KR102727205B1 - Mixtures containing benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulpirin, uses thereof and methods of application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mixture comprising benzpyrimoxan and the insecticide oxazosulphil, and a method for controlling pest invertebrates, particularly rice pest invertebrates, comprising applying such a mixture.

Description

Mixtures containing benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulpirin, uses thereof and methods of application thereof

The present invention relates to an insecticidal mixture of benzpyrimoxan and oxazosulpirin, and a method for applying the mixture.

In particular in agriculture, and especially against rice pest invertebrates, there is a need for effective and safe insecticides and insecticide mixtures. It has been found that these objectives can be achieved by a pesticide mixture comprising the insecticides benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl.

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to an agrochemical mixture comprising benzpyrimoxan and the insecticide oxazosulphil (a mixture according to the present invention).

Benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulpyrrolidone are also named compounds I and/or II of the mixture according to the invention, or compounds of the invention. Since the order of the mixture partners in the name of the mixture is irrelevant, it is irrelevant whether the compounds are named compounds I or compounds II.

Some of the benzpyrimoxanes and mixtures thereof are described in WO 2016/104516.

Oxazosulpil is described, for example, in WO 2017/104592 and some of its mixtures are described in WO 2016/002595.

One typical problem that arises in the field of pest control is the need to reduce the dosage rate of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid adverse environmental or toxicological effects while still allowing effective pest control. Another anticipated problem is the need to have available pest control agents that are effective against a wide range of pests.

There is also a need for pest control agents that combine rapid action with knockdown activity and prolonged control, i.e., long-lasting action.

Another difficulty associated with the use of pesticides is that the repeated and exclusive application of individual pesticide compounds often leads to the rapid selection of pests that develop natural or adapted resistance to the active compounds. Therefore, there is a need for pest control agents that help prevent or overcome resistance.

Additionally, when applied, a pesticidal compound or combination of compounds is desired that improves plants, which may result in “plant health”, “vitality of plant propagation material” or “increased plant yield”.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an agricultural combination that solves one or more of the following discussed problems:

- Reduction in dosage rate;

- Increased activity spectrum,

- Combination of knockdown activity and prolonged control;

- Improvement of resistance management;

- Improvement of plant health,

- Improvement of the vitality of plant propagation material, also called seed viability;

- Increased plant yield.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal mixture which solves one or more of the problems discussed above.

It has been found that these objects are partially or fully achieved by a combination of active compounds as defined herein.

In addition, the present invention relates to the following:

- a composition comprising a pesticidal mixture as defined herein and one or more inert liquid and/or solid acceptable carriers;

- an agrochemical composition comprising a pesticidal mixture as defined herein and one or more inert liquid and/or solid acceptable carriers;

- A method for controlling or eradicating an invertebrate pest, comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its feeding ground, habitat or breeding site with a pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal mixture as defined herein;

- Plants, plant propagation material, or the soil or water in which the plants grow. A method of protecting a growing plant from attack or infestation by invertebrate pests, comprising contacting the plant with a pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal mixture as defined herein;

- Plant propagation material comprising an insecticidal mixture as defined herein in an amount of 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seeds;

- A method for protecting plant propagation material, comprising contacting the plant propagation material with an insecticidal mixture as defined herein, in an amount of from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of plant propagation material;

- Use of a pesticidal mixture as defined herein for protecting growing plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by invertebrate pests;

- A method for controlling plant pathogenic harmful fungi, comprising treating the fungi, their habitat or plants, soil or seeds to be protected against fungal attack with an effective amount of a pesticidal mixture comprising compound I and one or more specific compounds B;

- A method for protecting plants from plant-pathogenic harmful fungi, comprising treating the fungi, their habitat or the plants, soil or seeds to be protected against fungal attack with an effective amount of a pesticidal mixture comprising compound I and one or more specific compounds B;

- A method for protecting an animal against infestation or infection by parasites, comprising administering to the animal a parasiticidally effective amount of a pesticidal mixture as defined herein;

- A method for treating an animal infested or infected with parasites, comprising administering to the animal in need thereof a parasiticidally effective amount of a pesticidal mixture as defined herein; and

- Use of a pesticidal mixture as defined herein for combating parasites in and on animals.

In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to the use of a mixture according to the present invention for combating or controlling rice pest invertebrates, and to a method for combating or controlling rice pest invertebrates by applying such a mixture, respectively.

Rice (Oryza species, especially Oryza sativa) is an important staple food in the world. It is a staple food in Asia and an important part of many cultures. Therefore, rice is an important crop and is grown over a wide area, especially in Asia.

Invertebrate pests and, in particular, insects, arthropods and nematodes cause significant damage to growing and cultivated rice crops, resulting in significant economic losses in food supply and property. Although a large number of pesticides are known, the ability of target pests to develop resistance to these pesticides creates a continuing need for new formulations to combat invertebrate pests such as insects, arachnids and nematodes. Furthermore, rice cultivation requires special pesticides that are suitable for the agricultural methods used for rice, such as use in nursery boxes, paddy fields, aquatic environments, etc. Pesticides suitable for use in rice must also be sufficiently tolerant to rice plants. They must also be sufficiently tolerant to the environment of rice plants, for example from an ecotoxicological point of view, i.e. they must not be harmful to beneficial organisms. Furthermore, they must survive under the conditions under which they are applied in order to ensure their efficacy. This is particularly problematic in aquatic environments and in hot climatic conditions in which rice is usually grown. On the other hand, they must deteriorate within a reasonable period of time, so as not to have any negative impact on the environment. They must not affect the health of farmers and consumers. These should not be present in the rice product later (with little or no residues) to ensure the safety of human consumption of rice. In addition, many pests have developed resistance to pesticides commonly used on rice. Therefore, pesticides suitable for use on rice should be effective against pests that have developed resistance to other pesticides. Not all pesticides can meet the requirements for use under these conditions.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide compounds which have good pesticidal activity against a number of different invertebrate pests occurring in rice, in particular against difficult-to-control insects, arachnids and nematodes, exhibit a good spectrum of activity, and at the same time still exhibit a good control profile.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention relates to mixtures according to the present invention (binary mixtures) in which benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl are the only active ingredients. However, they may comprise additional ingredients such as carriers, adjuvants, auxiliaries and other formulation components.

As mentioned above, the mixture according to the present invention is particularly suitable for rice.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention relates to specific methods and uses of a mixture according to the present invention in rice:

- A mixture according to the present invention for use in controlling rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates;

- a composition comprising a mixture according to the present invention for use in controlling rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates;

- A method for combating an infestation or infection by a rice pest invertebrate, a rice pest invertebrate, said method comprising contacting said pest or its feeding ground, habitat or breeding ground with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture according to the present invention or a composition thereof as defined above;

- A method for controlling an infestation or infection by a rice pest invertebrate, an invertebrate pest, said method comprising contacting said pest or its feeding ground, habitat or breeding ground with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture according to the present invention or a composition comprising a mixture according to the present invention as defined above;

- A method for preventing or protecting against rice pest invertebrates, comprising contacting the rice pest invertebrates, or their feeding grounds, habitats or breeding grounds, with a mixture according to the invention as defined above or a composition comprising a mixture according to the invention as defined above, or a composition comprising a mixture according to the invention;

- a method for protecting rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material and/or growing rice plants from attack or infestation by rice pest invertebrates, comprising contacting or treating rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material and/or growing rice plants, or soil, material, surface, space, area or water in which rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material are stored or in which rice plants are growing, with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture according to the invention or a composition comprising a mixture according to the invention as defined above;

- A method for improving the health of rice plants, particularly in paddy fields, comprising treating them with a mixture according to the present invention;

- A method for increasing the yield of rice plants, comprising treating the plants with a mixture according to the present invention;

- Rice seeds comprising the mixture according to the present invention as defined above in an amount of 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seeds;

- Use of a mixture according to the invention as defined above for protecting growing rice plants or rice plant propagation material from attack or infestation by rice pest invertebrates.

All compounds of the mixtures of the present invention, as well as compositions thereof, including their stereoisomers, their tautomers, their salts or their N-oxides where applicable, are particularly useful for controlling invertebrate pests, in particular for controlling arthropods and nematodes, and in particular for controlling insects. The present invention therefore relates to the use of compounds as disclosed herein for combating or controlling invertebrate pests of the group of insects, arachnids or nematodes, in particular invertebrate pests.

Therefore, the term "composition according to the invention" or "composition of the invention" includes a composition comprising a mixture according to the invention as defined above, which also includes stereoisomers, agriculturally or veterinarily acceptable salts, tautomers or N-oxides of each compound.

It was also confirmed that simultaneous, i.e. joint or separate, application of benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphil, or sequential application of benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphil, improved pest control compared to the control rates achieved with the individual compounds.

The mixture of the present invention may be a physical mixture of benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a mixture of benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl. However, the composition may also be any combination of benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl, and it is not necessary that benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl be present together in the same formulation.

An example of a composition according to the invention or used according to the invention, in which benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphate are not present together in the same formulation, is a combipack. In a combipack, two or more components of the combipack are packaged separately, i.e. not jointly pre-formulated. Thus, the combipack comprises one or more individual containers, such as vials, cans, bottles, pouches, bags or canisters, each container containing a separate component for the agrochemical composition. One example is a two-component combipack. Thus, the invention also relates to a two-component combipack comprising a first component comprising a compound I, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, one or more surfactants and/or one or more customary auxiliaries, and a second component comprising one or more compounds II, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, one or more surfactants and/or one or more customary auxiliaries. Further details on suitable liquid and solid carriers, surfactants and conventional auxiliaries are described below.

On the one hand, the "combination" use of benzpyrimoxane "in combination" with oxazosulpil may be understood as using a physical mixture of benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulpil. On the other hand, the combination use may also consist of using benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulpil separately, but within a sufficiently short time of each other so that the desired effect can occur. A more detailed description of the combination use can be found in the specification below.

As used herein, the term "invertebrate pest" (also referred to as animal pest) includes any group of animals, such as insects, arachnids and nematodes, which can attack plants and cause substantial damage to the attacked plants, as well as external parasites, which can infect animals, particularly warm-blooded animals, such as mammals or birds, or other higher animals, such as reptiles, amphibians or fish, and cause substantial damage to the infected animals.

pest

The mixture of the present invention is particularly suitable for effectively controlling animal pests such as arthropods, gastropods and nematodes, including but not limited to:

Insects from the order Lepidoptera, for example Achroia grisella, Acleris spp., e.g. A. fimbriana, A. gloverana, A. variana; Acrolepiopsis assectella, Acronicta major, Adoxophyes spp., e.g. A. cyrtosema, A. orana; Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., e.g. A. exclamationis, A. fucosa, A. ipsilon, A. A. orthogoma, A. segetum, A. subterranea; Alabama argillacea, Aleurodicus dispersus, Alsophila pometaria, Ampelophaga rubiginosa, Amyelois transitella, Anacampsis sarcitella, Anagasta kuehniella, Anarsia lineatella, Anisota senatoria, Antheraea pernyi, Anticarsia (= Thermesia) spp., e.g. A. gemmatalis; Apamea spp., Aproaerema modicella, Archips spp., e.g. A. argyrospila, A. fuscocupreanus, A. rosana, A. xyloseanus; Argyresthia conjugella, Argyroploce spp., Argyrotaenia spp., e.g. A. velutinana; Athetis mindara, Austroasca viridigrisea, Autographa gamma, Autographa nigrisigna, Barathra brassicae, Bedellia spp., Bonagota salubricola, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Busseola spp., Cacoecia spp., e.g. C. murinana, C. podana; Cactoblastis cactorum, Cadra cautella, Calingo braziliensis, Caloptilis theivora, Capua reticulana, Carposina spp., e.g. C. niponensis, C. sasakii; Cephus spp., Chaetocnema aridula, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., e.g. C. indicus, C. suppressalis, C. partellus; Choreutis pariana, Choristoneura spp., e.g. C. conflictana, C. fumiferana, C. longicellana, C. murinana, C. occidentalis, C. rosaceana; Chrysodeixis (= Pseudoplusia) spp., e.g. C. eriosoma, C. includens; Cirphis unipuncta, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cnephasia spp., Cochylis hospes, Coleophora spp., Colias eurytheme, Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus spp., Copitarsia spp., Corcyra cephalonica, Crambus caliginosellus, Crambus teterrellus, Crocidosema (= Epinotia) aporema, Cydalima (= Diaphania) perspectalis, Cydia (= Carpocapsa) spp., e.g. C. pomonella, C. latiferreana; Dalaca noctuides, Datana integerrima, Dasychira pinicola, Dendrolimus spp., e.g. D. pini, D. spectabilis, D. sibiricus; Desmia funeralis, Diaphania spp., e.g. D. nitidalis, D. hyalinata; Diatraea grandiosella, Diatraea saccharalis, Diphthera festiva, Earias spp., e.g. E. insulana, E. vittella; Ecdytolopha aurantianu, Egira (= Xylomyges) curialis, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana saccharina, Endopiza viteana, Ennomos subsignaria, Eoreuma loftini, Ephestia spp., e.g. E. cautella, E. elutella, E. kuehniella; Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis tiliaria, Erionota thrax, Etiella spp., Eulia spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Evetria bouliana, Faronta albilinea, Feltia spp., e.g. F. subterranean; Galleria mellonella, Gracilaria spp., Grapholita spp., e.g. G. funebrana, G. molesta, G. inopinata; Halysidota spp., Harrisina americana, Hedylepta spp., Helicoverpa spp., e.g. H. armigera (= Heliothis armigera), H. zea (= Heliothis zea); Heliothis spp., e.g. H. assulta, H. H. subflexa, H. virescens; Hellula spp., e.g. H. undalis, H. rogatalis; Helocoverpa gelotopoeon, Hemileuca oliviae, Herpetogramma licarsisalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homoeosoma electellum, Homona magnanima, Hypena scabra, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta padella, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Kakivoria flavofasciata, Kaeperia Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa, Lamprosema indicata, Laspeyresia molesta, Leguminivora glycinivorella, Lerodea eufala, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoma salicis, Leucoptera spp., e.g. L. coffeella, L. scitella; Leuminivora lycinivorella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Llattia octo (= Amyna axis), Lobesia botrana, Lophocampa spp., Loxagrotis albicosta, Loxostege spp., e.g. L. sticticalis, L. cereralis; Lymantria spp., e.g. L. dispar, L. monacha; Lyonetia clerkella, Lyonetia prunifoliella, Malacosoma spp., such as M. americanum, M. californicum, M. constrictum, M. neustria; Mamestra spp., such as M. brassicae, M. configurata; Mamstra brassicae, Manduca spp., such as M. quinquemaculata, M. sexta; Marasmia spp., Marmara spp., Maruca testulalis, Megalopyge lanata, Melanchra picta, Melanitis leda, Mocis spp., e.g. M. lapites, M. repanda; Mocis latipes, Monochroa fragariae, Mythimna separata, Nemapogon cloacella, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Nepytia spp., Nymphula spp., Oiketicus spp., Omiodes indicata, Omphisa anastomosalis, Operophtera brumata, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Oria spp., Orthaga thyrisalis, Ostrinia spp., e.g. O. nubilalis; Oulema oryzae, Paleacrita vernata, Panolis flammea, Parnara spp., Papaipema nebris, Papilio cresphontes, Paramyelois transitella, Paranthrene regalis, Paysandisia archon, Pectinophora spp., e.g. P. gossypiella; Peridroma saucia, Perileucoptera spp., e.g. P. coffeella; Phalera bucephala, Phryganidia californica, Phthorimaea spp., such as P. operculella; Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp., such as P. blancardella, P. crataegella, P. issikii, P. ringoniella; Pieris spp., such as P. brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi; Pilocrocis tripunctata, Plathypena scabra, Platynota spp., e.g. P. flavedana, P. idaeusalis, P. stultana; Platyptilia carduidactyla, Plebejus argus, Plodia interpunctella, Plusia spp., Plutella maculipennis, Plutella xylostella, Pontia protodica, Prays spp., Prodenia spp., Proxenus lepigone, Pseudaletia spp., e.g. P. sequax, P. unipuncta; Pyrausta nubilalis, Rachiplusia nu, Richia albicosta, Rhizobius ventralis, Rhyacionia frustrana, Sabulodes aegrotata, Schizura concinna, Schoenobius spp., Schreckensteinia festaliella, Scirpophaga spp., e.g. S. incertulas, S. innotata; Scotia segetum, Sesamia spp., e.g. S. S. inferens, Seudyra subflava, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spilonota lechriaspis, S. ocellana, Spodoptera (= Lambygma) spp., such as S. cosmoides, S. eridania, S. exigua, S. frugiperda, S. latisfascia, S. littoralis, S. litura, S. omithogalli; Stigmella spp., Stomopteryx subsecivella, Strymon bazochii, Syllepta derogata, Synanthedon spp., e.g. S. S. exitiosa, Tecia solanivora, Telehin licus, Thaumatophoea pityocampa, Thaumatatibia (= Cryptophlebia) leucotreta, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Thecla spp., Theresimima ampelophaga, Thyrinteina spp., Tildenia inconspicuella, Tinea spp., e.g. T. cloacella, T. pellionella; Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix spp., e.g. T. viridana; Trichophaga tapetzella, Trichoplusia spp., e.g. T. ni; Tuta (= Scrobipalpula) absoluta, Udea spp., e.g. U. rubigalis, U. U. rubigalis; Virachola spp., Yponomeuta padella, and Zeiraphera canadensis;

Insects from the order Coleoptera, for example Acalymma vittatum, Acanthoscehdes obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelasta alni, Agrilus spp., for example A. anxius, A. planipennis, A. sinuatus; Agriotes spp., for example A. fuscicollis, A. lineatus, A. obscurus; Alphitobius diaperinus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anisoplia austriaca, Anobium punctatum, Anomala corpulenta, Anomala rufocuprea, Anoplophora spp., e.g. A. glabripennis; Anthonomus spp., e.g. A. eugenii, A. grandis, A. pomorum; Anthrenus spp., Aphthona euphoridae, Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria spp., e.g. A. linearis; Attagenus spp., Aulacophora femoralis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., e.g. B. lentis, B. pisorum, B. B. rufimanus; Byctiscus betulae, Callidiellum rufipenne, Callopistria floridensis, Callosobruchus chinensis, Cameraria ohridella, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorhynchus spp., e.g. C. assimilis, C. napi; Chaetocnema tibialis, Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., e.g. C. vespertinus; Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Crioceris asparagi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Ctenicera spp., e.g. C. destructor; Curculio spp., Cylindrocopturus spp., Cyclocephala spp., Dactylispa balyi, Dectes texanus, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., such as D. undecimpunctata, D. speciosa, D. longicornis, D. semipunctata, D. virgifera; Diaprepes abbreviates, Dichocrocis spp., Dicladispa armigera, Diloboderus abderus, Diocalandra frumenti (Diocalandra stigmaticollis), Enaphalodes rufulus, Epilachnae spp., e.g. E. varivestis, E. vigintioctomaculata; Epitrix spp., e.g. E. hirtipennis, E. similaris; Eutheola humilis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Gnathocerus cornutus, Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylobius abietis, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera spp., e.g. H. brunneipennis, H. postica; Hypomesces squamosus, Hypothenemus spp., Ips typographus, Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lasioderma serricorne, Latheticus oryzae, Lathridius spp., Lema spp., e.g. L. bilineata, L. melanopus; Leptinotarsa spp., e.g. L. decemlineata; Leptispa pygmaea, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Luperodes spp., Lyctus spp., e.g. L. bruneus; Liogenys fuscus, Macrodactylus spp., e.g. M. subspinosus; Maladera matrida, Megaplatypus mutates, Megascelis spp., Melanotus communis, Meligethes spp., e.g. M. aeneus; Melolontha spp., e.g. M. hippocastani, M. melolontha; Metamasius hemipterus, Microtheca spp., Migdolus spp., e.g. M. fryanus, Monochamus spp., e.g. M. alternatus; Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oberia brevis, Oemona hirta, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oryzaphagus oryzae, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Oxycetonia jucunda (Oxycetonia jucunda), Phaedon spp., such as P. brassicae, P. cochleariae; Phoracantha recurva, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllophaga spp., such as P. helleri; Phyllotreta spp., such as P. chrysocephala, P. nemorum, P. striolata, P. vittula; Phyllopertha horticola, Popilia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psacothea hilaris, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Prostephanus truncates, Psylliodes spp., Ptinus spp., Pulga saltona, Rhizopertha dominica, Rhynchophorus spp., e.g. R. billineatus, R. ferrugineus, R. palmarum, R. R. phoenicis, R. vulneratus; Saperda candida, Scolytus schevyrewi, Scyphophorus acupunctatus, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus spp., such as S. granaria, S. oryzae, S. zeamais; Sphenophorus spp., such as S. levis; Stegobium paniceum, Sternechus spp., such as S. subsignatus; Strophomorphus ctenotus, Symphyletes spp., Tanymecus spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium spp., such as T. castaneum; Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., such as X. pyrrhoderus; and Zabrus spp., such as Z. tenebrioides;

Insects from the order of Diptera, for example Aedes spp., such as A. aegypti, A. albopictus, A. vexans; Anastrepha ludens, Anopheles spp., such as A. albimanus, A. crucians, A. freeborni, A. gambiae, A. leucosphyrus, A. maculipennis, A. minimus, A. quadrimaculatus, A. sinensis; Bactrocera invadens, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., such as C. bezziana, C. hominivorax, C. macellaria; Chrysops atlanticus, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Cochliomyia spp., such as C. hominivorax; Contarinia spp., e.g. C. sorghicola; Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., e.g. C. nigripalpus, C. pipiens, C. quinquefasciatus, C. tarsalis, C. tritaeniorhynchus; Culicoides furens, Culiceta inornata, Culiceta melanura, Cuterebra spp., Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Dasineura oxycoccana, Delia spp., e.g. D. antique, D. coarctata, D. platura, D. radicum; Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., e.g. D. D. suzukii, Fannia spp., e.g. F. canicularis; Gastraphilus spp., e.g. G. intestinalis; Geomyza tipunctata, Glossina spp., e.g. G. fuscipes, G. morsitans, G. palpalis, G. tachinoides; Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia spp., e.g. H. H. platura; Hypoderma spp., e.g. H. lineata; Hippobosca spp., Hydrellia philippina, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza spp., e.g. L. sativae, L. trifolii; Lucilia spp., e.g. L. caprina, L. cuprina, L. sericata; Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola spp., e.g. M. M. destructor; Musca spp., such as M. autumnalis, M. domestica; Muscina stabulans, Oestrus spp., such as O. ovis; Opomyza florum, Oscinella spp., such as O. frit; Orseolia oryzae, Pegomya hysocyami, Phlebotomus argentipes, Phorbia spp., such as P. antiqua, P. brassicae, P. coarctata; Phytomyza gymnostoma, Prosimulium mixtum, Psila rosae, Psorophora columbiae, Psorophora discolor, Rhagoletis spp., such as R. cerasi, R. cingulate, R. indifferens, R. mendax, R. pomonella; Riverllia quadrifasciata, Sarcophaga spp., such as S. haemorrhoidalis; Simulium vittatum, Sitodiplosis mosellana, Stomoxys spp., such as S. calcitrans; Tabanus spp., such as T. atratus, T. bovinus, T. lineola, T. similis; Tannia spp., Thecodiplosis japonensis, Tipula oleracea, Tipula paludosa, and Wohlfahrtia spp.;

Insects from the order of Thrips, for example, Baliothrips biformis, Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp., Echinothrips americanus, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., e.g. F. fusca, F. occidentalis, F. tritici; Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Microcephalothrips abdominalis, Neohydatothrips samayunkur, Pezothrips kellyanus, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., such as S. citri, S. dorsalis, S. perseae; Stenchaetothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni, Taeniothrips inconsequens, Thrips spp., e.g. T. imagines, T. hawaiiensis, T. oryzae, T. palmi, T. parvispinus, T. tabaci;

Insects from the order of Acrididae, for example Acizzia jamatonica, Acrosternum spp., e.g. A. hilare; Acyrthosipon spp., e.g. A. onobrychis, A. pisum; Adelges laricis, Adelges tsugae, Adelphocoris spp., e.g. A. rapidus, A. superbus; Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aulacorthum solani, Aleurocanthus woglumi, Aleurodes spp., Aleurodicus disperses, Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphidula Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis spp., such as A. craccivora, A. fabae, A. forbesi, A. gossypii, A. grossulariae, A. maidiradicis, A. pomi, A. sambuci, A. schneideri, A. spiraecola; Arboridia apicalis, Arilus critatus, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacaspis yasumatsui, Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli (Paratrioza cockerelli), Bemisia spp., e.g. B. argentifolii, B. tabaci (Aleurodes tabaci); Blissus spp., e.g. B. B. leucopterus; Brachycaudus spp., e.g. B. cardui, B. helichrysi, B. persicae, B. prunicola; Brachycolus spp., Brachycorynella asparagi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp., e.g. C. fulguralis, C. pyricola (Psylla piri); Calligypona marginata, Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Capitophorus horni, Carneocephala fulgida, Cavellerius spp., Ceraplastes spp., Ceratovacuna lanigera, Ceroplastes ceriferus, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionapsis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromapis Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Cimex spp., e.g. C. hemipterus, C. lectularius; Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., e.g. C. hesperidum, C. pseudomagnoliarum; Corythucha arcuata, Creontiades dilutus, Cryptomyzus ribis, Chrysomphalus aonidum, Cryptomyzus ribis, Ctenarytaina spatulata, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dalbulus spp., Dasynus piperis, Dialeurodes spp., e.g. D. citrifolii; Dalbulus maidis, Diaphorina spp., e.g. D. citri; Diaspis spp., e.g. D. bromeliae; Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Doralis spp., Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Drosicha spp., Diaphorina spp., Dysaphis spp., e.g. D. plantaginea, D. pyri, D. radicola; Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysdercus spp., e.g. D. cingulatus, D. intermedius; Dysmicoccus spp., Edessa spp., Geocoris spp., Empoasca spp., e.g. E. fabae, E. solana; Epidiaspis leperii, Eriosoma spp., e.g. E. lanigerum, E. pyricola; Erythroneura spp., Eurygaster spp., e.g. E. integriceps; Euscelis bilobatus, Euschistus spp., e.g. E. heros, E. impictiventris, E. servus; Fiorinia theae, Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Halyomorpha spp., e.g. H. halys; Heliopeltis spp., Homalodisca vitripennis (= H. coagulate), Horcias nobilellus, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Icerya spp., e.g. I. purchase; Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lecanoideus floccissimus, Lepidosaphes spp., e.g. L. ulmi; Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lipaphis erysimi, Lygus spp., e.g. L. hesperus, L. lineolaris, L. pratensis; Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Marchalina hellenica, Macropes excavates, Macrosiphum spp., such as M. rosae, M. avenae, M. euphorbiae; Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Mahanarva fimbriolata, Megacopta cribraria, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Melanaphis sacchari, Melanocallis (= Tinocallis) caryaefoliae, Metcafiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzocallis coryli, Murgantia spp. (Murgantia spp.), Myzus spp., such as M. ascalonicus, M. cerasi, M. nicotianae, M. persicae, M. varians; Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Neotoxoptera formosana, Neomegalotomus spp., Nephotettix spp., such as N. malayanus, N. nigropictus, N. parvus, N. virescens; Nezara spp., such as N. N. viridula; Nilaparvata lugens, Nysius huttoni, Oebalus spp., e.g. O. pugnax; Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Oxycaraenus hyalinipennis, Parabemisia myricae, Parlatoria spp., Parthenolecanium spp., e.g. P. corni, P. persicae; Pemphigus spp., e.g. P. P. bursarius, P. populivenae; Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phenacoccus spp., such as P. aceris, P. gossypii; Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., such as P. devastatrix, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., such as P. guildinii; Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., such as P. citri, P. ficus; Prosapia bicincta, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., such as P. comstocki; Psylla spp., such as P. mali; Pteromalus spp., Pulvinaria amygdali, Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., e.g. Q. perniciosus; Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Reduvius senilis, Rhizoecus americanus, Rhodnius spp., Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum spp., e.g. R. pseudobrassicas, R. insertum, R. R. maidis, R. padi; Sagatodes spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Saissetia spp., Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mali, Scaptocoris spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Scotinophora spp., Selenaspidus articulatus, Sitobion avenae, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Soluvea insularis (Solubea insularis), Spissistilus festinus (=Stictocephala festina), Stephanitis nashi, Stephanitis pyrioides, Stephanitis takeyai, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tetraleurodes perseae, Therioaphis maculate, Thyanta spp., e.g. T. accerra, T. perditor; Tibraca spp., Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., e.g. T. T. aurantii; Trialeurodes spp., such as T. abutilonea, T. ricini, T. vaporariorum; Triatoma spp., Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., such as U. citri, U. yanonensis; and Viteus vitifolii;

Insects from the order Hymenoptera, for example Acanthomyops interjectus, Athalia rosae, Atta spp., e.g. A. capiguara, A. cephalotes, A. cephalotes, A. laevigata, A. robusta, A. sexdens, A. texana, Bombus spp., Brachymyrmex spp., Camponotus spp., e.g. C. floridanus, C. pennsylvanicus, C. C. modoc; Cardiocondyla nuda, Chalibion spp., Crematogaster spp., Dasymutilla occidentalis, Diprion spp., Dolichovespula maculate, Dorymyrmex spp., Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Formica spp., Hoplocampa spp., e.g. H. minuta, H. testudinea; Iridomyrmex humilis, Lasius spp., e.g. L. L. niger, Linepithema humile, Liometopum spp., Leptocybe invasa, Monomorium spp., such as M. pharaonis, Monomorium, Nylandria fulva, Pachycondyla chinensis, Paratrechina longicornis, Paravespula spp., such as P. germanica, P. pennsylvanica, P. vulgaris; Pheidole spp., such as P. megacephala; Pogonomyrmex spp., such as P. barbatus, P. californicus, Polistes rubiginosa, Prenolepis impairs, Pseudomyrmex gracilis, Scheliphron spp., Sirex cyaneus, Solenopsis spp., such as S. geminata, S. invicta, S. molesta, S. richteri, S. S. xyloni, Sphecius speciosus, Sphex spp., Tapinoma spp., e.g. T. melanocephalum, T. sessile; Tetramorium spp., e.g. T. caespitum, T. bicarinatum, Vespa spp., e.g. V. crabro; Vespula spp., e.g. V. squamosal; Wasmannia auropunctata, Xylocopa spp.;

Insects from the order Orthoptera, for example Acheta domesticus, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, Ceutophilus spp., Diastrammena asynamora, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Gryllotalpa spp., e.g. G. africana, G. gryllotalpa; Gryllus spp., Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Locusta spp., e.g. L. L. migratoria, L. pardalina; Melanoplus spp., such as M. bivittatus, M. femurrubrum, M. mexicanus, M. sanguinipes, M. spretus; Nomadacris septemfasciata, Oedaleus senegalensis, Scapteriscus spp., Schistocerca spp., such as S. americana, S. S. gregaria, Stemopelmatus spp., Tachycines asynamorus and Zonozerus variegatus;

Pests from the spider class, for example mites, for example mites of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, for example Amblyomma spp. (e.g. A. americanum, A. variegatum, A. maculatum), Argas spp., for example A. persicu, Boophilus spp., for example B. annulatus, B. decoloratus, B. microplus, Dermacentor spp., for example D. silvarum, D. D. andersoni, D. variabilis, Hyalomma spp., e.g. H. truncatum, Ixodes spp., e.g. I. ricinus, I. rubicundus, I. scapularis, I. holocyclus, I. pacificus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ornithodorus spp., e.g. O. moubata, O. hermsi, O. O. turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes spp., e.g. P. ovis, Rhipicephalus spp., e.g. R. sanguineus, R. appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., e.g. S. scabiei; and spider mites, for example Aceria spp., e.g. A. A. sheldoni, A. anthocoptes, Acallitus spp., Aculops spp., such as A. lycopersici, A. pelekassi; Aculus spp., such as A. schlechtendali; Colomerus vitis, Epitrimerus pyri, Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Eriophytes ribis and Eriophyes spp., such as Eriophyes sheldoni; Dust mites, for example Hemitarsonemus spp., Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Steneotarsonemus spinki; Tenuipalpidae, for example Brevipalpus spp., e.g. B. phoenicis; Mites, for example Eotetranychus spp., Eutetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Petrobia latens, Tetranychus spp., e.g. T. cinnabarinus, T. evansi, T. kanzawai, T. pacificus, T. phaseulus, T. telarius, and T. urticae; Bryobia praetiosa; Panonychus spp., e.g. P. P. ulmi, P. citri; Metatetranychus spp. and Oligonychus spp., such as O. pratensis, O. perseae, Vasates lycopersici; Raoiella indica, Carpoglyphidae, for example Carpoglyphus spp.; Penthaleae spp., for example Haloydeus destructor; Demodex mites, for example Demodex spp.; Trombicidea, for example Trombicula spp.; Macronyssidae, for example Ornothonyssus spp.; Pyemotidae, for example Pyemotes tritici; Tyrophagus putrescentiae; Mites, for example Acarus siro; True spiders, such as Latrodectus mactans, Tegenaria agrestis, Chiracanthium spp., Lycosa spp., Achaearanea tepidariorum, and Loxosceles reclusa;

Pests from the nematode phylum, for example plant parasitic nematodes, such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., such as M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera spp., such as G. rostochiensis; Heterodera spp., such as H. avenae, H. glycines, H. schachtii, H. trifolii; seed nematodes, Anguina spp.; stem and leaf nematodes, Aphelenchoides spp., such as A. A. besseyi; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus spp., such as B. longicaudatus; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus spp., such as B. lignicolus, B. xylophilus; Ring nematodes, Criconema spp., Criconemella spp., such as C. xenoplax and C. ornate; and Criconemoides spp., such as Criconemoides informis; Mesocriconema spp.; Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp., e.g. D. destructor, D. dipsaci; owl nematodes, Dolichodorus spp.; spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus; sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora spp. and Hemicriconemoides spp.; Hirshmanniella spp.; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus spp.; False's root-knot nematodes, Nacobbus spp.; needle nematodes, Longidorus spp., e.g. L. L. elongates; Lesional nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., e.g. P. brachyurus, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, P. curvitatus, P. goodeyi; Invasive nematodes, Radopholus spp., e.g. R. similis; Rhadopholus spp.; Rhodopholus spp.; Renal nematodes, Rotylenchus spp., e.g. R. robustus, R. reniformis; Scutellonema spp.; Stubby-root nematodes, Trichodorus spp., e.g. T. obtusus, T. primitivus; Paratrichodorus spp., e.g. P. minor; Dwarf nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus spp., e.g. T. claytoni, T. dubius; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus spp., e.g. T. semipenetrans; Sword nematodes, Xiphinema spp.; and other plant-parasitic nematode species;

Insects from the order of the Cockroaches, for example Macrotermes spp., e.g. M. natalensis; Cornitermes cumulans, Procornitermes spp., Globitermes sulfureus, Neocapritermes spp., e.g. N. opacus, N. parvus; Odontotermes spp., Nasutitermes spp., e.g. N. corniger; Coptotermes spp., e.g. C. formosanus, C. C. gestroi, C. acinaciformis; Reticulitermes spp., such as R. hesperus, R. tibialis, R. speratus, R. flavipes, R. grassei, R. lucifugus, R. virginicus; Heterotermes spp., such as H. aureus, H. longiceps, H. tenuis; Cryptotermes spp., such as C. brevis, C. C. cavifrons; Incisitermes spp., such as I. minor, I. snyderi; Marginitermes hubbardi, Kalotermes flavicollis, Neotermes spp., such as N. castaneus, Zootermopsis spp., such as Z. angusticollis, Z. nevadensis, Mastotermes spp., such as M. darwiniensis; Blatta spp., such as B. orientalis, B. B. lateralis; Blattella spp., such as B. asahinae, B. germanica; Rhyparobia maderae, Panchlora nivea, Periplaneta spp., such as P. americana, P. australasiae, P. brunnea, P. fuliginosa, P. japonica; Supella longipalpa, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Eurycotis floridana, Pycnoscelus surinamensis;

Insects from the order of the Fleas, for example Cediopsylla simples, Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp., e.g. C. felis, C. canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Trichodectes canis, Tunga penetrans and Nosopsillus fasciatus;

Some insects from the order Lepisma saccharina, Ctenolepisma urbana and Thermobia domestica;

Pests from the river sedge, for example, Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp., e.g. Scutigera coleoptrata;

Pests from the river squirrel, e.g. Blaniulus guttulatus, Julus spp., Narceus spp.;

Pests from the combined rivers, for example Scutigerella immaculata;

Insects from the order of the earwigs, for example, Forficula auricularia;

Insects from the order Onychiurus, for example Onychiurus spp., e.g. Onychiurus armatus;

Pests from the order of the louse, for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber;

Insects from this order, for example Damalinia spp., Pediculus spp., for example Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pediculus humanus humanus; Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus spp., for example Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis; Linognathus spp., for example Linognathus vituli; Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, and Solenopotes capillatus, Trichodectes spp.

Examples of further pest species which can be controlled by the compounds of formula (I) include those from: Phylum mollusca, class Bivalvia, for example, Dreissena spp.; Gastropoda, for example, Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea canaliclata, Succinea spp.; Parasites, e.g. Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Dictyocaulus filarial, Diphyllobothrium Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., e.g. Haemonchus contortus; Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp. spp.), Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.

Rice pests

In the context of the present invention, rice pest invertebrates are animal pests occurring in rice. Rice pest invertebrates include insects, mites and nematodes, preferably insects. Rice pest invertebrates known to be sufficiently abundant in rice include, but are not limited to, the following species:

Thrush:

Brown planthopper - Nilaparvata lugens

Small brown planthopper - Laodelphax striatellus

White-backed planthopper - Sogatella furcifera

White leafhopper - Cofana spectra

Green leafhoppers - Nephotettix virescens, N. nigriceps, N. cincticeps, N. malayanus

Zig zag leafhopper - Recilia dorsalis

Maize orange leafhopper - Cicadulina bipunctata

Aster leafhopper - Macrosteles fascifrons

Rice earhead bug, Leptocorisa oratorius, L. acuta

Rice stink bugs - Nezara viridula, Pygomenida varipennis, Eysarcoris, Tibraca limbatriventris, Eysarcoris ventralis

Small stink bug - Oebalus poecilus, O. pugnax

Coreid bug - Eysarcoris sp.

Chinch bug - Blissus leucopterus leucopterus

Rice mealybug, Brevennia rehi, Pseudococcus saccharicola

Rice aphids, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Macrosiphum avenae, Hysteroneura setariae, Tetraneuro nigriabdominalis

Bean root aphid - Smynthurodes betae

Butterfly neck:

Rice skipper - Parnara guttata, Melanitis Ieda ismene

Rice stem borer / striped stem borer - Chilo suppressalis, Chilo polychrusus, Chilo partellus, Chilo plejadellus

Rice stalk borer - Chilotraea polychrysa

Pink rice borer - Sesamia inferens

Yellow rice borer - Tryporyza (=Scirpophaga) incertulas

White rice borer - Tryporyza innotata

Rice leafroller/leaf folder moth - Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis, M. exigua

Rice ear-cutting caterpillar / armyworm - Pseudaletia separata

Green caterpillar - Xanthodes transversa

Green rice caterpillar - Narnaga aenescens

Green horned caterpillars - Melanitis Ieda ismene, Mycalesis sp.

Fall army worm - Spodoptera frugiperda

Cutworm - Mythimna separata

Rice case worm - Nymphula depunctalis

Black hairy caterpillar, Amata sp.

Hairy caterpillar - Mocis frugalis

Yellow caterpillar, Psalis pennatula

Rice semi-brown looper, Mocis frugalis

Rice semi-looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites

Grass webworm - Herpetogramma licarsisalis

Sugarcane borer - Diatraea saccharalis

Corn stalk borer - Elasmopalpus lignosellus

Striped grass looper - Mocis latipes

European corn borer - Ostrinia nubilalis

Mexican rice borer - Eoreuma loftini

Beetle Order:

Water weevil - Lissorhopterus oryzophilus

Rice plant weevil - Echinocnemus squamous

Rice weevil - Oryzophagus oryzae

Rice weevil (rice hispa) - Diclodispa armigera

Rice leaf beetle - Oulema oryzae

Rice blackbug - Scotinophora vermidulate, S. vermidulate, S. lurida, S. latiuscula

Rice flea beetle - Chaetocnima basalis

Grubs - Leucopholis irrorata, Leucopholis irrorata, Phyllophaga sp., Heteronychus sp.

Scarab beetle (bicho torito) - Diloboderus abderus

Weevils (billbugs) - Sphenophorus spp.

Grape colaspis - Colaspis brunnea, C. louisianae

Rice pollen beetle, Chilolava acuta

Paris neck:

Stem maggot - Chlorops oryzae

Leafminer - Agromyza oryzae

Rice whorl maggot / Rice stem maggot - Hydrellia sasakii

Rice whorl maggot / small rice leafminer - Hydrellia griseola

Rice gall midge - Orseolia (=Pachydiplosis) oryzae

Rice shoot fly - Atherigona oryzae

Rice seed midge - Chironomus cavazzai, Chironomus spp., Cricotopus spp.

Total insect order:

Rice thrips - Chloethrips oryzae, Stenochaetothrips biformis, Perrisothrips sp., Hoplothrips sp.

Grasshopper neck:

Rice grasshoppers, Hieroglyphus banian, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus, Catantops pinguis, Attractomorpha burri, A. crenulate, A. psittacina psittacina, A. bedeli, Oxya adenttata, Oxya ebneri, Oxya hyla intricata, Acrida turricata

Locusts - Locusta migratoria manilensis

Mole cricket, Grylotalpa africana

Field crickets: Gryllus bimaculatus, Teleogryllus occipitalis, Euscyrtus concinus

Katydid - Conocephalus longipennis

Termite neck:

Termites - Macrotermes gilvus, Syntermes molestans

Logging:

Ants - Solenopsis geminata

Rice white tip nematode - Aphelenchoides besseyi

Tick neck:

Rice panicle mite - Steotarsonemus pinki

shellfish:

Tadpole shrimp - Triops longicaudatus, T. cancriformis

Rice crayfish - Procambarus clarkii, Orconectes virilis.

Additionally, rice is affected by a variety of insects including Leptocorisa chinensis, Lagynotomus elongates, Nerzara viridula, Eysacoris parvus, Leptocorisa oratorius, Oebalus pugnax, Cletus trigonus, as well as various mites, caterpillars, beetles, root worms and maggots.

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a biting/chewing insect.

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a stinging/sucking insect.

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a stimulating insect.

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a vector insect.

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a sucking insect.

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrates are selected from the group consisting of a brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), a small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), a white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), a rice stem borer/striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), a yellow rice borer (Tryporyza (=Scirpophaga) incertulas), and a rice leafroller/leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). medinalis) and water weevils (Lissorhopterus oryzophilus).

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is from the order Hemiptera or the order Lepidoptera.

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is from the order of Hemiptera. In another embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a hopper, preferably selected from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), and the green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens). In another embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is selected from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and the green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens), preferably the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens).

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens).

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is the green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens).

In another embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a stink bug, preferably selected from rice stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Pygomenida varipennis, Eysarcoris, Tibraca limbatriventris, Eysarcoris ventralis) or small stink bugs (Oebalus poecilus, O. pugnax).

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is from the order Lepidoptera. In another embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a borer, preferably a rice borer, preferably a rice moth (Chilo suppressalis) or a yellow rice borer (Tryporyza (=Scirpophaga) incertulas).

In another embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is rice leafroller/leaf folder moth (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis, M. exigua).

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is from the order Coleoptera. In another embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a water weevil (Lissorhopterus oryzophilus). In another embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is a rice weevil (Oryzophagus oryzae).

In one embodiment, the rice pest invertebrate is from the family Termite (order Termites).

Mixture of two or more

The mixtures of the present invention can be applied in agriculture in combination with further active ingredients, for example other pesticides, in particular insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate, urea, potassium and superphosphate, plant toxicants and plant growth regulators. Preferred mixing partners are insecticides, nematicides and fungicides.

These mixtures are also encompassed by the term "mixtures of the invention" or "mixtures according to the invention".

These additional ingredients may be used sequentially or in combination with the mixture of the present invention, and may also be added only immediately prior to use (tank mix), if appropriate. For example, the plants may be sprayed with the mixture of the present invention before or after treatment with other active ingredients.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a mixture of the invention which is a binary mixture of compounds I and II, i.e. these active ingredients are the only active agents. A preferred weight ratio for such binary mixtures is from 5000:1 to 1:5000, preferably from 1000:1 to 1:1000, more preferably from 100:1 to 1:100, particularly preferably from 10:1 to 1:10. In such binary mixtures, compounds I and II can be used in equal amounts, or an excess of component I, or an excess of component II, can be used.

In one embodiment, the preferred weight ratio of benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulpirin is 100:1 to 1:1, 50:1 to 1:1, 40:1 to 1:1, 20:1 to 1:1, 16:1 to 1:1, or 10:1 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the preferred weight ratio is 100:1 to 1:3, 50:1 to 1:3, 40:1 to 1:3, 20:1 to 1:3, 16:1 to 1:3, or 10:1 to 1:3. In another embodiment, the preferred weight ratio is from 100:1 to 3:1, from 50:1 to 3:1, from 40:1 to 3:1, from 20:1 to 3:1, from 16:1 to 3:1, or from 10:1 to 3:1.

If the mixture is not a binary mixture, i.e. contains more active compounds, the same mixture ratio preference also applies to compounds I and II.

The present invention also relates to a process according to the invention, wherein a mixture according to the invention is applied with one or more additional mixing partners as defined hereinbelow, when the additional mixing partner is not already contained in the mixture of compounds I and II. These mixtures are also considered as mixtures according to the invention.

The following list M of pesticides, grouped and numbered according to the IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee) classification of modes of action, which may be used together in the mixtures of the present invention and which together may produce potential synergistic effects, is intended to illustrate possible combinations but does not provide any limitations:

M.1 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors: M.1A carbamates, e.g. aldicarb, alanicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiophencarb, fenobucarb, formethanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiophanox, trimetacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, and triazamates; or M.1B organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethifos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusaphos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chloropyrifos, chloropyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulphoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imiciaphos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, penthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenophos, propetamphos, prothiophos, pyraclophos, pyridafenthion, quinalphos, sulfoteph, tebupirimphos, temephos, terbuphos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometone, triazophos, trichlorphone, and bamidothione;

M.2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: M.2A Cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, for example endosulfan or chlordane; or M.2B Pyproles (phenylpyrazoles), for example ethiprole, fipronil, flupiprole, pyrafluprole and pyriprol;

M.3 Sodium channel modulators from the following classes: M.3A Pyrethroids, for example acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, emfenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucitrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, pralethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin; or M.3B sodium channel modulators such as DDT or methoxychlor;

M.4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nAChR): M.4A neonicotinoids, for example acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxapride, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; or compounds M.4A.1: 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine, M.4A.2: (2E-)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; or M4.A.3: 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; or M.4B Nicotine; M.4C Sulfoxaflor; M.4D Flupyradifurone; M.4E Triflumezopyrim, M.4E.1a) (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-oleate, M.4E.1b) (3S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-oleate, M.4E.1c) (3S)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-3-pyrimidin-5-yl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-oleate, M.4E.1d) (3R)-3-(2-Chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-oleate; M.4E.1e) (3R)-3-(2-Chlorothiazol-5-yl)-6-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-oleate, M.4E.1f) (3R)-3-(2-Chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-ethyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-oleate;

M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: spinosyns, e.g. spinosad or spinetoram;

M.6 Chloride channel activators from the following classes: avermectins and milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;

M.7 Juvenile hormone mimetics, such as M.7A juvenile hormone analogues hydroprene, quinoprene and methoprene; or M.7B phenoxycarb, or M.7C pyriproxyfen;

M.8 Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for example M.8A Alkyl halides, such as methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, M.8B Chloropicrin, M.8C Sulfuryl fluoride, M.8D Borax, or M.8E Tartar emetic;

M.9 TRPV channel modulators of the tibiofibrillar system, e.g. M.9B pymetrozine; pyrifluquinazone;

M.10 Tick growth inhibitors, for example M.10A clofentezine, hexythiazox and diplovidazine, or M.10B etoxazole;

M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect central membranes, for example bacillus thuringiensis or bacillus sphaericus and insecticidal proteins produced by them, for example bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, or Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34/35Ab1;

M.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, for example M.12A diafenthiuron, or M.12B organotin acaricides, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin or fenbutatin oxide, M.12C propargite, or M.12D tetradifon;

M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation through perturbation of the proton gradient, e.g. chlorphenapyr, DNOC or sulfuramide;

M.14 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, such as the neristoxin analogues bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, or thiosultap sodium;

M.15 Type 0 inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, such as benzoylureas, for example bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, nobiflumuron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron;

M.16 Type 1 inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, e.g. buprofezin;

M.17 Metamorphic disruptors, diploids, e.g. cyromazine;

M.18 Ecdysone receptor agonists, such as diacylhydrazines, for example methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;

M.19 Octopamine receptor agonists, e.g. amitraz;

M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, e.g. M.20A hydramethylnon, M.20B acequinocyl, M.20C fluacripyrim; or M.20D bifenazate;

M.21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example M.21A METI acaricides and insecticides, such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad or tolfenpyrad, or M.21B rotenone;

M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. M.22A indoxacarb, M.22B metaflumizone, or M.22B.1: 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide or M.22B.2: N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

M.23 Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, such as tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat; M.23.1 Spiropidione;

M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example M.24A phosphines, such as aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine or zinc phosphide, or M.24B cyanide;

M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as beta-ketonitrile derivatives, for example cyenopyrafen or cyflumetofen;

M.28 Ryanodine receptor modulators from the classes: diamides, for example flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, M.28.1: (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, M.28.2: (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, M.28.3: cyclaniliprol, or M.28.4: Methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; M.28.5i) N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5j) 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5k) Tetrachlorantraniliprole; M.28.5l) N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; or M.28.6: Cyhalodiamide; or

M.29: Acoustic organ modulators - undefined target site, e.g. flonicamide;

M.UN. Insecticidally active compounds of unknown or unclear mode of action, for example afidopirofen, apoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chinomethionate, cryolite, dichloromesothiaz, dicofol, flufenerim, flometoquine, fluensulfone, fluhexaphone, fluopyram, fluralaner, metaldehyde, methoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, piflubumide, pyridalyl, thioxazaphen;

M.UN.3: 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11-en-10-one;

M.UN.4: 3-(4'-Fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one;

M.UN.5: 1-[2-Fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, or an activator based on bacillus firmus (Votivo, I-1582);

M.UN.6: Flupyrimidine;

M.UN.8: Fluazazinedolizine;

M.UN.9.a): 4-[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide; M.UN.9.b): Fluxamethamide;

M.UN.10: 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole;

M.UN.11.i) 4-Cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide; M.UN.11.j) 4-Cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide; M.UN.11.k) N-[5-[[2-Chloro-6-cyano-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.11.l) N-[5-[[2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.11.m) N-[5-[[2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.11.n) 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.11.o) 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; M.UN.11.p) N-[5-[[2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; or

M.UN.12.a) 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; M.UN.12.b) 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; M.UN.12.c) 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; M.UN.12.d) N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; M.UN.12.e) N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;

M.UN.14a) 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; or M.UN.14b) 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;

M.UN.16a) 1-Isopropyl-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; or M.UN.16b) 1-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16c) N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16d) 1-[1-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16e) N-Ethyl-1-(2-fluoro-1-methyl-propyl)-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16f) 1-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16g) 1-[1-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16h) N-Methyl-1-(2-fluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16i) 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; or M.UN.16j) 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;

M.UN.17a) N-(1-Methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17b) N-Cyclopropyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17c) N-Cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17d) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17e) 2-(3-Pyridinyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17f) Methyl 2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylate; M.UN.17g) N-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17h) N-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17i) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17j) N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide;

M.UN.18 Ticlopyrazoflor;

M.UN.19 Sarolaner;

M.UN.20 Rotillaner;

M.UN.21 N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;

M.UN.22a) 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, or M.UN.22b) 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine;

M.UN.23 Isocycloceram;

M.UN.24a) N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, or M.UN.24b) N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide;

M.UN.25 Asinonaphir;

M.UN.26 Benzpirimoxane;

M.UN.27 Tigolaner;

M.UN.28 Oxazosulpil;

M.UN.29a) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29b) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29c) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29d) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29.e) (2Z)-3-(2-Isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, or M.UN.29f) (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one;

M.UN.30a) 2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30b) 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30c) 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30d) 2-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30e) 2-(7-Chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30f) 2-(3-Ethylsulfonyl-7-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30g) 3-Ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, M.UN.30h) 2-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30i) 2-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, M.UN.30j) 2-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, M.UN.30k) 2-(6-Bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine.

Commercially available compounds of the group M listed above can be found in, among other publications, The Pesticide Manual, 17th Edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2015). The online Pesticide Manual is updated regularly and can be accessed at http://bcpcdata.com/pesticide-manual.html.

Another online database of pesticides that provides ISO common names is http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides.

M.4 Cycloxapride is known from WO 2010/069266 and WO 2011/069456. M.4A.1 is known from CN 103814937; CN 105367557, CN 105481839. M.4A.2, guadipir is known from WO 2013/003977, M.4A.3 (approved in China as pichongding) is known from WO 2007/101369. M.4E.1a) to M.4E.1f) are known from WO 2018/177970. M.22B.1 is described in CN 10171577, M.22B.2 is described in CN 102126994. Spiropidion M.23.1 is known from WO 2014/191271. M.28.1 and M.28.2 are known from WO 2007/101540. M.28.3 is described in WO 2005/077934. M.28.4 is described in WO 2007/043677. M.28.5a) to M.28.5d) and M.28.5h) are described in WO 2007/006670, WO 2013/024009 and WO 2013/024010, M.28.5i) is described in WO 2011/085575, M.28.5j) is described in WO 2008/134969, M.28.5k) is described in US 2011/046186 and M.28.5l) is described in WO 2012/034403. M.28.6 can be found in WO 2012/034472. M.UN.3 is known from WO 2006/089633, M.UN.4 is known from WO 2008/067911. M.UN.5 is described in WO 2006/043635, a biological control agent based on bacillus firmus is described in WO 2009/124707. Flupyrimine is described in WO 2012/029672. M.UN.8 is known from WO 2013/055584. M.UN.9.a) is described in WO 2013/050317. M.UN.9.b) is described in WO 2014/126208. M.UN.10 is known from WO 2010/060379. Broflanilide and M.UN.11.b) to M.UN.11.h) are described in WO 2010/018714, M.UN.11i) to M.UN.11.p) are described in WO 2010/127926. M.UN.12.a) to M.UN.12.c) are known from WO 2010/006713, M.UN.12.d) and M.UN.12.e) are known from WO 2012/000896. M.UN.14a) and M.UN.14b) are known from WO 2007/101369. M.UN.16.a) to M.UN.16h) are described in WO 2010/034737, WO 2012/084670 and WO 2012/143317, M.UN.16i) and M.UN.16j) are described in WO 2015/055497. M.UN.17a) to M.UN.17.j) are described in WO 2015/038503. M.UN.18 ticloprazoflor is described in US 2014/0213448. M.UN.19 is described in WO 2014/036056. M.UN.20 is known from WO 2014/090918. M.UN.21 is known from EP 2910126. M.UN.22a and M.UN.22b are known from WO 2015/059039 and WO 2015/190316. M.UN.23a and M.UN.23b are known from WO 2013/050302. M.UN.24a and M.UN.24b are known from WO 2012/126766. Acinonapyr M.UN.25 is known from WO 2011/105506. Benzpyrimoxane M.UN.26 is known from WO 2016/104516. M.UN.27 is known from WO 2016/174049. M.UN.28 Oxazosulphil is known from WO 2017/104592. M.UN.29a) to M.UN.29f) are known from WO 2009/102736 or WO 2013/116053. M.UN.30 is known from WO 2013/050302. M.UN.30a) to M.UN.30k) are known from WO 2018/052136.

The following list of fungicides which may be used together with the mixtures of the present invention is intended to illustrate, but is not intended to limit, possible combinations in the methods according to the present invention:

A) Respiratory depressants

- Inhibitors of complex III at the Q _o site: azoxystrobin (A.1.1), coumethoxystrobin (A.1.2), coumoxystrobin (A.1.3), dimoxystrobin (A.1.4), enestroburin (A.1.5), phenaminstrobin (A.1.6), phenoxystrobin/fluphenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), kresoxim-methyl (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), metominostrobin (A.1.11), orysastrobin (A.1.12), picoxystrobin (A.1.13), pyraclostrobin (A.1.14), pyrametostrobin (A.1.15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide (A.1.18), pyribencarb (A.1.19), triclopyricarb/chlorodinecarb (A.1.20), famoxadone (A.1.21), fenamidone (A.1.21), methyl-N-[2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxymethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), methyltetrapol (A.1.25), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1.34), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1.35), pyriminostrobin (A.1.36), hypericum anhydride (A.1.37), 2-(ortho-((2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (A.1.38);

- Inhibitors of complex III at the Q _i site: cyanofamide (A.2.1), amisulbromine (A.2.2), [(6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]-2-methylpropanoate (A.2.3), fenpicoxamide (A.2.4), florylpicoxamide (A.2.5);

- Inhibitors of complex II: benodanil (A.3.1), benzobindifflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), isofetamide (A.3.11), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), fenflufen (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A.3.16), pidiflumetofen (A.3.17), pyrazinflumide (A.3.18), sedaxane (A.3.19), Tecloptalam (A.3.20), tifluzamide (A.3.21), infirfluxam (A.3.22), pyrapropoin (A.3.23), fluindapyr (A.3.28), N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.29), methyl (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate (A.3.30), isofluripram (A.3.31), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.32), 2-(Difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.33), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.34), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.35), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.36), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.37), 2-(Difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.38), 2-(Difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.39);

- Other respiratory depressants: diflumetorim (A.4.1); nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacryl (A.4.2), dinobutone (A.4.3), dinocap (A.4.4), fluazinam (A.4.5), meftyldinocap (A.4.6), ferimzone (A.4.7); organometallic compounds: fentin salts, for example fentin acetate (A.4.8), fentin chloride (A.4.9) or fentin hydroxide (A.4.10); ametoctradine (A.4.11); silthiopam (A.4.12);

B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

- C14 demethylase inhibitors: Triazoles: azaconazole (B.1.1), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromuconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), diniconazole-M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), flucilazole (B.1.11), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imibenconazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1.18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazole (B.1.20), penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), tetraconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1.28), triticonazole (B.1.29), uniconazole (B.1.30), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.31), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.32), 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile (B.1.33), ipfentrifluconazole (B.1.37), mefentrifluconazole (B.1.38), 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (B.1.43); Imidazoles: imazalil (B.1.44), pefurazoate (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), triflumiazole (B.1.47); Pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: phenarimol (B.1.49), pyrifenox (B.1.50), triporine (B.1.51), [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52);

- Delta 14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph (B.2.1), dodemorph (B.2.2), dodemorph-acetate (B.2.3), fenpropimorph (B.2.4), tridemorph (B.2.5), fenpropidine (B.2.6), piperalin (B.2.7), spiroxamine (B.2.8);

- Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: phenhexamide (B.3.1);

- Other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorphenomizole (B.4.1);

C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor

- Phenylamide or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl (C.1.1), benalaxyl-M (C.1.2), chiralaxyl (C.1.3), metalaxyl (C.1.4), metalaxyl-M (C.1.5), ofurace (C.1.6), oxadixyl (C.1.7);

- Other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: himexazole (C.2.1), octylinone (C.2.2), oxolinic acid (C.2.3), bupirimate (C.2.4), 5-fluorocytosine (C.2.5), 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.6), 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.7), 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.8);

D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

- Tubulin inhibitors: benomyl (D.1.1), carbendazim (D.1.2), fuberidazole (D.1.3), thiabendazole (D.1.4), thiophanate-methyl (D.1.5), pyridaclomethyl (D.1.6), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butanamide (D.1.8), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.9), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)butanamide (D.1.10), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide (D.1.11), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propyl-butanamide (D.1.12), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propyl-acetamide (D.1.13), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-propyl-acetamide (D.1.14), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.15), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine (D.1.16);

- Other cytostatics: diethofencarb (D.2.1), ethaboxam (D.2.2), pencycuron (D.2.3), fluopicolide (D.2.4), zoxamide (D.2.5), metrafenone (D.2.6), pyriophenone (D.2.7), phenamacryl (D.2.8);

E) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis

- Methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil (E.1.1), mepanipyrim (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1.3);

- Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S (E.2.1), kasugamycin (E.2.2), kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate (E.2.3), mildiomycin (E.2.4), streptomycin (E.2.5), oxytetracycline (E.2.6);

F) Signal transduction inhibitor

- MAP/histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimides (F.1.1), iprodione (F.1.2), procymidone (F.1.3), vinclozolin (F.1.4), fludioxonil (F.1.5);

- G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen (F.2.1);

G) Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis

- Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos (G.1.1), iprobenphos (G.1.2), pyrazophos (G.1.3), isoprothiolane (G.1.4);

- Lipid peroxidation: dichlorane (G.2.1), quintozene (G.2.2), tecnazene (G.2.3), tolclofos-methyl (G.2.4), biphenyl (G.2.5), chloroneb (G.2.6), etridiazole (G.2.7), zinc thiazole (G.2.8);

- Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph (G.3.1), flumorph (G.3.2), mandipropamide (G.3.3), pirimorph (G.3.4), benthiavalicarb (G.3.5), iprovalicarb (G.3.6), valifenalate (G.3.7);

- Compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acids: propamocarb (G.4.1);

- Inhibitors of oxysterol binding proteins: oxathiapiproline (G.5.1), fluoxapiproline (G.5.3), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.4), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.5), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.6), 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.7), 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.8), 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.9), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.10), (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.11);

H) Inhibitors with multiple sites of action

- Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.6), sulfur (H.1.7);

- Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam (H.2.1), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram (H.2.7), zineb (H.2.8), ziram (H.2.9);

- Organochlorine compounds: anilazine (H.3.1), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), captafol (H.3.3), captan (H.3.4), polpet (H.3.5), dichlorofluanid (H.3.6), dichlorophene (H.3.7), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorphenol (H.3.9) and salts thereof, phthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.11);

- Guanidines, etc.: guanidine (H.4.1), dodine (H.4.2), dodine free base (H.4.3), guazatine (H.4.4), guazatine-acetate (H.4.5), iminoctadine (H.4.6), iminoctadine-triacetate (H.4.7), iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) (H.4.8), dithianone (H.4.9), 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H.4.10);

I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

- Inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin (I.1.1), polyoxin B (I.1.2);

- Melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon (I.2.1), tricyclazole (I.2.2), carpropamide (I.2.3), dicyclomet (I.2.4), fenoxanil (I.2.5);

J) Plant defense inducer

- Acibenzol-S-methyl (J.1.1), probenazole (J.1.2), isotianil (J.1.3), thiadiinil (J.1.4), prohexadione-calcium (J.1.5); Phosphonates: fosetyl (J.1.6), fosetyl-aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1.8), calcium phosphonate (J.1.11), potassium phosphonate (J.1.12), potassium or sodium bicarbonate (J.1.9), 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (J.1.10);

K) Unknown mode of action

- Bronopol (K.1.1), chinomethionate (K.1.2), cyflufenamide (K.1.3), cymoxanil (K.1.4), dazomet (K.1.5), debacarb (K.1.6), dicloximet (K.1.7), diclomezine (K.1.8), difenzoquat (K.1.9), difenzoquat-methylsulfate (K.1.10), diphenylamine (K.1.11), fenitrophane (K.1.12), fenpyrazamine (K.1.13), flumetober (K.1.14), flusulfamide (K.1.15), flutianil (K.1.16), harpin (K.1.17), methasulfocarb (K.1.18), nitrapyrin (K.1.19), nitrothal-isopropyl (K.1.20), tolprocarb (K.1.21), oxin-copper (K.1.22), proquinazid (K.1.23), tebufloquine (K.1.24), tecloptalam (K.1.25), triazoxide (K.1.26), N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.27), N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.28), N'-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.29), N'-(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-3-pyridyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.30), N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.31), N'-[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexoxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.32), N'-[5-Bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.33), N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.34), N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.35), 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide (K.1.36), 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (pyrisoxazole) (K.1.37), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (K.1.38), 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole (K.1.39), ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate (K.1.40), picarbutrazox (K.1.41), pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.42), but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.43), ipflufenoquine (K.1.44), quinofumeline (K.1.47), benzothiazolinone (K.1.48), bromothalonil (K.1.49), 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline (K.1.50), 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]quinazoline (K.1.51), dichlorobenzothiazoline (K.1.52), N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.53), Pyripenamine (K.1.54), fluopimomide (K.1.55), N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.56).

Fungicides, described under common names, their preparation and, for example, their activity against harmful fungi, are known (see http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially available. Furthermore, compounds described by the IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their insecticidal activity are known (Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; US 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491; WO 04/49804; W.O. 04/83193; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624, WO 10/139271, WO 11/028657, WO 12/168188, WO 07/006670, WO 11/77514; WO 13/047749, WO 10/069882, WO 13/047441, WO 03/16303, WO 09/90181, WO 13/007767, WO 13/010862, WO 13/127704, WO 13/024009, WO 13/24010, WO 13/047441, WO 13/162072, WO 13/092224, WO 11/1358 33, CN 1907024, CN 1456054, CN 103387541, CN 1309897, WO 12/84812, CN 1907024, WO 09/094442, WO 14/60177, WO 13/116251, WO 08/013622, W O 15/65922, WO 94/01546, EP 2865265, WO 07/129454, WO 12/165511, WO 11/081174, WO 13/47441, WO 16/156241, WO 16/162265). Some compounds are identified by their CAS registry number which is separated by a hyphen into three parts, the first part consists of 2 to 7 digits, the second part consists of 2 digits and the third part consists of 1 digit.

When the mixture of the present invention is mixed with one or more fungicides, the mixture is also suitable for combating or controlling plant diseases, such as those caused by plant pathogenic fungi. Examples of plant pathogenic fungi in rice are Alternaria spp., Bipolaris (e.g. Bipolaris oryzae), and Drechslera spp., Cercospora oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Curvularia lunata, Sarocladium oryzae, S. S. attenuatum, Entyloma oryzae, Fusarium spp., e.g. Fusarium semitectum (and/or moniliforme Gibberella fujikuroi (bakanae)), Grainstaining complex (various pathogens), and/or Pythium spp., Helminthosporium spp., e.g. Helminthosporium oryzae, Microdochium oryzae, Pyricularia grisea (syn. Pyricularia oryzae oryzae), Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solani (syn. Pellicularia sasakii in rice), Corticium sasakii and Ustilaginoidea virens.

Preparation

The invention also relates to a method in which the compounds of the mixture according to the invention are provided or applied to an agrochemical composition comprising an adjuvant and a mixture according to the invention. The compounds may be present together in one formulation (for simultaneous use), or in two separate formulations (for mixing immediately prior to simultaneous application, or for separate application).

The pesticide composition comprises a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a mixture thereof. The term "pesticidally effective amount" is defined below.

The mixtures of the present invention can be converted into conventional types of pesticide compositions, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples for composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or powders (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal products (e.g. LN), as well as gel preparations for the treatment of plant propagation material such as seeds (e.g. GF). These and additional composition types are described in the literature ["Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2002/022222; 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International].

The above composition is prepared by a known method such as that described in the literature [Mollet and Grube-mann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005].

Examples of suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, tackifiers, thickeners, moisturizers, repellents, attractants, feed stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, colorants, tackifiers and binders.

Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as medium to high boiling mineral oil fractions, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.

Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, for example silicates, silica gel, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharide powders, for example cellulose, starch; fertilizers, for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea; products of plant origin, for example cereal wheat, tree bark wheat, wood wheat, nutshell wheat, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. These surfactants can be used as emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, wetting agents, penetration enhancers, protective colloids or adjuvants. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol. 1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).

Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylaryl-sulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, sulfates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfates of alcohols, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols or sulfates of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters, which are alkoxylated in amounts of 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, can be used for the alkoxylation. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitan, ethoxylated sorbitan, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are homo- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol or vinyl acetate.

Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds having one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetaines and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanols, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamine or polyethyleneamine.

Suitable adjuvants are compounds which by themselves have negligible or no pesticidal activity and which enhance the biological performance of the mixture of the invention against the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other adjuvants. Further examples are given in Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.

Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xantham gum, carboxymethylcellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates and silicates.

Suitable fungicides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives, such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.

Suitable antifreezes are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.

Suitable foaming agents are silicones, long-chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.

Suitable colorants (e.g., red, blue or green) are pigments with low water solubility, and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g., iron oxide, titanium oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g., alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).

Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.

Examples of composition types and their manufacture are as follows:

i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)

10-60 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture and 5-15 wt% of a wetting agent (e.g. an alcohol alkoxylate) are dissolved in water and/or a water-soluble solvent (e.g. an alcohol) in an amount of up to 100 wt%. The active substance is dissolved upon dilution with water.

ii) Dispersible concentrate (DC)

5-25 wt% of a compound I or II or a mixture according to the present invention and 1-10 wt% of a dispersant (e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone) are dissolved in an organic solvent (e.g. cyclohexanone) up to 100 wt%. Dilution with water gives a dispersion.

iii) Emulsifying concentrate (EC)

15-70 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture and 5-10 wt% of an emulsifier (e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon) up to 100 wt%. Upon dilution with water, an emulsion is obtained.

iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)

5-40 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture and 1-10 wt% of an emulsifier (e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in 20-40 wt% of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon). This mixture is introduced into water using an emulsifying machine up to 100 wt% and a homogeneous emulsion is prepared. Upon dilution with water, an emulsion is obtained.

v) Suspension (SC, OD, FS)

In a stirred ball mill, 20-60 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture thereof, 2-10 wt% of a dispersant and a wetting agent (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), 0.1-2 wt% of a thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and up to 100 wt% of water are added and ground to give a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. For FS type compositions, up to 40 wt% of a binder (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol) is added.

vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)

50-80 wt% of the compounds I or II according to the invention or mixtures thereof are finely ground with addition of up to 100 wt% of dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylates) and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technological devices (e.g. extruder, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.

vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)

In a rotor-stator mill, 50-80 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture are ground with addition of 1-5 wt% of a dispersant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-3 wt% of a wetting agent (e.g. alcohol ethoxylate) and up to 100 wt% of a solid carrier, e.g. silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.

viii) Gel (GW, GF)

In a stirred ball mill, 5-25 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture are ground with 3-10 wt% of a dispersant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5 wt% of a thickener (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose) and up to 100 wt% of water, thereby obtaining a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.

ix) Microemulsion (ME) or nanoemulsion

5-20 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture thereof are added to 5-30 wt% of an organic solvent blend (e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25 wt% of a surfactant blend (e.g. alcohol ethoxylate and arylphenol ethoxylate) and up to 100 wt% of water. The mixture is stirred for 1 h to spontaneously form a thermodynamically stable microemulsion.

x) Microcapsules (CS)

An oily phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture, 0-40 wt% of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. an aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15 wt% of an acrylic monomer (e.g. methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and di- or triacrylates) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules. Alternatively, an oily phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a compound I or II according to the invention or a mixture, 0-40 wt% of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. an aromatic hydrocarbon), and an isocyanate monomer (e.g. diphenylmethene-4,4'-diisocyanate) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). The addition of a polyamine (e.g. hexamethylenediamine) leads to the formation of polyurea microcapsules. The amount of monomer is 1-10 wt%. The wt% relates to the total CS composition.

xi) Dusty powder (DP, DS)

1-10 wt% of the compound I or II or a mixture according to the present invention is finely ground and intimately mixed with up to 100 wt% of a solid carrier, for example finely divided kaolin.

xii) Granules (GR, FG)

0.5-30 wt% of the compound I or II or a mixture according to the invention is finely ground and associated with up to 100 wt% of a solid carrier (e.g. a silicate). Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or fluidized bed.

xiii) Ultra-low volume liquids (UL)

1-50 wt% of the compound I or II according to the present invention or a mixture thereof is dissolved in an organic solvent, for example an aromatic hydrocarbon, up to 100 wt%.

Composition types i) to xiii) may optionally contain additional auxiliaries, such as 0.1-1 wt% of a bactericide, 5-15 wt% of an antifreeze, 0.1-1 wt% of an antifoaming agent and 0.1-1 wt% of a colorant.

The agrochemical composition generally comprises 0.01 to 95 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 90 wt. %, and most preferably 0.5 to 75 wt. % of active substance. The active substance is used in a purity (according to NMR spectrum) of 90 to 100 %, preferably 95 to 100 %.

Various types of oils, humectants, adjuvants, fertilizers or micronutrients, and other pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) can be added to the compositions containing the active substances, or containing them as a pre-mixture, or, if appropriate, not containing them until immediately before use (tank mix). These agents can be mixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:10 to 10:1.

In one embodiment, the SC agrochemical composition is preferred for application in crop protection. In one sub-embodiment thereof, the SC agrochemical composition comprises 50 to 500 g/L (grams per liter), or 100 to 250 g/L, or 100 g/L or 150 g/L or 200 g/L or 250 g/L.

In another embodiment, granules according to formulation type xii) are used for application in rice according to the present invention.

In another embodiment, the dispersible concentrate DC according to formulation type ii) is used for application in rice according to the present invention.

In another embodiment, the emulsifying concentrate EC according to formulation type iii) is used for application in rice according to the present invention.

In another embodiment, a microemulsion ME according to formulation type ix) is used for application in rice according to the present invention.

In another embodiment, the nanoemulsion is used for application in rice according to the present invention.

The user typically applies the composition according to the invention from a pre-dosing device, a backpack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane or an irrigation system. Typically, the agrochemical composition is prepared with water, buffers and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration, thereby obtaining a ready-to-use spray solution or agrochemical composition according to the invention. Typically, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of ready-to-use spray solution are applied per hectare of agriculturally useful area.

According to one embodiment, the individual components of the composition according to the invention, such as part of a kit or part of a two-component or three-component mixture, can be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank, with additional auxiliaries added, if appropriate.

In another embodiment, the individual components or partially premixed components of the composition according to the invention, for example components comprising the compounds or mixtures of the invention and/or further mixing partners as defined above, may be mixed by the user in a spray tank, and, if appropriate, further auxiliaries and additives may be added.

In another embodiment, the individual components or partially premixed components of the composition according to the invention, e.g. components comprising a compound or mixture of the invention and/or an additional mixing partner as defined above, may be applied jointly (e.g. after tank mix) or sequentially.

How to apply

The present invention also relates to a method wherein the mixture according to the invention is suitable for use in protecting crops and their plant propagation material, such as seeds, in particular rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material, such as seeds, or the soil or water in which the plants or rice plants grow, against attack or infestation by pests or rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates. The present invention therefore also relates to a method for protecting plants, comprising contacting the crop or the plant propagation material, rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material, such as seeds, or the soil or water in which the plants grow, with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture according to the invention for protecting the crop or the plant propagation material, rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material, such as seeds, or the soil or water in which the plants grow, against attack or infestation by rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates.

The present invention also relates to a method for combating or controlling pests, in particular rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates, comprising contacting the pests, in particular rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates, their habitat, breeding ground or feeding ground, or crops and their plant propagation material, such as seeds, in particular rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material, such as seeds, or soil or water, or an area, material or environment in which the pests or rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates, grow or may grow, with a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the present invention.

The mixture of the present invention is effective both through contact and ingestion. Furthermore, the mixture of the present invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages, such as eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults.

The mixtures of the invention can be applied as such, or in the form of a composition comprising the components as defined above. Furthermore, the mixtures of the invention can be applied together with further mixing partners as defined above, or in the form of a composition comprising said mixtures as defined above. The components of the mixtures can be applied simultaneously, jointly or separately, or in immediate succession, thereby producing a mixture "in situ" at the desired location, e.g. on the plant, sequence, generally without affecting the result of the control means in the case of individual applications.

Application can be carried out both before and after infestation by pests of crops and their plant propagation material, such as seeds, in particular rice, rice plants, rice plant propagation material, such as seeds, soil, or areas, materials or the environment.

Suitable application methods include, in particular, soil treatment, seed treatment, furrow application, watering application and foliar application. Soil treatment methods include soil drenching, root immersion or soil injection. Seed treatment techniques include seed dressing, seed coating, seed spreading, seed deposition and seed pelleting. Furrow application typically involves making a furrow in the field, sowing seeds in the furrow, applying an insecticidal active compound to the furrow and sealing the furrow. Foliar application refers to applying an insecticidal active compound to the leaves of the plant, for example via spray equipment. In the case of foliar application, it may be advantageous to modify the behavior of the pest by using pheromones in combination with the compounds of the invention. Suitable pheromones for specific crops and pests are known to the skilled person and are publicly available from databases of pheromones and signal chemicals, such as http://www.pherobase.com.

In the context of rice cultivation and rice crops, the following types of applications are of particular relevance:

- "Granular application" includes spraying or applying insecticide granules or a mixture of insecticides/fungicides and nematicides directly into the field or nursery box, manually or mechanically onto the soil surface or well. The granular formulation may be mixed with fillers, carriers or fertilizers to ensure uniform distribution in the field.

- “Floating packet application” refers to the application of an insecticide or a mixture of insecticides/fungicides and nematicides in a water-soluble sachet/packet by pouring it into the field from the water tank.

- “Seedling box application” refers to the manual or mechanical mixing of an insecticide preparation (e.g., in the case of granules, liquid) into a nursery box or seedling box containing rice seedlings prior to transplanting into the main field.

- “Seed treatment” involves soaking/mixing rice seeds with a solution of an insecticide or a mixture of insecticides/nematicides/fungicides. This application is carried out before sowing, before or after seed germination.

- “Foliar application” refers to the application of insecticides or insecticides/fungicides/nematicides/selective herbicides in water or oil as a spray application using various application equipment (e.g., backpack, power sprayer, linear sprayer, etc.).

- “Soil application” refers to the application of an insecticide or a mixture of insecticides/fungicides/nematicides/selective herbicides to the soil by drench application, watering application or granule application.

- “Aerial application” refers to the application of insecticides or mixtures of insecticides/fungicides/nematicides/selective herbicides to fields in granular or liquid form using airplanes, helicopters or drones.

- “Dust application” involves applying insecticides or mixtures of insecticides/fungicides/nematicides/selective herbicides directly to the field as a dust preparation using special applicators (e.g., power dusters).

- “Irrigation application” means applying a liquid formulation of an insecticide or a mixture of insecticides/fungicides/nematicides/selective herbicides at the point where irrigation water is released into the field.

- "Envelope application" is a type of application in which a liquid or granular preparation of an insecticide or a mixture of insecticides/fungicides/nematicides/selective herbicides is applied clockwise or counterclockwise to the inner boundary of the field.

Preferred applications are granule application, seedling box application and foliar application.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method in which a pesticide is applied by granule application.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method in which a pesticide is applied by seedling box application.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method wherein an insecticide is applied by foliar application.

As used herein, the term “contact” includes both direct contact (applying the compound/composition directly to the animal pest or the plant - typically the leaves, stems or roots of the plant) and indirect contact (applying the compound/composition to the site of the animal pest or the plant, i.e., a habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment where the pest grows or can grow).

In the context of the present invention, the term "animal pests" includes pests as described above, in particular rice pests, in particular rice pest invertebrates, in particular arthropods, gastropods and nematodes, which are rice pest insects. The arthropods are preferably insects and arachnids, in particular insects. Insects of particular relevance are typically referred to as crop insect pests or rice pest insects.

The term "crop" refers to both growing and harvested rice.

In the context of the present invention, the term "plant" preferably means a rice plant (Oryza species, preferably Oryza sativa). The two species of rice, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, are most frequently cultivated. A number of subspecies of Oryza sativa are commercially important, including Oryza sativa subsp. indica, Oryza sativa subsp. japonica, Oryza sativa subsp. javanica, Oryza sativa subsp. glutinosa (glutinous rice), Oryza sativa Aromatica group (e.g., basmati), and Oryza sativa (Buddhist group). The term "plant" is to be understood to include wild-type plants as well as plants modified by conventional breeding or by mutagenesis or genetic engineering, or a combination thereof.

Plants which have been mutagenized or genetically engineered, and which are particularly commercially important, include rice. In the plants which have been mutagenized or genetically engineered, one or more genes have been mutagenized or integrated into the genetic material of the plant. The one or more mutagenized or integrated genes are preferably selected from pat, epsps, cry1Ab, bar, cry1Fa2, cry1Ac, cry34Ab1, cry35AB1, cry3A, cryF, cry1F, mcry3a, cry2Ab2, cry3Bb1, cry1A.105, dfr, barnase, vip3Aa20, barstar, als, bxn, bp40, asn1, and ppo5. The mutagenesis or integration of the one or more genes is carried out to improve specific characteristics of the plant. These traits, also known as traits, include abiotic stress tolerance, altered growth/yield, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, altered product quality and moisture regulation. Among these traits, herbicide tolerance, such as imidazolinone tolerance, glyphosate tolerance or glufosinate tolerance, is particularly important.

Surprisingly, it was found that the insecticidal activity of the mixture of the present invention can be enhanced by the insecticidal properties of the modified plant. Furthermore, it was found that the mixture of the present invention is suitable for preventing insects from becoming resistant to the insecticidal properties or for combating pests that have already become resistant to the insecticidal properties of the modified plant. Furthermore, the mixture of the present invention is suitable for combating pests for which the insecticidal properties are ineffective and for which a complementary insecticidal activity can be advantageously used.

The term "plant propagation material" refers to all living parts of a plant, such as seeds, sprouted seeds, seedlings and buds. It may also include seedlings and young plants that are to be transplanted after germination or emergence from the soil. These plant propagation materials may be preventively treated with plant protection compounds at or before planting or transplanting.

The term "seed" includes all kinds of seeds and plant propagules including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, pods, fruits, grains, cuttings, cut shoots, etc., and in a preferred embodiment means true seeds.

In general, a "pesticidally effective amount" means that amount of active ingredient required to achieve an observable effect on growth, including necrosis, killing, delaying, preventing, and eliminating, destroying, or otherwise reducing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The pesticidally effective amount may vary depending on the various compounds/compositions used in the present invention. The pesticidally effective amount of the composition will also vary depending on the desired pesticidal effect and prevailing conditions such as duration, climate, target species, location, method of application, etc.

In case of soil treatment, application in furrows or application to pest habitats or nests, the amount of active ingredient is in the range of 0.0001 to 500 g/100 m2, preferably 0.001 to 20 g/100 m2.

For use in treating rice plants, for example by foliar application, the application rates of the active ingredients of the present invention may range from 0.0001 g to 4000 g/hectare, for example from 1 g to 2 kg/hectare or from 1 g to 750 g/hectare, preferably from 1 g to 100 g/hectare, more preferably from 10 g to 50 g/hectare, for example from 10 to 20 g/hectare, 20 to 30 g/hectare, 30 to 40 g/hectare, or 40 to 50 g/hectare.

The mixtures of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in the treatment of seeds for protecting seeds from insect pests, in particular from soil-dwelling insect pests, and for protecting the roots and shoots of seedlings produced against soil pests and leaf-boring insects. The invention therefore also relates to a method for protecting seeds from insects, in particular from soil insects, and the roots and shoots of seedlings from insects, in particular from soil and leaf-boring insects, which method comprises treating the seeds with the compounds of the invention prior to sowing and/or after pre-germination. The protection of the roots and shoots of seedlings is preferred. The protection of the shoots of seedlings against boring and sucking insects, chewing insects and nematodes is more preferred.

The term "seed treatment" includes all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed pelleting, and in-furrow application methods. Preferably, the seed treatment application of the active compounds is carried out by spraying or dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.

The present invention also includes seeds coated with or containing the active compound. The term "coated with and/or containing" generally means that the active ingredient is in most cases on the surface of the propagation product at the time of application, but depending on the method of application a greater or lesser portion of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product. When said propagation product is (re)planted, it can take up the active ingredient.

In the context of the present invention, the seed is a rice seed. The active compounds of the present invention can also be used to treat seeds from plants that have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering and are, for example, resistant to the action of herbicides or fungicides or insecticides. Such modified plants have been described in detail above.

Conventional seed treatment formulations include, for example, flowable concentrates FS, solutions LS, suspoemulsions (SE), powders for dry treatment DS, water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble powders SS and emulsions ES and EC, and gel formulations GF. These formulations can be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to the seed is carried out before sowing, directly on the seed or after pre-germination of the seed. Preferably, the formulations are applied so that germination is not involved.

The active substance concentration in the ready-to-use preparation, which can be obtained after 2 to 10 times dilution, is preferably 0.01 to 60 wt.%, more preferably 0.1 to 40 wt.%.

In a preferred embodiment, the FS formulation is used for seed treatment. Typically, the FS formulation may comprise 1-800 g/l of active ingredient, 1-200 g/l of surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l of antifreeze, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of pigment, and up to 1 liter of solvent, preferably water.

Particularly preferred FS formulations of the mixtures of the invention for seed treatment typically comprise from 0.1 to 80 wt.-% (1 to 800 g/l) active ingredient, from 0.1 to 20 wt.-% (1 to 200 g/l) at least one surfactant, for example from 0.05 to 5 wt.-% wetting agent and from 0.5 to 15 wt.-% dispersant, up to 20 wt.-%, for example from 5 to 20 wt.-%, of an antifreeze agent, from 0 to 15 wt.-%, for example from 1 to 15 wt.-%, of a pigment and/or dye, from 0 to 40 wt.-%, for example from 1 to 40 wt.-%, of a binder (tackifier/adhesive), optionally up to 5 wt.-%, for example from 0.1 to 5 wt.-%, of a thickener, optionally from 0.1 to 2 wt.-%, of an antifoaming agent, and optionally preservatives, such as biocides, antioxidants, etc. For example, in amounts of 0.01 to 1 wt%, and up to 100 wt% of filler/vehicle.

In the treatment of seeds, the application rate of the compound of the present invention is generally 0.1 g to 10 kg/100 kg of seed, preferably 1 g to 5 kg/100 kg of seed, more preferably 1 g to 1000 g/100 kg of seed, and especially 1 g to 200 g/100 kg of seed, for example 1 g to 100 g or 5 g to 100 g/100 kg of seed.

Therefore, the present invention also relates to seeds comprising a compound of the present invention or an agriculturally useful salt thereof as defined herein. The amount of the compound of the present invention or an agriculturally useful salt thereof will generally be from 0.1 g to 10 kg/100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg/100 kg of seed, and in particular from 1 g to 1000 g/100 kg of seed.

In the present invention, the mixture of the present invention can also be used to improve plant health. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating rice plants, rice plant propagation material and/or a site where rice plants are grown or are to be grown with an effective and non-phytotoxic amount of a compound of the present invention.

As used herein, an “effective, non-phytotoxic amount” means that the compound is used in an amount that will produce the desired effect, but will not cause any phytotoxic symptoms to the treated plants, or to plant growth from the treated propagules or treated soil.

The terms “plant” and “plant propagation material” are defined above.

“Plant health” is defined as the state of a plant and/or its products, which is determined alone or in combination by several aspects, such as yield (e.g. increased biomass and/or increased content of useful components), quality (e.g. improved content or composition of certain components or shelf life), plant vigor (e.g. improved plant growth and/or green foliage (“greening effect”), tolerance to abiotic (e.g. drought) and/or biotic stresses (e.g. diseases)) and production efficiency (e.g. harvest efficiency, processability).

The above identified indicators of plant health may be interdependent and may occur with each other. Each indicator is defined in the art and may be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art.

Example

The compounds benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl are described in the Pesticide Manual, are commercially available, or their syntheses are known.

Biological Test

Synergistic interaction can be described as an interaction in which the combined effect of two or more compounds is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each compound (zero-interaction).

To quantify the degree of drug synergy, several models have been proposed, such as those based on the best single agent model (HAS, or Gaddum additivity) (Berenbaum, 1989), the Loewe additivity model (Loewe, 1953), and the Bliss independence model (Bliss, 1939).

In the present case, the two mixing partners act with mutually non-exclusive activity, i.e., the Bliss independence model appears to be most appropriate to explain the zero-interaction effect (Greco et al., 1992), where yBLISS is the expected effect based on the single effect of each of compounds y1 and y2 (1).

yBLISS = y1 + y2 - y1y2 (1)

A reference model that is particularly useful for the analysis of matrix data from plate-based high-throughput experiments is used (Yadav et al., 2015). This model, called zero-interaction potency (ZIP), overcomes many of the limitations of existing models and is based on independent dose-response curves for each of the two mixing partners. Combining the advantages of the Loewe and Bliss models, the ZIP model predicts that the addition of two non-interacting drugs will cause minimal changes in their dose-response curves. In the ZIP model (Yadav et al., 2015, Formula 16), the zero-interaction situation (yZIP) is defined according to Equation (2), where X1 and X2 are the doses of compounds 1 and 2, m1 and m2 are the doses that produce the midpoint effect, also known as the relative EC50 or IC50 of compounds 1 and 2, and λ1 and λ2 (λ > 0) are shape parameters describing the sigmoidal nature or slope of the curve for compounds 1 and 2.

(2)

The average delta score is computed for each dose combination in the matrix from the expected and observed values of ZIP (δ). This enables surface plots of the delta scores, thereby visualizing the interaction landscape for the drug combinations, with the goal of identifying synergistic and antagonistic dose regions for further dose optimization in the validation screen. The delta scores have units of % inhibition and are directly comparable within and between drug combinations. Finally, the average of all dose combination delta scores in the matrix can be computed. This average score in % is referred to as the "ZIP synergy score" for the ZIP model, or the "Bliss synergy score" for the Bliss model.

An R script called “Synergyfinder” based on the above model was published by He, L. et al. (2018). It is also available for download at Bioconductor.org: http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/synergyfinder.html.

The following tests demonstrate the control efficacy of the compounds, mixtures or compositions of the present invention against specific pests. However, the pest control protection provided by the compounds, mixtures or compositions is not limited to these species. In certain cases, combinations of the compounds of the present invention with other invertebrate pest control compounds or agents have been found to exhibit synergistic effects against certain important invertebrate pests.

The tested mixture contained two components, benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphate, belonging to two different modes of action (IRAC classification).

Test 1: Gray tobacco moth (Heliothis virescens)

To evaluate control of the gray tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), the test apparatus consisted of a 96-well microtiter plate containing an insect diet and 15-25 H. virescens eggs.

The above compounds or mixtures were formulated using solutions containing 75% water and 25% DMSO. Different concentrations of the formulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 10 μL using a custom micro-nebulizer.

For the experimental mixtures in these tests, equal volumes of the two mixing partners at each desired concentration were mixed together. The mixture application was repeated four times in four separate microtiter plates.

After application, the microtiter plates were incubated at 28 ± 1 °C, 80 ± 5% RH for 5 days. The mortality of eggs and larvae was then visually assessed, and a score (0, 50, or 100% control effect) was provided.

Table 1.1 Observed mortality (%) in H. virescens after application of mixtures of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane in different ratios

Table 1.2.a Predicted mortality (%) in H. virescens after application of different ratios of mixtures of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the Bliss model

Table 1.2.b Synergy score (%) resulting from mortality in H. virescens after application of mixtures of different ratios of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the Bliss model

Table 1.3.a Predicted mortality (%) in H. virescens after application of mixtures of different ratios of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the ZIP model

Table 1.3.b Synergy score (%) resulting from mortality in H. virescens after application of mixtures of different ratios of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the ZIP model

Test 2: Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

To evaluate control of greenhouse whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), the test apparatus consisted of a 96-well microtiter plate containing leaf slices of branch leaves bearing whitefly eggs. The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75% water and 25% DMSO. Different concentrations of the formulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 2.5 μL using a custom-made micro-nebulizer. For the experimental mixtures in these tests, equal volumes of the two mixing partners at each desired concentration were mixed together. The mixture applications were repeated four times in four individual microtiter plates.

For the experimental mixtures in these tests, equal volumes of the two mixing partners, each with the desired concentration, were mixed together.

After application, the microtiter plates were incubated at 23 + 1 ° C, 65 + 5% RH for 6 days. The mortality of hatched crawlers was then visually assessed and a score (0, 50 or 100% control effect) was provided.

Table 2.1 Observed mortality (%) in T. vaporariorum after application of mixtures of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane in different ratios

Table 2.2.a Predicted mortality (%) in T. vaporariorum after application of different ratios of mixtures of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the Bliss model

Table 2.2.b Synergy score (%) resulting from mortality in T. vaporariorum after application of mixtures of different ratios of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the Bliss model

Table 2.3.a Predicted mortality (%) in T. vaporariorum after application of mixtures of different ratios of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the ZIP model

Table 2.3.b Synergy score (%) resulting from mortality in T. vaporariorum after application of mixtures of different ratios of oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane according to the ZIP model

For H. virescens, for specific dose combinations between oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane, an additive synergistic effect was observed between 40% mortality according to the Bliss model and 18% mortality according to the ZIP model control (Tables 1.2b and 1.3b).

For T. vaporariorum, for specific dose combinations between oxazosulphil and benzpyrimoxane, an additive synergistic effect was observed between 65% mortality according to the Bliss model and 51% mortality according to the ZIP model control (Tables 2.2b and 2.3b).

References:

Claims (15)

A pesticide mixture comprising benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulphyl, wherein the ratio of benzpyrimoxane to oxazosulphyl is 100:1 to 1:3. A mixture in which benzpyrimoxane and oxazosulpyrrolidone are the only active ingredients in claim 1. A mixture in which the ratio of benzpyrimoxane to oxazosulpil in the first paragraph is 20:1 to 1:3. A pesticidal composition comprising a liquid or solid carrier and a mixture as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3. A method for combating or controlling an invertebrate pest, comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its feeding site, habitat or breeding site with a pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A method for protecting a growing plant or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by invertebrate pests, comprising contacting the plant, plant propagation material, or soil or water in which the plant is growing, with a pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Plant propagation material comprising an insecticidal mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an amount of 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seeds. A method for protecting plant propagation material, comprising contacting the plant propagation material with an insecticidal mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an amount of 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of the plant propagation material. A method for controlling rice pest invertebrates in rice, comprising applying a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to the rice pest invertebrates. In the 9th paragraph, a method for controlling rice pest invertebrates in rice, wherein the rice pest invertebrates are selected from the following group:
Thrush:
Brown planthopper - Nilaparvata lugens
Small brown planthopper - Laodelphax striatellus
White-backed planthopper - Sogatella furcifera
White leafhopper - Cofana spectra
Green leafhoppers - Nephotettix virescens, N. nigriceps, N. cincticeps, N. malayanus
Zig zag leafhopper - Recilia dorsalis
Maize orange leafhopper - Cicadulina bipunctata
Aster leafhopper - Macrosteles fascifrons
Rice earhead bug, Leptocorisa oratorius, L. acuta
Rice stink bugs - Nezara viridula, Pygomenida varipennis, Eysarcoris, Tibraca limbatriventris, Eysarcoris ventralis
Small stink bug - Oebalus poecilus, O. pugnax
Coreid bug - Eysarcoris sp.
Chinch bug - Blissus leucopterus leucopterus
Rice mealybug, Brevennia rehi, Pseudococcus saccharicola
Rice aphids, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Macrosiphum avenae, Hysteroneura setariae, Tetraneuro nigriabdominalis
Bean root aphid - Smynthurodes betae
Butterfly neck:
Rice skipper - Parnara guttata, Melanitis Ieda ismene
Rice stem borer / striped stem borer - Chilo suppressalis, Chilo polychrusus, Chilo partellus, Chilo plejadellus
Rice stalk borer - Chilotraea polychrysa
Pink rice borer - Sesamia inferens
Yellow rice borer - Tryporyza (=Scirpophaga) incertulas
White rice borer - Tryporyza innotata
Rice leafroller/leaf folder moth - Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis, M. exigua
Rice ear-cutting caterpillar / armyworm - Pseudaletia separata
Green caterpillar - Xanthodes transversa
Green rice caterpillar - Narnaga aenescens
Green horned caterpillars - Melanitis Ieda ismene, Mycalesis sp.
Fall army worm - Spodoptera frugiperda
Cutworm - Mythimna separata
Rice case worm - Nymphula depunctalis
Black hairy caterpillar, Amata sp.
Hairy caterpillar - Mocis frugalis
Yellow caterpillar, Psalis pennatula
Rice semi-brown looper, Mocis frugalis
Rice semi-looper, Chrysodeixis chalcites
Grass webworm - Herpetogramma licarsisalis
Sugarcane borer - Diatraea saccharalis
Corn stalk borer - Elasmopalpus lignosellus
Striped grass looper - Mocis latipes
European corn borer - Ostrinia nubilalis
Mexican rice borer - Eoreuma loftini
Beetle Order:
Water weevil - Lissorhopterus oryzophilus
Rice plant weevil - Echinocnemus squamous
Rice weevil - Oryzophagus oryzae
Rice weevil (rice hispa) - Diclodispa armigera
Rice leaf beetle - Oulema oryzae
Rice blackbug - Scotinophora vermidulate, S. vermidulate, S. lurida, S. latiuscula
Rice flea beetle - Chaetocnima basalis
Grubs - Leucopholis irrorata, Leucopholis irrorata, Phyllophaga sp., Heteronychus sp.
Scarab beetle (bicho torito) - Diloboderus abderus
Weevils (billbugs) - Sphenophorus spp.
Grape colaspis - Colaspis brunnea, C. louisianae
Rice pollen beetle, Chilolava acuta
Paris neck:
Stem maggot - Chlorops oryzae
Leafminer - Agromyza oryzae
Rice whorl maggot / Rice stem maggot - Hydrellia sasakii
Rice whorl maggot / small rice leafminer - Hydrellia griseola
Rice gall midge - Orseolia (=Pachydiplosis) oryzae
Rice shoot fly - Atherigona oryzae
Rice seed midge - Chironomus cavazzai, Chironomus spp., Cricotopus spp.
Total insect order:
Rice thrips - Chloethrips oryzae, Stenochaetothrips biformis, Perrisothrips sp., Hoplothrips sp.
Grasshopper neck:
Rice grasshoppers, Hieroglyphus banian, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus, Catantops pinguis, Attractomorpha burri, A. crenulate, A. psittacina psittacina, A. bedeli, Oxya adenttata, Oxya ebneri, Oxya hyla intricata, Acrida turricata
Locusts - Locusta migratoria manilensis
Mole cricket, Grylotalpa africana
Field crickets: Gryllus bimaculatus, Teleogryllus occipitalis, Euscyrtus concinus
Katydid - Conocephalus longipennis
Termite neck:
Termites - Macrotermes gilvus, Syntermes molestans
Logging:
Ants - Solenopsis geminata
Rice white tip nematode - Aphelenchoides besseyi
Tick neck:
Rice panicle mite - Steotarsonemus pinki
shellfish:
Tadpole shrimp - Triops longicaudatus, T. cancriformis
Rice crayfish - Procambarus clarkii, Orconectes virilis. In claim 9, the rice pest invertebrate is from the order of Hemiptera, Lepidoptera or Coleoptera;
or selected from the hopper,
or brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens), rice stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Pygomenida varipennis, Eysarcoris, Tibraca limbatriventris, Eysarcoris ventralis), small stink bug (Oevalus Oebalus poecilus, O. pugnax), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), yellow rice borer (Tryporyza (= Scirpophaga) incertulas); A method for controlling rice pest invertebrates in rice, wherein the pest invertebrates are selected from rice leafroller/leaf folder moth (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis, M. exigua), water weevil (Lissorhopterus oryzophilus), and rice weevil (Oryzophagus oryzae). A method for controlling rice pest invertebrates in rice, wherein the method comprises granule application, seedling box application or leaf application. A method for improving the health of a plant, or of a rice plant, or of a rice plant in a paddy field, comprising treatment with a mixture as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3. A method for increasing the yield of a plant, or rice plant, comprising treatment with a mixture as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3. A method for protecting rice plants, using a mixture as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3.