所述的通用途径制备。
流程2.通用合成方法:与辛伐他汀连接的依泽替米贝
通常,在流程2中,用氨基酸处理2-吖丁啶酮原料(例如依泽替米贝6),其中氨基酸中胺官能团可被适当的保护基团例如丁氧基羰基(Boc)和酰胺偶合试剂(例如1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺)封闭,得到保护的氨基酯,然后用温和的酸(例如三氟乙酸)处理,得到所需的胺取代的2-吖丁啶酮7。对于酰胺偶合反应,可选择不同的溶剂和添加剂,这对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。使胺取代的2-吖丁啶酮7与他汀类药物8(例如辛伐他汀)和吡啶反应,形成本发明化合物9。
流程3.通用合成方法:与洛伐他汀连接的依泽替米贝
通常,在流程3中,在酰胺偶合剂如1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺的存在下,用他汀类药物的羧酸盐(如洛伐他汀10)处理胺取代的2-吖丁啶酮7,形成本发明的化合物11。
流程4.通用合成方法:与普伐他汀连接的依泽替米贝
通常,在流程4中,在酰胺偶合剂如1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺的存在下,用他汀类药物的羧酸盐(如普伐他汀12)处理胺取代的2-吖丁啶酮7,形成本发明的化合物13。
流程5.通用合成方法:与阿托伐他汀连接的依泽替米贝
通常,在流程5中,在酰胺偶合剂如1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺的存在下,用他汀类药物的游离羧酸(如阿托伐他汀14)处理胺取代的2-吖丁啶酮7,形成本发明的化合物15。
式(I)化合物的日剂量范围可以是约0.1至约1000mg/日,优选约0.25至约100mg/日/,而更优选约5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90或100mg/日,以单剂量或以2-4个分剂量给药。但确切的剂量由主治医师决定,取决于给药化合物的效能、患者的年龄、体重、疾病状况和反应。短语“有效量”和“治疗有效量”表示式I化合物和以下描述的其它药理或治疗剂会引起组织、系统、动物或哺乳动物的生物或医学反应的量,该反应正是施药者(例如研究人员、医生或兽医)所探寻的,所述反应包括缓解所正在治疗的病症或疾病的症状以及预防、延缓或终止一种或多种以下病症,例如血管疾病,如高脂血症(例如动脉粥样硬化、高胆甾醇血症或谷甾醇血症(sitosterolemia))、血管炎、中风、糖尿病、肥胖症和/或降低患者血浆中甾醇(例如胆甾醇)或甾烷醇的水平。本文中使用的“血管”包括心血管、脑血管、外周血管及其组合。本发明的制剂或组合物、联合用药和治疗可通过任何合适的方法给予,所述方法使这些化合物与身体的作用部位(例如哺乳动物或人的血浆、肝脏或小肠)发生接触。
对于以上化合物的药学上可接受的盐给药,以上说明的重量是指由该盐衍生的治疗化合物的酸当量或碱当量的重量。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,组合物或治疗组合还可包含一种或多种药用制剂或治疗剂或药物,例如以下讨论的降脂药。本文中使用的“组合疗法”或“治疗组合”表示为预防或治疗上述病症所给予的两种或多种治疗药物例如式(I)化合物和降脂或抗高血压药物。这种给药包括按基本上同时的方式共同给予这些治疗剂,例如以具有固定比例活性成分的单个片剂或胶囊形式,或以各种治疗成分不同的多个胶囊形式同时给予。这样的给药还包括按顺序方式使用每种类型的治疗剂。无论在哪种情况下,使用组合疗法的治疗在治疗病症时可提供有益的效果。本文公开的组合疗法的潜在优点是可减少单个治疗化合物的必需量或治疗化合物有效治疗病症的整体总量。与单一疗法相比,使用治疗药物组合可减少单个化合物的副作用,这样可改善患者的依从性。还可选择治疗药物以提供更宽范围的可贺的(complimentary)效果或可贺的作用模式。
在本发明的组合物、治疗组合及方法中使用的其它胆甾醇生物合成抑制剂的非限制性实例包括角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、角鲨烯环氧酶抑制剂及其混合物。合适HMG CoA合成酶抑制剂的非限制性实例包括L-659,699((E,E)-11-[3′R-(羟基-甲基)-4′-氧代-2′R-氧杂环丁烷基]-3,5,7R-三甲基-2,4-十一碳二烯酸);角鲨烯合成抑制剂,例如角鲨烯抑素1(squalestatin 1);和角鲨烯环氧酶抑制剂,例如NB-598((E)-N-乙基-N-(6,6-二甲基-2-庚烯-4-炔基(hepten-4-ynyl))-3-[(3,3′-联噻吩(bithiophen)-5-基)甲氧基]苯-甲胺(methanamine)盐酸盐)以及其它甾醇生物合成抑制剂,例如DMP-565。通常,其它胆甾醇生物合成抑制剂的总日剂量范围可为约0.1至约160mg/日,优选约0.2至约80mg/日,以单剂量或2-3个分剂量给予。
在另一个优选实施方案中,所述组合物或治疗包括式(I)化合物与一种或多种过氧物酶体增殖剂激活的受体活化剂联合使用。在该实施方案中,过氧物酶体增殖剂激活的受体活化剂优选是贝特酸(fibric acid)衍生物,例如吉非贝齐、氯贝丁酯和/或非诺贝特。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物、治疗组合或方法还可包括与上述的式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的一种或多种胆汁酸螯合剂(不溶性阴离子交换树脂)。胆汁酸螯合剂在肠中结合胆汁酸,阻断胆汁酸的肠肝循环,导致粪便排泄类固醇增加。胆汁酸螯合剂可降低肝内胆甾醇和促进从血浆中结合LDL的apo B/E(LDL)受体的合成,以进一步降低血液胆甾醇水平。合适的胆汁酸螯合剂的非限制性实例包括考来烯胺(能够结合胆汁酸的含季铵阳离子基团的苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物,例如Bristol-Myers Squibb的QUESTRAN或QUESTRAN LIGHT考来烯胺)、考来替泊(二亚乙基三胺和1-氯-2,3-环氧丙烷的共聚物,例如Pharmacia的COLESTID片),及盐酸考来维仑(例如Sankyo的WelChol片(和表氯醇交联并用1-溴癸烷和溴化(6-溴己基)-三甲铵烷化的聚(盐酸烯丙基胺))。通常,胆汁酸螯合剂的总日剂量范围可为约1至约50g/日,优选约2至约16g/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给予。
在一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的一种或多种回肠胆汁酸转运(″IBAT″)抑制剂(或共同依赖胆汁酸转运的apical钠(″ASBT″)抑制剂)。IBAT抑制剂可抑制胆汁酸转运以降低LDL胆甾醇水平。合适的IBAT抑制剂的非限制性实例包括苯并硫杂庚英类(benzothiepines),例如包含2,3,4,5-四氢-1-苯并硫杂庚英1,1-二氧化物结构的治疗化合物,例如在PCT专利申请WO 00/38727中公开的化合物,该文献通过引用结合到本文中。通常,IBAT抑制剂的总日剂量范围可为约0.01至约1000mg/日,优选约0.1至约50mg/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给予。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的烟酸(烟碱酸)和/或其衍生物。本文所用的“烟酸衍生物”表示含吡啶-3-羧酸盐类结构或吡嗪-2-羧酸盐类结构的化合物,可能时包括酸形式、盐、酯、两性离子和互变异构体。烟酸衍生物的实例包括戊四烟酯、尼可呋糖和氯甲吡嗪(acipimox)(5-甲基吡嗪-2-羧酸4-氧化物)。烟酸及其衍生物抑制肝脏产生VLDL及其代谢物LDL,提高HDL和apo A-1水平。合适烟酸产物的实例是Kos的NIASPAN(烟酸缓释片)。通常,烟酸或其衍生物的总日剂量范围可为约500至约10,000mg/日,优选约1000至约8000mg/日,更优选为约3000至约6000mg/日,以单剂量或分剂量给予。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的可降低LDL和VLDL水平的一种或多种酰基CoA:胆甾醇O-酰基转移酶(″ACAT″)抑制剂。ACAT是负责酯化过量的细胞内胆甾醇的酶,它可减少胆甾醇酯化产物VLDL的合成,以及减少含apo B-100脂蛋白的过度生成。有用的ACAT抑制剂的非限制性实例包括阿伐麦布、HL-004、来西贝特(DuP-128)和CL-277082(N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-N-[[4-(2,2-二甲基丙基)苯基]甲基]-N-庚基脲)。见P.Chang等,″Current,New and FutureTreatments in Dyslipidaemia and Atherosclerosis″(异常脂血症和动脉粥样硬化的当前、新的和未来的治疗),
Drugs 2000 7月;60(1);55-93,其通过引用结合到本文中。通常,ACAT抑制剂的总日剂量范围可为约0.1至约1000mg/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的一种或多种胆甾醇酯转运蛋白(″CETP″)抑制剂。CETP负责交换或转运携带VLDL中的HDL和甘油三脂的胆甾醇酯。合适CETP抑制剂的非限制性实例是PCT专利申请号WO 00/38721和美国专利号6,147,090中公开的那些抑制剂,该文献通过引用结合到本文中。胰腺胆甾醇酯水解酶(pCEH)抑制剂例如WAY-121898也可以与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予。通常,CETP抑制剂的总日剂量范围可为约0.01至约1000mg/日,优选约0.5至约20mg/kg体重/日,以单剂量或分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的可降低LDL水平的丙丁酚或其衍生物(例如美国专利号6,121,319和6,147,250中公开的AGI-1067和其它衍生物)。通常,丙丁酚或其衍生物的总日剂量范围可为约10至约2000mg/日,优选约500至约1500mg/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体活化剂。合适的LDL-受体活化剂的非限制性实例包括一种直接激活LDL受体活性的咪唑烷基-嘧啶衍生物,HOE-402。见M.Huettinger等,″Hypolipidemic activity of HOE-402 is Mediated by Stimulation ofthe LDL Receptor Pathway″(通过刺激LDL受体途径介导HOE-402的降低血脂活性),Arterioscler.Thromb.1993;13:1005-12。通常,LDL受体活化剂的总日剂量范围可为约1至约1000mg/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的含ω-3脂肪酸(3-PUFA)的鱼油,其可降低VLDL和甘油三酯水平。通常,鱼油或ω-3脂肪酸的总日剂量范围可为约1至约30g/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的可降低胆甾醇水平的天然水溶性纤维,例如欧车前、瓜儿豆(guar)、燕麦及果胶。通常,天然水溶性纤维的总日剂量范围可为约0.1至约10g/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的可降低胆甾醇水平的植物甾醇、植物甾烷醇和/或植物甾烷醇的脂肪酸酯,例如用于BENECOL人造奶油的谷甾烷醇酯。通常,植物甾醇、植物甾烷醇和/或植物甾烷醇的脂肪酸酯的总日剂量范围可为约0.5至约20g/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的抗氧化剂,例如丙丁酚、生育酚、抗坏血酸、β-胡萝卜素及硒,或维生素,例如维生素B6或维生素B12。通常,抗氧化剂或维生素的总日剂量范围可为约0.05至约10g/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
在另一个备选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物或治疗还可包括与上述式(I)化合物共同给予或组合给予的单核细胞和巨噬细胞抑制剂,例如多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、甲状腺激素,包括甲状腺素(throxine)类似物例如CGS-26214(具有氟代环的甲状腺素化合物)、基因治疗和使用重组蛋白,例如重组apo E。通常,这些药物的总日剂量范围可为约0.01至约1000mg/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
还可用于本发明的组合物或治疗组合的还包括激素替代药物和组合物。本发明的用于激素替代疗法的有用的激素药物及组合物包括雄激素、雌激素、孕激素及其药学上可接受的盐和衍生物。这些药物的组合和组合物也是有效的。雄激素和雌激素组合的剂量是变化的,优选约1mg至约4mg雄激素和约1mg至约3mg雌激素。
本发明的组合物、治疗组合或方法还可包括一种或多种肥胖控制药物。有用的肥胖控制药物包括但不限于减少能量摄取或抑制食欲的药物;增加能量消耗的药物及分隔营养素(nutrient-partitioning)药物。合适的肥胖控制药物包括但不限于去甲肾上腺素能药物(例如丙酸二乙酯、马吲哚、苯丙醇胺、芬特明、苯甲曲秦、酒石酸phendamine、脱氧麻黄碱、苯甲曲秦及其酒石酸盐);5-羟色胺能药物(例如西布曲明、芬氟拉明、右芬氟拉明、氟西汀、氟伏沙明和帕罗西汀);热量生成剂(例如麻黄素、咖啡因、茶碱及选择性β3-肾上腺素能激动剂);α-阻滞剂;钾盐镁矾或AMPA受体拮抗剂;瘦素(leptin)-脂解作用激活的受体;磷酸二酯酶酶抑制剂;具有桃花心木基因的核苷酸序列的化合物;成纤维细胞生长因子-10多肽;单胺氧化酶抑制剂(例如贝氟沙通、吗氯贝胺、溴法罗明、酚噁嗪、乙磺普隆、befol、托洛沙酮、吡吲哚醇(pirlindol)、阿米夫胺、sercloremine、巴嗪普令、拉扎贝胺、米拉醋胺和卡罗沙酮);用于增加脂代谢的化合物(例如吴茱萸碱化合物);以及脂肪酶抑制剂(例如奥利司他)。通常,上述肥胖控制药物的总剂量范围可为约1至约3,000mg/日,优选约1至约1,000mg/日,更优选约1至约200mg/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
本发明的组合物、治疗组合或方法还可包括与上述式(I)化合物化学性质不同的一种或多种血液调节剂,例如它们与上述式(I)化合物相比,含有一个或多个不同的原子,具有不同的原子排列或不同的一种或多种原子的数目。有用的血液调节剂包括但不限于抗凝血剂(阿加曲班、比伐卢定、达肝素钠、地西卢定、双香豆素、聚烯磺酸钠、甲磺酸萘莫司他、苯并香豆素、亭扎肝素钠、华法林钠);抗血栓药(盐酸阿那格雷、比伐卢定、西洛他唑、达肝素钠、达那肝素钠、盐酸达唑氧苯、硫酸依非加群、依诺肝素钠、氟瑞托芬、伊非曲班、伊非曲班钠、拉米非班、盐酸洛曲非班、萘沙加群、乙酸奥波非班、乙酸罗昔非班、西拉非班、亭扎肝素钠、三苯格雷、阿昔单抗、阿佐莫单抗);纤维蛋白原受体拮抗剂(乙酸罗昔非班、夫雷非班、奥波非班、盐酸洛曲非班、替罗非班、珍米洛非班、单克隆抗体7E3、sibrafiban);血小板抑制剂(昔洛他唑、氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐、依前列醇、依前列醇钠、盐酸噻氯匹定、阿司匹林、布洛芬、萘普生、舒林酸(sulindae)、吲哚美辛(idomethacin)、甲芬那酸盐、曲噁昔康、双氯芬酸、硫氧唑酮、吡罗昔康、潘生丁);血小板聚集抑制剂(阿卡地新、贝前列素、贝前列素钠、西前列烯钙、依他格雷、利法利嗪、盐酸洛曲非班、乙酸奥波非班、氧格雷酯、夫雷非班、奥波非班、替罗非班、珍米洛非班);止血(hemorrheologic)药物(己酮可可碱);脂蛋白相关凝血抑制剂;因子VIIa抑制剂(4H-31-苯并噁嗪-4-酮、4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-硫酮、喹唑啉-4-酮、喹唑啉-4-硫酮、苯并噻嗪-4-酮、咪唑基-硼酸-衍生的肽类似物TFPI-衍生肽、萘-2-磺酸{1-[3-(氨基亚氨基甲基)-苄基]-2-氧代-吡咯烷-3-(S)-基}酰胺三氟乙酸盐、氧芴-2-磺酸(1-[3-(氨基甲基)-苄基]-5-氧代-吡咯烷-3-基)酰胺、甲苯-4-磺酸{1-[3-(氨基亚氨基甲基)-苄基]-2-氧代-吡咯烷-3-(S)-基}酰胺三氟乙酸盐、3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-磺酸{1-[3-(氨基亚氨基甲基)-苄基]-2-氧代-吡咯啉-3-(S)-基}-酰胺三氟乙酸盐);因子Xa抑制剂(二取代的吡唑啉、二取代的三唑啉、取代的正[(氨基亚氨基甲基)苯基]丙酰胺、取代的正[(氨基甲基)苯基]丙酰胺、组织因子通道抑制剂(TFPI)、低分子量肝素、类肝素、苯并咪唑啉、苯并噁唑啉酮、苯并哌嗪酮、茚满酮、二(脒基芳基)丙酸衍生物、脒基苯基-吡咯烷、脒基苯基-吡咯啉、脒基苯基-异噁唑烷、脒基吲哚、脒基吡咯、二芳基磺酰基氨基苯甲酰胺衍生物、肽因子Xa抑制剂)。
本发明的组合物、治疗组合或方法还可包括与上述式(I)化合物化学性质不同的一种或多种心血管药物,例如它们与上述式(I)化合物相比,含有一个或多个不同的原子,具有不同的原子排列或不同的一种或多种原子的数目。有用的心血管药物包括但不限于钙通道阻滞剂(马来酸克仑硫、苯磺酸氨氯地平、伊拉地平、尼莫地平、非洛地平、尼伐地平、硝苯地平、盐酸替鲁地平、盐酸地尔硫、贝磷地尔、盐酸维拉帕米、福司地尔);肾上腺素能阻滞剂(盐酸芬司匹利、盐酸拉贝洛尔、普洛克生、盐酸阿夫唑嗪、醋丁洛尔、盐酸醋丁洛尔、盐酸阿普洛尔、阿替洛尔、盐酸布诺洛尔、盐酸卡替洛尔、盐酸塞利洛尔、盐酸塞他洛尔、盐酸环丙洛尔、盐酸右普萘洛尔、盐酸二醋洛尔、盐酸地来洛尔、盐酸艾司洛尔、盐酸己丙洛尔、硫酸氟司洛尔、盐酸拉贝洛尔、盐酸左倍他洛尔、盐酸左布诺洛尔、盐酸美他洛尔、美托洛尔、酒石酸美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、硫酸帕马洛尔、硫酸喷布洛尔、普拉洛尔、盐酸普萘洛尔、盐酸索他洛尔、噻吗洛尔、马来酸噻吗洛尔、盐酸替普洛尔、妥拉洛尔、比索洛尔、富马酸比索洛尔、萘必洛尔);肾上腺素能刺激剂;血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂(盐酸贝那普利、贝那普利拉、卡托普利、盐酸地拉普利、福辛普利钠、赖苯普利、盐酸莫昔普利、喷托普利、培多普利、盐酸喹那普利、喹那普利拉、雷米普利、盐酸螺普利、螺普利拉、替普罗肽、马来酸依那普利、赖诺普利、佐芬普利钙、培多普利特丁胺);抗高血压药物(阿尔噻嗪、苄噻嗪、卡托普利、卡维地洛、氯噻嗪钠、盐酸可乐定、环噻嗪、盐酸地拉普利、盐酸地来洛尔、甲磺酸多沙唑嗪、福辛普利钠、盐酸胍法辛、甲基多巴、琥珀酸美托洛尔、盐酸莫昔普利、马来酸莫那匹尔、盐酸培兰色林、盐酸酚苄明、盐酸哌唑嗪、普米洛尔、盐酸喹那普利、喹那普利拉、雷米普利、盐酸特拉唑嗪、坎地沙坦、坎地沙坦西酯、替米沙坦、苯磺酸氨氯地平、马来酸氨氯地平、盐酸贝凡洛尔),例如Merck&Co.,Inc.的HYZAAR或COZAAR抗高血压药物;血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂(坎地沙坦、厄贝沙坦、洛沙坦钾、坎地沙坦西酯、替米沙坦);抗心绞痛药物(苯磺酸氨氯地平、马来酸氨氯地平、盐酸倍他洛尔、盐酸贝凡洛尔、盐酸布托丙茚、卡维地洛、马来酸桂哌酯、琥珀酸美托洛尔、吗西多明、马来酸莫那匹尔、普米洛尔、盐酸雷诺嗪、托西芬、盐酸维拉帕米);冠状血管扩张药(福司地尔、盐酸氮氯嗪、盐酸卡波罗孟、氯硝甘油、盐酸地尔硫、潘生丁、氢普拉明、丁四硝酯、硝酸异山梨酯、单硝酸异山梨酯、利多氟嗪、盐酸米氟嗪、米克西定、吗西多明、尼可地尔、硝苯地平、尼索地平、硝酸甘油、盐酸氧烯洛尔、戊硝醇、马来酸哌克昔林、普尼拉明、丙帕硝酯、盐酸特罗地林、妥拉洛尔、维拉帕米);利尿药(氢氯噻嗪和螺内酯的组合产品及氢氯噻嗪和氨苯蝶定的组合产品)。
本发明的组合物、治疗组合或方法还可包括一种或多种用于降低人血液葡萄糖水平的抗糖尿病药物。有用的抗糖尿病药物包括但不限于减少能量摄取或抑制食欲的药物,增加能量消耗的药物及分隔营养素的药物。适合的抗糖尿病药物包括但不限于磺酰脲(例如醋磺己脲、氯磺丙脲、格列胺脲、格列齐特、格列美脲、格列吡嗪、优降糖、格列本脲、妥拉磺脲和甲苯磺丁脲);美格列萘(例如瑞格列萘和那格列萘);双胍(例如二甲双胍和丁福明)、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(例如阿卡波糖、米格列醇、卡格列波糖和伏格列波糖);某些肽(例如安林肽、普兰林肽、exendin和GLP-1激动肽)以及口服胰岛素或其用于肠释放的胰岛素组合物。通常,上述抗糖尿病药物的总剂量范围可为0.1至1,000mg/日,以单剂量或2-4个分剂量给药。
本发明的组合物、治疗组合或方法还可包括与式(I)化合物化学性质不同的一种或多种用于早老性痴呆的治疗方法。可用于治疗早老性痴呆病的合适治疗方法的非限制性实例包括给予一种或多种以下药物:胆碱酯酶抑制剂、毒蕈碱样受体激动剂、M2毒蕈碱样受体拮抗剂、乙酰胆碱释放刺激剂、胆碱摄取刺激剂、烟碱样胆碱能受体激动剂、抗-Aβ疫苗、γ-分泌酶抑制剂、β-分泌酶抑制剂、淀粉状蛋白聚集抑制剂、淀粉状蛋白前体蛋白反义寡核苷酸、单胺重摄取抑制剂、人干细胞、基因治疗、促智药、AMPA受体配体、生长因子或生长因子受体激动剂、抗炎药物、游离基清除剂、抗氧化剂、超氧化物岐化酶刺激剂、钙通道阻滞剂、编程性细胞死亡抑制剂、半胱天冬酶抑制剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂、雌激素和雌激素受体配体、NMDA受体拮抗剂、Jun N-末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂、铜/锌螯合剂、5-HTla受体激动剂、NGF刺激剂、神经保护药物、H3组胺受体拮抗剂、钙离子激活蛋白酶抑制剂、聚ADP核糖聚合酶抑制剂、脯氨酰内肽酶抑制剂、钙调节剂、促皮质激素释放因子受体拮抗剂、促皮质激素释放因子结合蛋白抑制剂、GABA调节剂、GABA-A受体拮抗剂、GABA-B受体拮抗剂、神经免疫结合蛋白配体、σ受体配体、galanin受体配体、咪唑啉/α肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、血管活性肠肽受体激动剂、苯并二氮杂受体反向激动剂、大麻素受体激动剂、促甲状腺素释放激素受体激动剂、蛋白激酶C抑制剂、5-HT3受体拮抗剂、前列腺素受体拮抗剂、拓扑异构酶II抑制剂、类固醇受体配体、一氧化氮调节剂、RAGE抑制剂、多巴胺受体激动剂及其组合。
任何上述药物或治疗剂的混合物都可用于本发明的组合物和治疗组合中。
本发明的药用治疗组合物(制剂或药剂)和治疗组合还可包括一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、一种或多种赋形剂和/或一种或多种添加剂。本文中所用的术语“组合物”涵盖包含特定量的特定成分的产品,以及从特定量的特定成分的组合中可直接或间接产生的任何产品。
药学上可接受的载体的非限制性实例包括固体和/或液体,例如乙醇、甘油、水等。治疗组合物中的载体的量的范围可以为治疗组合物或治疗组合总重量的约5至约99%。合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂和添加剂的非限制性实例包括无毒的可适配的填充剂、粘合剂(例如淀粉)、崩解剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、润滑剂、矫味剂、增稠剂、着色剂、乳化剂等。赋形剂或添加剂的量的范围可以为治疗组合物或治疗组合总重量的约0.1至约90%(重量比)。本领域技术人员会理解载体、赋形剂和添加剂(如果存在)的量是可以变化的。
本发明的治疗组合物可以以任何常规剂型给药,优选口服剂型例如胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、扁囊剂、混悬剂或溶液剂。所述剂型和药用组合物可采用常规的、药学上可接受的原料和常规技术制备。以下提供几个制备剂型的实施例。
以下制剂为本发明剂型的示例。在所述制剂中,术语“活性化合物I”指上文中所述的式I化合物。
实施例
片剂
编号
成分
mg/片
1 活性化合物I 20
2 乳糖一水合物NF 55
3 微晶纤维素NF 20
4 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K29-32)USP 4
5 交联羧甲基纤维素钠NF 8
6 十二烷基硫酸钠 2
7 硬脂酸镁NF 1
总计 110
制备方法
将4号物料和纯化水在合适的混和器中混和,形成粘合剂溶液。将该粘合剂溶液和水先后喷洒在流化床中的1号、2号、6号和一部分5号物料上,将这些成分制成颗粒。继续流化以干燥这些湿颗粒。将干燥的颗粒过筛,与3号物料和剩余的5号物料混和。加入7号物料并混和。在合适的压片机上,将该混合物压制成适当的大小和重量。
因为本发明涉及通过用其中各活性成分可分别给药的活性成分组合的治疗方法治疗上述病症,例如降低血浆甾醇(尤其是胆甾醇)浓度或水平,本发明还涉及以药剂盒的形式将各个药用组合物组合在一起。即设计其中可将两个隔开的单位药剂组合在一起的药剂盒:所述隔开的单位是:含至少一种式(I)化合物的药物组合物和含至少一种其它如上所述的治疗药物的独立的药物组合物。该药剂盒优选包括各独立成分的使用说明书。当各成分必须以不同剂型(例如口服和肠胃外)给药或以不同的给药时间间隔给予时,该药剂盒的优点尤其有利。
如以下实施例所示,本发明的治疗组合物和治疗组合可抑制哺乳动物胆甾醇的肠吸收,因而可用于治疗和/或预防诸如以下病症,血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化、高胆甾醇血症和谷固醇血症、中风、肥胖和降低动物,尤其是哺乳动物的血浆胆甾醇水平。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物和治疗组合可抑制甾醇吸收或减少血浆中的选自以下的至少一种甾醇的浓度:植物甾醇(例如谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和燕麦甾醇)、5α-甾烷醇(例如胆甾烷醇、5α-菜油甾烷醇、5α-豆甾烷醇)、胆甾醇及其混合物。通过给予有这种治疗需要的哺乳动物有效量的至少一种包含上述式(I)化合物的治疗组合物或治疗组合,可降低血浆浓度。甾醇血浆浓度的降低幅度范围可为约1至约70%,优选约10至约50%。测量血清总血胆甾醇和总LDL胆甾醇的方法对本领域技术人员而言是众所周知的,例如包括PCT WO 99/38498第11页中公开的那些方法(通过引用结合到本文中)。测定血清中其它甾醇水平的方法在H.Gylling等,″Serum Sterols During Stanol Ester Feeding in a MildlyHypercholesterolemic Population″(在中度高胆甾醇血群体中给予甾烷醇酯期间的血清甾醇),J.Lipid Res.40:593-600(1999)中公开,其通过引用结合到本文中。
用以下实施例说明本发明,但不能认为这些实施例将本发明限制在其细节内。除另有说明外,以下实施例和本说明书全文中的所有份数和百分比均为重量百分比。
实施例
流程1.轭合物1的合成
方法说明:
方法A:
于0℃,将ADDP(0.1g,0.39mmol)加入到氮杂环丁烷基苯酚1(0.1g 0.28mmol)、三丁基膦(0.08g,0.39mmol)和3-苄氧基-丙-1-醇(42mg,0.255mmol)的1ml THF溶液中。使反应物升温至室温。加入另一份0.5ml THF以减少粘稠。3.5小时后,用在己烷中的20%乙酸乙酯稀释该混合物,通过硅藻土过滤,得到0.078g醚2,浓缩后为无色油状物。
ADDP为
参考文献:T.Tsunoda,Y.Yamamiya和S.ItTetrahedron Lett.,1993,34,1639-1642。
方法B:
使醚2(0.07g,0.134mmol)溶于3ml乙酸乙酯中,用7mg 5%披钯碳处理。于室温下,在1大气压(atm)氢气下搅拌该混合物3小时。通过硅藻土过滤催化剂,浓缩洗脱液,得到定量产率的所需醇。
方法C:
向醇(0.36g,0.83mmol)的THF溶液中加入0.272g三苯膦(1.04mmol)。使该混合物冷却至-20℃,滴加入0.20ml偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(0.27g,1.04mmol)。向该混合物中加入0.22ml二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物(0.29g,1.04mmol),使反应物温热至室温过夜。真空浓缩该混合物,经SiO2层析,用15-20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.263g所需的叠氮化物,为无色油状物。
方法D:
向叠氮化物(0.263g,0.58mmol)在12ml的1∶1甲醇-乙酸乙酯中的溶液中加入26mg 10%披钯碳。在1大气压(atm)氢气下搅拌该混合物5小时。通过硅藻土过滤催化剂,浓缩溶剂,得到0.246g所需胺3。
方法E:
于室温下,将洛伐他汀(作为MEVACOR从Merck&Co.购得)(0.039g,0.1mmol)和0.045g胺3(0.11mmol)在19mg吡啶中的混合物搅拌24小时。反应物经在SiO2上层析2次,用2-5%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液洗脱,得到0.028g所需的产物5(m.p.=67-68℃)。
体内评价
可用高胆甾醇血症的Golden Syrian仓鼠作为体内模型评价胆甾醇吸收抑制剂的口服效能和体内效力。给仓鼠喂饲含胆甾醇食物7日,引起肝胆甾醇酯增加。阻断肠胆甾醇吸收的化合物可降低肝胆甾醇酯蓄积的水平。
给雄性Golden Syrian仓鼠(Charles River Labs,Wilmington,MA.)喂饲Wayne啮齿类动物饲料直至研究开始。研究开始时(第1天),将动物分组(n=4-6/组),喂饲补充有0.5%重量的胆甾醇(Research DietsInc.,New Brunswick,NJ)的饲料。从第1天起,通过口腔喂饲开始起,连续7天,每天一次给予一组仓鼠3mg/kg体重剂量的溶于0.2ml玉米油中的式(XIV)化合物。按相同量、相同进度表给予对照组仓鼠空白玉米油。第7天,取肝脏样品进行中性脂质分析。对肝脏样品进行脂质萃取。在氮气下干燥脂质萃取物,然后放入HPLC样品瓶中,在己烷中重悬浮,注入Zorbax Sil(4.6×25cm)硅胶柱中。用含98.8%己烷和1.2%异丙醇的无梯度流动相,以2ml/min流速进行层析。通过206nm处的吸收度测定脂质,然后通过洗脱曲线的计算机积分定量(System Gold,Beckman)脂质。通过使用从用已知量胆甾醇制得的标准曲线中推导的响应因子,测定胆甾醇浓度。得自肝的样品中的胆甾醇酯含量可从用已知量油酸胆甾醇酯构建的标准曲线中导出。油酸胆甾醇酯可用作标准品,因为其为存在于肝脏中的主要胆甾醇酯类,这种特殊的胆甾醇酯的吸光系数近似等于在肝脏存在的所有胆甾醇酯的加权平均值。
用肝胆甾醇酯蓄积的降低作为胆甾醇吸收抑制的标记。当如上所述给予仓鼠式(XIV)化合物,每日给药1次,持续7天时,与对照组相比,可减少相对于对照组的16%的肝胆甾醇酯的聚积。
本领域技术人员应该理解,在不偏离其主要的发明构思的前提下,可对上述实施方案进行修改。因此,应清楚本发明并不限于已公开的具体实施方案,而是打算如同附属的权利要求书所限定的那样,涵盖在本发明精神和范围内的修改。
Claims (23)
1.一种结构式(I)代表的化合物:
或式(I)化合物的药学上可接受的异构体、盐、溶剂合物或酯,
其中在上式(I)中:
X、Y和Z可以相同或不同,各自独立选自-CH2-、-CH(烷基)-和-C(烷基)2-;
Q1和Q2可以相同或不同且各自独立选自H、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-OR6、-OC(O)R6、-OC(O)OR9、-OC(O)NR6R7和-L-M;
Q3是1至5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、链烯基、炔基、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)OR9、-CH=CH-C(O)R6、-CH=CH-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-CN、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-O-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6NR7C(O)OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)(芳基)-N-N=N-、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)NR6R7、-NO2、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-O-(C2-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-NR6C(O)R7、-NR6C(O)OR9、-NR6C(O)NR7R8、-NR6S(O)0-2R9、-N(S(O)0-2R9)2、-CHNOR6、-C(O)NR6R7、-C(O)NR6NR6R7、-S(O)0-2NR6R7、-S(O)0-2R9、-O-C(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-NR6C(O)O-(烷芳基)、-P(O)(OR10)2、-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OSi(烷基)3、-CF3、-OCF3、卤代、烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基羰基烷氧基、烷氧基芳基烷氧基、烷氧基亚氨基烷基、烷二酰基、烯丙氧基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、芳酰基、芳酰氧基、芳酰基芳酰氧基、芳基烷氧基羰基、苯甲酰基苯甲酰氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烷氧基、二氧戊环基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、杂环基羰基、杂环基羰基烷氧基和-L-M;
Q4是1至5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、链烯基、炔基、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)OR9、-CH=CH-C(O)R6、-CH=CH-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-CN、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-O-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6NR7C(O)OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)(芳基)-N-N=N-、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)NR6R7、-NO2、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-O-(C2-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-NR6C(O)R7、-NR6C(O)OR9、-NR6C(O)NR7R8、-NR6S(O)0-2R9、-N(S(O)0-2R9)2、-CHNOR6、-C(O)NR6R7、-C(O)NR6NR6R7、-S(O)0-2NR6R7、-S(O)0-2R9、-O-C(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-NR6C(O)O-(烷芳基)、-P(O)(OR10)2、-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OSi(烷基)3、-CF3、-OCF3、卤代、烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基羰基烷氧基、烷氧基芳基烷氧基、烷氧基亚氨基烷基、烷二酰基、烯丙氧基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、芳酰基、芳酰氧基、芳酰基芳酰氧基、芳基烷氧基羰基、苯甲酰基苯甲酰氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烷氧基、二氧戊环基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、杂环基羰基、杂环基羰基烷氧基及-L-M;
Q5是1至5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、链烯基、炔基、-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)R6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)OR9、-CH=CH-C(O)R6、-CH=CH-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)OR6、-C≡C-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)R6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-CN、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-O-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6NR7C(O)OR6、-O-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)(芳基)-N-N=N-、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)OR6、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-OC(O)NR6R7、-NO2、-(C0-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-O-(C2-C10亚烷基)-NR6R7、-NR6C(O)R7、-NR6C(O)OR9、-NR6C(O)NR7R8、-NR6S(O)0-2R9、-N(S(O)0-2R9)2、-CHNOR6、-C(O)NR6R7、-C(O)NR6NR6R7、-S(O)0-2NR6R7、-S(O)0-2R9、-O-C(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-C(O)NR6R7、-OC(O)-(C1-C10亚烷基)-NR6C(O)O-(烷芳基)、-P(O)(OR10)2、-(C1-C10亚烷基)-OSi(烷基)3、-CF3、-OCF3、卤代、烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基烷氧基烷氧基、烷氧基羰基烷氧基、烷氧基芳基烷氧基、烷氧基亚氨基烷基、烷二酰基、烯丙氧基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、芳酰基、芳酰氧基、芳酰基芳酰氧基、芳基烷氧基羰基、苯甲酰基苯甲酰氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烷氧基、二氧戊环基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、杂环基羰基、杂环基羰基烷氧基及-L-M;
其中Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5的-(C0-C30亚烷基)-基团的一个或多个碳原子任选独立被-O-、-C(O)-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-N(烷基)-、-N(烷芳基)-或-NH-置换;
G选自糖残基、二糖残基、三糖残基、四糖残基、糖酸、氨基糖、氨基酸残基、含2至9个氨基酸的寡肽残基、三烷基铵烷基及-S(O)2-OH,其中G的糖残基、二糖残基、三糖残基、四糖残基、糖酸、氨基糖、氨基酸残基或寡肽残基任选被-L-M取代;
L选自:
其中Me是甲基;
M选自:
和
R2和R3可以相同或不同且各自独立选自氢、烷基和芳基;
R6、R7和R8可以相同或不同且各自独立选自氢、烷基、芳基和芳烷基;和
每个R9独立为烷基、芳基或芳烷基;
每个R10独立为H或烷基;
q是0或1;
r是0或1;
m、n和p独立选自0、1、2、3或4;条件是q和r中至少一个是1,并且m、n、p、q和r之和是1、2、3、4、5或6;以及条件是当p是0且r是1时,m、q和n之和是1、2、3、4或5;
x1是1-10;
x2是1-10;
x3是1-10;
x4是1-10;
x5是1-10;
x6是1-10;和
x7是1-10;
条件是Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5中的至少一个是-L-M,或G的糖残基、二糖残基、三糖残基、四糖残基、糖酸、氨基糖、氨基酸残基或寡肽残基被-L-M取代。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中m、n和r各自为0,q为1,p为2,及Z为-CH2-。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中m、n和r各自为0,q为1,p为2,及Z是-CH2-;Q1是-OR6,其中R6是氢和Q5是氟。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中R2和R3各自优选为氢。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中Q1和Q2各自独立选自-OR6、-O(CO)R6、-O(CO)OR9和-O(CO)NR6R7。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中Q4是卤代或-OR6。
7.权利要求1的化合物,其中Q1是-OR6,其中R6是H。
8.权利要求1的化合物,其中Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4或Q5是-L-M。
9.权利要求1的化合物,其中Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4或Q5是-(C0-C30亚烷基)-G。
10.权利要求1的化合物,其中G选自:
其中R、Ra和Rb可以相同或不同且各自独立选自H、-OH、卤代、-NH2、叠氮基、烷氧基烷氧基或-W-R30;
W独立选自-NH-C(O)-、-O-C(O)-、-O-C(O)-N(R31)-、-NH-C(O)-N(R31)-和-O-C(S)-N(R31)-;
R2a和R6a可以相同或不同且各自独立选自H、烷基、乙酰基、芳基以及芳烷基;
R3a、R4a、R5a、R7a、R3b和R4b可以相同或不同且各自独立选自H、烷基、乙酰基、芳烷基、-C(O)烷基和-C(O)芳基;
R30独立选自R32取代的T、R32取代的T-烷基、R32取代的链烯基、R32取代的烷基、R32取代的环烷基和R32取代的环烷基烷基;
R31独立选自H和烷基;
T独立选自苯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、噻二唑基、吡唑基、咪唑基和吡啶基;
R32是1至3个取代基,所述取代基各自独立选自H、卤代、烷基、-OH、苯氧基、-CF3、-NO2、烷氧基、亚甲二氧基、氧代、烷基硫烷基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、-N(CH3)2、-C(O)-NH烷基、-C(O)-N(烷基)2、-C(O)-烷基、-C(O)-烷氧基和吡咯烷基羰基;或R32是共价键,R31与其连接的氮和R32形成吡咯烷基、哌啶基、N-甲基-哌嗪基、二氢吲哚基或吗啉基,或烷氧基羰基取代的吡咯烷基、哌啶基、N-甲基哌嗪基、二氢吲哚基或吗啉基。
12.权利要求1的化合物,其中Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4和Q5的-(C0-C30亚烷基)-基团的一个或多个碳原子任选独立被-O-置换。
13.权利要求1的化合物,其中L为
15.权利要求1的化合物,其中M为
18.权利要求1的化合物,其中M为
20.一种包含在药学上可接受载体中的治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物的药用组合物,所述组合物用于在哺乳动物中治疗或预防血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖症、中风,降低血浆甾醇或甾烷醇浓度,在患者中预防脱髓鞘或治疗早老性痴呆和/或调节淀粉样蛋白β肽水平。
21.一种药用组合物,所述组合物包含在药学上可接受载体中的降低胆甾醇有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
22.一种在哺乳动物中治疗或预防血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖症、中风,降低血浆甾醇或甾烷醇浓度,在患者中预防脱髓鞘或治疗早老性痴呆或调节淀粉样蛋白β肽水平的方法,所述方法包括给予有需要此种治疗的患者有效量的权利要求1的化合物的步骤。
23.一种在需要此种治疗的哺乳动物中降低血浆胆甾醇水平的方法,所述方法包括给予药学上有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
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-
2004
- 2004-03-03 ES ES04716953T patent/ES2311806T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-03 CA CA2517571A patent/CA2517571C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-03 AT AT04716953T patent/ATE406364T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-03 WO PCT/US2004/006546 patent/WO2004081002A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-03-03 EP EP04716953A patent/EP1601668B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-03 DE DE602004016123T patent/DE602004016123D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-03 MX MXPA05009503A patent/MXPA05009503A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-03-03 JP JP2006509068A patent/JP5137228B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-03 US US10/791,910 patent/US7235543B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-03 CN CNB2004800060577A patent/CN100439361C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-05-16 HK HK06105697A patent/HK1085727A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
- 2007-02-13 US US11/705,978 patent/US7368563B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2007-02-13 US US11/705,977 patent/US7368562B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2008
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7741289B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
US7368563B2 (en) | 2008-05-06 |
ES2311806T3 (es) | 2009-02-16 |
US7368562B2 (en) | 2008-05-06 |
ATE406364T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
US20070155674A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
MXPA05009503A (es) | 2005-10-18 |
EP1601668A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
EP1601668B1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
JP2006520822A (ja) | 2006-09-14 |
DE602004016123D1 (de) | 2008-10-09 |
JP5137228B2 (ja) | 2013-02-06 |
US20040198700A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US20080207585A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
CN100439361C (zh) | 2008-12-03 |
WO2004081002A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
CA2517571C (en) | 2011-07-05 |
US7235543B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
CA2517571A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
HK1085727A1 (en) | 2006-09-01 |
US20070155675A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
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