KR20180043406A - 전이 금속/제올라이트 scr 촉매 - Google Patents
전이 금속/제올라이트 scr 촉매 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20180043406A KR20180043406A KR1020187011116A KR20187011116A KR20180043406A KR 20180043406 A KR20180043406 A KR 20180043406A KR 1020187011116 A KR1020187011116 A KR 1020187011116A KR 20187011116 A KR20187011116 A KR 20187011116A KR 20180043406 A KR20180043406 A KR 20180043406A
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- catalyst
- zeolite
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- sapo
- zeolites
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 실험실 반응기에서 수행된 비교적 온화한 희박 수열 노화 후, 전이 금속-함유 알루미노실리케이트 촉매를 전이 금속-함유 알루미노포스페이트/소형 세공 제올라이트 촉매와 비교하여, NOx 전환율 (30,000 hr-1의 기체 시간당 공간 속도에서)을 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 2는 도 1에 나타낸 시험에서의 N2O 형성을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 3은 실험실 반응기에서 수행된 비교적 온화한 희박 수열 노화 후, Cu/베타 제올라이트 및 Cu/SAPO-34 촉매를 전이 금속-함유 알루미노포스페이트/소형 세공 제올라이트 촉매와 비교하여, NOx 전환율 (100,000 hr-1의 기체 시간당 공간 속도에서)을 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 4는 실험실 반응기에서 수행된 비교적 심한 희박 수열 노화 후, 전이 금속-함유 알루미노실리케이트 촉매를 전이 금속-함유 알루미노포스페이트/소형 세공 제올라이트 촉매와 비교하여, NOx 전환율 (30,000 hr-1의 기체 시간당 공간 속도에서)을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 5는 새로운 Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 있어서의 NOx 전환율을 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 6은 노화된 Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 있어서의 NOx 전환율을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 7은 도 5의 새로운 Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 있어서의 N2O 형성을 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 8은 도 6의 노화된 Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 있어서의 N2O 형성을 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 9는 300 ℃에서의 NH3 SCR시, Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 대한 HC 종 첨가의 효과를 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 10은 300 ℃에서의 NH3 SCR시, Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 대한 탄화수소 종 첨가에 이어지는 탄화수소 파괴를 나타내는 그래프이고;
도 11은 150 ℃에서 Cu 제올라이트 촉매로 유동-통과되는 n-옥탄의 흡착 프로필을 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 12는 150 ℃에서의 HC 흡착 후 Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 대한 HC 종의 온도 프로그래밍 탈착 (TPD)의 그래프이고;
도 13은 노화된 Cu/시그마-1, Cu-SAPO-34, Cu/SSZ-13 및 Cu/베타에 있어서의 NOx 전환 활성을 비교하는, 도 6과 유사한 그래프이며;
도 14는 도 13의 노화된 Cu/제올라이트 촉매에 있어서의 N2O 형성을 비교하는, 도 8과 유사한 그래프이고;
도 15는 노화된 Cu/ZSM-34, Cu/SAPO-34, Cu/SSZ-13 및 Cu/베타 촉매에 있어서의 NOx 전환 활성을 비교하는, 도 13과 유사한 그래프이며;
도 16은 Cu-SAPO-34 및 Cu/SSZ-13 촉매의 새로운 것 및 노화된 것의 NOx 전환 활성을 비교하는 그래프이고;
도 17은 Cu/SAPO-34의 새로운 샘플의 NOx 전환 활성을 Cu/천연 발생 차바자이트 정형 물질과 비교하는 그래프이며;
도 18은 2개의 온도 데이터 지점에서 새로운 Cu/SAPO-34의 NOx 전환 활성을 2종의 새로운 Cu/천연 발생 차바자이트 정형 물질의 그것과 비교하는 막대 차트이고;
도 19는 2개의 온도 데이터 지점에서 노화된 Cu/베타, Cu/SAPO-34, Fe/SAPO-34 및 Fe/SSZ-13 촉매의 NOx 전환 활성을 비교하는 막대 차트이며;
도 20은 새로운 Fe/베타 및 Fe/SSZ-13 촉매에 있어서, 공급물 기체에의 n-옥탄 도입의 탄화수소 억제 효과를 비교하는 막대 차트이고;
도 21은 도 20 실험에서의 n-옥탄 도입에 이어지는 탄화수소 파괴를 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 22는 새로운 Fe/SSZ-13 촉매에 있어서, 공급물 기체 성분으로서 100% NO를 사용하는 것과 1:1 NO:NO2를 사용하는 것의 NOx 전환 활성에 대한 효과를 비교하는 막대 차트이고;
도 23은 본 발명에 따른 배출 시스템 구현예의 개략도이다.
도 23은 본 발명에 따른 배출 시스템 구현예의 개략도로서, 여기서 디젤 엔진 (12)은 배기관 (15)을 통하여 엔진으로부터 대기로 배출 기체를 전달하기 위한 배출 라인 (14)을 포함하는 본 발명에 따른 배출 시스템 (10)을 포함한다. 배출 기체의 유동 경로에는, 세라믹 유동-통과 일체형 기판 상에 코팅된 백금 또는 백금/팔라듐 NO 산화 촉매 (16)가 배치된다. 배출 시스템의 산화 촉매 (16) 하류에 위치된 것은 세라믹 벽류 필터 (18)이다.
역시 세라믹 유동-통과 일체형 기판 상에 코팅된 철/소형 세공 제올라이트 SCR 촉매 (20)는 벽류 필터 (18)의 하류에 배치된다. NH3 산화 클린-업(clean-up) 또는 슬립 촉매 (21)가 SCR 촉매 일체형 기판의 하류 말단에 코팅된다. 다르게는, NH3 슬립 촉매는 SCR 촉매의 하류에 위치된 별도의 기판 상에 코팅될 수 있다. 저장고 (24)로부터 배출 라인 (14)에서 운반되는 배출 기체로 질소 환원제 유체 (요소 (26))를 도입하기 위한 수단 (주입기 (22))이 제공된다. 주입기 (22)는 밸브 (28)를 사용하여 제어되며, 상기 밸브는 다시 전자 제어 장치 (30)에 의해 제어된다 (점선으로 표시되는 밸브 제어). 전자 제어 장치 (30)는 SCR 촉매의 하류에 위치된 NOx 센서 (32)로부터 폐쇄 고리 피드백 제어 정보를 수신한다.
사용시에 산화 촉매 (16)는 NO를 NO2로 약간만 산화시키며, 미립자 물질은 필터 (18)에 포획되어 NO2 중에서 연소된다. 필터로부터 방출되는 NOx는 주입기 (22)를 통하여 주입된 요소로부터 유래하는 암모니아의 존재하에 SCR 촉매 (20) 상에서 환원된다. SCR 촉매 상에서의 NOx 환원에는, 그것이 더욱 용이하게 N2로 환원되기 때문에, SCR 촉매로 진입하는 배출 기체의 총 NOx 내용물 중 NO와 NO2의 혼합물 (약 1:1)이 바람직하다는 것 역시 알고 있다. NH3 슬립 촉매 (21)는 그렇게 하지 않을 경우 대기로 배출될 NH3를 산화시킨다. 유사한 배열이 WO 99/39809호에 기술되어 있다.
Claims (13)
- Fe, Cu 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 금속을 분자체의 총 중량을 기준으로 0.1 내지 10 중량% 함유하고, 실리카-대-알루미나 비가 8 내지 150이며, AFT 골격을 포함하는 하나 이상의 소형 세공 알루미노실리케이트 분자체를 포함하는,
환원제의 존재하에서 NOx의 선택적 환원을 위한 선택적 촉매 환원 (SCR) 촉매. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 금속이 촉매의 합성 중에 분자체에 첨가된 것인 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 금속이 Cu 또는 Fe이고, 상기 분자체가 분자체의 총 중량을 기준으로 0.5 내지 5 중량%의 Cu 또는 Fe를 포함하는 것인 촉매.
- 제1항에 따른 촉매를 포함하는 분자체를 포함하고, 추가로 알루미나, 실리카, 비-제올라이트 실리카-알루미나, 천연 점토, TiO2, ZrO2, 및 SnO2로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 종 이상의 바인더를 포함하는, 촉매 워시코트.
- 제4항에 있어서, 바인더가 알루미나로 구성되는 것인 촉매 워시코트.
- 제1항에 따른 촉매를 포함하는 분자체를 포함하고, 추가로 알루미나, 실리카, 비-제올라이트 실리카-알루미나, 천연 점토, TiO2, ZrO2, 및 SnO2로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 종 이상의 바인더를 포함하는 촉매 워시코트를 포함하는 촉매 제품이며,
상기 워시코트는 금속 유동-통과 기판, 세라믹 유동-통과 기판, 벽류(wall-flow) 필터, 및 소결된 금속 필터로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 기판 상에 코팅되는 것인 촉매 제품. - 제1항에 따른 촉매를 포함하는 분자체를 포함하는 압출물로부터 형성된 압출-유형 유동 통과 허니컴을 포함하는 촉매 제품.
- 제1항에 따른 촉매를 포함하는 분자체를 포함하는 압출물로부터 형성된 압출-유형 유동 통과 허니컴을 포함하고, 추가로 전이 금속 함유 제올라이트 코팅을 포함하는 촉매 제품.
- NH3 산화 촉매(AMOX)의 상류에 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR) 촉매를 포함하고, 여기서 상기 AMOX 및 SCR 촉매 중 하나 이상은 제1항에 따른 촉매를 포함하는 것인, 배출 기체를 처리하기 위한 시스템.
- NH3 산화 촉매(AMOX)의 상류에 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR) 촉매를 포함하고, 여기서 상기 AMOX 및 SCR 촉매 중 하나 이상은 제1항에 따른 촉매를 포함하며,
추가로 상기 선택적 촉매 환원 촉매의 상류에 백금족 금속을 갖는 디젤 산화 촉매를 포함하는 것인, 배출 기체를 처리하기 위한 시스템. - NOx를 N2 및 물로 전환하기 위한 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR) 촉매의 상류에 NO를 NO2로 전환하기 위한 디젤 산화 촉매를 포함하고, 여기서 상기 SCR 촉매는 제1항에 따른 촉매를 포함하는 것인, 배출 기체를 처리하기 위한 시스템.
- 제10항에 있어서, 추가로 SCR 촉매의 하류에 NH3 산화 촉매(AMOX)를 포함하는 것인, 배출 기체를 처리하기 위한 시스템.
- (a) 제1항에 따른 촉매의 존재 하에, 부피 기준 4:1 내지 1:3의 NO 대 NO2 비로 NOx를 함유하는 배출 기체 스트림을 접촉시키는 단계; 및
(b) 상기 NOx의 적어도 일부를 N2로 전환시키는 단계
를 포함하는, 배출 기체를 처리하는 방법.
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