JP6245895B2 - ハニカム触媒及び排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
ハニカム触媒及び排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6245895B2 JP6245895B2 JP2013175926A JP2013175926A JP6245895B2 JP 6245895 B2 JP6245895 B2 JP 6245895B2 JP 2013175926 A JP2013175926 A JP 2013175926A JP 2013175926 A JP2013175926 A JP 2013175926A JP 6245895 B2 JP6245895 B2 JP 6245895B2
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- zeolite
- honeycomb
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7015—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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Description
なお、CHAの平均粒子径は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて測定した一次粒子の平均粒子径である。
なお、無機粒子の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折・散乱法によって求めた粒度分布(体積基準)における積算値50%での粒径(Dv50)である。
上記の組み合わせの中で、無機粒子の平均粒子径は、CHAの平均粒子径の1/5〜50倍であることが望ましく、1/3〜30倍であることがより望ましく、1/2〜10倍であることがさらに望ましい。
特に、無機粒子の平均粒子径は、CHAの平均粒子径より大きく、CHAの平均粒子径の4倍以下であることが望ましい。
まず、ゼオライトと無機粒子と無機バインダとを含み、必要に応じて、無機繊維、鱗片状物質、テトラポット状物質及び三次元針状物質からなる群より選択される一種以上をさらに含む原料ペーストを用いて押出成形し、複数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されている円柱状のハニカム成形体を作製する。
造孔材としては、特に限定されないが、ポリスチレン粒子、アクリル粒子、澱粉等が挙げられ、二種以上併用してもよい。これらの中では、ポリスチレン粒子が望ましい。
例えば、CHAの平均粒子径が0.1μmである場合、平均粒子径が0.1〜3μmである造孔材をCHA体積添加量に対して10〜30%添加することにより、隔壁の平均気孔径を0.05〜0.2μmとすることができる。なお、CHAの平均粒子径が1.2μmである場合には、造孔材を添加しなくてもよい。
まず、ハニカム触媒10を構成するハニカムユニット11と同様にして、扇柱状のハニカムユニット11´を作製する。次に、ハニカムユニット11´の円弧側を除く外周面に接着層用ペーストを塗布して、ハニカムユニット11´を接着させ、乾燥固化することにより、ハニカムユニット11´の集合体を作製する。
ゼオライトとして平均粒子径が0.1μmのCHAを29質量%、無機粒子として平均粒子径が3.0μmのアルミナを6質量%、無機バインダとしてベーマイトを5質量%、平均繊維径が6.5μm、平均繊維長が100μmのガラス繊維を8質量%、造孔材として平均粒子径が0.8μmのポリスチレン粒子を6質量%、メチルセルロースを5質量%、成形助剤として脂肪酸石鹸を4質量%及びイオン交換水を37質量%混合混練して、原料ペースト1を作製した。なお、ゼオライトとしては、比重2.02、組成比Si/Al:32、比表面積600m2/g、銅イオンでイオン交換されているCHAを用いた。
実施例1において、ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:アルミナ)は、90:10である。
また、ハニカムユニット11´は、ハニカムユニット11´の見掛けの体積当たり、ゼオライトを217g/L含有しており、銅イオンを7.1g/L含有している。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:アルミナ)をそれぞれ80:20、70:30、60:40及び50:50に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:アルミナ)を100:0に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。つまり、比較例1では、無機粒子(アルミナ)を用いなかった。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:アルミナ)をそれぞれ40:60及び20:80に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:アルミナ)を0:100に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。つまり、比較例4では、ゼオライト(CHA)を用いなかった。
ゼオライトとして平均粒子径が0.1μmのCHAを26質量%、無機粒子として平均粒子径が0.2μmのチタニアを13質量%、無機バインダとしてベーマイトを7質量%、平均繊維径が6.5μm、平均繊維長が100μmのガラス繊維を7質量%、造孔材として平均粒子径が0.8μmのポリスチレン粒子を5質量%、メチルセルロースを5質量%、成形助剤として脂肪酸石鹸を4質量%及びイオン交換水を33質量%混合混練して、原料ペースト1を作製した。なお、ゼオライトとしては、比重2.02、組成比Si/Al:32、比表面積600m2/gであり、銅イオンでイオン交換されているCHAを用いた。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(ゼオライト:チタニア)は、80:20である。
上記の点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:チタニア)をそれぞれ70:30及び60:40に変更した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:チタニア)を100:0に変更した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。つまり、比較例5では、無機粒子(チタニア)を用いなかった。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:チタニア)をそれぞれ40:60及び20:80に変更した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:チタニア)を0:100に変更した以外は、実施例6と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。つまり、比較例8では、ゼオライト(CHA)を用いなかった。
ゼオライトとして平均粒子径が0.1μmのCHAを31質量%、無機粒子として平均粒子径が0.4μmのジルコニアを10質量%、無機バインダとしてベーマイトを5質量%、平均繊維径が6.5μm、平均繊維長が100μmのガラス繊維を8質量%、造孔材として平均粒子径が0.8μmのポリスチレン粒子を6質量%、メチルセルロースを6質量%、成形助剤として脂肪酸石鹸を4質量%及びイオン交換水を30質量%混合混練して、原料ペースト1を作製した。なお、ゼオライトとしては、比重2.02、組成比Si/Al:32、比表面積600m2/gであり、銅イオンでイオン交換されているCHAを用いた。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(ゼオライト:ジルコニア)は、90:10である。
上記の点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:ジルコニア)をそれぞれ80:20及び70:30に変更した以外は、実施例9と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:ジルコニア)を100:0に変更した以外は、実施例9と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。つまり、比較例9では、無機粒子(ジルコニア)を用いなかった。
ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比(CHA:ジルコニア)を0:100に変更した以外は、実施例9と同様にして、ハニカムユニット11´を作製した。つまり、比較例10では、ゼオライト(CHA)を用いなかった。
以下の方法により、実施例1〜11及び比較例1〜10で作製したハニカムユニットの熱膨張係数(CTE)を測定した。
図5では、ゼオライト及び無機粒子の合計量に対する無機粒子の含有量[vol%]を横軸に示している。
実施例1〜4、6〜8、10及び11、並びに、比較例1、3、5、6及び9で作製したハニカムユニットから、ダイヤモンドカッターを用いて、直径:1インチ、長さ:3インチの円柱状試験片を切り出した。これらの試験片に、200℃又は525℃の模擬ガスを空間速度(SV)を40000/hr(200℃)、100000/hr(525℃)で流しながら、触媒評価装置(堀場製作所社製、SIGU−2000/MEXA−6000FT)を用いて、試料から流出するNOxの流出量を測定し、式
(NOxの流入量−NOxの流出量)/(NOxの流入量)×100
で表されるNOxの浄化率[%]を算出した。算出結果を表1〜表3に示す。なお、模擬ガスの構成成分は、一酸化窒素260ppm、二酸化窒素90ppm、アンモニア350ppm(200℃)、一酸化窒素315ppm、二酸化窒素35ppm、アンモニア385ppm(525℃)、酸素10%、二酸化炭素5%、水5%、窒素(balance)である。
なお、ゼオライト及び無機粒子の体積比が100:0である場合には、NOxの浄化率は高いものの、図5に示したように、ハニカムユニットの熱膨張係数が−5.0×10−6/Kと負の膨張が大きいことが分かる。
係る必須の構成要件に、本発明の詳細な説明で詳述した種々の構成(例えば、ゼオライトの構成、無機粒子の構成、無機バインダの構成、ハニカムユニットの構成、ハニカム触媒の製造条件、排ガス浄化装置の構成等)を適宜組み合わせることにより所望の効果を得ることができる。
11、11´ ハニカムユニット
11a 貫通孔
11b 隔壁
12 外周コート層
13 接着層
20 保持シール材
30 金属容器
100 排ガス浄化装置
G 排ガス
Claims (10)
- 複数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されたハニカムユニットを備えたハニカム触媒であって、
前記ハニカムユニットは、ゼオライトと無機粒子と無機バインダとを含み、
前記ゼオライトは、CHA構造を有するアルミノケイ酸塩で、その組成比Si/Alが15〜50であり、
前記無機粒子は、正の熱膨張係数を有する酸化物であり、
前記ゼオライト及び前記無機粒子の体積比(ゼオライト:無機粒子)が、50:50〜90:10であり、
前記ゼオライトの平均粒子径は、0.1〜2.0μmであり、前記無機粒子の平均粒子径は、0.1〜5.0μmであり、
前記ゼオライトの平均粒子径は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて測定した一次粒子の平均粒子径であり、
前記無機粒子の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折・散乱法によって求めた粒度分布(体積基準)における積算値50%での粒径(Dv50)であることを特徴とするハニカム触媒。 - 前記ゼオライト及び前記無機粒子の体積比(ゼオライト:無機粒子)が、60:40〜80:20である請求項1に記載のハニカム触媒。
- 前記無機粒子は、アルミナ、チタニア及びジルコニアからなる群より選択される一種以上である請求項1又は2に記載のハニカム触媒。
- 前記無機粒子の平均粒子径は、前記ゼオライトの平均粒子径の1/5〜50倍である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のハニカム触媒。
- 前記無機粒子の平均粒子径は、前記ゼオライトの平均粒子径より大きく、前記ゼオライトの平均粒子径の4倍以下である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のハニカム触媒。
- 前記ゼオライトは、銅イオンでイオン交換されている請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のハニカム触媒。
- 前記ハニカムユニットは、前記銅イオンを前記ハニカムユニットの見掛けの体積当たり5.5〜7.5g/L含有する請求項6に記載のハニカム触媒。
- 前記ハニカムユニットは、前記ゼオライトを前記ハニカムユニットの見掛けの体積当たり150〜250g/L含有する請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のハニカム触媒。
- 前記ハニカムユニットは、無機繊維、鱗片状物質、テトラポット状物質及び三次元針状物質からなる群より選択される一種以上をさらに含む請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のハニカム触媒。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のハニカム触媒を備えることを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。
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EP20140181752 EP2845647A3 (en) | 2013-08-27 | 2014-08-21 | Honeycomb catalyst and exhaust gas purifying apparatus |
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