WO2009119498A1 - 窒化物半導体発光素子 - Google Patents
窒化物半導体発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119498A1 WO2009119498A1 PCT/JP2009/055656 JP2009055656W WO2009119498A1 WO 2009119498 A1 WO2009119498 A1 WO 2009119498A1 JP 2009055656 W JP2009055656 W JP 2009055656W WO 2009119498 A1 WO2009119498 A1 WO 2009119498A1
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- buffer layer
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 585
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 43
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- VCZQFJFZMMALHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylsilane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)CC VCZQFJFZMMALHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000103 photoluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002109 crystal growth method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;cyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1C=CC=[C-]1.C1C=CC=[C-]1 QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/815—Bodies having stress relaxation structures, e.g. buffer layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/822—Materials of the light-emitting regions
- H10H20/824—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP
- H10H20/825—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/8215—Bodies characterised by crystalline imperfections, e.g. dislocations; characterised by the distribution of dopants, e.g. delta-doping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor light emitting device.
- Nitride semiconductor light-emitting elements that emit light in the visible to ultraviolet wavelength range are expected to be applied in various fields such as hygiene, medicine, industry, lighting, and precision machinery because of their low power consumption and small size. It has already been put into practical use in some wavelength regions such as the blue light wavelength region.
- nitride semiconductor light emitting devices are not limited to nitride semiconductor light emitting devices that emit blue light (hereinafter referred to as blue light emitting diodes), and further improvements in light emission efficiency and light output are desired.
- nitride semiconductor light-emitting devices that emit light in the ultraviolet wavelength region (hereinafter referred to as ultraviolet light-emitting diodes) are currently in practical use due to significantly lower light extraction efficiency and light output than blue light-emitting diodes.
- One of the causes is that the light emission efficiency of the light emitting layer (hereinafter referred to as internal quantum efficiency) is low.
- Luminous efficiency of a light emitting layer composed of a nitride semiconductor is significantly lowered due to dislocations and point defects formed in the light emitting layer at a high density.
- a light emitting layer made of an AlGaN ternary mixed crystal containing Al as a constituent element high quality crystals could not be grown, and the internal quantum efficiency was extremely reduced. Therefore, development of a light emitting layer material that is not easily affected by dislocations and defects is desired, and attention has been paid to InAlGaN quaternary mixed crystals obtained by adding In to AlGaN.
- InAlGaN improves the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer of an ultraviolet light emitting diode, and enables research with a view to putting the ultraviolet light emitting diode into practical use.
- the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer is still insufficient and further improvement is necessary.
- an ultraviolet light-emitting diode using an InAlGaN quaternary mixed crystal as a light-emitting layer an n-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the upper surface side of a single crystal substrate for epitaxial growth via a first buffer layer, and an n-type nitride semiconductor
- an ultraviolet light emitting diode including a light emitting layer formed on the upper surface side of a light emitting semiconductor layer and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the upper surface side of the light emitting layer Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-73630.
- 2007-73630 includes a light emitting layer having an AlGaInN quantum well structure, and is formed between an n-type nitride semiconductor layer and a light emitting layer, and is the same as the barrier layer of the light emitting layer A second buffer layer having a composition is provided. It has been confirmed that by providing the second buffer layer, it is possible to increase the output of ultraviolet light as compared with the case where the second buffer layer is not provided.
- a nitride semiconductor light emitting device having a laminated structure such as an ultraviolet light emitting diode disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-73630 has a lattice of an n-type nitride semiconductor layer and a light emitting layer by providing a second buffer layer. Although the distortion of the light emitting layer due to the constant difference is reduced, the electric field generated by the piezoelectric effect due to the lattice constant difference between the well layer and the barrier layer made of the AlGaInN layer and having different compositions from each other (hereinafter referred to as a piezoelectric field) The problem has not been solved.
- the generated piezo electric field spatially separates the electrons and holes injected into the light emitting layer (that is, the position where the electron density in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer is high and the position where the hole density is high).
- the probability of recombination of electrons and holes is reduced, and the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer is reduced.
- the external quantum efficiency is reduced.
- the second buffer layer is provided in this nitride semiconductor light emitting device, the flatness before the growth of the light emitting layer is insufficient, making it difficult to form a high quality light emitting layer.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and an object thereof is to provide a nitride semiconductor light emitting device capable of improving the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer and increasing the output.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention includes a single crystal substrate, a first buffer layer formed on the upper surface side of the single crystal substrate, and an n-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the upper surface side of the first buffer layer.
- a second buffer layer formed on the upper surface side of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer formed on the upper surface side of the second buffer layer, and a p-type nitride formed on the upper surface side of the light emitting layer
- a third buffer layer doped with an impurity serving as a donor is provided between the second buffer layer and the light emitting layer.
- a third buffer layer doped with an impurity serving as a donor is provided between the second buffer layer and the light emitting layer. Residual strain can be reduced to improve the crystallinity of the light emitting layer, and the piezoelectric field generated in the light emitting layer can be relaxed by the carriers generated by the third buffer layer, thereby improving the internal quantum efficiency in the light emitting layer. Enables output. Furthermore, the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention can supply electrons to the light emitting layer while maintaining conductivity because the impurity doped in the third buffer layer functions as a donor. Efficiency can be improved and high output is possible.
- the impurity doped in the third buffer layer is Si.
- the flatness of the surface of the third buffer layer is improved, the quality of the light emitting layer can be improved, and the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer can be improved.
- the Si source material serving as a donor in the third buffer layer in a manufacturing apparatus (epitaxial growth apparatus) such as an MOVPE apparatus, and a pipe for supplying the source material Since it is no longer necessary to prepare a separate device, the manufacturing apparatus can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the third buffer layer preferably has the same constituent elements as the second buffer layer.
- the third buffer layer can be grown at the same growth temperature as the second buffer layer. Since the third buffer layer can be grown without interrupting the growth for a long time after the growth, the interface between the second buffer layer and the third buffer layer can be improved in quality and required for manufacturing. Time can be shortened.
- the band gap energy of the third buffer layer is preferably larger than the photon energy of light emitted from the light emitting layer.
- the third buffer layer preferably has a larger film thickness than the second buffer layer. With this configuration, it is possible to improve the flatness of the third buffer layer serving as the growth base of the light emitting layer.
- the donor concentration of the third buffer layer is lower than the donor concentration of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer.
- the light emitting layer preferably has a quantum well structure, and the barrier layer of this quantum well structure is preferably doped with an impurity serving as a donor.
- the barrier layer in contact with the well layer is doped with an impurity serving as a donor, so that the piezoelectric field generated in the light emitting layer having the quantum well structure is effected by the carriers generated by the barrier layer. Can be relaxed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nitride semiconductor light emitting element according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is PL spectrum which shows the photoluminescence measurement result of a light emitting layer same as the above. It is an electric current injection light emission spectrum of an Example same as the above. It is an electric current-light output characteristic view of an Example same as the above and a comparative example.
- 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nitride semiconductor light-emitting element according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nitride semiconductor light-emitting element according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nitride semiconductor light-emitting element according to Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a related figure of the film thickness of 2nd buffer layer and PL light emission intensity in the same as the above. It is a related figure of the film thickness of 3rd buffer layer and PL light emission intensity in the same as the above. It is a related figure of Si density
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment is an ultraviolet light emitting diode, and as shown in FIG. 1, a single crystal substrate 1 for epitaxial growth and a first buffer layer formed on the upper surface side of the single crystal substrate 1 2, an n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 formed on the upper surface side of the first buffer layer 2, and a third formed on the upper surface side of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 via the second buffer layer 4. Buffer layer 5, light emitting layer 6 formed on the upper surface side of third buffer layer 5, and p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 formed on the upper surface side of light emitting layer 6.
- a cathode electrode (not shown) is formed on the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, and an anode electrode (not shown) is formed on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7.
- a sapphire substrate having an upper surface of (0001) plane, that is, c-plane is used as the single crystal substrate 1.
- the first buffer layer 2 is provided to reduce threading dislocations in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and to reduce residual strain in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, and is a single crystal having a thickness of 2.2 ⁇ m. It is composed of an AlN layer.
- the film thickness of the first buffer layer 2 is not limited to 2.2 ⁇ m.
- the single crystal substrate 1 made of a sapphire substrate is introduced into the reaction furnace of the MOVPE apparatus, and then the pressure in the reaction furnace is set to a predetermined growth pressure (for example, 10 kPa ⁇
- the upper surface of the single crystal substrate 1 is cleaned by heating for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes) after raising the substrate temperature to the growth temperature (for example, 1250 ° C.) while maintaining it at 76 Torr).
- the flow rate of trimethylaluminum (TMAl) which is an aluminum raw material, is set to 0.05 L / min (50 SCCM) in a standard state.
- a first buffer layer 2 made of an AlN layer is grown.
- the first buffer layer 2 is not limited to a single crystal AlN layer but may be a single crystal AlGaN layer.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is formed on the first buffer layer 2 and is composed of a Si-doped n-type Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 N layer.
- the thickness of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is set to 2 ⁇ m, but is not particularly limited.
- n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is not limited to a single layer structure may be a multilayer structure, for example, a first n-type Si-doped on the buffer layer 2 Al 0.7 Ga 0.3 N layer, n-type Al 0.7 It may be composed of a Si-doped n-type Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 N layer on the Ga 0.3 N layer.
- the growth temperature is set to 1100 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- trimethylgallium (TMGa) is used as a raw material for gallium
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- TESi tetraethylsilane
- Si silicon
- As a carrier gas for transporting each raw material H 2 gas and N 2 gas are used.
- the flow rate of TESi is set to 0.0009 L / min (0.9 SCCM) in the standard state.
- Each raw material is not particularly limited, and for example, triethylgallium (TEGa) may be used as a gallium raw material, a hydrazine derivative may be used as a nitrogen raw material, and monosilane (SiH 4 ) may be used as a silicon raw material.
- TMGa triethylgallium
- a hydrazine derivative may be used as a nitrogen raw material
- monosilane (SiH 4 ) may be used as a silicon raw material.
- the second buffer layer 4 is provided in order to reduce threading dislocations in the light emitting layer 6 and reduce residual strain in the light emitting layer 6, and is composed of an AlGaInN layer having a thickness of 3 nm.
- the composition of the second buffer layer 4 is appropriately set so as to have a band gap energy that prevents the light emitted from the light emitting layer 6 from being absorbed.
- the band gap energy is 4.7 eV.
- the band gap energy is not particularly limited as long as the light emitted from the light emitting layer 6 is not absorbed.
- the film thickness of the second buffer layer 4 is not limited to 3 nm.
- the growth temperature is set to 800 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa is used as a raw material for gallium
- trimethylindium (TMIn) is used as a raw material for indium
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- N 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material. ing.
- the third buffer layer 5 reduces threading dislocations and residual distortion of the light emitting layer 6 and improves the flatness of the base of the light emitting layer 6, and emits light using carriers generated in the third buffer layer 5.
- the n-type AlGaInN layer is provided to alleviate the piezoelectric field of the layer 6 and has a thickness of 20 nm and is doped with Si as an impurity serving as a donor. That is, the third buffer layer 5 is formed of the same constituent elements as the second buffer layer 4.
- the composition of the third buffer layer 5 is appropriately set so as to have a band gap energy so that the light emitted from the light emitting layer 6 is not absorbed. In the present embodiment, the composition of the third buffer layer 5 is equal to the composition of the second buffer layer 4. It is set to be.
- the film thickness of the third buffer layer 5 is not limited to 20 nm.
- the growth temperature is set to 800 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa is used as a raw material for gallium
- trimethylindium (TMIn) is used as a raw material for indium
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- TESi is used as a raw material for silicon.
- N 2 gas is used.
- the growth condition of the third buffer layer 5 is basically different from the growth condition of the second buffer layer 4 only in that TESi is increased as a source gas.
- the flow rate of TESi is set to 0.0009 L / min (0.9 SCCM) in the standard state.
- the light emitting layer 6 has an AlGaInN quantum well structure (in this embodiment, it is a multiple quantum well structure, but may be a single quantum well structure), and from a Si-doped n-type AlGaInN layer having a thickness of 5 nm. And a well layer made of an AlGaInN layer having a thickness of 1.7 nm. Similar to the third buffer layer, the composition of the barrier layer is set so that the band gap energy is 4.7 eV, and the composition of the well layer is set so that the band gap energy is 4.4 eV.
- the light emitting layer 6 has a multiple quantum well structure in which barrier layers and well layers are alternately stacked so that the number of well layers is three.
- each composition of a well layer and a barrier layer is not limited, According to a desired light emission wavelength, it sets suitably.
- the number of well layers is not particularly limited, and for example, a single quantum well structure with one well layer may be employed.
- the thicknesses of the barrier layer and the well layer are not particularly limited.
- the light emitting layer 6 is doped with Si in the barrier layer, the doping amount of Si is not particularly limited, and Si does not necessarily have to be doped.
- the growth temperature is set to 800 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa as in the third buffer layer 4.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa is used as a raw material for gallium
- TMIn is used as a raw material for indium
- TESi is used as a raw material for silicon
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- N 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material. It is done.
- the flow rate of TESi is set to 0.0009 L / min (0.9 SCCM) in the standard state, and is set to be supplied only during the growth of the barrier layer.
- the molar ratio (flow rate ratio) of the group III material is appropriately changed between the growth of the barrier layer and the growth of the well layer, but the barrier layer and the third buffer layer 5 have the same composition.
- the lowermost barrier layer of the light emitting layer 6 can be grown without interrupting the growth.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 includes a first p-type semiconductor layer 7a made of an Mg-doped p-type AlGaInN layer formed on the light emitting layer 6, and an Mg formed on the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a.
- a second p-type semiconductor layer 7b made of a doped p-type AlGaInN layer and a third p-type semiconductor made of an Mg-doped p-type In 0.03 Ga 0.97 N layer formed on the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b And the layer 7c.
- compositions of the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a and the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b are such that the band gap energy of the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a is larger than the band gap energy of the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b. It is set to be.
- the composition of the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b is set so that the band gap energy is equal between the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b and the barrier layer.
- the thickness of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 is set to 6 nm for the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a, 50 nm for the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b, and 20 nm for the third p-type semiconductor layer 7c. These film thicknesses are not particularly limited.
- the growth temperature is set to 800 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa as a raw material for gallium
- TMIn as a raw material for indium
- NH 3 as a raw material for nitrogen
- biscyclopentadienylmagnesium (Cp 2 Mg) as a raw material for magnesium which is an impurity imparting p-type conductivity N 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the growth conditions of the third p-type semiconductor layer 7c are basically the same as the growth conditions of the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b, except that the supply of TMAl is stopped.
- the flow rate of Cp 2 Mg is set to 0.02 L / min (20 SCCM) in the standard state during the growth of any of the first to third p-type semiconductor layers 7a to 7c, and the first to third p-type semiconductor layers are formed.
- the molar ratio (flow rate ratio) of the group III raw material is appropriately changed according to the composition of each of the semiconductor layers 7a to 7c.
- photoluminescence (PL) measurement was performed with the surface of the light emitting layer 6 exposed.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, “ ⁇ ” indicates a PL spectrum at 77K, and “ ⁇ ” indicates a PL spectrum at room temperature.
- the ratio of the area of the region surrounded by the PL spectrum and the horizontal axis at room temperature to the area of the region surrounded by the PL spectrum and the horizontal axis at 77K is about 0.85.
- the light emitting layer 6 in the present embodiment increases the internal quantum efficiency in the deep ultraviolet region where it was difficult to increase the internal quantum efficiency in the light emitting layer of the conventional nitride semiconductor light emitting device. Is done.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of measuring the current injection emission spectrum of the example in which the above-described layers 2 to 7 are formed with the materials, compositions and film thicknesses exemplified.
- the third buffer layer doped with Si it has an emission peak wavelength at about 280 nm in the deep ultraviolet region.
- the third buffer layer 5 doped with impurities serving as donors is provided between the second buffer layer 4 and the light emitting layer 6. Therefore, threading dislocations and residual strain in the light emitting layer 6 can be reduced, the crystallinity of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, the internal quantum efficiency can be improved, and a piezoelectric field generated in the light emitting layer 6 is generated by the third buffer layer 5. It is relaxed by the generated carriers, the internal quantum efficiency in the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, and the output can be increased. Further, the impurity doped in the third buffer layer 5 functions as a donor, so that conductivity is maintained. In this state, electrons can be supplied to the light emitting layer 6.
- the impurity doped in the third buffer layer 5 is Si
- the flatness of the surface of the third buffer layer 5 can be improved, and the light emitting layer 6 Therefore, the quality of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved and the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the manufacturing apparatus epitaxy growth apparatus
- the raw material of Si serving as a donor in the third buffer layer 5 and this raw material are used. Since there is no need to separately prepare piping for supply, the manufacturing apparatus can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the third buffer layer 5 is manufactured when the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is manufactured.
- the layer 5 can be grown at the same growth temperature as the second buffer layer 4, and the third buffer layer 4 can be grown after the second buffer layer 4 is grown without interrupting the growth for a long time for changing the growth conditions.
- the buffer layer 5 can be grown. Therefore, the interface between the second buffer layer 4 and the third buffer layer 5 can be improved in quality, and the time required for manufacturing can be shortened.
- the band gap energy of the third buffer layer 5 is larger than the photon energy of the light emitted from the light emitting layer 6, the light emitted from the light emitting layer 6 It is not absorbed by the buffer layer 5 and is efficiently extracted outside.
- Embodiment 2 The basic configuration of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is substantially the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the constituent elements and compositions of the layers 3 to 7 other than the single crystal substrate 1 and the first buffer layer 2 are the same. Is different.
- symbol is attached
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment includes a single crystal substrate 1, a first buffer layer 2, an n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 made of a Si-doped n-type Al 0.68 Ga 0.32 N layer, and Al 0.64 Ga.
- a second buffer layer 4 made of 0.36 N layer, a third buffer layer 5 made of Al 0.64 Ga 0.36 N layer doped with Si as an impurity serving as a donor, and Al 0.50 Ga 0.50 N / Al 0.64 Ga 0.36
- a light emitting layer 6 having an N quantum well structure and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 are included.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 includes a first p-type semiconductor layer 7a composed of a Mg-doped p-type Al 0.80 Ga 0.20 N layer on the light emitting layer 6, and an Mg-doped p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7a.
- a second p-type semiconductor layer 7b made of a p-type Al 0.64 Ga 0.36 N layer and a third p-type semiconductor layer 7c made of an Mg-doped p-type GaN layer on the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b. ing.
- the thickness of the second buffer layer 4 is set to 15 nm and the composition is set so that the band gap energy is 4.7 eV, but the thickness and composition are not particularly limited.
- the growth temperature is set to 1100 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa is used as a raw material for gallium
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- H 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the third buffer layer 5 is composed of an Al 0.64 Ga 0.36 N layer doped with Si as an impurity serving as a donor and having a thickness of 100 nm. That is, the third buffer layer 5 is formed of the same constituent elements as the second buffer layer 4.
- the composition of the third buffer layer 5 is appropriately set so as to have a band gap energy so that the light emitted from the light emitting layer 6 is not absorbed. In the present embodiment, the composition of the third buffer layer 5 is equal to the composition of the second buffer layer 4. Is set.
- the film thickness of the third buffer layer 5 is not limited to 100 nm.
- the growth temperature is set to 1100 ° C.
- the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa
- TMAl as the aluminum source
- TMGa as the gallium source
- NH 3 as the nitrogen source
- TESi as the silicon source.
- H 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the growth condition of the third buffer layer 5 is basically different from the growth condition of the second buffer layer 4 only in that TESi is increased as a source gas.
- the flow rate of TESi is set to 0.0009 L / min (0.9 SCCM) in a standard state.
- the light emitting layer 6 includes a barrier layer made of an Al 0.64 Ga 0.36 N layer having a thickness of 10 nm and a well layer made of an Al 0.50 Ga 0.50 N layer having a thickness of 3 nm.
- the composition of the barrier layer is set to be equal to the composition of the element of the third buffer layer 5, and the composition of the well layer is set so that the band gap energy is 4.4 eV.
- the light emitting layer 6 has a multiple quantum well structure in which barrier layers and well layers are alternately stacked so that the number of well layers is three.
- each composition of a well layer and a barrier layer is not limited, According to a desired light emission wavelength, it sets suitably.
- the number of well layers is not particularly limited, and for example, a single quantum well structure with one well layer may be adopted. Further, the thicknesses of the barrier layer and the well layer are not particularly limited.
- the growth temperature is set to 1100 ° C., which is the same as that of the third buffer layer 4, and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa is used as a raw material for gallium
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- H 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the molar ratio (flow rate ratio) of the group III material is appropriately changed between the growth of the barrier layer and the growth of the well layer, but the barrier layer and the third buffer layer 5 have the same composition.
- the lowermost barrier layer of the light emitting layer 6 can be grown without interrupting the growth.
- Each composition of the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a and the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 is such that the band gap energy of the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a is the second p-type semiconductor layer. It is set to be larger than the band gap energy of 7b.
- the composition of the second p-type semiconductor layer is set so that the band gap energy is the same as that of the barrier layer.
- the film thickness of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 is set to 20 nm for the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a, 50 nm for the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b, and 20 nm for the third p-type semiconductor layer 7c. However, these film thicknesses are not particularly limited.
- the growth temperature is set to 1100 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa is used as a raw material for gallium
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- Cp 2 Mg is used as a raw material for magnesium which is an impurity imparting p-type conductivity, and a carrier for transporting each raw material.
- the gas H 2 gas is used.
- the growth condition of the third p-type semiconductor layer 7c is basically the same as the growth condition of the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b, except that the supply of TMAl is stopped.
- the flow rate of Cp 2 Mg is set to 0.02 L / min (20 SCCM) in a standard state during the growth of each of the p-type semiconductor layers 7a to 7c.
- the third buffer in which the impurity serving as a donor is doped between the second buffer layer 4 and the light emitting layer 6 as in the first embodiment. Since the layer 5 is provided, threading dislocations and residual strain in the light emitting layer 6 can be reduced, the crystallinity of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, the internal quantum efficiency can be improved, and the piezoelectric field generated in the light emitting layer 6 is reduced. 3 is relaxed by the carriers generated by the buffer layer 5, the internal quantum efficiency in the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, and high output can be achieved.
- the impurity doped in the third buffer layer 5 functions as a donor, electrons can be supplied to the light emitting layer 6 while maintaining conductivity. Also in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment, since the impurity doped in the third buffer layer 5 is Si, the surface flatness of the third buffer layer 5 can be improved, and the light emitting layer 6 can improve the flatness of the growth substrate 6 to improve the quality of the light emitting layer 6 and improve the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer 6.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment is a visible light emitting diode, and is an n-type nitride semiconductor composed of a single crystal substrate 1, a first buffer layer 2 made of a GaN layer, and a Si-doped n-type GaN layer. a layer 3, the second buffer layer 4 made of in 0.02 Ga 0.98 N layer, the third buffer layer 5 made of in 0.02 Ga 0.98 N layer doped with Si which is an impurity serving as a donor, an in 0.20 Ga A light emitting layer 6 having a 0.80 N / In 0.02 Ga 0.98 N quantum well structure and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 are formed.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 includes a first p-type semiconductor layer 7a made of a Mg-doped p-type Al 0.10 Ga 0.90 N layer on the light emitting layer 6, and a Mg-doped p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7a on the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a.
- the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b is made of a p-type GaN layer.
- the first buffer layer 2 is provided in order to reduce threading dislocations in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 and to reduce residual strain in the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3, and a low-temperature GaN buffer layer having a thickness of 25 nm. Consists of.
- the film thickness of the first buffer layer 2 is not limited to 25 nm.
- the single crystal substrate 1 made of a sapphire substrate is first introduced into the reactor of the MOVPE apparatus, and then the substrate temperature is maintained while maintaining a predetermined growth pressure (for example, 10 kPa ⁇ 76 Torr). Is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1250 ° C.) and then heated for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes) to clean the upper surface of the single crystal substrate 1. Next, with the substrate temperature lowered and the substrate temperature maintained at 500 ° C., the flow rate of TMGa, which is a gallium raw material, is set to 0.02 L / min (20 SCCM) in a standard state, and ammonia, which is a nitrogen raw material.
- TMGa which is a gallium raw material
- the flow rate of (NH 3 ) is set to 2 L / min (2 SLM) in a standard state
- supply of TMGa and NH 3 into the reactor is started simultaneously to deposit an amorphous GaN layer.
- the first buffer layer 2 made of a polycrystallized GaN layer is performed by raising the substrate temperature to a predetermined annealing temperature (for example, 1100 ° C.) and holding the substrate temperature at the annealing temperature for 5 minutes. Get.
- a predetermined annealing temperature for example, 1100 ° C.
- the first buffer layer 2 is not limited to a GaN layer, and an AlGaN layer or an AlN layer may be employed.
- the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is composed of an n-type GaN layer formed on the first buffer layer 2.
- the thickness of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is set to 4 ⁇ m, but is not particularly limited.
- n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 is not limited to a single layer structure may be a multilayer structure, for example, a first n-type on the buffer layer 2 Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 N layer, n-type Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 N And an n-type GaN layer on the layer.
- the growth temperature is set to 1100 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMGa is used as a gallium raw material
- NH 3 is used as a nitrogen raw material
- TESi is used as a Si raw material that imparts n-type conductivity
- H 2 gas and N 2 are used as carrier gases for transporting each raw material. Gas is used.
- the flow rate of TESi is set to 0.0009 L / min (0.9 SCCM) in the standard state.
- the raw materials are not particularly limited.
- TEGa may be used as a gallium raw material, a hydrazine derivative as a nitrogen raw material, and SiH 4 as a silicon raw material.
- the second buffer layer 4 is composed of an In 0.02 Ga 0.98 N layer having a film thickness of 15 nm, and the composition is set so that the band gap energy is 3.2 eV, but the film thickness and composition are not particularly limited. .
- the growth temperature is set to 750 ° C., and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMGa is used as a gallium raw material
- TMIn is used as an indium raw material
- NH 3 is used as a nitrogen raw material
- N 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the third buffer layer 5 reduces threading dislocations and residual distortion of the light emitting layer 6 and improves the flatness of the base of the light emitting layer 3, and further uses the carriers generated in the third buffer layer 5.
- the light emitting layer 6 is provided in order to relax the piezoelectric field, and is composed of an InGaN layer having a thickness of 100 nm doped with Si as an impurity serving as a donor. That is, the third buffer layer 5 is formed of the same constituent elements as the second buffer layer 4.
- the composition of the third buffer layer 5 is appropriately set so as to have a band gap energy so that the light emitted from the light emitting layer 6 is not absorbed. In the present embodiment, the composition of the third buffer layer 5 is equal to the composition of the second buffer layer 4. Is set.
- the film thickness of the third buffer layer 5 is not limited to 100 nm.
- the growth temperature is set to 750 ° C., and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMIn is used as an indium raw material
- TMGa is used as a gallium raw material
- NH 3 is used as a nitrogen raw material
- TESi is used as a silicon raw material
- N 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each raw material.
- the growth condition of the third buffer layer 5 is basically different from the growth condition of the second buffer layer 4 only in that TESi is increased as a source gas.
- the flow rate of TESi is set to 0.0009 L / min (0.9 SCCM) in a standard state.
- the light emitting layer 6 includes a barrier layer made of an In 0.02 Ga 0.98 N layer having a thickness of 10 nm and a well layer made of an In 0.20 Ga 0.80 N layer having a thickness of 3 nm.
- the composition of the barrier layer is set equal to the composition of the element of the third buffer layer 5, and the composition of the well layer is set so that the band gap energy is 2.7 eV.
- the light emitting layer 6 has a multiple quantum well structure in which barrier layers and well layers are alternately stacked so that the number of well layers is three.
- each composition of a well layer and a barrier layer is not limited, According to a desired light emission wavelength, it sets suitably.
- the number of well layers is not particularly limited, and for example, a single quantum well structure with one well layer may be employed.
- the thicknesses of the barrier layer and the well layer are not particularly limited.
- the growth temperature is set to 750 ° C., which is the same as that of the third buffer layer 4, and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMIn is used as a source material for indium
- TMGa is used as a source material for gallium
- NH 3 is used as a source material for nitrogen
- N 2 gas is used as a carrier gas for transporting each source material.
- the molar ratio (flow rate ratio) of the group III material is appropriately changed between the growth of the barrier layer and the growth of the well layer, but the barrier layer and the third buffer layer 5 have the same composition.
- the lowermost barrier layer of the light emitting layer 6 can be grown without interrupting the growth.
- the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 is formed on the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a made of the p-type Al 0.10 Ga 0.90 N layer formed on the light emitting layer 6, and on the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a. and a second p-type semiconductor layer 7b made of a p-type GaN layer.
- the compositions of the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a and the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b are such that the band gap energy of the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a is the band gap energy of the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b. It is set to be larger.
- the film thickness of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 is set to 20 nm for the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a and 50 nm for the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b, but these film thicknesses are not particularly limited. .
- the growth temperature is set to 1100 ° C. and the growth pressure is set to 10 kPa.
- TMAl is used as a raw material for aluminum
- TMGa is used as a raw material for gallium
- NH 3 is used as a raw material for nitrogen
- Cp 2 Mg is used as a raw material for magnesium which is an impurity imparting p-type conductivity, and a carrier for transporting each raw material.
- H 2 gas is used.
- the growth condition of the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b is basically the same as the growth condition of the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a, except that the supply of TMAl is stopped. Note that the flow rate of Cp 2 Mg is set to 0.02 L / min (20 SCCM) in a standard state during growth of each of the p-type semiconductor layers 7a and 7b.
- the third buffer in which the impurity serving as a donor is doped between the second buffer layer 4 and the light emitting layer 6 as in the first embodiment. Since the layer 5 is provided, threading dislocations and residual strain in the light emitting layer 6 can be reduced, the crystallinity of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, the internal quantum efficiency can be improved, and the piezoelectric field generated in the light emitting layer 6 is reduced. 3 is relaxed by the carriers generated by the buffer layer 5, the internal quantum efficiency in the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, and the output can be increased. Further, the impurity doped in the third buffer layer 5 functions as a donor.
- the impurity of the third buffer layer 5 is Si
- the flatness of the surface of the third buffer layer 5 can be improved and the light emitting layer 6 can be grown.
- the flatness of the base is improved, the quality of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, and the internal quantum efficiency of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved.
- the basic configuration of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of this embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is substantially the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the film thicknesses of the first buffer layer 2 and the third buffer layer 5, the third buffer layer, and the like. 5 and the thickness of the first to third p-type semiconductor layers 7a to 7c of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 are different.
- symbol is attached
- the thickness of the first buffer layer 2 made of a single crystal AlN layer is set to 2.5 nm, and the third buffer layer made of an n-type AlGaInN layer doped with Si as an impurity serving as a donor
- the film thickness of 5 is set to 18 nm, these film thicknesses are not particularly limited.
- the light emitting layer 6 has an AlGaInN quantum well structure (in this embodiment, it has a multiple quantum well structure, but may have a single quantum well structure), and the well layer 6a and the barrier layer 6b are formed as well layers.
- the layers 6a are alternately stacked so that the number of 6a is two.
- Each well layer 6a is composed of an AlGaInN layer having a thickness of 1.7 nm
- a barrier layer 6b between the well layers 6a and 6a is composed of an Si-doped n-type AlGaInN layer having a thickness of 7 nm.
- the barrier layer 6b between the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 is composed of a Si-doped n-type AlGaInN layer having a thickness of 14 nm (the barrier layer 6b between the well layers 6a and 6a is twice the thickness). ing. Similar to the third buffer layer, the composition of the barrier layer 6b is set so that the band gap energy is 4.7 eV, and the composition of the well layer 6a is set so that the band gap energy is 4.4 eV. Has been. In addition, each composition of the well layer 6a and the barrier layer 6b is not limited, It sets suitably according to a desired light emission wavelength.
- the number of well layers 6a is not particularly limited, and for example, a single quantum well structure with one well layer 6a may be employed. Further, the film thicknesses of the barrier layer 6b and the well layer 6a are not particularly limited. Further, in the light emitting layer 6, although the barrier layer is doped with Si, the doping amount of Si is not particularly limited, and Si does not necessarily have to be doped.
- the thickness of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7 is 15 nm for the first p-type semiconductor layer 7a made of the p-type AlGaInN layer, 55 nm for the second p-type semiconductor layer 7b made of the p-type AlGaInN layer, and p-type.
- the third p-type semiconductor layer 7c made of In 0.03 Ga 0.97 N is set to 15 nm, the film thickness is not particularly limited.
- PL measurement was performed.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the film thickness of the third buffer layer 5 is sufficiently larger than the film thickness of the second buffer layer 4 compared to the case of using a 5 nm sample slightly larger than the film thickness of the second buffer layer 4 (3 nm).
- the PL emission intensity is large, and particularly the 17.5 nm sample shows a large emission intensity.
- the thickness of the third buffer layer 5 is larger than that of the second buffer layer 4, the PL emission intensity increases.
- the sample with the thickness of the third buffer layer 5 of 22.5 nm has a thickness of 17
- the PL emission intensity is smaller than that of the sample of .5 nm.
- a V-shaped defect hereinafter referred to as a V-type defect
- the third buffer layer made of a Si-doped n-type AlGaInN layer 5.
- the light-emitting layer 6 is caused by a V-type defect due to an increased growth film thickness. It is surmised that the emission intensity decreased because the volume of 6 decreased.
- the Si concentration of the n-type nitride semiconductor layer 3 made of a Si-doped n-type Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 N layer is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3
- PL measurement at room temperature (RT) was performed on a plurality of samples in which the Si concentrations of the third buffer layer 5 and the barrier layer 6b were changed with the surface of the light emitting layer 6 exposed.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows a large light emission intensity in a sample in which the third buffer layer 5 and the barrier layer 6b have a Si concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- FIG. 11 shows the results of measurement of the current injection emission spectrum of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the example formed with the materials, compositions, and thicknesses of the above-described layers 2 to 7, and
- FIG. 12 shows the results of measurement of the relationship between the current-light output and the external quantum efficiency when the device was subjected to current injection light emission at room temperature (RT).
- RT room temperature
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the example provided with the third buffer layer doped with Si has an emission peak wavelength at about 282 nm in the deep ultraviolet region.
- “ ⁇ ” represents the current-light output characteristic of the example
- “ ⁇ ” represents the current-external quantum efficiency characteristic
- the light output is 10.6 mW at maximum
- the external quantum efficiency is 1.2% at maximum. It is shown that.
- the third buffer in which the impurity serving as a donor is doped between the second buffer layer 4 and the light emitting layer 6 as in the first embodiment. Since the layer 5 is provided, threading dislocations and residual strain in the light emitting layer 6 can be reduced, the crystallinity of the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, the internal quantum efficiency can be improved, and the piezoelectric field generated in the light emitting layer 6 is reduced. 3 is relaxed by the carriers generated by the buffer layer 5, the internal quantum efficiency in the light emitting layer 6 can be improved, and the output can be increased. Further, the impurity doped in the third buffer layer 5 functions as a donor. Therefore, electrons can be supplied to the light emitting layer 6 while maintaining conductivity.
- the thickness of the third buffer layer 5 (for example, 18 nm) is larger than the thickness of the second buffer layer 4 (for example, 3 nm). It is possible to improve the flatness of the third buffer layer 5 serving as a growth base.
- the third buffer layer serving as the growth base of the light emitting layer 6 is used. 5 can be reduced, and the internal quantum efficiency in the light emitting layer 6 can be increased.
- the barrier layer 6b in contact with the well layer 6a of the quantum well structure constituting the light emitting layer 6 is doped with the impurity serving as a donor, so that the inside of the light emitting layer 6 having the quantum well structure Can be effectively mitigated by the carriers generated by the barrier layer 6b.
- the light emitting layer 6 has a multiple quantum well structure or a single quantum well structure.
- the light emitting layer 6 has a single layer structure, and the light emitting layer 6 and the light emitting layer 6 are arranged on both sides in the thickness direction.
- a double hetero structure may be formed by the layers (the third buffer layer 5 and the first p-type semiconductor layer of the p-type nitride semiconductor layer 7). Further, the technical idea of the present invention can be applied and developed in various structures as long as the basic configuration described in each of the above embodiments can be applied.
- the method for manufacturing the nitride semiconductor light emitting element using the MOVPE method has been exemplified.
- the crystal growth method is not limited to the MOVPE method.
- the halide vapor phase growth method (HVPE method) or molecular beam epitaxy method (MBE method) may be employed.
- a sapphire substrate is used as the single crystal substrate 1 in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device.
- the single crystal substrate 1 is not limited to a sapphire substrate.
- a spinel substrate, a silicon substrate, a carbonized substrate is used.
- a silicon substrate, a zinc oxide substrate, a gallium phosphide substrate, a gallium arsenide substrate, a magnesium oxide substrate, a zirconium boride substrate, a group III nitride semiconductor crystal substrate, or the like may be used.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の窒化物半導体発光素子は、紫外発光ダイオードであって、図1に示すように、エピタキシャル成長用の単結晶基板1と、単結晶基板1の上面側に形成された第1のバッファ層2と、第1のバッファ層2の上面側に形成されたn形窒化物半導体層3と、n形窒化物半導体層3の上面側に第2のバッファ層4を介して形成された第3のバッファ層5と、第3のバッファ層5の上面側に形成された発光層6と、発光層6の上面側に形成されたp形窒化物半導体層7から構成されている。n形窒化物半導体層3にはカソード電極(図示なし)が形成され、p形窒化物半導体層7にはアノード電極(図示なし)が形成されている。
図5に示す本実施形態の窒化物半導体発光素子の基本構成は実施形態1と略同じであり、単結晶基板1、第1のバッファ層2以外の各層3~7の構成元素や組成などが相違する。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を適宜省略する。
図6に示す本実施形態の窒化物半導体発光素子の基本構成は実施形態1と略同じであり、単結晶基板1以外の各層2~7の構成元素や組成などが実施形態1と相違する。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を適宜省略する。
図7に示す本実施形態の窒化物半導体発光素子の基本構成は実施形態1と略同じであり、第1のバッファ層2、第3のバッファ層5それぞれの膜厚や、第3のバッファ層5上の発光層6の構造や、p形窒化物半導体層7の第1~第3のp形半導体層7a~7cの膜厚などが相違する。なお、実施形態1と同様の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
Claims (7)
- 以下の構成を備えた窒化物半導体発光素子;
単結晶基板;
前記単結晶基板の上面側に形成された第1のバッファ層;
前記第1のバッファ層の上面側に形成されたn形窒化物半導体層;
前記n形窒化物半導体層の上面側に形成された第2のバッファ層;
前記第2のバッファ層の上面側に形成された発光層;
前記発光層の上面側に形成されたp形窒化物半導体層;
前記第2のバッファ層と前記発光層との間に、ドナーとなる不純物がドープされた第3のバッファ層が設けられることを特徴とする窒化物半導体発光素子。 - 前記不純物は、Siであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記第3のバッファ層は、前記第2のバッファ層と同一の構成元素を有することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記第3のバッファ層のバンドギャップエネルギが、前記発光層から放たれる光の光子エネルギよりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記第3のバッファ層は、前記第2のバッファ層よりも大きな膜厚を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記第3のバッファ層のドナー濃度が、前記n形窒化物半導体層のドナー濃度よりも低いことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
- 前記発光層が量子井戸構造を有し、この量子井戸構造の障壁層にはドナーとなる前記不純物がドープされることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物半導体発光素子。
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KR1020107022694A KR101238459B1 (ko) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-23 | 질화물 반도체 발광 소자 |
CN2009801107535A CN101981711B (zh) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-23 | 氮化物半导体发光器件 |
EP09724676.3A EP2270879B1 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-23 | Nitride semiconductor light emitting element and manufacturing method thereof |
US12/933,927 US8445938B2 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-23 | Nitride semi-conductive light emitting device |
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JP2008079786 | 2008-03-26 | ||
JP2008-079786 | 2008-03-26 | ||
JP2008-168516 | 2008-06-27 | ||
JP2008168516A JP5279006B2 (ja) | 2008-03-26 | 2008-06-27 | 窒化物半導体発光素子 |
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WO2009119498A1 true WO2009119498A1 (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
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PCT/JP2009/055656 WO2009119498A1 (ja) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-23 | 窒化物半導体発光素子 |
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US (1) | US8445938B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2270879B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5279006B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101238459B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101981711B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009119498A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120049156A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-01 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Nitride semiconductor device and semiconductor optical device |
Families Citing this family (10)
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JP2011204959A (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-10-13 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 窒化物半導体発光素子 |
US8817358B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-08-26 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Thin film stack with surface-conditioning buffer layers and related methods |
CN104218132A (zh) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-17 | 苏州新纳晶光电有限公司 | 一种氮化镓图形衬底的制备方法 |
KR102050056B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-09 | 2019-11-28 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 발광 소자 |
JP2017085006A (ja) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-18 | 富士通株式会社 | 化合物半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
US9680056B1 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2017-06-13 | Bolb Inc. | Ultraviolet light-emitting device with a heavily doped strain-management interlayer |
JP6486401B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-08 | 2019-03-20 | 日機装株式会社 | 半導体発光素子および半導体発光素子の製造方法 |
KR102473891B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-12 | 2022-12-02 | 장시 자오 츠 세미컨덕터 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 일종 광 추출 효율을 제고할 수 있는 자외선 발광다이오드 칩 및 그 제조법 |
JP6829235B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-01 | 2021-02-10 | 日機装株式会社 | 半導体発光素子および半導体発光素子の製造方法 |
DE102018133526A1 (de) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelektronisches halbleiterbauelement mit einer zwischenschicht und verfahren zur herstellung des optoelektronischen halbleiterbauelements |
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- 2009-03-23 KR KR1020107022694A patent/KR101238459B1/ko active Active
- 2009-03-23 CN CN2009801107535A patent/CN101981711B/zh active Active
- 2009-03-23 EP EP09724676.3A patent/EP2270879B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2270879A4 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
US20110042713A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
EP2270879A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
KR101238459B1 (ko) | 2013-02-28 |
EP2270879B1 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
JP2009260203A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
CN101981711A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
KR20100122516A (ko) | 2010-11-22 |
JP5279006B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
CN101981711B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
US8445938B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
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