JP6764451B2 - ハニカム構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
ハニカム構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6764451B2 JP6764451B2 JP2018170619A JP2018170619A JP6764451B2 JP 6764451 B2 JP6764451 B2 JP 6764451B2 JP 2018170619 A JP2018170619 A JP 2018170619A JP 2018170619 A JP2018170619 A JP 2018170619A JP 6764451 B2 JP6764451 B2 JP 6764451B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb
- alumina
- honeycomb structure
- particles
- raw material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 16
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical group O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036186 satiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019627 satiety Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
なお、アルミナ繊維とは、アスペクト比が5以上のものをいう。
上記重量比(セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子/アルミナ粒子)が1.0〜3.0であると、セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子の含有率が高く、このセリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子は、助触媒として使用されるものであるので、排ガスの浄化性能が向上する。
ハニカム焼成体に貴金属を担持させることにより、排ガス浄化用途に使用することが可能となる。
[ハニカム構造体]
まず、本発明のハニカム構造体の製造方法により得られるハニカム構造体について説明する。
図1に示すハニカム構造体10は、複数の貫通孔12が隔壁13を隔てて長手方向(図1中、両矢印Lで示す方向)に並設された単一のハニカム焼成体11を備えている。ハニカム焼成体11は、CZ粒子とアルミナ粒子とを含み、押出成形体の形状を有している。
図1に示すように、ハニカム構造体10が単一のハニカム焼成体11からなる場合、ハニカム構造体10はハニカム焼成体そのものでもある。
後述するように、ハニカム焼成体は、CZ粒子、アルミナ粒子、無機バインダ及びアルミナ繊維を含む原料ペーストを押出成形した後、焼成することにより作製されている。
本発明のハニカム構造体がCZ粒子とアルミナ粒子を有しているか否かについては、X線回折(XRD)にて確認できる。
ハニカム焼成体の気孔率が45〜70体積%であると、高い機械的強度と排ガス浄化性能を両立させることができる。
(1)ハニカム焼成体を10セル×10セル×10mmの大きさに切断して、測定試料とする。この測定試料をイオン交換水及びアセトンを用いて超音波洗浄した後、オーブンを用いて100℃で乾燥する。なお、10セル×10セル×10mmの測定試料とは、貫通孔が縦方向に10個、横方向に10個並んだ状態で、最も外側の貫通孔とその貫通孔を構成する隔壁を含み、長手方向の長さが10mmとなるように切り出した試料を指す。
(2)測定顕微鏡(ニコン製Measuring Microscope MM−40 倍率:100倍)を用いて、測定試料の断面形状の寸法を測定し、幾何学的な計算から体積を求める(なお、幾何学的な計算から体積を求めることができない場合は、飽水重量と水中重量とを実測して体積を測定する)。
(3)計算から求められた体積及びピクノメータで測定した測定試料の真密度から、測定試料が完全な緻密体であると仮定した場合の重量を計算する。なお、ピクノメータでの測定手順は(4)に示す通りとする。
(4)ハニカム焼成体を粉砕し、23.6ccの粉末を準備する。得られた粉末を200℃で8時間乾燥させる。その後、Micromeritics社製 Auto Pycnometer1320を用いて、JIS R 1620(1995)に準拠して真密度を測定する。排気時間は40分とする。
(5)測定試料の実際の重量を電子天秤(A&D製 HR202i)で測定する。
(6)以下の式から、ハニカム焼成体の気孔率を求める。
(ハニカム焼成体の気孔率)=100−(測定試料の実際の重量/測定試料が完全な緻密体であると仮定した場合の重量)×100[%]
なお、本発明のハニカム構造体に貴金属を直接担持させた場合であっても、貴金属担持によるハニカム焼成体の気孔率の変化は無視できるほど小さい。
アルミナ粒子がθ相のアルミナ粒子であると耐熱性が高いため、貴金属を担持させ、長時間使用した後であっても高い排ガス浄化性能を発揮することができる。
無機バインダとして原料ペーストに添加されたベーマイトの大部分は焼成後にγアルミナとなるため、アルミナ繊維との接合性が良好である。
上記ハニカム構造体において、上記ハニカム焼成体に触媒として機能する貴金属が担持されていると、排ガス浄化用のハニカム触媒としても使用することができる。
貴金属としては、例えば、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム等が挙げられる。
本明細書において、貴金属の担持量とは、ハニカム構造体の見掛けの体積当たりの貴金属の重量をいう。なお、ハニカム構造体の見掛けの体積とは、空隙の体積を含む体積であり、外周コート層及び/又は接着層の体積を含むこととする。
次に、本発明のハニカム構造体の製造方法について説明する。
本発明のハニカム構造体の製造方法は、複数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されたハニカム焼成体からなるハニカム構造体の製造方法であって、セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子、アルミナ粒子、無機バインダ及びアルミナ繊維を含む原料ペーストを作製する原料混合工程と、上記原料ペーストを成形することにより、複数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されたハニカム成形体を作製する成形工程と、上記成形工程により成形されたハニカム成形体を乾燥する乾燥工程と、上記乾燥工程により乾燥されたハニカム成形体を焼成することにより、ハニカム焼成体を作製する焼成工程と、を含み、上記原料混合工程において使用する上記アルミナ繊維のうち、非晶質アルミナ繊維の割合が50〜100重量%であることを特徴とする。
原料混合工程では、CZ粒子、アルミナ粒子、無機バインダ及びアルミナ繊維を含む原料ペーストを作製する。
焼成工程において非晶質アルミナ繊維は、無機バインダや他の材料と反応しやすい。そのため、アルミナ繊維の50〜100重量%を非晶質アルミナ繊維とすることによって、ハニカム構造体の機械的強度が向上する。
なお、原料ペーストを構成するアルミナ繊維は、焼成工程により結晶化が進行するため、ハニカム構造体を構成するアルミナ繊維とは結晶化率が異なる。
また、アルミナ繊維に加えて、シリカ繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、ガラス繊維、チタン酸アルミニウム繊維等を含んでいてもよい。
粉末X線回折を用いて、図2に示すようにXRDを用いてアルミナ繊維を分析し、2θが25〜30°の間に回折ピークを有するものを結晶質アルミナ繊維とし、上記範囲に回折ピークを有しないものを非晶質アルミナ繊維とする。
前駆体繊維法としては、例えば、少なくともAlを含む紡糸用混合物を紡糸してアルミナ繊維前駆体を得た後、これを700〜1150℃で焼成し、必要に応じて粉砕、分級する方法が挙げられる。
焼成温度が1150℃を超えると、得られるアルミナ繊維の結晶化度が高くなりすぎてしまう。一方、焼成温度が700℃未満であると、得られるアルミナ繊維の機械的強度が不足してしまう場合がある。
アルミナ繊維の平均繊維長は、粉砕条件を適宜変更することで調整することができる。
アルミナ繊維の平均繊維径は、アルミナ繊維前駆体の繊維径を適宜変更することで調整することができる。
さらに、ベーマイトは焼成時に非晶質アルミナ繊維と反応しやすいため、アルミナ繊維との接合強度を高めることができる。
また、CZ粒子として、その平均粒子径が1〜10μmのものを使用することが望ましい。
さらに、使用するアルミナ粒子の平均粒子径は、CZ粒子の平均粒子径よりも大きいことが望ましい。
上記重量比(セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子/アルミナ粒子)が1.0〜3.0であると、セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子の含有率が高く、このセリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子は、助触媒として使用されるものであるので、排ガスの浄化性能が向上する。
造孔剤の平均粒子径は特に限定されないが、10〜60μmであることが望ましい。
造孔剤の平均粒子径は、アルミナ粒子及びCZ粒子の平均粒子径と同様に、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(MALVERN社製 MASTERSIZER2000)を用いて測定することができる。
成形工程では、原料混合工程によって得られた原料ペーストを成形することにより、複数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されたハニカム成形体を作製する。
原料ペーストは例えば、押出成形等の方法により成形することができる。
具体的には、所定の形状の金型を通過させることにより、所定の形状の貫通孔を有するハニカム成形体の連続体を形成し、所定の長さにカットすることにより、ハニカム成形体とする。
本発明のハニカム構造体の製造方法では、上記成形工程により成形された成形体を乾燥する。
この際、マイクロ波乾燥機、熱風乾燥機、誘電乾燥機、減圧乾燥機、真空乾燥機、凍結乾燥機等の乾燥機を用いて、ハニカム成形体を乾燥し、ハニカム乾燥体を作製することが望ましい。
焼成工程では、乾燥工程により乾燥された成形体を焼成することにより、ハニカム焼成体を作製する。なお、この工程は、ハニカム成形体の脱脂及び焼成が行われるため、「脱脂・焼成工程」ということもできるが、便宜上「焼成工程」という。
本発明のハニカム構造体の製造方法は、必要に応じて、上記ハニカム焼成体に貴金属を担持させる担持工程をさらに含んでいてもよい。
ハニカム焼成体に貴金属を担持する方法としては、例えば、貴金属粒子もしくは錯体を含む溶液にハニカム焼成体又はハニカム構造体を浸漬した後、引き上げて加熱する方法等が挙げられる。
ハニカム構造体が外周コート層を備える場合、外周コート層を形成する前のハニカム焼成体に貴金属を担持してもよいし、外周コート層を形成した後のハニカム焼成体又はハニカム構造体に貴金属を担持してもよい。
以下、本発明をより具体的に開示した実施例を示す。なお、本発明は、以下の実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
[アルミナ繊維Aの作製]
Al含有量が70g/Lであり、Al:Cl=1:1.8(原子比)となるように調製した塩基性塩化アルミニウム水溶液に対して、焼成後の組成比が、Al2O3:SiO2=72:28(重量比)となるようにシリカゾルを配合し、さらに、有機重合体(ポリビニルアルコール)を適量添加して混合液を調製した。
得られる混合液を濃縮して紡糸用混合物とし、この紡糸用混合物をブローイング法により紡糸して平均繊維径が6.5μmである無機繊維前駆体を作製した。続いてこの無機繊維前駆体を圧縮して、長方形のシート状物を作製した。圧縮したシート状物を最高温度800℃で焼成し、アルミナとシリカとを72重量部:28重量部で含むアルミナ繊維Aを作製した。
得られたアルミナ繊維AをXRDで分析したところ、図2のような結果が得られ、非晶質であることを確認した。図2は、実施例1で用いたアルミナ繊維A及び比較例1で用いたアルミナ繊維BのX線回折パターンである。X線回折パターンAがアルミナ繊維Aの回折パターンであり、X線回折パターンBがアルミナ繊維BのX線回折パターンである。X線回折パターンAとX線回折パターンBは比較のため、強度の基準位置(強度ゼロの地点)をずらしている。また縦軸(強度)の縮尺を変えていないため、X線回折パターンBの回折ピークの一部はグラフ領域からはみ出ている。X線回折パターンAは2θ=25〜30°の範囲に回折ピークを有していないため、非晶質であることがわかる。
このアルミナ繊維Aを粉砕、分級して、平均繊維長を60μmに調整した。
CZ粒子(平均粒子径:2μm)を16.9重量%、γアルミナ粒子(平均粒子径:2μm)を8.5重量%、無機バインダとしてベーマイトを2.8重量%、アルミナ繊維Aを10.6重量%、有機バインダとしてメチルセルロースを3.9重量%、造孔剤として、アクリル樹脂(平均粒子径:32μm)を28.1重量%、成形助剤として界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテルを2.9重量%及びイオン交換水を26.2重量%を混合混練して、原料ペーストを調製した。
シート状物の加熱条件を、最高温度1250℃、1時間に変更したほかは、実施例1と同様の方法でアルミナ繊維Bを準備した。得られたアルミナ繊維BをXRDで分析したところ、図2に示す結果が得られた。図2により、X線回折パターンBは2θ=25〜30°の範囲に回折ピークを有しているため、結晶質であることがわかる。原料ペーストを調製する工程において、アルミナ繊維Aに変わってアルミナ繊維Bを使用したほかは、実施例1と同様の手順で比較例1に係るハニカム構造体を製造した。
まず、3点曲げ強度測定用サンプルとして、実施例1及び比較例1と同じ配合で混合、混練した原料ペーストを直方体に成形して、同条件で脱脂、焼成後に6mm×6mm×40mmに加工した部材を10本準備し、3点曲げ強度測定用サンプル(以下、サンプル)とした。サンプルの主面(サンプルの外周面のうち広い方の面)に対して垂直な方向に荷重を印加し、破壊荷重(サンプルが破壊した荷重)を測定した。10本の3点曲げ強度測定用サンプルについて破壊荷重を測定し、その平均値を曲げ強度とした。3点曲げ強度試験は、JIS R 1601を参考に、インストロン5582を用い、スパン間距離:30mm、スピード1mm/minで行った。3点曲げ強度は、実施例1で7.3MPa、比較例1で5.2MPaであった。
さらに、破壊により露出したサンプルの表面(破壊断面)をSEMで観察した。結果を図3及び図4にそれぞれ示す。図3は、実施例1に係るハニカム構造体の破壊断面のSEM画像であり、図4は、比較例1に係るハニカム構造体の破壊断面のSEM画像である。
11 ハニカム焼成体
12 貫通孔
13 隔壁
Claims (3)
- 複数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されたハニカム焼成体からなるハニカム構造体の製造方法であって、
セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子、アルミナ粒子、無機バインダ及びアルミナ繊維を含む原料ペーストを作製する原料混合工程と、
前記原料ペーストを成形することにより、複数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されたハニカム成形体を作製する成形工程と、
前記成形工程により成形されたハニカム成形体を乾燥する乾燥工程と、
前記乾燥工程により乾燥されたハニカム成形体を焼成することにより、ハニカム焼成体を作製する焼成工程と、を含み、
前記原料混合工程において使用する前記アルミナ繊維のうち、非晶質アルミナ繊維の割合が50〜100重量%であることを特徴とするハニカム構造体の製造方法。 - 前記原料混合工程における、前記アルミナ粒子に対する前記セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子の重量比(セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物粒子/アルミナ粒子)は、1.0〜3.0である請求項1に記載のハニカム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記ハニカム焼成体に貴金属を担持させる担持工程をさらに含む請求項1又は2に記載のハニカム構造体の製造方法。
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