TWI396814B - 照明裝置 - Google Patents
照明裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI396814B TWI396814B TW095148130A TW95148130A TWI396814B TW I396814 B TWI396814 B TW I396814B TW 095148130 A TW095148130 A TW 095148130A TW 95148130 A TW95148130 A TW 95148130A TW I396814 B TWI396814 B TW I396814B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/12—Combinations of only three kinds of elements
- F21V13/14—Combinations of only three kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements, reflectors and refractors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
- F21V29/60—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
- F21V29/67—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/30—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/851—Wavelength conversion means
- H10H20/8514—Wavelength conversion means characterised by their shape, e.g. plate or foil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/851—Wavelength conversion means
- H10H20/8515—Wavelength conversion means not being in contact with the bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Description
本案主張第60/753,138號之美國臨時專利申請案的利益,其申請於2005年12月22日,其整體在此合併作為參考。
本案主張第60/831,775號之美國臨時專利申請案的利益,其申請於2006年7月19日,其整體在此合併作為參考。
本案係相關於一種照明裝置,特別是,一種裝置其包含一或多個固態發光體(light emitters)以及一或多個發光材料(亦即,一種或多種磷光體)。在一特定層面中,本案相關於一種照明裝置,其包括一種或多種光發射二極體,以及一種或多種發光材料。
在美國所產生的電能中佔一大部份(有時估計約佔三分之一)係用於照明。因此,提供更節省電能的照明是持續被需要的。眾所皆知的是,白熾燈泡係一種非常不節省電能的光源,白熾燈泡所消耗的電能約百分之九十係散發為熱量而非亮度。螢光燈泡跟白熾燈泡比較起來,更具有效率(約為4倍),但是相較於例如是發光二極體之固態發光體,仍然是非常不具有效率的。
另外,與固態發光二極體相較之下,白熾燈泡具有相對為短的生命週期,亦即一般的白熾燈泡約為750小時到1000小時。比較之下,發光二極體的生命週期例如,通常可以用幾十年來計算。螢光燈泡相較於白熾燈泡具有較長的生命週期(例如,10000小時到20000小時),但是螢光燈泡不能提供較好的色彩重現。色彩重現通常是利用演色性指數(Color Rendering Index)作為測量,其係當一個物體由特定燈光所照亮時,表面顏色之位移的相對測量。日光具有最高的演色性指數(為100的值),而白熾燈泡的演色性指數也相近於日光(約為95),但螢光燈具有較少的準確值(約為70-85),特定光照的特定型態具有相對低的演色性指數(例如,水銀蒸氣或是鈉),兩者皆具有低至40或是比40更低的值。
另一個由傳統光設備所面臨到的課題是,需要週期性的替換該照明設備(例如燈泡等等)。此種課題在拿取非常不便的地方(例如,拱狀天花板,橋樑,高大的建築物,交通隧道)顯得益發困難,在該些地方替換燈泡的花費非常的高昂。傳統設備的一般壽命在約為二十年,對應於照明裝置的使用時間則至少約為4,4000個小時(根據二十年中的每一天使用六小時來算),照明裝置的壽命通常與之比起來是短得多,因此產生了周期性替換的需求。
因此,對於以上以及其他的原因,可將固態發光體使用為替代白熾燈泡的方法被不間斷的努力發展,螢光燈以及其他的光產生設備係用於許多不同的應用中。另外,當發光二極體(或是其他固態發光體)已經被不停的應用,提供改良的發光二極體之應用正不間斷的發展,該些改良的項目亦即針對於能源的效率,演色性指數(CRI),功率(單位為Im/W),以及/或是服務壽命。
不同的固態發光體對於世人而言非常熟悉,例如一種型態的固態發光體係發光二極體。發光二極體眾所週知係一種將電流轉換為光的半導體設備。發光二極體的許多不同種類係基於永遠不斷擴大的用途中使用於不同的領域。
更特別的是,發光二極體係當電位差施加於p-n接面的結構之間而發光的半導體設備(發出紫外線,可見光或是紅外線)。市面上具有製造發光二極體的許多熟知方法,也有許多相關的結構,本發明可以使用任何一種市面上的設備。例如,由Sze所發表的1981年第二版的半導體設備物理(Physics of Semiconductor Devices)第12章至第14章,以及Sze所發表的1998年版現代半導體設備物理(Modern Semiconductor Device Physics)第7章,皆敘述不同的光子設備,包含發光二極體。
在此使用的「發光二極體」的表示語係參照基本半導體二極體結構(亦即,晶片),一般所認知的,並且可以在電子商店中買得到、所販售者通常為由許多部件所組成的「封裝後」的設備,該些封裝後設備通常包含以半導體為基礎的發光二極體,例如在美國專利第4918487號、第5631190號以及第5912477號中所敘述者;許多接線連接,以及密封該發光二極體之封裝。
如同為人所熟知的,一發光二極體係由激發在半導體主動(發光)層的導電帶與價電帶之間的電子而產生光,電子轉換所產生的光波常依據帶差而定。因此,由發光二極體發出的光的色彩(波長)依據發光二極體的主動層的半導體材料而定。
雖然發光二極體的發展在照明工業上具有許多革命性的發展,但是發光二極體的一些特徵已經面臨到挑戰,而其他的某特徵則無。例如,任何特定發光二極體的發光光譜一般集中在單一波長附近(由發光二極體的成分與結構而指定),該波長對於某些應用而言是所欲求的,但對於其他的應用卻是不適合的(例如提供照明而言,此種發光光譜提供非常低的演色性指數)。
因為所感知到為白色的光係基本上由二種或是更多種的色彩所混合,沒有單一的發光二極體可以產生白色光。其他的「白色」發光二極體產生包含(1)產生藍色光的發光二極體以及(2)發出黃色光的發光材料(例如,磷光體)以對應由發光二極體所發出的光,藉以當藍色光與黃色光混合時,產生被感知為白色光的光。
另外,混合主要色彩以產生非主要色彩的組合通常在此技術中以及其他技術中為人所熟知並且了解的,一般而言,1931年國際照明委員會色度圖(CIE chromaticity diagram,建立於1931年對於主要色彩之國際性標準),以及1976年國際照明委員會色度圖(類似於1931的圖解,但是經過修改使得在圖解上的類似距離表示類似的色彩差異),提供對於定義色彩為主要色彩的加權總合之實用參考。
發光二極體可以因此而使用於獨立的使用或是以任何的組合使用,可以選擇性的與一種或兩種發光材料(例如,磷光體或是閃爍物質)以及/或是濾光器,以產生任何所欲求的感知光(包含白光),因此,欲將發光二極體光源替代既有光源的努力領域,例如改進能量效率,演色性指數,效率(Im/W)以及/或是服務的年限,並不受限於任何特定的色彩或是光的混合色彩。
相關領域習知技術者對於不同種類的發光材料(亦稱發光螢光粉(lumiphors或是luminophoric)媒介,例如在美國專利第6,600,175號所揭示者,該案整體在此合併作為參考)係熟知且可輕易獲得的。舉例而言,磷光體可以是發光材料,其當由激發輻射源所激發時,放出反應性輻射(例如,可見光)。在許多例子中可知,反射性輻射具有不同於激發性輻射的波長。發光材料的其他範例包含閃爍物質,日間發光條以及依照紫外線索放射的可見光譜所發光的墨水。
發光材料可以分類為往下轉換,以及將光子轉換成較高的能階(較短的波長)。
將發光材料包含於LED元件中可以藉由例如混合或是塗覆的過程而將發光材料增加至一透明密封材料(例如,環氧基或是矽基的材料)而達成。
舉例而言,美國專利第6,963,166號(以下簡稱為Yano ‘166號)揭示傳統的發光二極體燈具包含發光二極體晶片,子彈型透明外殼以覆蓋發光二極體晶片,供應電流至該發光二極體晶片的導線,以及將發光二極體的發光以均勻的方向反射的杯狀反射器,其皆進一步以第二樹脂部份密封。根據Yano ‘166號,該第一樹脂部份係以樹脂材料填充杯狀反射器並且將其固定,在發光二極體經瑱已經裝設在杯狀設器的底部上之後,並且其陽極以及陰極電極係以電線方式電連接至導線。根據Yano ‘166號,磷光體係散發至第一樹脂部份,以被A光所激發,A光係從該發光二極體晶片處發射,該所激發的磷光體產生螢光(即B光),B光的波長係長於A光,A光的部份係經由第一樹脂部份(包含磷光體)傳送,最終結果A光與B光混合成C光,作為照明。
如同以上所述,「白色LED光」(亦即,感知成白色的或是接近白色的光)經過調查為白熾燈泡的潛在替代方案。白光LED燈具的代表性範例係包括藍色發光二極體晶片,其由氮化鎵所製成,其塗覆例如YAG的磷光體。在此種LED燈具中,藍色發光二極體晶片產生產生具有波長約450nm的放射光,磷光體產生黃色的螢光,其峰值約為550nm的波長。例如,在某些設計中,白色發光二極體係藉由形成陶瓷磷光體層於藍色發光半導體發光二極體的外部表面而製造。由發光二極體晶片所發射的藍色光之部份係通過磷光體,由發光二極體晶片所發射的藍色光之白色部分係由磷光體所吸收,其變成激發態並且放出黃光。由發光二極體發出的藍色光之部份經由該磷光體所傳送者係由磷光體所放出的黃光所混合,觀看者將藍色光與黃色光之混合感知為白色光。
如同以上所述,在另一個LED燈具的形式中,發出紫外線的發光二極體晶片係由磷光材料所組合,其產生紅色(R)光,綠色(G)光以及藍色(B)光。在此種LED燈具中,從該發光二極體晶片中放出的紫外線係激發磷光體,造成磷光體發出紅色、綠色及藍色光,該些光線經混合時,將由人類眼睛感知為白色光。因此,白色光也可以從混合該些光線而得到。
既有的LED組件包裝所提供的設計係與其他電子組件組裝為固定裝置。在此種設計中,鋒裝的LED係裝設在電路板上,該電路板係裝設至散熱器,並且該散熱器係與其他所需的驅動電子元件一起裝設至該固定外殼,在許多例子中,額外的光學組件(次於封裝部份)亦是必須的。
將發光二極體替代為其他光源,亦即白熾燈泡,封裝的LED已經使用為傳統的照明固定裝置。該固定裝置包含例如包含空心鏡頭,以及附加至鏡頭的基板,該基板具有傳統的插槽外殼,其具有一或多個電連接至電源的接點。例如,LED燈泡已經組構成包含電子電路板,裝設至該電路板的多個封裝LED,以及附接至電路板並且適於連接至該照明裝置插槽外殼的連接柱,如此該多個LED可以由該電源所照射。
使用固態發光體的方式在各種不同的應用上具有不間斷的需求,例如發光二極體,具有更大的能量效率,改良的演色性指數,改良的對比,改良的功效(Im/W),以及/或是對於所有可能的光色彩具有更久的服務時間,包括白光(包含感知為白色的光)。
如同以上所指出者,在傳統的LED封裝上使用發光材料以為了提供一或是更多的色度顏色,LED一般係以密封物所覆蓋,例如,固化聚合物樹脂,其中散佈發光材料,例如,磷光體的發光材料。
另外,如同在2005年12月21日申請的美國專利申請案第60/752,753號,標題為「照明裝置」(Lighting Devices)中所敘述者(發明人:Gerald H。Negley,Antony Paul Ven de Ven以及Neal Hunter),其整體在此合併作為參考,使用固態發光體(例如,發光二極體晶片)以及發光材料之照明裝置,其中該固態發光體(例如晶片)係裝設於外殼上。
本發明之整體目的在於在此種裝置中將從固態發光體(例如,發光二極體晶片)或是封裝(例如,LED封裝)擷取的光加以最大化。
在一般包含磷光體的LED封裝的情況中,所擷取之光(亦即從LED中所擷取者)很顯著的部份(例如,在許多情況中是高達20%至25%)係從磷光體反射(往回散射)回發光二極體晶片/封裝。往回散射至發光二極體晶片本身的光非常低的比例是從晶片散發出,因此此種往回散射會造成系統能量的損耗。
另外,此種從磷光體轉換的光屬於全方位的光,所以整體上50%的光係返回至LED光源。
另外,如果發光元件的厚度太厚,並且/或是如果在該發光元件內的發光材料(例如,磷光體)內容物太大,可能會發生「自我吸收」的狀況。自我吸收係發生在封裝層內部的發光停留在封裝層內時,激發其他的磷光體粒子,並且最終會被吸收或是不會激發該裝置,因此而減少了效能(強度)以及效率。另外,如果發光材料(例如磷光體)的粒子尺寸太大,發光材料之粒子可能造成擷取源(LED晶片)以及由磷光體產生的光之不必要的散射。
根據本發明之某一個層面,藉由將固態發光體與發光元件在空間上相間隔開,則可以改進擷取效率。另外,藉由將固態發光體之照明表面面對發光元件的表面面積製造成遠小於該發光元件面對該固態發光體的表面面積,任何從擷取源往回散射的光或是從發光元件發出的光在固態發光體中被重新吸收的比率會降低。
根據本發明之第一個層面,提供一種照明裝置,其包含至少一個固態發光體以及至少一個發光元件,其中該發光元件包含至少一個發光材料,並且與固態發光體相間隔。在本發明的此一層面中,發光元件具有較固態發光體的照明表面至少兩倍大的表面面積(在某些實施例中為至少五倍大,在某些實施例中則為至少十倍大)。
在根據此一層面的明確特徵中,該發光元件與固態發光體相隔開一段距離,該距離係至少相等於照明表面的最大面積。
在根據此一層面之明確特徵中,發光元件係與固態發光體以一距離間隔開,其距離範圍從約100微米至750微米之間(舉例而言,從約為500微米至約為750微米,例如,約為750微米)。
根據本發明之第二層面,提供一種照明裝置,其包含至少一個固態發光體以及至少一個發光元件,其中該發光元件包含至少一個發光材料,並且係與固態發光體相間隔開。在本發明之此一層面中,該固態發光體具有面對發光元件之一照明表面,而該發光元件亦具有一發光元件表面,其面對該固態發光體。另外,在本發明之此一層面中,該發光元件表面係實質上平行於該照明表面,並且該發光元件表面具有一表面面積,其至少兩倍大於(在某些實施例中至少為五倍大,並且在某些實施例中至少為十倍大)該照明表面之表面面積。
根據此一層面之明確特徵中,該發光元件係與固態發光體以一距離相間隔開,其距離至少等於該照明表面的最大尺寸。
根據本發明之第三層面,提供一種照明裝置,其包含至少一個固態發光體以及至少一個發光元件,其中該發光元件包含至少一個發光材料,並且該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開。
在此一層面中,虛擬第一平坦形狀係由一組發光元件點所定義,該發光元件點之每一者係位於x-y平面上,該平面係相對於一z軸,其z軸係通過該固態發光體的中心以及發光元件之中心,並且具有x,y座標,該xy座標係相對於該z軸的每一點徑向位置而言,係在發光元件上距離z軸最遠的徑向位置為x,y座標,亦即,該第一平坦形狀係該發光元件投影到垂直於z軸的一平面,該z軸連接該發光元件與固態發光體之個別中心。一虛擬第二平坦形狀係由發光體的點之集合所定義,該發光體的點之每一者係位於x-y平面上,該平面係相對於一z軸,其z軸具有x,y座標,該x,y座標係相對於該z軸的每一點徑向位置而言,係在固態發光體上距離z軸最遠的徑向位置為x,y座標,亦即,該第二平坦形狀係該固態發光體投影到垂直於z軸的一平面,該z軸連接該發光元件與固態發光體之個別中心。在此一層面中,該第一平坦形狀的面積係至少兩倍大於(在某些實施例中至少五倍大,並且在某些實施例中至少十倍大)第二平坦形狀之面積(其中多於一個固態發光體係出現在照明裝置中,在以上所比較的固態發光體係照明裝置中具有最大第二平坦形狀的任一個固態發光體)。
根據此一層面之明確特徵中,該發光元件係與固態發光體相間隔開一距離,其距離為至少等於第二平坦形狀的最大尺寸。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,該固態發光體係一發光二極體晶片。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,該固態發光體具有一照明表面,其實質上屬平面。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,該發光元件具有實質上為平坦之照明表面。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,該發光元件包含一基質(例如,其可以是聚合物材料,其可被固化)其中包含一種發光材料。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,包含在發光元件內的發光材料的數量不超過約為15%的體積。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,該發光元件包含至少一個磷光體。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,該發光元件包含發光材料之粒子,其具有不大於50微米的平均粒子尺寸。
根據本發明之另一個明確特徵,發光元件的厚度係不大於1公分。
在一特定層面中,照明裝置係可產生被感知為「白色」的光。
本發明可以藉由參照所附圖式以及下述本發明的詳細敘述而獲得完整了解。
如同以上所敘述者,根據本發明之不同層面,提供一種照明裝置,其包括至少一固態發光體以及至少一種發光元件,該發光元件包含至少一種發光材料。
任何所欲求的固態發光體可以根據本發明而使用。習知技術者可以了解的是,可以利用許多不同種類的此種發光體。此種固態發光體包含無機以及有機的發光體。此種發光體的種類的範例包含發光二極體(無機發光二極體或是有機發光二極體),雷射二極體以及薄膜電場照明裝置,上述種種每一者皆屬相關技術中為人所熟知者。如同以上所述,對於不同種類的發光材料(亦稱發光螢光粉(lumiphors或是luminophoric)媒介,例如在美國專利第6,600,175號所揭示者,該案整體在此合併作為參考)本技術領域具有通常知識者係熟知且可輕易取得的。根據本發明可以使用任何此種材料。
在本發明的一個層面中,提供一種裝置,其包含至少第一與第二固態發光體,其中該第一固態發光體發出第一波長的光,而第二固態發光體發出第二波長的光,第一波長不同於第一波長。在此種裝置中,該固態發光體可以發出任何在紅外線的範圍內,可見光與紫外線的範圍內所欲求的波長的光(或是所欲求的波長範圍),例如:(1)二種或是多種發光二極體發出在可見光譜中不同波長範圍之間的光,(2)二種或是多種發光二極體發出在紅外線光譜中不同波長範圍之間的光,(3)二種或是多種發光二極體發出在紫外線光譜中不同波長範圍之間的光,(4)一種或多種發光二極體發出在可見光譜中的光,且一種或多種發光二極體發出在在紅外線光譜中的光,(5)一種或多種發光二極體發出在可見光譜中的光,且一種或多種發光二極體發出在紫外線光譜中的光,等等。
如同以上所述者,本技術領域中熟習技術者對於許多種不同的發光體應可熟悉應用,包括不同種類的發光二極體,不同種類的雷射二極體以及不同種類的薄膜電場照明裝置,並且因此並不需要詳細描述此種設備,以及/或是描述製成此種設備的材料。
如同以上所特別指出者,根據本發明之照明裝置可以包含任何數量的固態發射器。例如,根據本發明之照明裝置可以包含50個或是更多的發光二極體,或是可以包含100個或是更多的發光二極體等等。一般而言,目前現有的發光二極體,可以藉由使用多數的相較下為小的發光二極體而達成絕佳的效能(例如,100個發光二極體每一者具有0.1平方釐米之表面面積,相對於25個發光二極體每一者具有0.4平方釐米之表面面積,但其他都相同)。
類似的是,操作於較低電流密度的發光二極體提供絕佳的效率。根據本發明,發光二極體汲取可以使用的特定電流。在本發明之某些實施例中,使用每一者汲取不多於50毫安培之發光二極體。
本發明之照明裝置中的固態發光體以及發光元件可以被配置為,以任何所欲求的方式裝設並且供應電力,並且可以被裝設在任何所欲求的外殼或是器具上,而該固態發光體可以用任何欲求的方式供應電力。經過訓練的技術人員應熟悉許多種不同的配置方式,安裝機制,電源供應裝置,外殼以及設備,以及任何此種配置,機制,裝置,外殼以及設備可以連接至本發明而使用。本發明之照明裝置可以電氣連接至(或是選擇性的電氣連接至)任何所欲求的電源,熟悉本技術領域之人員應可熟悉此種電源的許多不同種類。
固態發光體以及發光元件的配置代表性範例為,裝設固態發光體以及發光元件之機制,供應電力固態發光體之裝置,固態發光體以及發光元件之外殼,固態發光體以及發光元件之設備以及固態發光體之電力供應器,以上所有適用於本發明之照明裝置,都描述於美國專利申請案60/752753號,標題為「照明裝置」(發明人為Gerald H.Negley,Antony Paul Ven de Ven以及Neal Hunter),該案整體在此合併作為參考。此種設備本身亦可以整合絕佳散熱裝置。
在根據本發明的照明裝置之某些實施例中,該照明裝置包含一外殼,其具有高度反射元件,該高度反射元件具有錐狀壁部,例如,該裝置包含反射性壁部,其定義一個截體圓錐物(frustoconical shape)。根據本發明可以觀察到,整體擷取效率(經由光學元件)可以藉由包括具有椎狀壁部的此種反射性元件而改進。
在根據本發明之照明裝置的某些實施例中,該照明裝置包含一外殼,其具有高度反射性元件,該高度反射元件具有實質上呈直線形之壁部,例如,該裝置包含反射性壁部,其定義一個圓柱體。
表示語氣「在...上」(on),例如前述段落中使用在表達語氣「裝設於...其上」(mounted on),意指該第一結構係位於第二結構之「上」(on),其可接觸於第二結構,或是可以藉由一或多個插入結構與第二結構分開。
在此所敘述的物件係「電氣的連接」,意指在此兩個物件之間沒有電氣元件,其係以材質方式影響該功能,或是該功能由裝置所提供,舉例而言,兩個物件可以參照為電氣性的連接,雖然其之間具有小型的電阻,但並不以材質的方式影響該功能,或是由該裝置所提供的功能(連接兩元件的線可以的確想成是小型電阻);類似者,兩物件可以參照為電氣連接,雖然其之間具有額外的電氣物件允許該裝置執行額外的功能,但不是以材質方式影響該功能或是該功能由一裝置提供,該裝置係相同但不包含額外的物件;類似者,兩個物件其可直接的彼此連接,或是其係直接的連接至一電路板或是另一個以電氣連接的媒體上的軌跡或是接線的相對端上。
現有的一或多種發光材料可以世人何所欲求的發光材料。如同以上所述者,本技術領域具有通常知識者應熟悉並且可以容易地取得多種不同的發光材料。一種或是多種的發光材料可以是往下轉換或是往上轉換,或是可以包含往下轉換或是往上轉換這兩種形式。
舉例而言,該一或多種發光材料可以從磷光體,閃爍物質,日照發光條,在紫外線照射下發出可見光譜的墨水,等等。
當提供該一或多種發光材料時,可以用任何所欲求的形式提供。舉例而言,在某一層面中,根據本發明之照明裝置可以包含至少一種包含第一發光材料之發光元件,該發光元件係附加至一外殼,該發光元件以及外殼定義一內部空間,固態發光體之至少一者係置放於該內部空間中。
如果希望的話發光元件可以包含內嵌第一發光材料的材料。舉例而言,本技術領域具有通常知識者係非常熟悉發光元件,其包含例如磷光體,內嵌於樹脂(亦即聚合物基質),例如像是矽樹脂材料以及環氧化物材料之發光材料。
在本發明之一較佳層面中,照明裝置包含至少一種發光元件,其包含至少一種第一發光元件區域以及一種第二發光元件區域,該第一發光元件區域包含一種第一發光材料,該第二發光元件區域包含一種第二發光材料,該第一發光材料必須仰賴第一波長(或是波長範圍)發光而激發,第二發光材料必須仰賴第二波長(或是波長範圍)發光而激發,該第二波長(或是波長範圍)係不同於第一波長(或是波長範圍)。
根據本發明之另一個較佳層面中,照明裝置可以包括多種發光元件,發光元件每一者係包括至少一種發光材料,發光元件每一者係附加至一外殼以定義一內部空間,至少一種固態發光體係置放於每一個內部空間之內。
在本發明之實施例中,多個固態發光體係裝設在一外殼上,由該固態發光體所產生的熱負載係分布到該外殼表面。照明裝置分散到該外殼表面面積的密度越均勻,熱負載就可越均勻的分佈在該外殼表面。結果是,該外殼可以提供更有效率的熱消散,並且若是欲求的話該外殼可以製作的比外殼更小。
另外,藉由具有多個照明裝置(相對於單一光源),光源可以較不被陰影效應所影響-亦即,如果一物體較小於發光的區域之前方置放的區域,只有一部份的光線會被遮擋。因為光源係遵循惠更斯原理(Huygens principle,亦即指每一光源係作用為球面波前),陰影將不會被觀看到,並且僅有被照射源的輕微黯淡現象會被觀看到(相對於若是使用單一燈絲,則光會明顯的黯淡而會觀看到一陰影)。
根據本發明之裝置可以進一步的包含一或是更多種長時間使用壽命的裝置(例如具有極長使用壽命的風扇)。此種長時間的冷卻裝置可以包括壓電材料或是磁阻材料(例如,MR,GMR,以及/或是HMR材料),其作用如「中國風扇」般將空氣移出。根據本發明之冷卻裝置,一般而言僅需要突破邊界層的足夠空氣以讓溫度下降10至15度C。因此,在此種情況中,一般而言並不需要強烈「微風」或是大量的流體流量率(大量CFM)(因此而避免了傳統風扇的需求)。
根據本發明之裝置可以進一步包含輔助性光學元件以進一步改變發射光的投影本質。此種輔助性光學元件對於本技術領域具有通常知識者而言是為人所熟知的,並且因此不需要在此詳細的描述-如果需要的話,可以使用任何一種輔助性光學元件。
根據本發明之裝置可以進一步包含感測器或是充電裝置或是攝影機等等。舉例而言,本技術領域具有通常知識者應很熟悉且可以輕易取得的可偵測一個或是多個事件的裝置(例如,移動偵測器,其偵測物體或是人類的移動),並且為回應此種偵測的裝置,如光的追蹤器照明,保全攝影機的致動等等。作為代表性範例,根據本發明之裝置可以包含根據本發明的照明裝置以及移動感測器,並且組構以使得(1)當光照明時,如果移動感測器偵測到移動動作,保全照相機即被致動,以記錄被偵測動作的地點或其附近的視覺資料,或是(2)如果該移動感測器偵測到移動,照射的光係照亮被偵測動作地點附近的區域,而保全攝影機即被致動以記錄被偵測動作的地點或其附近的視覺資料,等等。
第一圖係概要的說明根據本發明之照明裝置10的一實施例。
在第一圖所敘述的照明裝置包含設備11(以概要方式顯示),其具有藍色光源(一個或多個發光二極體)以及高度反射性表面,磷光體以及散射層12,該散射層12具有大於發光二極體之表面面積(該磷光體產生黃色光,依照從發光二極體發出的光所激發),以及一對亮度增強薄膜13與14,其具有從照明裝置10所激發出的白色光。
亮度增強薄膜在本技術領域中係可輕易得到的。亮度增強薄膜(例如,BEF薄膜可從3M公司以商業方法獲得)係選擇性的-當使用時,其照射接受角度時提供更具方向性的光源。「不被接受」的光係藉由高度反射性光源包覆所回收。
散射層亦屬選擇性。散射層可以包含於磷光體層內,以及/或是可以提供一個別散射層。對於具有本技術領域相關知識者而言,許多種個別散射層以及發光層與散射層的組合屬眾所熟知的,任何一個此種層可以使用於本發明之照明裝置中。
在某些實施例中,包含有亮度增強薄膜(其可選擇性的替代為一個或是多個擷取薄膜,例如WFT),亮度增強薄膜係經由最佳化以將發光源的觀看角度限制,並且將第一次通過(或是最早可能通過)的光擷取的比率增加。
在根據本發明之某些實施例的照明裝置中,該照明裝置包含一散射器,其提供在一特定擷取角度內的光再循環,其損耗係小於與BEF薄膜相關的損耗。此種散射器的某些係將光擴散並且將之散射。此種光再循環散射器的一範例係「Engineered DiffuserTM
」,其可從RPC Photonics公司獲得。
較佳的是,該設備(例如,該外殼)之一個或多個表面屬反射性質,使得從某些固態發光體或是所有的固態發光體(例如,發光二極體)處發射的光,係可由此種反射性表面反射。
第二圖描述一個發光二極體20以及發光元件21,其置放的方式為,反射性表面彼此並未相對,以進一步解釋根據有關本發明第三個層面所提出的術語。
如同以上所述,在本發明之第三層面,第一(虛擬的)平坦形狀22係由一組發光元件點所定義,該發光元件點之每一者係位於x-y平面23上,該平面係相對於一z軸24,其z軸24係通過該固態發光體的中心25以及發光元件之中心26,並且具有x,y座標,該xy座標係相對於該z軸的每一點徑向位置而言,係在發光元件上距離z軸最遠的徑向位置為x,y座標,亦即,該第一平坦形狀係該發光元件投影到垂直於z軸的一平面,該z軸連接該發光元件與固態發光體之個別中心。一虛擬第二平坦形狀27係由發光體的點之集合所定義,該發光體的點之每一者係位於x-y平面上,該平面係相對於一z軸,其z軸具有x,y座標,該x,y座標係相對於該z軸的每一點徑向位置而言,係在固態發光體上距離z軸最遠的徑向位置為x,y座標,亦即,該第二平坦形狀係該固態發光體投影到垂直於z軸的一平面。在此第三層面中,該第一平坦形狀22的面積係至少兩倍大於第二平坦形狀27之面積。
在此所敘述的照明裝置之任何二個或是更多結構性部件可以整合。在此所敘述的該照明裝置之任何結構性部件可以以二個或是更多的部件提供(若是需要的話可以將其支撐在一起)。
10...照明裝置
11...設備
12...散射層
13...亮度增強薄膜
14...亮度增強薄膜
20...發光二極體
21...發光元件
22...第一平坦形狀
23...x-y平面
24...z軸
25...固態發光體中心
26...發光元件中心
27...第二平坦形狀
第一圖係一概要圖解,其說明根據本發明之實施例的一照明裝置10。
第二圖描述一發光二極體以及一發光元件,以進一步解釋有關於本發明第三層面所提出的術語。
10...照明裝置
11...設備
12...散射層
13...亮度增強薄膜
14...亮度增強薄膜
Claims (55)
- 一種照明裝置,其包含:至少一個固態發光體;以及至少一個發光元件,該發光元件包含至少一個發光材料,該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開,該固態發光體具有一照明表面,該發光元件具有一發光元件表面,該發光元件表面係至少兩倍大於該照明表面,該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,其至少相等於該照明表面的最大尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該固態發光體係一發光二極體晶片。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件表面係至少該照明表面之五倍大。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件表面係至少該照明表面之十倍大。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該照明表面係實質上為平坦。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件表面係實質上為平坦。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含一基質,其中包含一發光材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之照明裝置,其中該基質包含一聚合材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之照明裝置,其中該聚合材料係經固化。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中在該發光元件內的該發光材料不超過其容積的百分之十五。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含至少一個磷光體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含發光材料之粒子,該發光材料之粒子具有不超過五十微米的平均粒子尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件之厚度不超過一公分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個散射層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個亮度增強薄膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件亦是一個散射層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約100微米至約750微米的範圍內。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約500微米至約750微米的範圍內。
- 一種照明裝置,其包含: 至少一個固態發光體;以及至少一個發光元件,該發光元件包含至少一發光材料,該發光元件與該固態發光體相間隔開,該固態發光體具有一照明表面,其面對該發光元件,該發光元件具有一發光元件表面,其面對該固態發光體,該發光元件表面係實質上平行於該照明表面,該發光元件表面係至少兩倍大於該表面,該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,其距離係至少相等於該照明表面之最大尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該固態發光體係發光二極體晶片。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件表面係至少五倍大於該照明表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件表面係至少十倍大於該照明表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該照明表面係實質上為平坦。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件表面係實質上為平坦。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含一基質,其中包含一發光材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第25項之照明裝置,其中該基質包含一聚合材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項之照明裝置,其中該聚合材料係經過固化。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中在該發光元件內的發光材料之內容物係在容積上不大於其整體的百分之十五。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含至少一個磷光體。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含發光材料之粒子,該發光材料之粒子具有不大於50微米的平均粒子尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件之厚度不超過一公分。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個散射層。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個亮度增強薄膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件亦是一個散射層。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約100微米至約750微米的範圍內。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約500微米至約750微米的範圍內。
- 一種照明裝置,其包含:至少一個固態發光體;以及至少一個發光元件,該發光元件包含至少一發光材料,該發光元件與該固態發光體係相間隔開,該發光元件之一投影表面面積係以第一平坦形狀為形式,其至少兩倍大於該固態發光體以第二平坦形狀為形式的投影表面面積,該固態發光體具有在該照明裝置內每一固態發光體的一最大第二平坦形狀,該第一平坦形狀係由一組發光元件點所定義,該發光元件點之每一者係位於x-y平面上,該平面係相對於一z軸,並且具有x,y座標,該x,y座標係相對於該z軸的每一徑向位置,該發光元件上的x,y座標係在徑向位置上距離該z軸為最遠的點,該第二平坦形狀係由固態發光體的點集合所定義,該發光體的點之每一者係位於x-y平面上,該平面係相對於一z軸,其z軸通過該固態發光體的中心,並且通過該發光元件的中心,並且具有x,y座標,該x,y座標係相對於該z軸的每一徑向位置,該固態發光體上的x,y座標係在此徑向位置上距離該z軸為最遠的點,該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,其距離係至少相等於該第一平坦形狀之最大尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該固態發光體係發光二極體晶片。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該第二 平坦形狀係至少五倍大於該第一平坦形狀。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該第二平坦形狀係至少十倍大於該第一平坦形狀。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含一基質,其中包含一發光材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項之照明裝置,其中該基質包含一聚合材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第42項之照明裝置,其中該聚合材料係經過固化。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中在該發光元件內的發光材料之內容物係在容積上不大於其整體的百分之十五。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含至少一個磷光體。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件包含發光材料之粒子,該發光材料之粒子具有不大於50微米的平均粒子尺寸。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件之厚度不超過一公分。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個散射層。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其進一步包含至少一個亮度增強薄膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該發光 元件亦是一個散射層。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約100微米至約750微米的範圍內。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之照明裝置,其中該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約500微米至約750微米的範圍內。
- 一種照明裝置,其包含:至少一個固態發光體;以及至少一個發光元件,該發光元件包含至少一個發光材料,該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約100微米至約750微米的範圍內,該固態發光體具有一照明表面,該發光元件具有一發光元件表面,該發光元件表面係至少兩倍大於該照明表面。
- 一種照明裝置,其包含:至少一個固態發光體;以及至少一個發光元件,該發光元件包含至少一個發光材料,該發光元件係與該固態發光體相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約100微米至約750微米的範圍內,該固態發光體具有一照明表面,其面對該發光元件,該發光元件具有一發光元件表面,其面對該固態發光體,該發光元件表面係實質上平行於該照明表面,該發光 元件表面係至少兩倍大於該表面。
- 一種照明裝置,其包含:至少一個固態發光體;以及至少一個發光元件,該發光元件包含至少一發光材料,該發光元件與該固態發光體係相間隔開一段距離,該距離係在約100微米至約750微米的範圍內,該發光元件之一投影表面面積係以第一平坦形狀為形式,其至少兩倍大於該固態發光體以第二平坦形狀為形式的投影表面面積,該固態發光體具有在該照明裝置內每一固態發光體的一最大第二平坦形狀,該第一平坦形狀係由一組發光元件點所定義,該發光元件點之每一者係位於x-y平面上,該平面係相對於一z軸,並且具有x,y座標,該x,y座標係相對於該z軸的每一徑向位置,該發光元件上的x,y座標係在徑向位置上距離該z軸為最遠的點,該第二平坦形狀係由固態發光體的點集合所定義,該發光體的點之每一者係位於x-y平面上,該平面係相對於一z軸,其z軸通過該固態發光體的中心,並且通過該發光元件的中心,並且具有x,y座標,該x,y座標係相對於該z軸的每一徑向位置,該固態發光體上的x,y座標係在此徑向位置上距離該z軸為最遠的點。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101351891A (zh) | 2009-01-21 |
| WO2007073496A3 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| JP2009527071A (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
| KR20090009772A (ko) | 2009-01-23 |
| WO2007073496A2 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
| EP1969633A4 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
| BRPI0620397A2 (pt) | 2011-11-16 |
| EP1969633B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
| TW200738999A (en) | 2007-10-16 |
| CN101351891B (zh) | 2014-11-19 |
| US20130070442A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
| US20070236911A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
| US8858004B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
| JP2012054242A (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
| EP1969633A2 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
| US8328376B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
| US7614759B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
| US20100020532A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
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